2020届高三英语10月月考试卷（附解析Word版）

2019-2020 学年建平中学高三英语质量检测 I. Listening Comprehension Section A Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 1. A. Use a ladder to help her reach the cup. B. See a doctor about her shoulder. C. Put the cup on a lower shelf. D. Buy a new cupboard. 2. A. He has already called Harry. B. Harry knows most of the facts. C. He needs to talk to Harry soon. D. Harry doesn’t have a telephone. 3. A. The new doctor lacks experience. B. She disagrees with what the man said. C. The man had better talk with the patients first. D. Patients usually cannot offer a fair evaluation. 4. A. Take the man to the station. B. Look after the man’s things. C. Find out when the next bus leaves. D. Show the man the way to the station. 5. A. He was good at fixing up bookshelves. B. He helped James build up the furniture. C. James helped him arrange the furniture. D. James helped him with some of the work. 6. A. It’s difficult to take photographs indoors. B. The photo album is in the living room. C. Mary has lost the photo album. D. Mary is a good photographer. 7. A. The job’s short hours make it impossible for her to refuse. B. The job is turning into an excellent opportunity for her. C. She’s looking forward to meeting her new colleagues. D. She refused the position because of the low salary. 8. A. He had to do what is necessary in order to learn. B. He doesn’t have to memorize all the vocabulary. C. He knows the whole vocabulary list already. D. He cannot learn much by just memorizing. 9. A. It’s not the one he likes. B. He needs a smaller shirt. C. It doesn’t fit him very well. D. He hasn’t had time to try it on yet. 10. A. The line for concert tickets is too busy. B. He’s too busy to go to the concert. C. Carl knows the concert is at eight. D. He hasn’t been able to reach Carl. Section B: Passages 15% Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages, and one longer conversation and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the longer conversation. The passages and the longer conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard. Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage. 11. A. In the 19th century. B. In about 1800s. C. In the 18th century. D. In about 2400 BC. 12. A. The language used. B. The targeted readers. C. The reputation. D. The length. 13. A. The evolution of self-study books. B. The importance of self-study books. C. The difference among self-study books. D. The famous writers of self-study books. Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage. 14. A. The reasons railroad regulations in the U.S.A were changed. B. The safety record of the railroad industry in the U.S.A. C. The financing of railroad construction in the U.S.A. D. The evolution of the railroad industry in the U.S.A. 15. A. Safety problems with railroad tracks. B. The growth of the automotive industry. C. The use of oversized freight containers. D. The high cost of meeting various regulations. 16. A. It causes less air pollution than other means of transport. B. Its competitors are less considerate of customers. C. It creates great personal fortunes for investors. D. Its business is kept in a traditional way. Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following longer conversation. 17. A. To earn money for her tuition. B. To make her dream come true. C. To make preparations for her future job. D. To ensure that she has time for acting work. 18. A. Serious. B. Funny. C. Experienced. D. Demanding. 19. A. It involves many theories. B. He must get an advanced camera. C. He hasn’t learned physics before. D. It occupies much of his spare time. 20. A. He is more willing to do something. B. He has stopped working late. C. He can go to sleep early. D. He feels more relaxed. II. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A Directions: After reading the passage below fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Back to School Reform For schools in the New York City, this school year was met by a particular reform , issue. It began in June of 2018, when, as part of an effort to fight the enduring problem of segregation(种族隔离), Mayor Bill de Blasio announced his intention ____1____the testing requirement should be discontinued for admission to the city’s eight selective “élite” high schools. Then, late last month, the Advisory Group released a report ____2____ (suggest) that the city rethink its entire approach ____3____ identifying and educating high-achieving children. More accurately, it recommended replacing the gifted-and-talented programs with new initiatives ____4____challenge premature children without relying on a test or academic tracking. However, Asian-American parents fearing that the proposed change ____5____(disadvantage) their children filed a lawsuit to block it. Testing holds great attraction ___6___ it is neutral, indifferent to a student’s background and wealth. But this is not ____7____the current system functions. Success is closely related to socioeconomic advantages and access to test preparation. For example, Asian-American students tend ___8___(rate) lower on the most subjective parts of college admissions evaluations. It’s not clear what the result of the current debate will be. One thing, however, is certain: the competition for places at New York’ chools ____9____(drive), in part, by a lack of faith in the quality of education in other parts of the system. Also, it is seen as a conflict between different social groups fighting for a system in which their children are ___10___(likely) to be restricted by discrimination. 