北京市顺义区2020届高三英语第一次统练试题（含解析Word版）

顺义区 2020 届高三第一次统练 英语试卷 第一部分：知识运用（共两节，45 分） 第一节 语法填空（共 10 小题；每小题 1.5 分，共 15 分） A 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写 1 个适当的单词，在给出 提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 I never met Aunt Helen until the day when Mother sent me over to visit her with some chicken soup. I ___1___ (learn) that she had slipped on the stairs and hurt her ankle badly. The door opened almost immediately upon my knocking ___2___ it. In front of me stood an old lady ___3___ looked so neat and elegant that I was quite surprised. I had never realized that an old woman could be “beautiful”. 【答案】1. learned/learnt 2. at/on 3. who/that 【解析】 【分析】 这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了有一天妈妈带作者去看望海伦阿姨，并描述了作者见到海伦阿 姨时的感受。 【1 题详解】 考查动词的时态。句意：我听说她在楼梯上滑了一跤，脚踝受了重伤。根据上文中的 met 可 知时态是一般过去时；且此句主语是 I，that she had slipped on the stairs and hurt her ankle badly 是宾语从句，可知此处缺少谓语，learn 的过去式是 learned 或 learnt。故填 learned/learnt。 【2 题详解】 考查介词。句意：我一敲门，门就开了。敲门为“knock at/on”为固定短语。故填 at/on。 【3 题详解】 考查定语从句的关系词。句意：站在我前面的是一位老太太，她看上去是如此整洁又优雅， 以至于我感到很惊讶。分析句子成分可知，此处是一个定语从句，先行词是 an old lady，指人， 在定语从句中作主语，因此关系词要用 who/that。故填 who/that。 【点睛】第 1 小题考查了一般过去时的用法。一般过去时肯定句的基本结构：“主语+动词过去式+其他”或者“主语+was/were+其他”。一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的 状态，也可表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。常和表示过去的时间状语连用，如 yesterday, last week, last night, in 2003, two days ago 等。 I got up at 6:30 yesterday. 我昨天 6:30 起床。 My father was very busy last week. 我父亲上周很忙。 B 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写 1 个适当的单词，在给出 提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 It is a terrible habit to put off doing things until tomorrow. One way to get rid of it is to change ___4___ we are doing gradually. We can start with a daily schedule of the things we need to finish. If we begin to follow our own schedule for each day, we will stop delaying, becoming highly efficient and well-organized. Life will become far less difficult and each day will be ___5___ (easy) to face. We will certainly feel much better too, because we will know that we can overcome our weakness and improve ___6___ (we). 【答案】4. what 5. easier 6. ourselves 【解析】 这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了摆脱拖延习惯的一个方法是逐渐改变我们正在做的事情，可以 从我们需要完成的事情的日常安排开始。这样我们可以克服自己的弱点，提高自己。 【4 题详解】 考查宾语从句的连接词。句意：摆脱它的一种方法是逐渐改变我们正在做的事情。根据 is to change 可知此处是一个宾语从句，从句缺少引导词，由 we are doing 可知此处要用 what，表示 “什么”，且what 在从句中作 are doing 的宾语。故填 what。 【5 题详解】 考查形容词的比较级。句意：生活会变得简单得多，每天都更容易面对。根据 Life will become far less difficult 可知此处要用形容词的比较级作 will be 的表语。故填 easier。 【6 题详解】 考查反身代词。句意：我们也一定会感觉好多了，因为我们知道我们可以克服自己的弱点， 提高自己。根据 improve 可知此处要接宾语，由主语 we 可知此处要用反身代词 ourselves。主 语与宾语为同一个人或者事物时，宾语用反身代词。故填 ourselves。C 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写 1 个适当的单词，在给出 提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 Mount Tai is one of China’s most famous ___7___ (mountain) because it is a perfect combination of culture and natural landscapes. ___8___ (locate) in central Shandong Province, Mount Tai ___9___ (rise) 1,545 meters above sea level. Its highest peak (山峰) Yuhuangding stands over deep valleys and above other peaks. A seemingly endless flight of stone steps leads you to the Heavenly Southern Date where you look around in the distance, ____10____ (enjoy) the wonderful views of beauty beyond beauty and scenery beyond scenery. 【答案】7. mountains 8. Located 9. rises 10. enjoying 【解析】 【分析】 这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了泰山的相关信息。 【7 题详解】 考查名词的复数。句意：泰山是中国最著名的山脉之一，因为它是文化和自然景观的完美结 合。根据 one of China’s most famous 可知此处要用名词的复数形式，mountain 是可数名词。故 填 mountains。 【8 题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：泰山位于山东省中部，海拔 1545 米。固定短语 be located in，表示“坐 落于”，其逻辑主语是Mount Tai，因此用过去分词形式做状语。故填 Located。 【9 题详解】 考查动词的时态。句意：泰山位于山东省中部，海拔 1545 米。根据 1,545 meters above sea level 可知时态是一般现在时，且主语是 Mount Tai，因此此处动词要用第三人称单数形式。故填 rises。 【10 题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：一段看似无穷无尽的石阶将你引向 Heavenly Southern Date，在那 里你可以远眺四周，享受美景之外的美丽景色。根据 A seemingly endless flight of stone steps leads you to the Heavenly Southern Date 可知此处要用非谓语动词，且由 enjoy 的逻辑主语是 you，它们之间为主动关系，所以此处要用现在分词作状语。故填 enjoying。【点睛】第 3 小题考查了一般现在时的用法。一般现在时的用法： 1.表示事物或人物的特征、状态。如：The sky is blue. 天空是蓝色的。 2.表示经常性或习惯性的动作。如：I get up at six every day. 我每天六点起床。 3.表示客观现实。如：The earth goes around the sun. 地球绕着太阳转。 一般现在时的结构： 1.be 动词：主语+be（am，is，are）其它。如：I am a boy. 我是一个男孩。 2.行为动词：主语+行为动词（+其它）。如：We study English. 我们学习英语。 当主语为第三人称单数（he，she，it）时，要在动词后加-s 或-es。如： Mary likes Chinese. 玛丽喜欢汉语。 