北京市朝阳区六校2020届高三英语4月联考试题（Word版附解析）

四月份测试题（B 卷）高三年级英语试卷 (考试时间 120 分钟 满分 150 分) 本试卷共 11 页。考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。 第一部分：知识运用（共两节，45 分） 第一节 语法填空（共 10 小题；每小题 1.5 分，共 15 分） A 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写 1 个适当的单词，在给出 提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 Tim Becker and his neighbors are doing something ___1___ (make) their neighborhood a trouble-free area. Tim ___2___ (belong) to a neighborhood watch group in Stoneville, Indiana, USA. The neighborhood watch group meets on the third Wednesday of every month. That’s when Tim gets together with about ten of his neighbors to discuss community safety. Members of the neighborhood watch group want to help the police keep their homes, streets, and ___3___ (family) safe. 【答案】1. to make 2. belongs 3. families 【解析】 本文是一篇记叙文。主要内容是 Tim Becker 是一个社区观察组织的成员，他和他的邻居们组 成的监督小组帮助警察确保自己所在片区的安全。 【1 题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：Tim Becker 和他的邻居们正在做一些事情，使他们的社区成为一个 没有麻烦的地方。分析句子结构可知，空处填非谓语动词，再结合句意可知，此处用不定式 表示目的，故填 to make。 【2 题详解】 考查时态。句意：Tim 是美国印第安纳州斯通维尔一个社区观察组织的成员。分析句子结构可 知，空处填谓语动词，再根据语境可知，上下文使用的是一般现在时，主语为 Tim，故填 belongs。 【3 题详解】 考查名词的数。句意：邻里监督组织的成员希望帮助警察保护他们的家、街道和家庭的安全。 根据句意可知，空处填名词的复数形式，families 意为“多个家庭”和空前的 homes, streets是并列关系，故填 families。 B 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写 1 个适当的单词，在给出 提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 The animals ___4___ (keep) together in small spaces, with no privacy and little opportunity___5___ mental and physical exercise. This results in unusual and self-destructive behavior ___6___ (call) zoochosis. A worldwide study of zoos found that zoochosis is common among animals kept in small spaces or cages. Another study showed that elephants spend 22 percent of their time making repeated head movements or biting cage bars, and bears spend 30 percent of their time ___7___ (walk) back and forth, a sign of unhappiness and pain. 【答案】4. are kept 5. for 6. called 7. walking 【解析】 本文是一篇说明文。研究表明在狭小空间里的动物们出现了动物精神病，这种病会导致不寻 常的自毁行为。 【4 题详解】 考查时态和语态。句意：动物们被关在狭小的空间里，没有隐私，也没有机会进行心理和身 体锻炼。分析句子结构可知，空处填时态，再根据语境，此处说明的是客观事实，故用一般 现在时，又因为 animals 和 keep 之间是被动关系，故填 are kept。 【5 题详解】 考查介词。句意： 这些动物被关在狭小的空间里，没有私人空间，几乎没有机会进行智力和 体育锻炼。分析句子结构可知，空处填介词，再结合句意可知，此处表示目的，意为 “去……、为了……”，故填for。 【6 题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：这导致了不寻常的和自我毁灭的行为，称为动物精神病。分析句子 结构可知，空处填非谓语动词，再根据句意可知，此处意为“叫做……、称作……”，call 在 句中做定语修饰 behavior，且是被动关系，故填 called。 【7 题详解】 考查固定搭配。句意：另一项研究表明，大象有 22%的时间在重复头部运动或咬笼子栏杆，而熊有 30%的时间在来回走动，这是不快乐和痛苦的标志。分析句子结构可知，空处填非谓 语动词，再根据句意可知，spend+时间/金钱+(in) doing 是固定搭配，意为“花费时间/金钱 做……”，故填walking。 C 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写 1 个适当的单词，在给出 提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 “Poor but honest.” “The deserving poor.” These words always come to my mind ___8___ I think of “the poor”. But I also think of people ___9___, perhaps through alcohol or drugs，have ruined not only their own lives but also the lives of others in order to give way to their own pleasure. Perhaps alcoholism and drug addiction really are “diseases”, as many people say, but my own feeling-based, of course, not on any serious study, is that most alcoholics and drug addicts belong to the “undeserving poor”. And that is largely ____10____ I don’t give spare change to beggars. 【答案】8. when 9. who/that 10. why 【解析】 本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。主要内容是简述了作者不给乞丐多余零钱的原因。 【8 题详解】 考查状语从句。句意：“贫穷但诚实。”“应该得到救济的穷人。当我想到“穷人”时，这些话总是 浮现在我的脑海中。分析句子结构可知，空处填从属连词引导状语从句，再结合句意可知， 空处填 when 引导时间状语从句，意为“当……时”，故填when。 【9 题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：但我也想到那些人，为了让他们快乐，他们喝酒酒精或吸食毒品，这 不仅毁了自己的生活，也毁了别人的生活。分析句子结构可知，空处填关系代词引导定语从 句，其中 perhaps through alcohol or drugs 是插入语，people 是先行词，在从句中做主语，故用 关系代词 who/that 在从句中做主语引导定语从句，故填 who/that。 【10 题详解】 考查表语从句。句意：这也是我不给乞丐零钱的主要原因。分析句子结构可知，空处填连接 副词引导表语从句，再根据句意可知，从句用 why 引导表语从句，意为“……的原因”，故填 why。