【答案】1. that 2. suggesting 3. to 4. which 5. would disadvantage 6. because 7. how 8. to be rated 9. is driven 10. the least likely 【解析】 【分析】 这是一篇说明文。文章介绍对于纽约市的学校来说，本学年遇到的一个特殊的改革问题。 【1 题详解】 考查同位语从句。句意：市长比尔·德布拉西奥(Bill de Blasio)宣布，他打算取消该市八所 精英高中的考试要求。此处名词 intention 后面是该名词的具体内容，是 that 引导的同位语 从句，故填 that。 【2 题详解】 考查现在分词作后置定语。句意：上个月底，该咨询小组发布了一份报告，建议纽约市重新 思考其识别和教育优秀儿童的整个方法。此处 report 和 suggest 之间是一种主动关系，是现 在分词作后置定语，故填 suggesting。 【3 题详解】 考查介词。句意：上个月底，该咨询小组发布了一份报告，建议纽约市重新思考其识别和教 育优秀儿童的整个方法。固定搭配：the approach to---，“------的方法”。故填 to。 【4 题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：更准确地说，它建议用新的举措取代那些天赋异禀的项目，这些举措 可以在不依赖考试或学术追踪的情况下挑战早产儿。此处 initiatives 是先行词，指物，代 入后面的定语从句中作主语，所以由 which 引导，故填 which。 【5 题详解】 考查过去将来时态。句意：然而，亚裔美国家长担心这项提议的改变会对他们的孩子不利， 于是提起诉讼阻止这项改变。此处指从过去看将要发生的事情，所以用过去将来时态，故填 would disadvantage。 【6 题详解】 考查原因状语从句。句意：考试之所以具有巨大的吸引力，是因为它是中性的，与学生的背 景和财富无关。此处表示原因，是 because 引导的原因状语从句，故填 because。 【7 题详解】 考查表语从句。句意：但这不是当前系统的运作方式。此处是表语从句，意思是“如何”，故 填 how。 【8 题详解】 考查动词不定式作宾语。句意：例如，亚裔美国学生在大学录取评估中最主观的部分往往得 分较低。固定搭配：tend to do sth.“倾向于做某事”。此处句子主语 students 和 rate 之间 是一种被动关系，故填 to be rated。 【9 题详解】 考查一般现在时态的被动语态。句意：纽约学校的入学竞争部分是由于对教育系统其他部分 的教育质量缺乏信心。句子主语 competition，是单数第三人称，和谓语动词 drive 之间是一 种被动关系，且此处指一种客观事实，所以句子用一般现在时态的被动语态，故填 is driven。 【10 题详解】 考查形容词最高级。句意：这被看作是不同社会群体之间的冲突，他们在为一个他们的孩子 最不可能受到歧视的制度而斗争。此处形容词 likely 应该用最高级，故填 the least likely。 【点睛】分析定语从句关键抓住两点：第一、找准先行词；第二、看先行词在定语从句中所 作的成分。先行词往往为名词或代词，如本题第 4 小题中先行词为名词 initiatives，再分析 先行词 initiatives 在定语从句中所作的成分，将先行词 initiatives 带到从句中可知，只 能作主语，故确定关系词 which。 Section B Directions: Fill in each blanks with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. The Danger of Sharenting For the vast majority of people, checking social media involves a mix of expectation and curiosity. The app feeds on a collective _____11_____ that we are missing out on something, whether it’s a fabulous party, a pop-up sale, or the mere concept of vacation. But the same dynamic doesn’t quite _____12_____ to parents sharing pictures of their young children online. There certainly may be an element of proud boasting: “Admire my little son’s taste in jazz,” etc. But these carefully chosen photos often do little more than help parents escape from a harsh day ______13______. The isolation of parenthood delivers one to strange places, and you need your tribe. Sharing images on social media makes the experience _____14_____, connecting one to a larger world. In his new book Why We Should Think Before We Talk About Our Kids Online, Leah Plunkett, a Harvard psychology professor, argues that “sharenting” happens when an adult transmits private details about a child via digital channels. It _____15_____ a child’s entry into “digital life.” Studies estimate that by 2030 nearly two-thirds of identity-fraud cases affecting today’s children will have been caused by sharenting. For Plunkett, there are a couple of reasons to be concerned about sharenting. On a philosophical level, sharenting exposes children to the larger digital world without their permission, _____16_____ them of a kind of privacy. This feeds into Plunkett’s second, much broader concern. The ______17______ problem with sharenting is the same with many adult-world privacy issues: the bargain we have made in exchange for these services is that we surrender our data and choose not to imagine the worst-case scenarios. Could things that parents post about children produce real-world _____18_____, in terms of bullying, professional reputation, or future prospects? Today, long before children take their first step, their digital data already travels to “thousands, likely tens of thousands, of human and machine users.” How long will it be until someone _____19_____ the power to predict who a child will become as an adult based on these data points? Plunkett’s concerns made parents reconsider their choices. In the end, Plunkett’s advice is to “make more mindful choices” about digital lives though parenthood is often so _____20_____ vague that mindfulness seems impossible. 【答案】11. F 12. C 13. H 14. E 15. D 16. B 17. G 18. K 19. I 20. A 【解析】 本文是一篇说明文，介绍了父母在社交媒体上“晒娃”是危险的。 【11 题详解】 考查名词。句意：这款应用程序助长了一种集体的恐惧，即：我们正在错过某些东西，无论 是一个精彩的派对，一个弹出式销售，或仅仅是度假的概念。作动词短语 feeds on 的宾语用 名词，根据空后的同位语从句可知此处表示“恐惧”，故填 F。 【12 题详解】 考查动词。句意：但同样的情况并不适用于父母在网上分享孩子的照片。此处缺少动词做谓 语，apply to 表示“适用于”，故填 C。 【13 题详解】 考查副词。句意：但这些精心挑选的照片，往往只会帮助家长暂时逃离难熬的一天。修饰动 词短语 escape from 用副词，根据句意可知此处表示“暂时地”，故填 H。 【14 题详解】 考查形容词。句意：在社交媒体上分享图片让这种体验变得可以忍受，将一个人与一个更大 的世界连接起来。此处为“make+宾语+宾补”结构，此处缺少形容词作宾补，上文说这些照 片会帮助家长暂时逃离难熬的一天，因此此处指“可忍受的”，故填 E。 【15 题详解】 考查动词。句意：这加速了孩子进入“数字生活”。此处缺少动词做谓语，根据“try into “digital life.””可知此处表示“加速”，故填 D。 16 题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：在哲学层面上，“晒娃”让孩子们在未经允许的情况下接触到更大 的数字世界，剥夺了他们的某种隐私。空前没有连词，此处使用非谓语动词，用现在分词做 结果状语，表示一种自然而然的结果，rob sb of sth 表示“剥夺某人的某物”，故填 B。 【17 题详解】 考查形容词。句意：分享的根本问题和许多成人世界的隐私问题是一样的。修饰名词 problem 用形容词，根据句意可知此处表示“根本的”，故填 G。 【18 题详解】 考查名词。