第二节 完形填空（共 20 小题；每小题 1.5 分，共 30 分） 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳 选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 A picture with a dog in a hospital room visiting a patient has recently attracted the attention of millions of people. The patient is a man who is the dog’s owner. They are the best friends. The dog, named Rusty, always does what the man wants it to do. They had separated from each other since the man was ill in hospital. The ____11____ dog in the picture was saying goodbye to his ____12____ as he lay in his hospital bed because he was badly ill. It is obvious that he is coming to the end of his life. Emily, the man’s sister, ____13____ the picture on Reddit — a social networking site. It has been ____14____, written about and commented on thousands of times. Thousands upon thousands of ____15____ have opened their wallets to help the ____16____ man’s family with the increasing bills in the hospital. The man in the hospital bed is Mike Petrosino, 27 years old. He was 13 when he was first ____17____ with a rare form of cancer that ____18____ soft tissue, bones as well as other parts of the human body. “He’s in a lot of pain, but he tries to show that he is ____19____ so that he can make others worry less about him,” Emily said. “We are told there is nothing else he can do.” Friends and family have come _____20_____ to say their goodbyes. And the photo, taken by Mike’s brother, John, _____21_____ one very special goodbye, when the Petrosino’s family dog, Rusty, came to Mike’s hospital bedside.Emily said it was “_____22_____” the way in which the world _____23_____ to the photo. Many people followed the photo to the family’s to Funding page. More than $30,000 has been _____24_____ so far. “To see these people who don’t know whom they are donating money to, it is really _____25_____,” Emily said. “We all really _____26_____ it.” “It’s a great photo. You can see there’s a lot of _____27_____ in that photo,” said Emily, “People really understand the meaning of it. When you see something that cuts through the emotion, it really _____28_____ you.” Emily posted this update about an hour ago, “An ambulance is coming to _____29_____ Mike soon to bring him home for Christmas. Again thank you all for your donations and kind words and prayers... There are so many _____30_____ people in the world.” 11. A. valuable B. dangerous C. faithful D. curious 12. A. master B. manager C. holder D. boss 13. A. changed B. drew C. posted D. updated 14. A. published B. shared C. printed D. described 15. A. officers B. strangers C. visitors D. doctors 16. A. dying B. recovering C. sleeping D. crying 17. A. detected B. decided C. operated D. identified 18. A. discovers B. prevents C. attacks D. crashes 19. A. responsible B. reliable C. changeable D. comfortable 20. A. normally B. sadly C. simply D. secretly 21. A. showed B. developed C. expected D. explained 22. A. promising B. amusing C. interesting D. amazing 23. A. responded B. applied C. referred D. replied 24 A. earned B. achieved C. raised D. delivered 25. A. touching B. embarrassing C. annoying D. relaxing 26. A. practice B. appreciate C. imagine D. experience 27. A. passion B. love C. danger D. sympathy 28. A. reminds B. warns C. recalls D. hits 29. A. bring up B. wake up C. pick up D. dress up 30. A. pitiful B. thankful C. useful D. wonderful【答案】11. C 12. A 13. C 14. B 15. B 16. A 17. D 18. C 19. D 20. B 21. A 22. D 23. A 24. C 25. A 26. B 27. B 28. D 29. C 30. D 【解析】 【分析】 这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了一张狗狗在病房探望主人的照片在社交网站 Reddit 引起了数百 万人的关注，这张照片引来成千上万的陌生人打开他们的钱包为 Mike Petrosino 的医疗费用捐 款。虽然 Mike Petrosino 处于垂死的边缘，但是陌生人的帮助让他的家人非常感动。 【11 题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：图片中的这只忠诚的狗狗和躺在医院的病床上主人告别，因为 他病得很重。A. valuable 有价值的贵重的；B. dangerous 危险的；C. faithful 忠实的，忠诚的； D. curious 好奇的。根据上文 The dog, named Rusty, always does what the man wants it to do.可知 此处表示狗是忠诚的。故选 C。 【12 题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：图片中的这只忠诚的狗狗和躺在医院的病床上主人告别，因为他 病得很重。A. master 大师，主人；B. manager 经理，管理者；C. holder 持有人，所有人；D. boss 老板，首领，工头。根据上文 The patient is a man who is the dog’s owner.可知忠诚的狗狗和躺在 医院的病床上主人告别。故选 A。 【13 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：这名男子的姐姐 Emily 在社交网站 Reddit 上发布了这张照片。A. changed 改变；B. drew 画，牵引；C. posted 贴出，发布，邮寄；D. updated 更新。根据上文 A picture with a dog in a hospital room visiting a patient has recently attracted the attention of millions of people.可知此处表示在社交网站 Reddit 上发布了这张照片。故选 C。 【14 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：这张照片被分享、撰写和评论了数千次。A. published 出版，发行； B. shared 分享；C. printed 印刷，出版；D. described 描述，描写。根据 written about and commented on thousands of times.可知此处表示这张照片被分享了。故选 B。 【15 题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：成千上万的陌生人打开了他们的钱包，帮助这个垂死的人的家人 应付医院里不断增加的账单。A. officers 军官，人员；B. strangers 陌生人；C. visitors 游客；D. doctors 医生。根据下文 To see these people who don’t know whom they are donating money to 可 知此处表示是陌生人帮助了他的家人应付医院里不断增加的账单。故选 B。 【16 题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：成千上万的陌生人打开了他们的钱包，帮助这个垂死的人的家 人支付医院里不断增加的账单。A. dying 垂死的，临终时的；B. recovering 恢复的；C. sleeping 睡着的；D. crying 嚎哭的。根据上文 It is obvious that he is coming to the end of his life.可知此处 表示这个男子是垂死的人。故选 A。 【17 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他在 13 岁时首次被诊断出患有一种罕见的癌症，这种癌症会攻击 人体的软组织、骨骼和其他部位。A. detected 发现，探测，检测；B. decided 决定；C. operated 运转，操作，运行；D. identified 鉴定，辨别。根据 a rare form of cancer 可知此处表示被诊断出 患有一种罕见的癌症。故选 D。 【18 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他在 13 岁时首次被诊断出患有一种罕见的癌症，这种癌症会攻击 人体的软组织、骨骼和其他部位。A. discovers 发现；B. prevents 阻止，预防；C. attacks 攻击； D. crashes 猛撞，奔溃，坠落。根据 soft tissue, bones as well as other parts of the human body 可知 此处表示这种癌症会攻击人体的软组织、骨骼和其他部位。故选 C。 