第二节 完形填空（共 20 小题；每小题 1.5 分，共 30 分） 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳 选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 My job was to make classroom observations and encourage a training program that would enable students to feel good about themselves and take charge of their lives. Donna was one of the volunteer teachers who participated in this ____11____. One day, I entered Donna’s classroom, took a seat in the back of the room and ____12____. All the students were working on a ____13____. The student next to me was filling her page with “I Can’ts.” “I can’t kick the soccer ball.” “I can’t get Debbie to like me.” Her page was half full and she showed no ____14____ of stopping. I walked down the row and found everyone was writing sentences, ____15____ things they couldn’t do. By this time the activity aroused my ____16____, so I decided to check with the teacher to see what was going on but I noticed she too was ____17____ in writing. “I can’t get John’s mother to come for a parents’ meeting.” ……I felt it best not to ____18____. After another ten minutes, the students were ____19____ to fold the papers in half and bring them to the front. They placed their “I Can’t” statements into an empty shoe box. Then Donna ___20___ hers. She put the lid on the box, tucked(塞进) it under her arm and headed out the door. Students followed the teacher. I followed the students. Halfway down the hallway Donna got a shovel(铁铲) from the tool house, and then marched the students to the farthest corner of the playground. There they began to ____21____. The box of “I Can’ts” was placed at the ____22____ of the hole and then quickly covered with dirt. At this point Donna announced, “Boys and girls, please join hands and ____23____ your heads.” They quickly formed a circle around the grave(墓地). Donna delivered the eulogy(悼词). “Friends, we gathered here today to ____24____ the memory of ‘I Can’t.’ He is ____25____ by his brothers and sisters ‘I Can’ and ‘I Will’. May ‘I Can’t’ rest in ____26____.” She turned the students ____27____ and marched them back into the classroom. They celebrated the ____28____ of “I Can’t”. Donna cut a large tombstone(墓碑) from paper. She wrote the words “I Can’t” at the top and the date at the bottom, then hung it in the classroom. On those rare occasions when a student ____29____ and said, “I Can’t,” Donna ____30____ pointed to the paper tombstone. The student then remembered that “I Can’t” was dead and chose other statement.11. A. job B. project C. observation D. course 12. A. checked B. watched C. noticed D. waited 13. A. task B. computer C. problem D. farm 14. A. scenes B. senses C. marks D. signs 15. A. discussing B. doing C. describing D. drawing 16. A. curiosity B. suspect C. sympathy D. worry 17. A. trapped B. strict C. busy D. successful 18. A. insert B. interrupt C. talk D. request 19. A. taught B. shown C. forced D. instructed 20. A. added B. wrote C. made D. folded 21. A. cry B. pray C. dig D. play 22. A. back B. bottom C. top D. edge 23. A. drop B. raise C. fall D. lift 24. A. keep B. thank C. forgive D. honor 25. A. remembered B. punished C. removed D. replaced 26. A. silence B. heart C. peace D. memory 27. A. down B. up C. off D. around 28 A. birth B. passing C. loss D. starting 29. A. awoke B. reminded C. forgot D. apologized 30. A. simply B. hardly C. seriously D. angrily 【答案】11. B 12. B 13. A 14. D 15. C 16. A 17. C 18. B 19. D 20. A 21. C 22. B 23. A 24. D 25. D 26. C 27. D 28. B 29. C 30. A 【解析】 本文是一篇记叙文。作者的工作是做课堂观察以及负责和学生有关的培训项目，一次在观察 项目参加者 Donna 的课堂给作者留下了深刻的印象。 【11 题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：Donna 是参与这个项目的志愿者老师之一。A. job 工作；B. project 项目；C. observation 观察；D. course 课程。根据上文的 encourage a training program 可知，Donna 是参与这个项目（project）的志愿者老师之一，此处的 project 相当于前文的 program，故选B。 【12 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：有一天，我走进 Donna 的教室，坐在教室后面观察。A. checked 检查；B. watched 观察；C. noticed 注意到；D. waited 等待。根据第一段的 My job was to make classroom observations 可知，作者的工作就是进行课堂观察，所以此处说作者走进了教室，坐 在教室后面观察（watched），故选 B。 【13 题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：所有的学生都在做一项任务。A. task 任务；B. computer 电脑；C. problem 问题；D. farm 农场。根据 The student next to me was filling her page with “I Can’ts.” “I can’t kick the soccer ball.” “I can’t get Debbie to like me.” 可知，作者发现学生们都在做一项叫做“我不能”的任务（task），故选 A。 【14 题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：她的页面写满了一半，而且没有停顿的迹象。A. scenes 场景；B. senses 感觉；C. marks 标志；D. signs 迹象。根据空所在的句子可知，这个学生写了满满半页纸却没 有停下来的迹象（signs），故选 D。 【15 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我顺着这排位子走，发现每个人都在写句子，描述他们不会做的 事情。A. discussing 讨论；B. doing 做；C. describing 描写；D. drawing 画。根据 writing sentences 可知，每个人都在写一些描述（describing）自己不会做的事情，故选 C。 【16 题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这个活动引起了我的好奇心，所以我决定和老师核实一下到底发 生了什么事，但我注意到她也在忙着写东西。A. curiosity 好奇；B. suspect 怀疑；C. sympathy 同情心；D. worry 担忧。根据下文的 so I decided to check with the teacher 可知，作者想和老师 核实一下到底发生了什么事，可见作者对此事非常感兴趣，故选 A。 