句意：父母发布的关于孩子的帖子会产生现实世界的结果，比如欺凌、职业声誉 或未来前景?做动词 produce 的宾语用名词，根据句意可知此处表示“结果”，故填 K。 【19 题详解】 考查动词。句意：要过多久，才会有人声称有能力根据这些数据点来预测一个孩子长大后会 成为什么样的人？此处缺少动词做谓语，根据句意可知此处表示“声称”，故填 I。 【20 题详解】 考查副词。句意：最后，普伦基特的建议是，在数字生活中做出更谨慎的选择，尽管为人父 母常常是如此令人困惑地模糊，以至于专注似乎不可能。修饰形容词 vague 用副词，根据句 【 意可知此处表示“令人困惑地”，故填 A。 III. Reading Comprehension Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A,B,C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. The Last Robot-Proof Job in America? You can get most food, such as warm cookies or vodka, to your doorstep in minutes. But try getting a red snapper (红鲷鱼). Until recently, if you could obtain it, it would likely have been pre-frozen and shipped in from overseas. A new tech startup is aiming to ______21______this situation. Based inside the Fulton Fish Market, a seafood wholesale market, the startup, called FultonFishMarket.com, allows customers across the whole country, both restaurants and individuals, to buy from the market. The fish is shipped ______22______, rather than frozen, thanks to an Amazon advanced logistics system. Mike Spindler, the company’s C.E.O., said recently, “I can get a fish to Warren Buffett, that’s as fresh as if he’d walked down to the pier (码头) and bought it that morning.” There is one thing, ______23______, that the sophisticated logistics system cannot do: pick out a fish. If Warren Buffett orders a red snapper, the company needs to ______24______ that his fish is actually red snapper, and not some other. According to the ocean-conservation organization, more than 20% of the seafood in restaurants and grocery stores in America is _____25_____. For this task, the company has employed Robert DiGregorio, a forty-seven-year veteran of the business, who possesses a blend of judgement and _____26_____ knowledge that, so far, computers have yet to replicate. “_____27_____ the food-safety stuff, our business could be any market from the last three thousand years of human history,” Spindler told me. He is experienced in the _____28_____ business. When he arrived at the fish market in 2014, people were cautious. “They thought selling fish on the Internet was_____29_____.” DiGregorio said, speaking for the fishmongers(鱼贩). “They didn’t see how it could possibly work.” Five years ago, DeGregorio didn’t know how to use a computer, but when the Web-site people arrived at the market, he sensed an opportunity. Together, they’ve created a human-machine fish-buying operation. By 1 a.m. each night, the company collects _____30_____ from around the country and sends them to DiGregorio. He heads into the market, carrying his tablet computer. The company’s algorithms（算法） _____31_____ data on their sources and can tell DiGregorio, for example, which stall to go to get the best tuna (金枪鱼). The computer is a “learning system,”, so if DiGregorio makes a choice it didn’t _____32_____, it asks, “Was the fish not available? Was it damaged?” All that information is fed back in for next time. Then, what can a fishmonger see that a computer can’t? DeGregorio showed me his part of the _____33_____ process. “I’m assessing a few things,” he said. First, _____34_____. Fish should have “nice” slime(粘液). Then, smell. He sniffed the air above the box. “when fish goes bad, it smells like ammonia.” Besides, to get the best stuff, “Fishmongers have to have a relationship with you. To trust you.” He added. Is he ever _____35_____being replaced by the learning system of computers? DiGregorio shrugged. “By the time they invent a computer that can do what I can do,” he said, “I’ll be dead.” 21. A. maintain B. remedy C. substitute D. recognize 22. A. free B. overseas C. separate D. fresh 23. A. therefore B. otherwise C. however D. thus 24. A. ensure B. propose C. concede D. remind 25. A. overpriced B. misidentified C. displaced D. modified 26. A. computer B. cuisine C. fish D. marketing 27. A. Rather than B. Thanks to C. Except for D. Prior to 28. A. fund-raising B. online-grocery C. fish-selling D. non-profit 29. A. significant B. worthy C. responsible D. ridiculous 30. A. sales B. orders C. alternatives D. statistics 31. A. analyze B. supply C. prioritize D. feed 32. A. require B. process C. predict D. value 33. A. calculation B. decoding C. correction D. selection 34. A. smash B. touch C. wipe D. roll 35. A. concerned about B. eager for C. delighted with D. capable of 【答案】21. B 22. D 23. C 24. A 25. B 26. C 27. C 28. B 29. D 30. B 31. A 32. C 33. D 34. B 35. A 【解析】 本文是说明文，介绍了一家公司是如何用人机结合的方式在网上卖新鲜的活鱼的。 【21 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：一家新兴的科技公司正致力于解决这一问题。A. maintain 维持； B. remedy 改进、解决；C. substitute 替代；D. recognize 认出。上文说你可以在几分钟内 让你买的大多数食物，如热饼干或伏特加，送到你家门口。但你买的红鲷鱼却不行，在根据 空后的介绍可知此处是说一家科技公司正努力解决这个问题，故 B 项正确。 【22 题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：多亏亚马逊先进的物流系统，这些鱼不是冷冻的，而是新鲜的。 A. free 自由的；B. overseas 海外的；C. separate 单独的；D. fresh 新鲜的。根据空后的 “rather than frozen”可知，与“冷冻的”相对的自然是“新鲜的”，下文中的“fresh”也 是提示，故 D 项正确。 【23 题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，有一件事是复杂的物流系统做不到的：挑选一条鱼。A. therefore 因此；B. otherwise 否则；C. however 然而；D. thus 因此。上文介绍了这个物流 系统的优点，此处介绍的是弊端，前后是转折关系，故 C 项正确。 【24 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果沃伦巴菲特订购了红鲷鱼，公司需要确保他的鱼实际上是红 鲷鱼，而不是其他鱼。