【19 题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Emily 说：“他很痛苦，但他努力表现得很舒服，这样别人就不 会那么担心他了。”A. responsible 负责的，可靠的；B. reliable 可靠的，可信赖的；C. changeable 无常的，可变化的；D. comfortable 舒服的，舒适的。根据 so that he can make others worry less about him 可知此处表示他努力表现得很舒服。故选 D。 【20 题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：朋友和家人悲伤地前来道别。A. normally 正常地，通常地；B. sadly 悲伤地；C. simply 仅仅，简单地；D. secretly 秘密地，背地里。根据根据常识以及 to say their goodbyes 可知此处表示悲伤地前来道别。故选 B。 21 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：这张照片是由 Mike 的哥哥 John 拍摄的。照片中，Petrosino 家的 狗 Rusty 来到 Mike 的病床前，显示了这是一次非常特别的告别。A. showed 显示；B. developed 发展；C. expected 预期，盼望；D. explained 解释。根据 one very special goodbye 可知此处表示 【显示了这是一次非常特别的告别。故选 A。 【22 题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Emily 说，全世界人们对这张照片的反应“令人惊讶”。A. promising 有希望的，有前途的；B. amusing 有趣的，好玩的；C. interesting 有趣的；D. amazing 令人惊 讶的。根据下文 More than $30,000 has been ____14____ so far.可知此处表示全世界人们对这张 照片的反应“令人惊讶”。故选D。 【23 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：Emily 说，全世界人们对这张照片的反应“令人惊讶”。A. responded 回答，回报；B. applied 应用；C. referred 参考，查阅；D. replied 报复。根据 Many people followed the photo to the family’s to Funding page.可知此处表示全世界对这张照片的反应。故选 A。 【24 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：到目前为止，已经筹集了 3 万多美元。A. earned 赚，挣得；B. achieved 实现，达到；C. raised 筹集，提高，举起；D. delivered 递送，发表。根据 More than $30,000 可 知此处表示筹集到了 3 万多美元。故选 C。 【25 题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Emily 说：“看到这些不知道自己在给谁捐款的人，真的很令人 感动。”A. touching 令人感动的，令人同情的；B. embarrassing 令人为难的；C. annoying 讨厌 的，恼人的；D. relaxing 令人放松的。根据 To see these people who don’t know whom they are donating money to 可知这是令人感动的。故选 A。 【26 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：“我们都很感激。”A. practice 练习，实践；B. appreciate 欣赏， 感激；C. imagine 想象，猜想；D. experience 经验，经历。根据常识可知，对于别人的帮助， 自然是表示感激。故选 B。 【27 题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这是一张很棒的照片。你可以看到这张照片里有很多爱。A. passion 激情，热情；B. love 爱；C. danger 危险；D. sympathy 同情。根据 I 上文可知，很多人项迈克 捐了款，所以张照片里承载着很多的爱。故选 B。 【28 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：当你看到能穿透这种情绪的东西时，它真的会击中你的内心。A. reminds 提醒；B. warns 警告；C. recalls 召回；D. hits 击中。根据 something that cuts through the emotion 可知此处表示击中你的内心。故选 D。 【29 题详解】 考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：一辆救护车很快就会来接 Mike，把他带回家过圣诞节。A. bring up 提出，教育，养育；B. wake up 醒过来；C. pick up 接送，捡起，获得；D. dress up 打扮，装 扮。根据 to bring him home for Christmas 可知此处表示一辆救护车送 Mike 回家过圣诞节。故 选 C。 【30 题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：世界上有那么多好人。A. pitiful 可怜的，令人同情的；B. thankful 感谢的；C. useful 有用的，有益的；D. wonderful 极好的，精彩的。根据 Again thank you all for your donations and kind words and prayers...可知此处表示世界上有那么多好人。故选 D。 【点睛】完形填空的解题技巧之一就是要根据上下文来学会“推理”出最佳选项。同学们要 遵循“上下求索”的原则来查找信息。例如，第 3 小题要求 Emily 什么了这张照片，根据 A picture with a dog in a hospital room visiting a patient has recently attracted the attention of millions of people 可知此处表示这名男子的姐姐 Emily 在社交网站 Reddit 上发布了这张照片。故选 C 项。 还能根据生活常识进行解答。例如，第 10 小题要求判断朋友和家人来道别的状态，根据常识 和句中 to say their goodbyes 可知此处表示朋友和家人是悲伤地前来道别。故选 B 项。 第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，40 分） 第一节（共 15 小题；每小题 2 分，共 30 分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答 题卡上将该项涂黑。 A Probably you have visited Disney somewhere, but have you ever visited Disney in Florida of American We strongly recommend you to visit it and this article provides some ideas to help you. There are two activities for you to choose in Florida. One is Walt Disney World in the city of Orlando, and the other is Disney Cruise Line, situated in the city of Cape Canaveral on the Atlantic Coast. Choose the time when you want to go. The best times to go to Disney in Florida are: ● Mid-November through mid-December (except the week of Thanksgiving Day). The weather is usually cool but pleasant, the Christmas decorations are up and special events are running. Besides, there are not so many people in there during this time, except crowds on Saturdays, especially at the Magic Kingdom. ● Second week of January through mid-February. It is cool at this time of year. This is one of the least busy times of year and hotel prices are lower. However, some events will be closed at this time of year. The first week of January can be busy due to extended holiday vacations and the Walt Disney World Marathon. Avoid any holiday weekends. ● First three weeks of May. The weather is warm in May. Crowds and hotel prices are suitable. Memorial Day weekend will be more crowded, but not often as bad as you might imagine. ● Late August and entire month of September. We don t suggest you choose this time to visit it because it will be extremely hot, and this is the peak hurricane season. However, crowds are low during this time and you can visit water parks. Some hotels usually have their rock-bottom deals during this period and Disney has offered “free dinner” in this time each year since 2017. 31. The two activities are in ________ of America. A. different towns B. different states C. the same state D. the same city 32. You can choose ________ to go to visit if you want a lower hotel price. A. Mid-November B. Mid-February C. Late August D. First three weeks of May 33. The main purpose of this passage is to ________. A. encourage people to visit Disney in winter B. introduce how people can go to Disney easily C. tell us something about Disney in different countries D. recommend us suitable time to visit Disney in Florida 【答案】31. C 32. B 33. D 【解析】 这是一篇应用文。