【17 题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这个活动引起了我的好奇心，所以我决定和老师核实一下到底 发生了什么事，但我注意到她也在忙着写东西。A. trapped 陷入困境的；B. strict 严格的；C. busy 忙碌额；D. successful 成功的。根据下文的“I can’t get John’s mother to come for a parents’ meeting.”可知，作者发现老师也在忙着写东西，be busy in doing 是固定搭配，意为“忙于 做……”，故选C。【18 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：“我没能让约翰的妈妈来参加家长会。”……我觉得最好别打断老 师。A. insert 嵌入；B. interrupt 打断；C. talk 谈话；D. request 要求。根据上文可知，作者发现 老师在写东西，觉得最好不要打断（interrupt）老师，故选 B。 【19 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：又过了十分钟，学生们被要求把纸对折，拿到前面来。A. taught 教 授；B. shown 展示；C. forced 强迫；D. instructed 通知。根据 old the papers in half and bring them to the front，教师让学生们把纸对折交上去，instruct sb. to do sth.意为“告知某人做”， 在此句中用作被动语态，sth. be instructed to do，故选 D。 20 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后 Donna 也放入了自己的纸条。她把盒子盖上，夹在腋下，然 后出门。A. added 添加；B. wrote 写；C. made 制作；D. folded 折叠。根据前文可知，Donna 也 写了纸条，她把自己的也放进（added）了盒子里面，故选 A。 【21 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们在那里开始挖掘。A. cry 哭泣；B. pray 祈祷；C. dig 挖；D. play 玩。根据前文的 Donna got a shovel(铁铲)和下文的 of the hole 可知，Donna 带着铁铲准备挖（dig） 洞，故选 C。 【22 题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：“我不能”的盒子被放在洞的底部，然后很快被泥土覆盖。A. back 后 背；B. bottom 底部；C. top 顶部；D. edge 边缘。根据常识可知，装满“我不能”的盒子放在 洞底（bottom）以便更好地埋起来，故选 B。 【23 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：这时，Donna 宣布:“孩子们，请手牵手，低下你们的头。他们很快 在坟墓周围围成一圈。A. drop 下降；B. raise 举起；C. fall 落下；D. lift 举起。根据语境可知， Donna 带着孩子们祭奠死去的“我不能”，孩子们牵起了手，低下了头，drop one’s head 意为“低 下头”，故选A。 【24 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：Donna 发表了悼词。“朋友们，我们今天聚集在这里纪念‘我不能’。 A. keep 保持；B. thank 感谢；C. forgive 原谅；D. honor 纪念。根据 Donna delivered the eulogy(悼词).可知，Donna 念起了悼词纪念（honor）“我不能”的逝去，故选 D。 【【25 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他被他的兄弟姐妹们‘我能’和‘我愿意’所代替。A. remembered 记住； B. punished 惩罚；C. removed 移动；D. replaced 代替。根据语境可知，“我不能”被“我能” 和“我愿意”代替，be replaced by 意为“被……所取代”，故选D。 【26 题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：愿‘我不能’安息。A. silence 寂静；B. heart 心；C. peace 和平； D. memory 记忆。根据上文内容可知，这是在参加追悼会，所以愿“我不能”安息，符合语境。 in peace 意为“平静地、平和地”，故选C。 【27 题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：她把学生们调转过来，让他们列队走进教室。A.down 向下；B.up 向上；C.off 脱离；D.around 在周围。根据 marched them back into the classroom 可知， 悼词宣读完毕之后，Donna 让学生们转过来。turn sb. around 意为“把……转过来”，而 Turn…down 把……调小、Turn…up 把……调大、Turn…off 把……关掉，与题意不符，故选 D。 【28 题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们庆祝“我不能” 逝去。A. birth 生日；B. passing 逝世；C. loss 损失；D. starting 开始。根据前文可知，Donna 和学生们埋葬了“我不能”，说明“我不能”已 经逝去（passing）了，故选 B。 【29 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：当一个学生偶尔忘了而说了“我不能”时，Donna 只是指着那张纸墓 碑。A. awoke 醒着；B. reminded 提醒；C. forgot 忘记；D. apologized 道歉。根据 said, “I Can’t,” 可知，当学生忘了（forgot）“我不能”已经逝去而脱口而出，故选 C。 【30 题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：当一个学生偶尔忘了而说了“我不能”时，Donna 只是指着那张纸墓 碑。A. simply 仅仅；B. hardly 几乎不；C. seriously 严肃地；D. angrily 生气地。当学生们 说“我不能”时，Donna 只是（simply）指着纸墓碑来提醒学生们，故选 A。 第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，40 分） 第一节（共 15 小题；每小题 2 分，共 30 分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答 的题卡上将该项涂黑。 A Do you want to go out to eat with your kids? Here are some restaurants that are good for kids in downtown Los Angeles. Grand Café Tel: (213) 356-4155 Do you need a place that opens as early as your kids wake up? Then go to Grand Café. Families can order breakfast off the menu or enjoy the buffet. Because of the variety, buffets seem to be an easy option for families with picky eaters. There are many options for the different moods of all family members. Tel: (213) 623-8301 Nickel Diner was listed in Los Angeles Magazines as one of “LA’s Best New Restaurants”. The space is small, but the menu is wonderfully large. The atmosphere is quiet and relaxed, which makes it easy to bring the kids. One of the most attractive things about Nickel Diner is its unique menu of breakfast foods. Lucky Strike Bowl Tel: (213) 542-4880 There’s nothing like a good game of bowling to add some happiness to the family outing. Why not take the family to a place where you can bowl while eating? Try their homemade Belgium fries, the mini burgers, flatbread pizza, or crispy tacos. Downtown LA’s Lucky Strike Bowl will never make you and your kids disappointed. Kula Tel: (213) 290-9631 Kula is an exciting sushi bar and is a big hit for little sushi eaters. Kula’s concept includes providing “a high standard of natural organic foods” and they use 100% organic rice. If your child is not a sushi eater, there are also many other options. 