A. ensure 保证、确保；B. propose 建议；C. concede 承认；D. remind 提醒。上文说这个系统不能挑选出顾客购买的鱼，所以公司需要确保顾客收到的是他购买的 那种鱼，故 A 项正确。 【25 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：在美国，餐馆和杂货店超过 20%的海鲜被误认。A. overpriced 要 价过高；B. misidentified 识别错误；C. displaced 转移；D. modified 修改。下文说该公司 聘请了具有丰富鱼类知识的罗伯特迪格雷戈里奥来识别顾客购买的鱼的品种，因此此处是说 餐馆和杂货店超过 20%的海鲜被误认，故 B 项正确。 【26 题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：为了完成这项任务，该公司聘用了拥有 47 年丰富经验的罗伯特迪 格雷戈里奥，他兼具判断和鱼类知识，迄今为止，电脑尚未复制这些知识。A. computer 电脑； B. cuisine 烹饪；C. fish 鱼类；D. marketing 市场营销。帮助识别鱼类自然是要掌握鱼类知 识，故 C 项正确。 【27 题详解】 考查介词短语辨析。句意：除了食品安全方面的东西，我们的生意可以是过去三千年人类历 史上的任何市场。A. Rather than 而不是；B. Thanks to 多亏；C. Except for 除了；D. Prior to 先于。下文说 2014 年他进入鱼市时，人们都很谨慎，他们认为在网上卖鱼是荒谬的，他们 担心的是鱼的安全问题，因此此处是说“除了食品安全”，故 C 项正确。 【28 题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：他在网上杂货生意上很有经验。A. fund-raising 筹集资金；B. online-grocery 网上杂货店；C. fish-selling 卖鱼；D. non-profit 非盈利。根据空后的“on the Internet”可知，他干的是网上杂货生意，故 B 项正确。 【29 题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：2014 年他进入鱼市时，人们都很谨慎，他们认为在网上卖鱼是 荒谬的。A. significant 重大的；B. worthy 值得的；C. responsible 负责的；D. ridiculous 荒谬的。空前说人们都很谨慎，这说明他们认为在网上卖鱼听起来很荒谬，故 D 项正确。 【30 题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：每天凌晨 1 点，该公司收集来自全国各地的订单，然后把它们发 给迪格雷戈里奥，他带着平板电脑进入市场。A. sales 销售；B. orders 订单；C. alternatives 替代品；D. statistics 统计。在网上卖东西自然是要根据订单发货，故 B 项正确。 【31 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：该公司的算法分析数据来源，并可以告诉迪格雷戈里奥，例如， 哪个摊位可以买到最好的金枪鱼。A. analyze 分析；B. supply 供应；C. prioritize 优先考 虑；D. feed 喂养。根据空后的“data on their sources”可知此处指“分析数据来源”，故 A 项正确。 【32 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：所以如果迪格雷戈里奥做出了一个它没有预料到 选择，它会问， 鱼是不是没有了?是损坏了吗?所有这些信息都将反馈给下一次。A. require 要求；B. process 处理；C. predict 预测；D. value 重视。空前说电脑是一个学习系统，所以如果做出了一个 它没有预料到的选择，它会问一些问题，故 C 项正确。 【33 题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：迪雷戈里奥向我展示了他在挑选过程中所扮演的角色。A. calculation 计算；B. decoding 解码；C. correction 改正；D. selection 选择。上文说迪 格雷戈里奥是负责正确挑出顾客订购的鱼，因此此处指“挑选过程”，故 D 项正确。 【34 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：首先，触摸，鱼应该有“好”的黏液。A. smash 撞击；B. touch 触摸；C. wipe 擦；D. roll 滚动。空后说鱼应该有“好”的黏液，因此此处指“用手摸鱼”， 故 B 项正确。 【35 题详解】 考查形容词短语辨析。句意：他但不担心被电脑学习系统取代？ A. concerned about 担心； B. eager for 渴望；C. delighted with 对……感到高兴；D. capable of 能够。空后迪格雷 戈里奥耸耸肩说“当他们发明一台能做我能做的事情的电脑时，我就死定了”，因此此处指“是 否担心被电脑学习系统取代”，故 A 项正确。 Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) On the morning of 19 April 1966, a hooded figure was hiding in the bushes near 的 the start line of the Boston Marathon. When the gun went off to start the race, the mysterious person allowed the faster competitors to pass before joining the main group of runners. It wasn’t long before the others noticed that their new companion was a woman. The infiltrator(渗入者) was 23-year-old graduate Roberta ’Bobbi’ Gibb, an experienced runner who had had her application to run denied on the grounds that the Boston Marathon was a Men’s Division race only. Her rejection letter categorically stated: Women aren’t allowed and furthermore are not physiologically able. Having run up to 30 miles a day nearly every day for the two years leading up to the race, Gibb knew that this was not true. She decided it was time attitudes towards women changed, and bought a bus ticket to Boston. Contrary to her father’s fears that she would get hurt in the race, Gibb’s male counterparts showed her nothing but kindness. Once reporters got wind of her participation, the radio began broadcasting news of her progress. Encouraged by adrenalin and the delighted spectators, Gibb was heading for an under three-hour time for the best part of the course, but then she began running out of steam. Starved of food and water, her legs began to falter, and her feet became almost too painful to run on. If she hadn’t known that dropping out would have set women’s running back 20 or 30 years, she may not have completed the course. However, the cheering crowds on the last leg of the course succeeded in lifting her spirits, and she sprinted to the finish in a very respectable time of just under three hours and 22 minutes. On finishing the race, Gibb was treated as a hero: she was met by the governor of Massachusetts, her parents were interviewed, newspapers ran articles on her and she was invited to a TV game show. More importantly for her, she had broken the stereotype that women didn’t run marathons. She began getting calls from inspired women who had taken up running themselves, and in 1967 a second female runner competed in the Boston Marathon alongside Gibb. The following year there were five female entrants, and by 1972, the rules had been changed to allow women to compete in all US marathons. However, by then, if you had asked anyone who was the first woman to run the Boston Marathon, they would have given you a completely different name: Kathy Switzer. Twenty-year-old journalist Kathrine Switzer shot to fame after competing against Gibb in the 1967 Boston Marathon. On discovering Switzer had entered the race by pretending to be a man, race director Jock Semple tried to physically remove her, and it was this image of Switzer being attacked while running that stuck in people’s minds. Switzer continued running, finishing second in the 1975 Boston Marathon. Moreover, she became a successful media personality. It took Gibb decade of writing letters to magazines, TV stations and book publishers to set the record straight. But in the end, she succeeded in gaining her due recognition and was retroactively awarded first-place medals for her 1966, 1967 and 1968 races. 