文章为我们推荐了一个合适的时间去参观佛罗里达州的迪斯尼乐园。 【31 题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段 There are two activities for you to choose in Florida. One is Walt Disney World in the city of Orlando, and the other is Disney Cruise Line, situated in the city of Cape Canaveral on the Atlantic Coast.在佛罗里达州有两项活动供你选择。一个是奥兰多市的迪斯尼乐 园，另一个是位于大西洋海岸卡纳维拉尔角的迪斯尼游轮公司。可知，这两个活动在美国的同一个州。故选 C 项。 【32 题详解】 细节理解题。根据第五段中 Second week of January through mid-February. It is cool at this time of year. This is one of the least busy times of year and hotel prices are lower. 1 月第二周至 2 月中旬。 每年的这个时候天气很凉爽。这是一年中最不繁忙的时间之一，酒店价格也更低。可知，如 果你想要一个较低的酒店价格，你可以选择 2 月中旬去参观。故选 B 项。 【33 题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段 Probably you have visited Disney somewhere, but have you ever visited Disney in Florida of American We strongly recommend you to visit it and this article provides some ideas to help you. 你可能去过迪斯尼的某个地方，但是你去过美国佛罗里达州的迪斯尼乐园吗？ 我们强烈推荐你去那里看看，这篇文章提供了一些建议来帮助你。可知，这篇文章的主要目 的是为我们推荐一个合适的时间去参观佛罗里达州的迪斯尼乐园。故选 D 项。 B Cory Nichols’ whole life changed after he watched the documentary (纪录片) Hard Times: Lost on Long Island. This documentary follows four different families over six months as they struggle with unemployment. Cory knew he had to help any way that he could. He founded an organization named “C the Difference”. The first step of his charity was to advertise. Using his own money, Cory had orange bracelets (手链) made. Now, he has sold the bracelets. A lot of people who are willing to donate bought them. “We’ve gotten donations from $5 to $500,” Cory said. “Every dollar really helps.” Since founding the organization “C the Difference”, Cory has gotten the word out through e-mail and social media. He has managed to get upwards of $7,500, and the amount will keep rising each month. For Cory, his work is truly rewarding, and he loves knowing that people less fortunate than him are really benefiting from all the donations. Once he said, “I was in the pantry (食品室) one time when a woman was taking food, and she was grateful for what I was doing. That made me feel great.” Cory’s work has been truly remarkable. These past years he was recognized for “C the Difference” and was a recipient (获得者) of the New York State Prudential Spirit of Community Award. Cory was honored when he found out the news, and even more shocked when he found out that he was one of only 102 winners out of the 28,000 applicants. As a recipient, Cory got to travel to Washington D.C. with the other winners.There are bright things in Cory’s future. First, he wants to keep doing well in school. “I think school is really important to be successful in life.” In addition, Cory wants to keep “C the Difference” going through high school. “I am continuing to get donations, and to get younger kids and my peers involved to help each month.” 34. After watching the documentary, Cory ________. A. set up a charity organization B. found a job in Long Island C. donated money immediately D. felt the documentary interesting 35. Cory tried to raise enough money by ________. A. wearing a ring and a bracelet B. phoning to his friends C. spreading the word out D. collecting from his classmates 36. Cory felt ________ after he knew he was given an award. A. embarrassed and surprised B. interested and delighted C. honored and shocked D. ashamed and frightened 37. We can infer from the passage that Cory will ________. A. travel in Long Island alone B. stop raising money C. study in Washington D. go on his charity 【答案】34. A 35. C 36. C 37. D 【解析】 这是一篇新闻报道。文章介绍了 Cory Nichols 创建了一个名为 C the Difference 的慈善组织， Cory 通过电子邮件和社交媒体传播该组织，筹集捐款，让那些不幸运的人真的从所有的捐赠 中受益。他出色的工作获得了社区的认可。 【34 题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段中 Cory Nichols’ whole life changed after he watched the documentary (纪 录片) Hard Times: Lost on Long Island. Cory Nichols 的整个生活在他观看了纪录片《艰难时刻： 迷 失 长 岛 》 之 后 发 生 了 改 变 ； 以 及 第 二 段 中 He founded an organization named “C the Difference”. The first step of his charity was to advertise.他成立了一个名为 C the Difference 的组 织。他慈善事业的第一步是做广告。可知，看完纪录片后，Cory 成立了一个慈善组织。故选 A 项。【35 题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段中 Since founding the organization “C the Difference”, Cory has gotten the word out through e-mail and social media.He has managed to get upwards of $7,500, and the amount will keep rising each month. 自成立 C the Difference 组织以来，Cory 通过电子邮件和社 交媒体传播了这个词。他已经筹集了 7500 多美元，而且这个数额将继续每月增加可知，Cory 试图通过传播这个词来筹集足够的资金。故选 C 项。 【36 题详解】 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中 Cory was honored when he found out the news, and even more shocked when he found out that he was one of only 102 winners out of the 28,000 applicants. Cory 得 知这个消息后感到很荣幸，但更令他震惊的是，在 28000 名申请者中，他是仅有的 102 名获 奖者之一。可知，得知自己获奖后，Cory 感到既荣幸又震惊。故选 C 项。 【37 题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段中 In addition, Cory wants to keep “C the Difference” going through high school. “I am continuing to get donations, and to get younger kids and my peers involved to help each month.” 