31. Who would most probably go to eat at Grand Café? A. People who love organic foods. B. People who want to play while eating.C. People who love a quiet eating environment. D. People who want to serve themselves in a restaurant. 32. Which of the following aspects of Kula most attractive to eaters? A It has many other options. B. It offers very healthy foods. C. It allows kids to run around. D. It offers different kinds of rice. 33. What is the purpose of the passage? A. To encourage people to go to Los Angeles. B. To compare some kid-friendly restaurants. C. To recommend some nice foods in the city. D. To recommend some kid-friendly restaurants. 【答案】31. D 32. B 33. D 【解析】 本文是一篇说明文。主要内容是介绍了几家适合儿童的餐馆。 【31 题详解】 细节理解题。根据 Grand Café 部分的 Because of the variety, buffets seem to be an easy option for families with picky eaters.（由于种类繁多，自助餐对于那些挑食的家庭来说似乎是一个简单的 选择）可知，想在餐馆里自己用餐的人最有可能去 Grand Café 吃饭。故选 D。 【32 题详解】 细节理解题。根据 Kula 部分的 Kula’s concept includes providing “a high standard of natural organic foods” and they use 100% organic rice.（Kula 的理念包括提供“高标准的天然有机食品”， 他们使用 100%的有机大米。）可知，Kula 在提供非常健康的食物这个方面最吸引食客。故选 B。 【33 题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段的 Here are some restaurants that are good for kids in downtown Los Angeles.（这里有一些在洛杉矶市区适合孩子们的餐馆）可知，这篇文章的目的是推荐一些适 合儿童的餐馆。故选 D。 B When 19-year-old Sophia Giorgi said she was thinking of volunteering to help the Make-A-Wish Foundation (基金会)，nobody understood what she was talking about .But Sophia knew just how important Make – A –Wish could be because this special organization had helped to make a dream come true for one her best friends .We were interested in finding out more so we went along to meet Sophia listen to what she had to say . Sophia told us that Make – A –Wish is a worldwide organization that started in the United States in 1980.”It’s a charity(慈善机构)that helps children who have got very serious illnesses. Make – A – Wish help children feel happy even though they are sick, by making their wishes and dreams come true ,” Sophia explained . We asked Sophia how Make – A –Wish had first started .She said it had all begun with a very sick young boy called Chris ,who had been dreaming for a long time of becoming a policeman .Sophia said lots of people had wanted to find a way to make Chris’s dream come true ----so, with everybody’s help , Chris, only seven years old at the time ,had been a “policeman” for a day .” when people saw how delighted Chris was when his dream came true, they decided to try and help other sick children too ,and that was the beginning of Make – A –Wish,” explained Sophia Sophia also told us the Foundation tries to give children and their families a special, happy time. A Make-A-Wish volunteer visits the families and asks the children what they would wish for if they could have anything in the world. Sophia said the volunteers were important because they were the ones who helped to make the wishes come true. They do this either by providing things that are necessary, or by raising money or helping out in whatever way they can. 34. Sophia found out about Make-A-Wish because her best friend had . A. volunteered to help it B. benefited from it C. dreamed about it D. told the author about it 35. According to Sophia, Make-A-Wish . A. is an international charity B. was understood by nobody at first C. raises money for very poor families D. started by drawing the interest of the public 36. What is said about Chris in Paragraph3? A. He has been a policeman since he was seven. B. He gave people the idea of starting Make-A-Wish C. He wanted people to help make his dream come true. D. He was the first child Make-A-Wish helped after it had been set up.37. Which of the following is true about Make-A-Wish volunteers? A. They are important for making wishes come true. B. They try to help children get over their illnesses. C. They visit sick children to make them feel special. D. They provide what is necessary to make Make-A-Wish popular. 【答案】34. B 35. A 36. B 37. A 【解析】 本文是一篇记叙文，通过十九岁的 Sophia Giorgi 的讲述介绍了 Make-A-Wish Foundation 世界 基金会的一些信息。Make —A—Wish 是 1980 年开始于美国的一家世界慈善机构。帮助那些 患有疾病的儿童实现一个愿望。 【34 题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章首段 because this special organization had helped to make a dream come true for one her best friends 可 知 这 个 组 织 帮 助 了 她 的 一 个 好 朋 友 ， 所 以 索 菲 亚 发 现 了 “Make-A-Wish”是因为她最好的朋友。