36. The woman is hiding in the bushes __________. A. to cheer on the best participants B. so as not to be seen at the starting line. C. in order to watch the race unfold D. so that she has a better view of the field 37. What ultimately drove Gibb to finish the race? A. She didn’t want her plan to backfire(发生意外). B. She wanted her parents to be proud of her. C. She wasn’t willing to disappoint the crowd. D. She couldn’t take the shame of failure. 38. What does the writer mean when he describes Gibb’s running time as ’respectable’? A. He thinks she could have done better. B. He considers it a standard to aim at. C. He regards it as a good time. D. He can’t believe she ran so well. 39. What does the reader discover about Gibb in the fourth paragraph? A. Her reputation grew as the years went by. B. She was corrupted by fame. C. She became a household name. D. Her glory was short-lived 【答案】36. B 37. A 38. C 39. D 【解析】 本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了第一位参加马拉松的女性吉布的故事。 【36 题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“When the gun went off to start the race, the mysterious person allowed the faster competitors to pass before joining the main group of runners. It wasn’t long before the others noticed that their new companion was a woman.”可知， 当枪声响起开始赛跑时，她让跑得快的人先过了，然后加入了主要的赛跑队伍，没过多久， 其他人就注意到“他”是个女人，再根据第二段中的“an experienced runner who had had her application to run denied on the grounds that the Boston Marathon was a Men’s Division race only. Her rejection letter categorically stated: Women aren’t allowed and furthermore are not physiologically able. ”可知，她曾因为波士顿马拉松比赛只是男 人们的比赛而被拒绝参加比赛，她的拒绝信明确说明女性是不允许参加马拉松的，由此可知， 她藏在灌木丛里是为了在起跑线上不被发现自己是个女人，故 B 项正确。 【37 题详解】 细 节 理 解 题 。 根 据 第 二 段 中 的 “She decided it was time attitudes towards women changed, and bought a bus ticket to Boston.”可知，她去参加马拉松是想改变人们的态 度——女性不能参加马拉松比赛，再根据第三段中的“If she hadn’t known that dropping out would have set women’s running back 20 or 30 years, she may not have completed the course.”可知，如果她不知道跑不完比赛会让女性长跑退回到二三十年前，她就不会跑 完最后一段距离，由此可知，她不想让自己的计划（改变人们对女性参加马拉松的态度）适 得其反激励她完成了比赛，故 A 项正确。 【38 题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段中的“the cheering crowds on the last leg of the course succeeded in lifting her spirits, and she sprinted to the finish in a very respectable time of just under three hours and 22 minutes.”可知，在比赛的最后一段，欢呼的人群成功 地振奋了她的精神，她以不到 3 小时 22 分钟的体面时间冲到了终点，由此可知，作者把吉布 的赛跑时间描述为“体面的”意思是他认为这是一个好的比赛用时（一个不错的成绩），故 C 项正确。 【39 题详解】 推理判断题。根据第四段内容，特别是根据“On finishing the race, Gibb was treated as a hero….”及“and by 1972…However, by then, if you had asked anyone who was the first woman to run the Boston Marathon, they would have given you a completely different name: Kathy Switzer.”可知，在 1966 年，比赛结束后的那段时间里，吉布被视 为英雄，收到了很多荣誉，可是没过几年，1972 年的时候，她的名字就被另一位女性取代了， 由此可知，吉布的荣耀很短暂，故 D 项正确。 (B) 40. When you find a gift in a geocache, you _________. A. make a note of the gift on the website. B. can borrow the gift, but have to return it. C. are allowed to take the gift if you replace it with something else. D. take a photo of the gift as proof that you have found it 41. The writer thinks that the most enjoyable kind of geocaching is when _______. A. you have to find a public webcam. B. you have to find a series of geocaches. C. you have to find a geocache and then hide it in a different place. D. you simply have to find one geocache. 42. The writer has written the blog mainly to _________. A. suggest that people try geocaching. B. publicise a geocaching event in Sweden. C. warn the reader that geocaching is addictive. D. explain the differences between letterboxing and geocaching. 【答案】40. C 41. B 42. A 【解析】 【分析】 本文是一篇应用文，作者介绍了最近自己玩的一款寻宝游戏。 【40 题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“As well as the logbook, geocaches often contain a toy or gift. You are welcome to take this, provided you replace it with something.”可知，当 你在藏宝地点中找到礼物时，如果你用其他东西替换它，你就可以把它拿走，故 C 项正确。 【41 题详解】 细节理解题。根据第五段中的“and personally, I’ve enjoyed the multi-cache challenge themost”可知，作者认为，最令人愉快的寻宝是当你必须找到一系列的宝藏时，故 B 项正确。 【42 题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Why don’t you get into geocaching too, and I might see you there”可知，你为什么不也去地理寻宝呢？我可能在那里见到你啊！由此可知，作 者的写作目的是鼓励大家和她一起玩这款寻宝游戏，故 A 项正确。 【点睛】本篇第 3 题推理判断题难度较大，抓住文章最后作者发表的看法是关键，根据最后 一段中的“Why don’t you get into geocaching too, and I might see you there”可知， 你为什么不也去地理寻宝呢？我可能在那里见到你啊！由此可知，作者的写作目的是鼓励大 家和她一起玩这款寻宝游戏。 (C) The Occupy Wall Street protest movement has raised serious questions about the role of capitalist institutions, particularly corporations in American society. Well before the first protester set foot in Zucotti Park, a heckler(扰乱分子) urged Mitt Romney to tax corporations rather than people. Romney’s response-- “Corporations are people” stirred a brief but intense controversy. Now thousands of demonstrators have in effect joined the heckler, denouncing(抨击) corporations as “enemies of the people.” Far more important than questions about what corporations are is the question of what attitude we should have toward them. Should we, as corporate public relations statements often suggest, think of them as friends (if we buy and are satisfied with their products) or as family (if we work for them)? Does it make sense to be loyal to a corporation as either a customer or as an employee？