此外，Cory 还想让 C the Difference 贯穿整个高中。“我还在继续接受捐款，每个 月都让更小的孩子和我的同龄人参与帮忙。”可知，我们可以从文章中推断 Cory 将继续他的 慈善事业。故选 D 项。 C Languages have been coming and going for thousands of years, but in recent time there has been less coming and a lot more going. When the world was still populated by hunter-gatherers, small, tightly knit (联系) groups developed their own patterns of speech independent of each other. Some language experts believe that 10,000 years ago, when the world had just five to ten million people, they spoke perhaps 12,000 languages between them. Soon afterwards, many of those people started settling down to become farmers, and their languages too became more settled and fewer in number. In recent centuries, trade, industrialization, the development of the nation-state and the spread of universal compulsory education, especially globalization and better communications in the past few decades, all have caused many languages to disappear, and dominant (占优势的) languages such as English, Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over. At present, the world has about 6,800 languages. The distribution of these languages is hugely uneven. The general rule is that mild zones have relatively few languages, often spoken by many people while hot, wet zones have lots, often spoken by small numbers. Europe has only around 200 languages; the America about 1,000; Africa 2,400; and Asia and the Pacific perhaps 3,200, of which Papua New Cuinea alone accounts for well over 800. The median number (中位数) of speakers is a mere 6,000, which means that half the world’s languages are spoken by fewer people than that. Already well over 400 of the total of 6,800 languages are close to extinction (消亡), with only a few elderly speakers left. Pick, at random, Busuu in Cameroon (8 remaining speakers), Chiapaneco in Mexico (150), Lipan Apache in the United States (2 or 3) or Wadjigu in Australia (1, with a question-mark); none of these seems to have much chance of survival. 38. What can we learn about language development from the passage? A. Globalization has brought about more new languages. B. Settling down makes people develop more kinds of languages. C. Education is one of the reasons for some languages’ disappearance. D. Around 1,000 languages only have a few elderly speakers left. 39. What does he underlined word “ uneven” in Paragraph 3 probably means A. Not equal. B. Not narrow. C. Not limited. D. Not good. 40. About how many kinds of languages are spoken by less than 6,000 people at present? A. 6800. B. 2,400. C. 3,400. D. 1,200. 41. What is mainly discussed in the passage? A. Human being has created a great number of languages. B. Language disappearance leads to the extinction of some cultures. C. Geography is one factor of language evolution. D. Globalized events cause languages to be fewer. 【答案】38. C 39. A 40. C 41. D 【解析】 这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了语言减少甚至灭绝的现象，并分析了其原因。 【38 题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中 In recent centuries, trade, industrialization, the development of the nation-state and the spread of universal compulsory education, especially globalization and better communications in the past few decades, all have caused many languages to disappear, and dominant (占优势的) languages such as English, Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over. 近几个世纪 以来，贸易、工业化、民族国家的发展和义务教育的普及，尤其是全球化和过去几十年更好 的交流，都导致许多语言消失，占优势的语言如英语、西班牙语和汉语正在日益取代它们。 可知，教育是一些语言消失的原因之一。故选 C 项。 【39 题详解】 词义猜测题。根据第三段中 The distribution of these languages is hugely uneven. The general rule is that mild zones have relatively few languages, often spoken by many people while hot, wet zones have lots, often spoken by small numbers. 这些语言 分布极其________。一般的规律是，温和地 区的语言相对较少，通常由许多人使用；而炎热、潮湿地区的语言较多，通常由少数人使用。 由对比温和地区和炎热、潮湿地区的语言数目，可知，语言分布是不平衡的，因此猜测划线 词 uneven 意为“不平衡的”。故选A 项。 【40 题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段中 At present, the world has about 6,800 languages. … The median number (中位数) of speakers is a mere 6,000, which means that half the world’s languages are spoken by fewer people than that. 目前，世界上大约有 6800 种语言。……平均使用人数只有 6000 人， 这意味着世界上有一半的语言使用人数比这还要少。可知，目前大约有 3400 种语言的使用者 少于 6000 人。故选 C 项。 【41 题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第一段中 Languages have been coming and going for thousands of years, but in recent time there has been less coming and a lot more going. 语言的产生和消失已经有几千年的历 史了，但在最近的时间里，出现的语言越来越少，消失的语言却越来越多；以及第二段中 In recent centuries, trade, industrialization, the development of the nation-state and the spread of universal compulsory education, especially globalization and better communications in the past few decades, all have caused many languages to disappear, and dominant (占优势的) languages such as English, Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over. 近几个世纪以来，贸易、工业化、民族 国家的发展和义务教育的普及，尤其是全球化和过去几十年更好的交流，都导致许多语言消 失，占优势的语言如英语、西班牙语和汉语正在日益取代他们。可知，本文主要介绍并分析 了语言减少甚至灭绝的现象和原因，因此选项 D“全球化事件导致语言更少”符合题意。故选 的D 项。 