故选 B。 【35 题详解】 细 节 理 解 题 。 根 据 文 章 第 二 段 Sophia told us that Make – A –Wish is a worldwide organization …….”It’s a charity(慈善机构)that helps children ……可知，Make – A –Wish 是一个国 际慈善机构，故选 A。 【36 题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第三段中 She said it had all begun with a very sick young boy called Chris , 可知，她说这一切都始于一个名叫克里斯的重病男孩。所以创办 Make-A-Wish 的想法是 Chris 提出的，故选 B。 【37 题详解】 细节理解题。从文章末段 Sophia said the volunteers were important because they were the ones who helped to make the wishes come true.可知，索菲亚说，志愿者很重要，因为他们是帮助实现 愿望的人。所以这些志愿者在帮助人们实现梦想方面是非常重要的，故选 A。 C Essentially, everyone has two ages: a chronological(按时间计算的) age, how old the calendar says you are, and a biological age, basically the age at which your body functions as it compares to average fitness or health levels.“Chronological age isn’t how old we really are. It’s merely a number,” said Professor David Sinclair at Harvard University. “It is biological age that determines our health and ultimately our lifespan(寿命). We all age biologically at different rates according to our genes, what we eat, how much we exercise, and what environment we live in. Biological age is the number of candles we really should be blowing out. In the future, with advances in our ability to control biological age, we may have even fewer candles on our birthday cake than the previous one.” To calculate biological age, Professor Levine at Yale University identified nine bio-markers that seemed to be the most influential on lifespan by a simple blood test. The numbers of those markers, such as blood sugar and immune measures, can be put into the computer, and the algorithm (算法) does the rest. Perhaps what’s most important here is that these measures can be changed. Doctors can take this information and help patients make changes to lifestyle, and hopefully take steps to improve their biological conditions. “I think the most exciting thing about this research is that these things aren’t set in stone,” Levine said. “People can be given the information earlier and take steps to improve their health before it’s too late.” Levine even entered her own numbers into the algorithm. She was surprised by the results. “I always considered myself a very healthy person. I’m physically active; I eat what I consider a fairly healthy diet. But I did not find my results to be as good as I had hoped they would be. It was a wake-up call,” she said. Levine is working with a group to provide access to the algorithm online so that anyone can calculate their biological age, identify potential risks and take steps to improve their own health in the long run. “No one wants to live an extremely long life with a lot of chronic diseases,” Levine said. “By delaying the development of mental and physical functioning problems, people can still be engaged in society in their senior years. That is the ideal we should be pursuing.” 38. Biological age depends on __________. A. what the calendar says about our age B. when we start to take outdoor exercise C. whether we can adapt ourselves to the environment D. how well our body works compared with our peers’ 39. What does the author mean by saying the underlined part in Paragraph 2?A. We are chronologically older than last year. B. We might be less happy than the previous year. C. We don’t have to celebrate our birthday every year. D. We may be biologically younger than the year before. 40. What does the author want to tell us by Levine’s example in Paragraph 5? A. It is necessary to change our diet regularly. B. The test results may give us wrong information. C. Waking up early in the morning is good for our fitness. D. The algorithm can reveal our potential health problems. 41. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage? A. Bio-markers Can Make Us Younger B. Chronological Age and Biological Age C. Old People can Still be Engaged in Society D. Biological Age can Lag behind or Exceed Chronological Age 【答案】38. D 39. D 40. D 41. D 【解析】 本文是一篇说明文。我们的生理年龄可能会因为我们的基因、饮食、运动量以及所处的环境 不同，生理年龄有可能落后于或者超过实际年龄。 【38 题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段的 a biological age, basically the age at which your body functions as it compares to average fitness or health levels.（生物年龄，基本上就是你的身体机能与平均健康水 平相比的年龄）可知，生物年龄取决于我们的身体与同龄人相比有多好。故选 D。 