More generally, even granted that corporations are not fully persons in the way that individuals are, do they have some important moral standing in our society？ My answer to all these questions is no, because corporations have no core dedication to fundamental human values. Such corporations exist as instruments of profit for their shareholders. In fact, left to themselves, they can be serious threats to human values that conflict with the goal of corporate profit. Corporations are a particular threat to truth, a value essential in a democracy, which places a premium on the informed decisions of individual citizens. The corporate threat is most apparent in advertising, which explicitly aims at convincing us to prefer a product regardless of its actual merit. Their defining goal is to generate profit. There are cases when telling the truth is the best means to advance corporate profits. In 1982, when seven people in Chicago died from poisoned Tylenol, Johnson & Johnson appealed to its credo, which makes concern for its customers primary corporate goal，and told the entire truth about what had happened. This honesty turned a potential public-relations disaster into a triumph. But Johnson & Johnson’s impressive corporate credo ends by saying, “Our final responsibility is to our stockholders and must make solid profit. The credo is unclear about what happens when there is a conflict between responsible action and long-term profit. None of this means that corporations are evil or that socialism should replace the free-enterprise system. As Michel Foucault said of all power structures, it’s not that corporations are bad but that they are dangerous. The self-serving corporate speech that fills our media and halls of government is particularly dangerous for our democracy. At least for this reason, the Occupy Wall Street protesters are right to distrust corporations. 43. Mitt Romney most probably believes that ___________. A. individuals should pay more taxes than corporations B. corporations should not be forced to pay more taxes C. people should care more about corporations’ development D. corporations should enjoy all the legal rights as people do 44. According to Paragraphs 2 and 3, it can be inferred that corporations ___________. A. should be set as moral examples of the society B. take employees’ faithfulness as part of their goals C. contribute little to the most essential human values D. are actually means by which people share profits 45. The 1982 event is cited in Paragraph 3 to illustrate that _____________ A. corporations always make profits at the expense of people’s health B. customers should always keep an eye on the quality of any product C. corporations take economic profit as their priority essentially D. corporation profit is always in contradiction with customer interests 46. Which of the following is the best title for the text? A. Corporations, People and Truth B. Corporations Are Different from People C. Corporations Are Untrustworthy D. The Occupy Wall Street Protest 【答案】43. B 44. C 45. C 46. A 【解析】 【分析】 本文是一篇说明文，由“占领华尔街”运动入手，介绍了企业、个人和真理（价值观）之间 的关系——企业和人不一样，它没有对人类基本价值观的核心贡献，只是作为股东的利润工 具而存在，它们甚至会对人类价值观构成威胁。 【43 题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段中的“a heckler(扰乱分子) urged Mitt Romney to tax corporations rather than people. Romney’s response-- “Corporations are people” stirred a brief but intense controversy.”可知，一名扰乱分子敦促米特·罗姆尼对公司征税，而不是对人 征税，罗姆尼的回答是“公司也是人”，言外之意，公司和人一样，也不应该对公司征税，由 此可知，米特•罗姆尼很可能认为企业不应被迫缴纳更多税款，故 B 项正确。 【44 题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二、三段内容，特别是第三段中的“My answer to all these questions is no, because corporations have no core dedication to fundamental human values.”可知， 我对所有这些问题的答案都是否定的，因为企业没有对人类基本价值观的核心贡献，由此可 知，企业对人类最基本的价值观贡献甚少，故 C 项正确。 【45 题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段中的“fining goal is to generate profit.”可知，企业的明确目标 就是创造利润，而引用了 1982 年的事件就是为了证明这一点，即：公司在本质上以经济利益 为优先，故 C 项正确。 【46 题详解】 主旨大意题。通读全文，特别是根据第三段中的“corporations have no core dedication to fundamental human values. Such corporations exist as instruments of profit for their shareholders. In fact, left to themselves, they can be serious threats to human values ”可知，本文由“占领华尔街”运动入手，介绍了企业、个人和真理之间的关系——企业和 人不一样，它没有对人类基本价值观的核心贡献，只是作为股东的利润工具而存在，甚至会 对人类价值观构成威胁，故 A 项正确。 【点睛】文章标题形式的主旨大意题难度在于要具有高度的概括性，准确全面地反映出文章 内容，因此抓住文章主题是关键，例如本篇第 4 题，通读全文，特别是根据第三段中的 “corporations have no core dedication to fundamental human values. Such corporations exist as instruments of profit for their shareholders. In fact, left to themselves, they can be serious threats to human values ”可知，本文由“占领华尔街”运动入 手，介绍了企业、个人和真理（价值观）之间的关系——企业和人不一样，它没有对人类基 本价值观的核心贡献，只是作为股东的利润工具而存在，甚至会对人类价值观构成威胁，因 此文章标题一定要体现出企业、个人和真理三个方面，故 A 项正确。 