D You can take fish oil supplements (补充剂). You can invest in a language class, books, or a few hours of exercise every week. There are countless methods to improve your memory. But the cheapest, easiest, and most time-tested way to make your brain think is—reading. There’s something astonishing about how such an ordinary activity can improve your brain in so many ways. The most basic impact occurs in the area associated with language reception in your brain. Processing written material—from the letters to the words to the sentences to the stories themselves—get the neurons (神经元) to attention as they start the work of transporting all that information. “Typically, when you read, you have more time to think.” says Maryanne Wolf, director of the UCLA Center for Diverse Learners. “Reading gives you a unique pause button for comprehension and insight. By and large, with oral language—when you watch a film or listen to a tape—you don’t press pause.” And the benefits of reading continue long after you’ve put down that great book. A small study at Emory University found that some of those benefits lasted for five days. “We call that a shadow activity, almost like a muscle memory,” says Gregory Berns, PhD, director of the Center for Neuron Policy at Emory. OK, you say, it’s hardly surprising that the language part of the brain would get a workout from reading. But reading also makes the region responsible for motor activity—the central sulcus (中央 沟)—energetic. That’s because the brain is a play actor. You may not actually be riding a horse when you’re reading Seabiscuit, but your brain acts as if it is. And the more parts of your brain that get a workout, the better it is for your overall cognitive (认知的) performance. Generally speaking, close literary reading, like a Jane Austen novel, in particular gives your brain a major workout, as opposed to the more limited effects that come from more leisurely reading. What if you are a poor, or even a dyslexic reader who feels as if you’ll never be able to read enough to gain these benefits? The study shows the ability to read closely is something that needs to be developed. In her new book, Reader, Come Home, Wolf notes that even she, who reads for a living, has found her ability to concentrate on the written word weakening as more of what we read is on a screen. That sets up a negative cycle: Without the continuing exercise of our reading “muscles”, the brain loses its ability to control the complex processes that allow us to read deeply.Of course, there’s an easy solution: Turn off your phone and your computer, set aside a good hour or two — and just read. 42. Which is NOT TRUE about readings? A. Reading and speaking can equally make our brain sharp. B. The benefits of reading don’t disappear immediately. C. Reading classics can exercise our brain more than daily newspapers. D. We should avoid too much reading on our mobile phones. 43. The book Seabiscuit in Paragraph 4 is probably about ________. A. how our brain works in reading B. the life story of Jane Austen C. how to exercise and keep fit D. the story of a champion racing horse 44. What does the underlined word “dyslexic” in Paragraph 5 probably means? A. Active B. Enthusiastic C. Difficult D. Careful 45. The passage is written to ________. A. show how to improve your reading comprehension B. assess the results of keeping long—time reading C. analyze the function of different parts of our brain D. explain the benefits of reading on our brain 【答案】42. A 43. D 44. C 45. D 【解析】 这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了阅读能改善你大脑的记忆力。建议读者关掉你的手机和电脑， 留出一两个小时好好读书。 【42 题详解】 细 节 理 解 题 。 根 据 第 一 段 中 There are countless methods to improve your memory. But the cheapest, easiest, and most time-tested way to make your brain think is—reading. 有无数的方法可以 提高你的记忆力。但是让你的大脑思考的最便宜、最简单、最久经考验的方法就是阅读。可 知，阅读是让你的大脑思考的最便宜、最简单、最久经考验的方法，因此选项 A“阅读和说话 同样可以使我们的大脑敏锐。”是错误的。故选 A 项。 【43 题详解】 推 理 判 断 题 。 根 据 第 四 段 中 You may not actually be riding a horse when you’re reading Seabiscuit, but your brain acts as if it is. 当你在阅读《奔腾年代》的时候，你可能并没有真的在骑 马，但是你的大脑却表现得好像真的在骑马一样。可知，《奔腾年代》可能是关于冠军赛马的 故事。故选 D 项。 【44 题详解】 词义猜测题。根据第五段中 What if you are a poor, or even a dyslexic reader who feels as if you’ll never be able to read enough to gain these benefits? The study shows the ability to read closely is something that needs to be developed. 如果你是一个低于正常水平的，甚至是一个________读者， 觉得你永远无法读到足够多的东西来获得这些好处？这项研究表明，仔细阅读的能力是需要 培养的。因此猜测划线词意为“有阅读困难的”，故选C 项。 【45 题详解】 推 理 判 断 题 。 根 据 第 一 段 中 There are countless methods to improve your memory. But the cheapest, easiest, and most time-tested way to make your brain think is—reading. 有无数的方法可以 提高你的记忆力。但是让你的大脑思考的最便宜、最简单、最久经考验的方法就是阅读；以 及第四段中 And the more parts of your brain that get a workout, the better it is for your overall cognitive (认知的) performance.你大脑中锻炼的部分越多，你的整体认知表现就越好。再通读 全文，可知本文主要讲述了阅读能改善你大脑的记忆力，因此这篇文章是为了说明阅读对我 们大脑的好处。故选 D 项。 第二节（共 5 小题；每小题 2 分，共 10 分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有 两项为多余选项。 