小升初专项梳理(一)
词汇
代词一、人称代词
人称 主格 宾格
我 I me第一人称
我们 we us
你 you you第二人称
你们 you you
他 he him
她 she her
第三人称
它 it it
他们、她们 它们 they them
代词二、物主代词
形容词性物主代词 名词性物主代词
my(我的) mine(我的+名词)
our(我们的) ours(我们的+名词)
your(你(们)的) yours(你(们)的+名词)
his(他的) his(他的+名词)
her(她的) hers(她的+名词)
its(它的) its(它的+名词)
their(他/她/它们的) theirs(他/她/它们的+名词)
举例:my dog=mine It’s my dog./ The dog is mine.
名词一:名词变复数(只有可数名词才有复数)
1)一般情况直接加 s book-books
2) 以 s, x,sh,ch 结尾的加 es bus-buses
重点:这两个以 o 结尾的也加 es potato-potatoes tomato-tomatoes
3)辅音字母+y 结尾变 y 为 i 加 es family-families
4)以 f(fe)结尾常变 f(fe)为 v 加 es leaf-leaves
5)有些名词本身就只有复数性质 shorts(短裤)、clothes(衣服)、pants(长裤).
6)不规则变化(加强记忆)
man-men; woman-women; mouse-mice; child-children; foot-feet;
tooth-teeth; goose-geese; sheep-sheep
名词二:不可数名词的量表示方法: 1)some, much ,a little ,a lot of ,lots of +不可数名词,表示多少。
2)既可以与可数名词复数,又可以与不可数名词连用的有:
some /a lot of /lots of /any
等。 There is some water in the bottle .瓶子里有一些水。
There are some books on the desk. 课桌上有一些书。
3)用【数词+量词+of + 可数名词】表示,即 a .. of 表示。
a pair of shoes(一双鞋)/ two pairs of shoes(两双鞋)
名词三:名词的所有格
有些名词的可以加来表示所有关系,带这种词尾的名词的形式称为该名词的所有格。
1)单数名词词尾加's, 复数名词词尾如没有 s,也要加's。Jim's mother(吉姆的母
亲)、children's books(儿童书籍)
2)若名词已有复数词尾-s,只加’即可。如 the students' books 学生们的书
数词(基数词和序数词)
表示顺序的词为序数词,它由基数词变为序数词方法如下:
构成方法 示例
一般情况加 th four---fourth
整十将基数词词尾 y 变为 ie, 再加
th
twenty---twentieth
两位以上的基数词,仅将个位数变成
序数词
twenty-one
twenty-first
特殊情况特殊记
one-first; two-second; three-third;
five-fifth;
eight-eighth; nine-ninth;
twelve-twelfth
冠词
1) a 用于辅音读音开头名词前表示一(件,个…)
2) an 用于元音读音开头名词前,表示一(件, 个…)
3)它和名次连用表示某个或某些特指的人或物。它在辅音读音前读【ðə】,在元音读音
前读【ði:】。
4)球类运动前不加 the, 乐器前必须加 the.
同义词
student---pupil(学生) start---begin(开始) street---road(道路)
near---next to(附近) shop---buy(购买) fast---quick(快的)同音词
反义词
new(新的)- --old(旧的) thin(瘦的)---fat/heavy(胖的)
tall(高的)---short(矮的) long(长的)---short(短的)
big(大的)---small(小的) near(近的)---far(远的)
find(找到)---lost(丢失) quiet(文静的)---active(活泼的)
kind(友善的)---strict(严厉的) hot(热的)---cold(冷的)
go(走)---stop(停) young(年轻的)--- old(年老的)
finish(结束)--- begin/start(开始) early(早的)---late(晚的)
left(左)--- right(右) easy(容易的)---difficult(困难的)
cheap(便宜的)---expensive(昂贵的)
对应词
brother(哥哥弟弟)---sister(姐姐妹妹) uncle(叔叔)--- aunt(阿姨)
grandfather(外(祖)父--- grandmother
(外(祖)母)
man(男士) ---woman(女士)
mother(妈妈)--- father(爸爸) this(这个) ---that(那个)
morning(早上)--- evening(傍晚) tomorrow(明天)--- yesterday(昨
天)
daughter(女儿)--- son(儿子) these(这些)--- those(那些)
动词单三(动词由原形变为第三人称单数)
1)一般直接加 s read---reads
beautiful---pretty(美
丽)
paint---draw(画) lesson---class(课
程)
kid---child(孩子) holiday---vacation(假
期)
enjoy---love(喜欢)
gift---present(礼物) shop---store(商店) picture---photo(照
片)
learn---study(学习)
see(看见)---sea(大海) where(哪里)---wear(穿)
know(知道)---no(不) too(也)---two(二)
meat(肉)---meet(见面) sun(太阳)---son(儿子)
for(为,给)---four(四) hour(小时)---our(我们的)
I(我)--- eye(眼睛) buy(买)---bye(再见)2)以 s. x, ch, sh 结尾加 es watch-watches
3)以 o 结尾加 es do---does
4)辅音字母+y 结尾变 y 为 i 加 es study---studies
动词的-ing 形式(现在分词)
1)一般直接加 ing read---reading
2)不发音 e 结尾去 e 加 ing have—having
3)重读闭音节,双写辅音字母加 ing
sit—sitting; get—getting; run—running
shop—shopping swim—swimming
动词过去式
1)一般直接加 ed play—played
2)e 结尾只加 d like—liked
3)辅音字母加 y 结尾变 y 为 i 加 ed study—studied
4)重读闭音节,双写辅音字母后加 ed stop—stopped
5)小学阶段出现过的不规则变化(强化记忆)
do—did; make—made; go—went have—had;
take—took; am/is—was are—were; buy—bought;
can—could drink—drank; eat—ate; fall—fell
feel—felt; find—found; get—got hurt—hurt;
read—read; see—saw sleep—slept tell—told;
wake—woke