【39 题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段的 In the future, with advances in our ability to control biological age, we may have even fewer candles on our birthday cake than the previous one.（在未来，随着我们控制生 物年龄的能力的提高，我们生日蛋糕上的蜡烛可能会比以前更少）和常识可知，过生日插生 日蜡烛指的是生理年龄的增长，由此判断出，第二段划线部分是指我们的生理年龄可能比前 一年年轻。故选 D。 【40 题详解】 推理判断题。根据第五段的 She was surprised by the results.（她对结果感到惊讶）和 But I did not find my results to be as good as I had hoped they would be.（但是我发现我的成绩没有我希望 的那么好。）可推知，作者通过 Levine 的例子告诉我们这个算法可以揭示我们潜在的健康问题。 故选 D。 【41 题详解】 主旨大意题。通读全文以及“Chronological age isn’t how old we really are. It’s merely a number,” （实际年龄并不是我们真正的年龄。这只是一个数字）和 We all age biologically at different rates according to our genes, what we eat, how much we exercise, and what environment we live in. （根据我们的基因、饮食、运动量以及所处的环境，我们的生理衰老速度各不相同）可知， 我们的生理年龄可能会因为我们的基因、饮食、运动量以及所处的环境不同，生理年龄有可 能落后于或者超过实际年龄，故 D 选项“生物年龄可能落后于或超过实际年龄”可以作为本 文最好的标题，故选 D。 D Don’t Blame Robots for Low Wages The other day I found myself at a conference discussing declining wages and increasing inequality. One thing that struck me was how many of the participants just assumed that robots are a big part of the problem. But automation just isn’t a big part of the story what happened to American workers over the past 40 years. We do have a big problem, but it has very little to do with technology, and a lot to do with politics and power. Economically speaking, a robot is anything that uses technology to do work formerly done by human beings. And robots in that sense have been transforming our economy for centuries. David Ricardo, a founding father of economics, wrote about the destructive effects of machinery in 1821. These days, when people talk about the robot destruction, they don’t usually think of things like strip mining(露天采矿) and mountaintop removal(削山开采). Yet these technologies completely transformed coal mining: Coal production almost doubled between 1950 and 2000, yet the number of coal miners fell from 470,000 to fewer than 80,000. So the destruction brought by technological change is an old story. What’s new is the failure of workers to share in the fruits of that technological change. I’m not saying that coping with change was ever easy. But while there have always been some victims of technological progress, until the 1970s rising productivity translated into rising wages for a great majority of workers. Then the connection was broken. And it wasn’t the robots that did it.What did? There is a growing agreement among economists that a key factor in wage decreasing has been worker’s declining bargaining power—a decline whose roots are ultimately political. Most obviously, the federal minimum wage has fallen by a third over the past half century, even as worker productivity has risen 150 percent, which rooted in politics, pure and simple. The decline of unions, which covered a quarter of private-sector workers in 1973 but only 6 percent now, may not be as obviously political. But other countries haven’t seen the same kind of decline. What made America exceptional was a political environment deeply unfriendly to labor organizing and friendly toward union-destroying employers. And the decline of unions has made a huge difference. Consider trucking, which used to be a good job but now pays a third less than it did in the 1970s, with terrible working conditions. What made the difference? Deunionization was a big part of the story. American workers can and should be getting a much better deal than they are. And to the extent that they aren’t, the fault lies not in our robots, but in our political leader. 42. The people present at the conference about lower wages and increasing inequality _________. A. believed that robots have contributed to wage decline B. agreed that robots should be used to help increase wages C. predicted that lower wages and increasing inequality would relate to robots D. assumed that lower wages and increasing inequality rooted in politics and power 43. The author mentions the case of the coal mining to show _________. A. the robot destruction started from coal mining B. the influence of the technology on jobs is not a new phenomenon C. the number of jobs increases as a result of technological advancement D. strip mining and mountaintop removal completely changed the coal mining industry 44. According to the passage, we know that _________. A. the destructive effects of machinery started in 1821 B. 25% of private-sector workers were covered by unions in 1973 C. rising productivity didn’t bring about rising wages until the 1970s D. the minimum wage has decreased with the dropping of worker productivity 45. What’s the main idea of the passage? A. Technological changes have resulted in lower wages.B. Political leaders have intended to shift people’s attention from robots. C. The decline in wages has resulted from bad policies rather than the application of robots. D. Technological changes have contributed to rising wages instead of causing unemployment. 