We’ve all heard that breakfast is the most important meal of the day, and that may actually be true. A study of more than 50,000 adults aged 30 and older found that breakfast eaters were more likely to lose weight than those who didn’t eat a morning meal. To have a satisfying and nutritious breakfast, these tips will help you really rise and shine: Eat even if you’re not hungry. Although you might not feel like eating first thing in the morning, it’s a good idea to get something into your system. Eating within 90 minutes of waking up will jump- start your body and keep you from getting hungry later. ___46___ Go boring. Varying what you eat is a good idea in theory. ___47___A 2014 British study found that people who allowed their breakfast calories to rise and fall (as measured by a five-day diet diary) had larger waists than folks who kept their morning calorie intake constant, no matter how much they ate the rest of the day. Go big. There’s an old saying that advises “Eat breakfast like a king, lunch like a prince, and dinner like a beggar.” It’s worth following. According to a study of 93 overweight women, those who ate a balanced 700-calorie breakfast over a 12-week period lowered their blood sugar and blood pressure two times more than people who ate a 200-calorie meal. ___48___ Always pick a protein. A review of recent studies in the health journal Advances in Nutrition found the function of protein. ___49___Shapiro recommends eggs, nut butter, or cheese (which is generally a little lower in sugar than yogurt) to give your breakfast a protein boost. Embrace fat. Actually, fat isn’t the main enemy to weight loss success—sugar is. Fat is digested slowly by the body and helps decrease the rate at which we digest and break down carbohydrates (碳水化合物). ___50___So you need some fat (at least 1 to 2 percent) to help your body absorb those nutrients more efficiently. A. It can also dissolve and break down vitamins A and D. B. Just a banana will do the trick. C. A variety of foods are mouth-watering and full of nutrition. D. The breakfast needs to be high in protein. E. But you’d better stick with the same old menu for your weight. F. They also lost an average of 19.2 pounds. G. High level of it in breakfast can reduce hunger later in the day. 【答案】46. B 47. E 48. F 49. G 50. A 【解析】 【分析】 这是一篇说明文。研究发现，吃早餐的人比不吃早餐的人更容易减肥，因此文章提出了一些 小贴士让你拥有一顿令人满意且营养丰富的早餐。 【46 题详解】根据上一句 Eating within 90 minutes of waking up will jump- start your body and keep you from getting hungry later. 起床后 90 分钟内吃东西会让你的身体开始运转，让你以后不会感到饥饿。 可知，此处内容与起床后吃点东西有关，选项 B“只要一根香蕉就行了。”符合语境。故选 B。 【47 题详解】 根据上一句 Varying what you eat is a good idea in theory.理论上来说，改变饮食习惯是个 好主意。以及下一句 A 2014 British study found that people who allowed their breakfast calories to rise and fall (as measured by a five-day diet diary) had larger waists than folks who kept their morning calorie intake constant, no matter how much they ate the rest of the day.2014 年英国的一项研究发现， 早餐摄入的卡路里量起起伏伏(通过五天的饮食日记来衡量)的人比那些早上摄入卡路里量恒 定的人腰围更大，不管他们在一天剩下的时间里吃了多少。可知，此处内容与按照体重标准 吃东西有关，选项 E“但是你最好还是按照以前的体重标准来吃。”与上文为转折关系且承接 下文。故选 E。 【48 题详解】 根据上一句 According to a study of 93 overweight women, those who ate a balanced 700-calorie breakfast over a 12-week period lowered their blood sugar and blood pressure two times more than people who ate a 200-calorie meal. 根据一项对 93 名超重女性的研究，那些在 12 周内吃了 700 卡路里均衡早餐的人，其血糖和血压的降低程度是吃了 200 卡路里早餐的人的两倍。可知， 此处内容与吃均衡早餐带来的好处有关，选项 F 中的代词 They 指的是上文的 those who ate a balanced 700-calorie breakfast over a 12-week period，因此选项 F“他们的体重也平均下降了 19.2 磅。”符合语境。故选 F。 【49 题详解】 根据上一句 A review of recent studies in the health journal Advances in Nutrition found the function of protein. 健康杂志《营养进展》最近的一篇研究综述发现了蛋白质的功能。可知，此处内容 与蛋白质的功能有关，选项 G“早餐中高水平的蛋白质可以减少一天中晚些时候的饥饿感。” 符合语境。故选 G。 【50 题详解】 根据上一句 Fat is digested slowly by the body and helps decrease the rate at which we digest and break down carbohydrates (碳水化合物).脂肪被身体慢慢消化，有助于降低我们消化和分解碳水 化合物的速度。可知，此处内容与脂肪的作用有关，选项 A 中的代词 It 指的是上文的 Fat，因此选项 A“它还可以溶解和分解维生素 A 和 D。”符合语境。故选 A。 【点睛】七选五的解题技巧之一是根据上下文词汇来锁定线索。即：要关注空白前后的名词 和动词，然后在选项中查找它们的近义词、反义词、同义词、同类词等。其次是一些专有名 词，比如说数词、代词、时间、年代、地点/名称等。在本文中，第 3 小题中选项 F 中的代词 They 指的是上文的 those who ate a balanced 700-calorie breakfast over a 12-week period，第 5 小题中选 项 A 中的代词 It 指的是上文的 Fat，因此能选出答案。 第三部分：书面表达（共两节，35 分） 第一节（15 分） 51.假设你是红星中学高三学生李华，你的英国笔友 Jim 在给你的邮件中说想了解北京空气质 量方面的情况。请你给他回复邮件，内容包括： 1. 空气变好； 2. 变好原因； 3. 你的感受。 注意：1. 词数不少于 50； 2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Dear Jim, I’m glad that you’re concerned with the air quality in Beijing and I’m eager to tell you some details. It’s obvious that the air quality in Beijing is getting better and better due to our concerted efforts. On the one hand, more and more Chinese are willing to take public transportations instead of private cars, which can reduce the burning of fuels. On the other hand, our government has taken effective measures to control air pollution such as banning smoking and punishing illegal factories. To my delight, our efforts count. I really appreciate the cleaner air nowadays and I’m confident about a brighter future of air quality in Beijing. I hope my introduction can be of good use for you. If you want to know more, please let me know. Best wishes. Yours, Li Hua 【解析】 【分析】 本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生写一封邮件，向英国笔友 Jim 介绍北京空气质量方面的情 况。 【详解】第一步：审题 体裁：应用文 人称：第一、三人称； 时态：根据提示，时态应为一般现在时； 要点： 1. 空气变好； 2. 变好原因； 3. 你的感受。 