形容词的比较级
1.一般在词尾直接加 er long—longer
2. 以不发音的字母 e 结尾的在词尾直接加 r nice—nicer
3. 以辅音字母加 y 结尾的单词,该 y 为 i 再加 er heavy—heavier
4. 重读闭音节,末尾只有一个辅音字母,双写这个辅音字母,再加 er
thin—thinner big—bigger
5. 小学阶段出现的不规则变化 good/well---better many/much---more
同步训练
一、Read and choose.选词填空。
1. Our English teacher is so______(kind/strict). We often play with her.
2. Lisa is very__________(quiet/active), she has a lot of friends.
3. I wear size 36 shoes. She wears 38 shoes. My feet are _________(bigger/ small/
smaller) than her shoes.4. Tom is ________(taller/tallest) than any other boys in our class.
5. I’m very__________(thirsty/ hungry). Let’s have some food in the restaurant
together.
6. My sister is the ________(tall/taller/tallest) girl of the three.
7. ─How tall are you?
─I ‘m 1.62 metres_________(tall/taller).
8. ─How is your mother fee ling now?
─She’s feeling _________(good/better) now.
9. Oh, taking a bus is __________(fast/faster) than walking.
10. Who is _________( strong/ stronger), Tim or Tom?
二、Read and write.用单词的正确形式填空。
1. Our classroom is on the __________(five) floor.
2. There are five_________( child) on the grass.
3. I took many __________(photo) over my holiday.
4. In autumn, you can see lots of ________(leaf) under the tree.
5. __________(I ) book is on the desk. This one is _________(your).
6. ─Would you like some _______(bread)?
─No, thank you.
7. Tree Planting Day is on March_________(twelve).
8. My brother’s __________(foot) are bigger than mine.
9. The __________(mouse)are afraid of the black cat.
10. How many _________(sheep) can you see on the farm?
三、Read a nd write.用所给动词的适当形式填空。
1. John _____________ (read) a book now
2. Look! The boys ______________. (swim)
3. What ___________(do)you ________(do)yesterday?
4. What are you going to ________(do) tomorrow?
5. My mother will ________(buy) a new bike for me next week.
6. My f ather__________(read) newspapers in the study every evening.
7. My pen pal likes_________(sing).
8. My uncle __________(go) to Hainan last holiday.
9. It’s twelve o’clock. I ___________(have) lunch with my family now.
10. Yesterday, I fell off my bike and ______(hurt) my foot.
四、Read and choose.单项选择。( )1. ─What does Mr Li do?
─He is _______ old worker.
A. an B. a C. /
( )2. She doesn’t________ any water now.
A. has B. having C. have
( )3. I _ _______short when I was only five years old.
A. am B. was C. were
( )4. ─Look! What are the children doing?
─They ___________ books under the tree.
A. is reading B. reading C. are reading
( )5. ─When is your birthday?
─It’s ________ May. It’s on May___________.
A. on; two B. in; second C. in; two
( )6. ─How many__________ are there in the picture?
─Five.
A. monkey B. sheeps C. children
( )7. ─Is the white dog ______ ______?
─No, it’s not ____________.
A. your; mine B. yours; mine C. yours; my
( )8. ─What are you going to do this Saturday?
─I’m going _____________.
A. swiming B. swim C. swimming
( )9. My brother ofte n________ books every morning.
A. reads B. read C. is reading
( )10. ─What’s your hobby?
─I like ______________ pictures.
A. draw B. draws C. drawing
答案
一、1.kind 2.active 3.smaller 4.taller 5.hungry 6.tallest 7.tall
8 .better 9.faster 10.stronger
二、1.fifth 2.children 3.photos 4.leaves 5.My, yours 6.bread 7.twelfth
8.feet 9.mice 10.sheep
三、1.is reading 2.are swimming 3.did; do 4.do 5.buy 6.reads 7.singing
8.went 9.am having 10.hurt四、1.A 2.C 3.B 4.C 5.B 6.C 7.B 8.C 9.A 10.C