【答案】42. A 43. B 44. B 45. C 【解析】 本文是一篇议论文。本文主要就工资的下降问题造成的原因展开了讨论，作者认为工资的下 降是政策原因导致的，而非科技的应用。 【42 题详解】 细 节 理 解 题 。 根 据 第 一 段 的 a conference discussing declining wages and increasing inequality.…how many of the participants just assumed that robots are a big part of the problem.（讨 论工资下降和不平等加剧的问题……许多参与者只是认为机器人是问题的主要原因）可知， 出席会议的人认为，认为机器人导致了工资的下降。故选 A。 【43 题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段的 And robots in that sense have been transforming our economy for centuries.（几个世纪以来，机器人一直在改变着我们的经济）和下文的 Yet these technologies completely transformed coal mining（这些技术彻底改变了煤炭开采）由此判断出，作者以煤矿 开采为例说明技术对就业的影响并不是一个新现象。故选 B。 【44 题详解】 细节理解题。根据第五段的 The decline of unions, which covered a quarter of private-sector workers in 1973 but only 6 percent now, may not be as obviously political.（在 1973 年，工会使私 营部门四分之一的工人获得保障）可知， 1973 年有 25%的私营部门工人得到了工会的保障。 故选 B。 【45 题详解】 主旨大意题。通读全文以及文章的第一段的 We do have a big problem, but it has very little to do with technology, and a lot to do with politics and power.（我们确实有一个大问题，但它与技术关 系不大，而与政治和权力关系很大）和最后一段内 American workers can and should be getting a much better deal than they are. And to the extent that they aren’t, the fault lies not in our robots, but in our political leader.可知，美国工人可以而且应该得 到比现在更好的待遇。在某种程度上，他们没得到，错不在我们的机器人，而是在我们的政 治领袖。所以本文主要就工资的下降问题造成的原因展开了讨论，作者认为政策原因导致的，而非科技的应用。由此可知，C 选项（工资的下降是由于糟糕的政策，而不是机器人的应用） 可以概括本文内容，故选 C。 第二节（共 5 小题；每小题 2 分，共 10 分） Procrastination(拖延症) Tech Support Choosing between immediate satisfaction and future benefit can easily lead to shortsighted decisions: Watching TV instead of going to the gym, for example, or going through social media rather than working on a challenging project. ___46___ To guide individuals toward greatest choices, Falk Lieder, a cognitive(认知) scientist, and his colleagues designed a digital tool called a “cognitive prosthesis.” It uses artificial intelligence to match a decision’s immediate reward with its long-term worth after making a to-do list. The researchers developed a set of models and algorithms(算法) that consider various elements such as a list of tasks, an individual’s unwillingness to each and the amount of time available. ____47____ It helps to encourage that person to complete them all. The idea was to turn the challenging projects that people pursue in the real world into a game like environment. “The point system gives people achievable goals that signal that they’re making progress.” Lieder says. ___48___ The results, published online in August in Nature Human Behavior, revealed that the AI support system helped people make better, faster decisions and procrastinate less—and it made them more likely to complete all the assigned tasks. In one experiment, in which the researchers presented 120 participants with a list of several writing assignments. ____49____However, the rate was only 56 percent for those not using it. Lieder says one of the current tool’s limitations is that it can handle only short to-do lists.___50___ At the same time, they are working with a company called Complice to integrate the tool into an existing to-do list app. The researchers also plan to run field experiments to see how well their cognitive prosthesis succeed in the real world. A. People often struggle to do what’s best for them in the long run. B. The team tested this tool in a series of experiments with human subjects. C. The system then assigns reward points to each task in a way that is customized. D. And now, he and his team are trying to develop it up for a larger number of tasks. E. They found that 85 percent of individuals who used the tool completed all their tasks.F. A study was conducted to find a way to help people increase their decision-making ability. G. This tool is a convincing demonstration that procrastination is something that this strategy can help with quite a lot. 【答案】46. A 47. C 48. B 49. E 50. D 【解析】 【分析】 本文是一篇说明文。文章中介绍了一种人工智能支持系统能帮助人们做出更好、更快的决策， 减少拖延，使得他们更有可能完成任务。 