Section C Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. A Different Type of Phone Book Although books are still popular with teenagers, most of them spend more of their leisure time staring at their phone than reading a paperback. And the more versatile phones become, the more reasons young people have for looking at them. ___47___ Instead of publishing whole book at once, they produce very short chapters, which they send once a week to their readers by text message. Some even claim that this style of writing represents a new literary genre: the ‘cell phone novel’. Although the idea originated in Japan, cell phone novels have also sprung up in the rest of East Asia, Europe and Africa. Many are written by high school or university students who are very familiar with the topics that teenagers are interested in. Common themes are love, tragedy and betrayal, and the stories often deal with difficult or controversial issues. Twenty-one-year-old Rin said that she started her novel If You during her final year at high school and explained that was the tragic love story of two childhood friends. Rin wrote her novel over a six-month period in spare moments, often while commuting on the train. _____48_____Readers then voted her novel the best that year and she was offered book contract. Her book sold 40,000 copies and was number five in the Japanese bestseller list. Rin said that her mother had had no idea that she had been writing a novel and was therefore very surprised when she saw a book with her daughter’s name on it. The style of cell phone novels has evolved to suit the medium. Chapters have no more than 200 words, and often just 50-100 words. _____49_____ The text mostly consists of dialogue and the language is direct, conveying a lot in a few words. Many cell phone novelists had never written fiction before and many of their readers have never read normal novel. Other rules have evolved; for example, authors only have one name and that is a pseudonym or pen name. In 2009, a young Japanese writer called Takatsu, who lives in Canada, began writing the first English language cell phone novel, Secondhand Memories. Each instalment appeared on textnovel.com, a website dedicated to cell phone stories. Takatsu had read an English translation of Rin’s story If You and had been impressed by its simple and emotional language. It was a feature he deliberately copied when he started writing Secondhand Memories. _____50_____ He now believes that, in English, cell phone novels have a powerful and poetic identity of their own. Takatsu sees himself, and the other writers who contribute to textnovel.com, as part of a literary movement which blends drama, technology, pop culture and social media. Cell phone novels encourage young people to engage in fiction, even those who would not normally pick up a book. They could be described as teen novels for the 21st century. A. Books are sometimes regarded as old-fashioned and difficult to read. B. In response to this trend, some smart young authors have changed the way they write. C. However, as the story progressed, the style gradually evolved into something different. D. She typed out installments on her phone and uploaded them onto a popular website for cell phone authors. E. No money is made from cell phone novels unless they are published as books. F. Sentences are short and there are no descriptions of anything or anybody because there isn’t space. 【答案】47. B 48. D 49. F 50. C 【解析】 这是一篇说明文。文章介绍一种不同类型的电话簿。 【47 题详解】 上文提示“手机变得越多功能，年轻人就越有理由关注它们。”承接上文，B 项 In response to this trend, some smart young authors have changed the way they write.（为了应对 这种趋势，一些聪明的年轻作家改变了他们的写作方式。）切题。故选 B 项。 【48 题详解】 上文提示“琳在六个月的业余时间里写了这部小说，通常是在乘火车上下班的时候写。”再 根据下文提示“随后，读者们投票选她的小说为当年的最佳作品，她也获得了出书合同。” 承接上下文，D 项 She typed out installments on her phone and uploaded them onto a popular website for cell phone authors.（她在自己的手机上打印了几篇文章，并把它们 上传到一个很受欢迎的手机作者网站上。）切题。故选 D 项。 【49 题详解】 上文提示“章节不超过 200 字，通常只有 50-100 字。”再根据下文提示“文本以对话为主， 语 言 直 接 ， 言 简 意 赅 。 ” 承 接 上 下 文 ， F 项 Sentences are short and there are no descriptions of anything or anybody because there isn’t space.（句子很短，没有对 任何事物或任何人的描述，因为没有空间。）切题。故选 F 项。 50 题详解】 上文提示“当他开始写《二手回忆》时，他故意模仿了这个特点。”再根据下文提示“他现 在认为，在英语中，手机小说有一种强大而诗意的身份。”承接上下文，C 项 However, as the story progressed, the style gradually evolved into something different.（然而，随 着故事的进展，风格逐渐演变成不同的东西。）切题。该项中的 However 与上文构成转折关系， 故选 C 项。 IV. Summary Writing 51.Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Early Adopters Fall into a Costly Trap Being among the first to try out a new piece of technology is cool. When you’re the only member of your social circle with the latest hot device, people stare in fascination. However, people tend to underestimate the costs of this temporary coolness, which they pay in more ways. Frankly speaking, early adoption is a bad investment. The earliest versions of devices are not only expensive, they are also the most expensive that those devices will ever be. Companies are attempting to recover 【 the cost of production as fast as they can, and once the profits from early adopters’ purchases are safely in their hands, they can cut the price and shift to the next marketing stage: selling the product to everyone else. This is why the cost of the original iPhone dropped about $200 only eight months after its release. Those who are first to leap into a new technology also risk wasting money and time on