第二步：列提纲 （重点词组） be concerned with；air quality；be eager to；due to；be willing to；take public transportations； instead of；take effective measures；air pollution；such as；be of good use；to one’s delight 等 第三步：连词成句 1. I’m glad that you’re concerned with the air quality in Beijing and I’m eager to tell you some details. 2. It’s obvious that the air quality in Beijing is getting better and better due to our concerted efforts. 3. More and more Chinese are willing to take public transportations instead of private cars, which can reduce the burning of fuels. 4. Our government has taken effective measures to control air pollution such as banning smoking and punishing illegal factories. 5. I really appreciate the cleaner air nowadays and I’m confident about a brighter future of air quality in Beijing. 6. I hope my introduction can be of good use for you. 7. If you want to know more, please let me know.根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。 第四步：连句成篇（衔接词） 1.表并列补充关系：and； 2.表转折对比关系：On the one hand…On the other hand…； 3.表因果关系：due to； 4.表示条件关系：if； 连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰， 第五步：润色修改 【点睛】范文内容完整，要点全面，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当，上下文意思连贯，符 合逻辑关系。作者在范文中使用了较多高分句型，如：I’m glad that you’re concerned with the air quality in Beijing and I’m eager to tell you some details.使用了由 that 引导的宾语从句和由 and 连 接的并列句；It’s obvious that the air quality in Beijing is getting better and better due to our concerted efforts.使用了 it 作形式主语和 that 从句作真正主语；more and more Chinese are willing to take public transportations instead of private cars, which can reduce the burning of fuels. 使 用了由 which 引导的非限制性定语从句；I really appreciate the cleaner air nowadays and I’m confident about a brighter future of air quality in Beijing.使用了由 and 连接的并列句；I hope my introduction can be of good use for you. 使用了省略 that 的宾语从句；If you want to know more, please let me know.使用了由 if 引导的状语从句等。还使用了一些固定短语，如：be concerned with；be eager to；due to；be willing to；take public transportations；instead of；take effective measures；such as；to one’s delight 等。全文中没有中国式英语的句式，显示了很高的驾驭英语 的能力。另外，文章思路清晰、层次分明，上下句转换自然，为文章增色添彩。 第二节（20 分） 52.假设你是红星中学高三学生李华，你们班上周组织了一次以“感受工匠精神”为主题的社 会实践活动。请根据以下四幅图的先后顺序，写一篇英文日记，记述你们在北京木制文化传 承园活动的全过程。 注意：词数不少于 60。 提示词：北京木制文化传承园 Beijing Wood Culture Inheritance Garden 工匠 craftsman________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Last week was memorable because our class organized an activity called “Feel the Spirit of Craftsmen”. Early in the morning the school bus took us to the Beijing Wood Culture Inheritance Garden. On arrival, the guide showed us around the exhibition hall, giving a specific introduction about Beijing wood culture, which drew our attention and aroused everyone’s interest. After that, with the help of an expert, we couldn’t wait to try ourselves. We worked together to make a chair. Besides, we experienced the best way to carve Chinese characters on a piece of wood. It was such a wonderful and meaningful day that we benefited lot. On the way back, we shared our art works and feelings in our WeChat group. I hope our class can organize more activities like this. 【解析】 【分析】 本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生写一篇英文日记，记述班级同学在北京木制文化传承园 活动的全过程。【详解】第一步：审题 体裁：应用文 人称：第一人称和第三人称； 时态：根据提示，时态应为一般过去时； 要点： 1.描述活动的地点，时间，出行的方式等 2.描述活动的过程； 3.简述感受。 第二步：列提纲 （重点词组） Feel the Spirit of Craftsmen；Beijing Wood Culture Inheritance Garden；craftsman；exhibition hall；draw one’s attention；arouse one’s interest；with the help of；couldn’t wait to；work together；Chinese characters；a piece of wood；benefit；on the way；art works 等 第三步：连词成句 1. Last week was memorable because our class organized an activity called “Feel the Spirit of Craftsmen”. 2. The school bus took us to the Beijing Wood Culture Inheritance Garden. 3. On arrival, the guide showed us around the exhibition hall, giving a specific introduction about Beijing wood culture, which drew our attention and aroused everyone’s interest. 4. With the help of an expert, we couldn’t wait to try ourselves. 5. We experienced the best way to carve Chinese characters on a piece of wood. 6. It was such a wonderful and meaningful day that we benefited lot. 7. We shared our art works and feelings in our WeChat group. 8. I hope our class can organize more activities like this. 根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。 第四步：连句成篇（衔接词） 1.表文章结构顺序：Early in the morning；After； 2.表并列补充关系：and；Besides； 3.表因果关系：because； 连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰，第五步：润色修改 【点睛】范文内容完整，要点全面，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当，上下文意思连贯，符 合逻辑关系。作者在范文中使用了较多高分句型，如：Last week was memorable because our class organized an activity called “Feel the Spirit of Craftsmen”.使用了由 because 引导的状语从句和过 去分词作定语；On arrival, the guide showed us around the exhibition hall, giving a specific introduction about Beijing wood culture, which drew our attention and aroused everyone’s interest. 使 用了现在分词作状语和由 which 引导的非限制性定语从句；It was such a wonderful and meaningful day that we benefited lot.使用了结果状语从句；I hope our class can organize more activities like this.使用了省略 that 的宾语从句等。还使用了一些固定短语，如：draw one’s attention；arouse one’s interest；with the help of；couldn’t wait to；work together；on the way 等。 文章思路清晰、层次分明，上下句转换自然，为文章增色添彩。