【46 题详解】 根据上文 Watching TV instead of going to the gym, for example, or going through social media rather than working on a challenging project.（看电视而不是去健身房，或者通过社交媒体而不是 从事一个有挑战性的项目）可知，A 选项能承接上文内容，从长远来看，人们更愿意选择对自 己最好的事情去做，故选 A。 【47 题详解】 根据上文的 The researchers developed a set of models and algorithms(算法) that consider various elements such as a list of tasks, an individual’s unwillingness to each and the amount of time available. （研究人员开发了一套模型和算法，这些模型和算法考虑了各种因素，比如任务列表、个人 不愿做的事情以及可用的时间）可知，C 选项（然后系统以自定义的方式为每个任务分配奖励 点）承接上文内容，then 说明了时间顺序，选项中的 task 和前文的 tasks 相呼应，reward points （奖励点）有助于鼓励人们完成任务。故选 C。 【48 题详解】 根据下文的 The results, published online in August in Nature Human Behavior, revealed that the AI support system helped people make better, faster decisions and procrastinate less—and it made them more likely to complete all the assigned tasks.（今年 8 月发表在《自然-人类行为》(Nature Human Behavior)杂志网络版上的研究结果显示，人工智能支持系统帮助人们做出更好、更快 的决策，减少了拖延，而且还让他们更有可能完成所有分配的任务）句中的 the results 的结果 是特指的，可推知 B 选项（这个团队在一系列的人体实验中测试了这个工具并得出结果）中 可承接下文内容，故选 B。 【49 题详解】 根据上下文可知，E 选项中的 they 指代前文的 researchers，且选项中 tasks 和前文 assignments相呼应，选项中 who used the tool 和下文的 those not using it 相呼应，且语义（他们发现 85%使 用该工具的人完成了所有的任务）承接上下文，故选 E。 【50 题详解】 根据上下文可知，D 选项中的 he 指代前文的 Lieder，且选项中 a larger number of tasks 和 short to-do lists 相呼应，且语义（现在，他和他的团队正在努力开发更多的任务）承接上下文，故 选 D。 【点睛】单词复现法是七选五常用的大题技巧之一，单词复现有两种形式：一种选项和原文 中的某些词相同或互为词根词缀的形式，一种是选项和原文中的某些词或词组以同义词或词 组的形式。比如第 2 题，选项中和前文中是原词复现，属于第一种形式；第 4 题，选项中 tasks 和前文 assignments 相呼应，选项中 who used the tool 和下文的 those not using it 相呼应，属于 第二种形式。 第三部分：书面表达（共两节，35 分） 第一节（15 分） 51.假设你是红星中学的学生会主席李华。近日，学校将为在你校学习的交换生召开一次视频 会议。请你代表学生会给交换生们在微信中发一个“群公告”，内容包括： 1. 告知会议时间、内容及目的； 2. 提示做好会前准备。 注意：词数不少于 50。 ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________ 【答案】Hello, everyone! Please kindly know that an online video conference will be held at 14:00 this Wednesday! All the exchange students must take part in it so that the information of individual protection from being attacked by virus can be widely known during the special period. Make sure to make room for the conference and take notes if necessary. 【解析】 【分析】本文是一篇应用文。在微信群中发布一个“群公告”，告知交换生关于视频会议的信息。 【详解】第一步：根据提示可知，在微信群中发布一个“群公告”，告知交换生关于视频会议 的信息。 第二步：根据写作要求，确定关键词（组），如：online video conference, exchange students, take part in, protection, attacked by 等。 第三步：确定文章结构，本文可以采取一段，题干限 50 词，建议采用长句完成，3-4 句即可。 第四步：根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。此处文章主要 用一般现在时或将来时。 第五步：连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰， 保持整洁美观的卷面是非常重要的。 【点睛】范文内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当，布局工整。作者在范文中使用了 较多高级表达方式。 that 引导的宾语从句：Please kindly know that an online video conference will be held at 14:00 this Wednesday! so that 引导的目的状语从句：All the exchange students must take part in it so that the information of individual protection from being attacked by virus can be widely known during the special period. 第二节（20 分） 52.假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。下面四幅图描述了你在家做饭时发生的小意外。请根据 以下四幅图的先后顺序，用英语写一篇日记，记述你处理意外的全过程。 注意：词数不少于 60。 提示词：煤气炉 gas stove；锅铲 cooking shovel________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________ 【答案】I have been fascinated by cooking recently. One day, the phone rang when I was cooking with a recipe in my left hand and a cooking shovel in other hand scrambling the dish. I picked up the phone making it be online for several minutes. To my astonishment, the gas stove suddenly caught fire. Without hesitation, I immediately put the lid onto the fry pan to separate the fire from the air. My mother praised me because of my action .I took in case of emergency, and the dishes I cooked. 【解析】 【分析】 本文是一篇应用文（日记）。根据题干中的 4 张图片的内容，写一篇日记。 【详解】第一步：根据提示可知，根据题干中的 4 张图片的内容，描述在家做饭时发生的小 意外，写一篇日记。 第二步：根据写作要求，确定关键词（组），如：gas stove, cooking shovel, be fascinated by, recipe, scramble, catch fire, separate…from…等。 第三步：确定文章结构，本文写一段即可，因为是描述故事的发展，切记只采用短小的句子，多用从句和复合结构将句子串联起来。 第四步：根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。此处文章主要 用一般过去时。 第五步：连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰， 保持整洁美观的卷面是非常重要的。 【点睛】范文内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当，布局工整。作者在范文中使用了 较多高级表达方式。 with 的复合结构：One day, the phone rang when I was cooking with a recipe in my left hand and a cooking shovel in other hand scrambling the dish. 动词 ing 做状语：I picked up the phone making it be online for several minutes. 省略了关系代词 that 的定语从句：…because of my action I took in case of emergency.