something that will never catch on. In 2006, HD DVDs, a new format for video, entered the market. A few eager consumers bought HD DVD players that were discontinued in early 2008. The early adopters were then stuck with pricey devices that just sat on their shelves collecting dust. Another good reason to resist the early adoption temptation is that the first version of a product typically has imperfections. For example, when Microsoft’s game machine, Xbox One, was first released in 2013, users immediately began to complain of problems. Devoted gamers worked to find and share solutions to these issues. Such problems are so common with new technology that early adopters are basically unpaid testers. So don’t join the first wave of consumers who invest in the latest version of device; instead, wait and see. 【答案】Trying a new technology first is cool but expensive. In fact, it's just a means of obtaining profits. There is the risk that a new product will soon become out of date as it is rapidly updated. Also, the first version of a product is usually not technically complete. So, don't rush to buy the latest version of the product. 【解析】 【分析】 本篇书面表达是概要写作，要求概括尝试新技术虽然很酷但成本很高，它只是获取利润的一 种手段，随着产品的快速更新换代，一个新产品很快就会过时，另外，产品的第一个版本通 常技术上不够完善，所以不要迫不及待地去买最新的产品，注意词数要求和使用自己的语言。 【详解】1、写之前，需要认真仔细地读几遍原文材料，让理解更深刻。 2、遵循原文的逻辑顺序，对重要部分的主题、标题、细节进行概括，全面清晰地表明原文信 息。 3、给摘要起一个好标题，比如：可以采用文中的主题句。 4、尽量使用自己的话完成，不要引用原文的句子，篇幅控制在原文的三分之一或四分之一长。 V. Translation Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 52. 每个人都应该为慈善出一份力，这无关地位和财富。（which） 53. 对一个问题感到不确定时，切莫仓促下结论。（On no account） 54. 如果你可以采用任何合适的方法缓解压力，那就放手去做吧。（suitable） 55. 互联网的时代，便捷和风险共生，唯有创新，方能在虚拟空间拥有更多获得感和感全感。 （unless） 【答案】52. Everyone should do their part for the charity, which has nothing to do with status and wealth. 53. On no account should you jump into/to a conclusion when you feel uncertain about a problem. 54. If you can take whatever suitable methods to relieve your pressure, feel free to do it. /don’t hesitate to do it. 55. In an age of the Internet, when convenience and risks coexist, we cannot have a sense of achievement and security unless we become innovative/creative. 【解析】 【52 题详解】 考查非限制性定语从句。分析句子结构可知，Everyone 是句子主语，should do 是谓语部分， their part for the charity 是宾语部分，且前面整个句子作先行词，后面是 which 引导的非 限制性定语从句，故翻译为 Everyone should do their part for the charity, which has nothing to do with status and wealth. 【53 题详解】 考查部分倒装。此处 On no account“决不”，位于句子开头，句子用部分倒装；jump into/to a conclusion“得出结论”；句中 when 引导时间状语从句。故翻译为 On no account should you jump into/to a conclusion when you feel uncertain about a problem. 【54 题详解】 考查 if 引导的条件状语从句。句中使用 if 引导的条件状语从句，且从句中使用 whatever 引 导的宾语从句。故翻译为 If you can take whatever suitable methods to relieve your pressure, feel free to do it. /don’t hesitate to do it. 【55 题详解】 考查时间状语从句和条件状语从句。句中使用 when 引导的时间状语从句，且主句中使用 unless 引导的条件状语从句。故翻译为 In an age of the Internet, when convenience and risks coexist, we cannot have a sense of achievement and security unless we become innovative/creative. VI.Guided Writing 56.Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 最近一本在线杂志发表了一篇文章，文中询问，在公众眼中，什么样 人是适合做年轻人的 榜样（rolemodel）。请你写封信给该杂志，推荐一位你认为适合做榜样的名人（celebrity）。 你的文章须包括： 简单介绍这位名人； 为何这位名人适合做年轻人的榜样。 ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ 【答案】Dear Sir/Madam. I have read your magazine's article asking what kind of person is suitable to be a role model for young people. In my opinion, the role model for young people should be a person of our own age, who is not only positive and sunny, but also has made outstanding achievements. In my mind, Wang Yuan, the leader of TFboys is such a person. Since his debut, he has brought us a lot of wonderful songs. His greatest achievement is that as a representative of Chinese youth, he was invited to attend the ECOSOC Youth Forum 2017 held at the UN headquarters in New York and delivered a speech in English. He is not only the first Chinese artist invited to participate in the UN youth forum, but also 的 the first Chinese youth idol on the UN stage. In view of the reasons above, I think Wang Yuan is a good role model for us. yours truly, Lihua 【解析】 【分析】 本篇书面表达是应用文，要求写一封书信。 【详解】第 1 步：根据提示可知，本文要求写一封书信：最近一本在线杂志发表了一篇文章， 文中询问，在公众眼中，什么样的人是适合做年轻人的榜样，请你写封信给该杂志，推荐一 位你认为适合做榜样的名人。你的文章须包括：简单介绍这位名人；为何这位名人适合做年 轻人的榜样。时态应为一般现在时。 第 2 步：根据写作要求，确定关键词（组），如； role model（榜样），celebrity（名人）， sunny（阳光的），positive（积极的）， outstanding（杰出的），achievement（成就），debut （出道）及 youth idol（青年偶像）等。 第 3 步：根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。 第 4 步：连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰， 保持卷面的整洁美观。 【点睛】范文语言地道，语篇连贯，词数适当。作者在范文中使用了较多高级词汇和句式， 高级词汇有 be suitable to do（适合做……），in one’s opinion（依某人的观点），get into shape (使身体好起来)，be invited to do（受邀……）以及 participate in（参加），而且 还使用了非限定性定语从句“In my opinion, the role model for young people should be a person of our own age, who is not only positive and sunny, but also has made outstanding achievements.”，表语从句“His greatest achievement is that as a representative of Chinese youth, he was invited to attend the ECOSOC Youth Forum 2017 held at the UN headquarters in New York and delivered a speech in English.”，宾语 从句和非谓语动词“I have read your magazine's article asking what kind of person is suitable to be a role model for young people.”，全文没有语法错误，上下句转换自然流畅。