西城区高三年级英语诊断性考试试卷
第一部分：知识运用（共两节，45 分）
第一节 语法填空（共 10 小题；每小题 1.5 分，共 15 分）
A
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写 1 个适当的单词，在给出
提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Mia rushed home and threw open the front door. Her mother turned around, surprised that Mia
was home from school so early. “I won first place in the art contest!” she said ___1___ pride and
raised her head, expecting praise. Though Mia ___2___ (work) eagerly on her art submission for
weeks, her mother wasn’t sure ___3___ he project involved. “That’s wonderful, Mia! What was the
subject of your art project?” her mother asked. Smiling from ear to ear, Mia handed over her artwork.
It was a portrait of her mother.
【答案】1. with
2. had worked/worked
3. what
【解析】
本文是一篇记叙文，描述了米娅在艺术比赛中得第一名（她的作品是一张妈妈的画像）后回
到家告诉妈妈这一好消息时的情景。
1 题详解】
考查介词。句意：“我在艺术比赛中得了第一名！”她骄傲地说。分析句子结构并结合句意
可知此处需要用“with+抽象名词”作伴随状语，表示“骄傲地”，故填with。
【2 题详解】
考查时态。句意：尽管米娅已经为她提交的这个艺术作品忙活了好几个星期，她的母亲却不
知道她在忙什么。事情发生在过去，应该用一般过去时，也可理解成动作发生在过去的过去，
用过去完成时，故填 had worked/worked。
【3 题详解】
考查宾语从句。句意同上，此处为宾语从句，从句中的 involved 缺少宾语，故填 what。
B
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写 1 个适当的单词，在给出
【提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
A study found that adults aged 18 to 33 checked their smartphones 85 times a day, or once every
10 minutes. As I learned during my experiment, ___4___ (place) some distance between myself and
my device helped me devote myself to my work more ___5___ (easy). By not having my smartphone,
my distraction(消遣) time went down and thus my work time ___6___ (spend) more efficiently and
effectively. On numerous occasions, I found ___7___ (I) wondering what to do with the afternoon
since I had already completed my high-impact tasks for the day. With the extra time, I can finally
enjoy the pleasures of life.
【答案】4. placing
5. easily 6. was spent
7. myself
【解析】
本文是一篇说明文，作者通过亲自试验证明了远离手机能让工作更有效。
【4 题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：在我和手机之间保持一些距离帮助我更容易地投入到工作中。分析
句子结构可知此处用动名词作主语，故填 placing。
【5 题详解】
考查副词。句意同上。修饰动词短语“devote myself to my work”用副词，故填 easily。
【6 题详解】
考查时态语态。句意：由于没有手机，我分心的时间减少了，因此我的工作时间更有效率。
陈述的是过去的事情，主语 my work time 与 spend 之间是被动关系，所以用一般过去时的被动
语态，且谓语动词用单数，故填 was spent。
【7 题详解】
考查反身代词。句意：很多时候，我发现自己都在想下午该做什么，因为我已经完成了当天
的重要任务。根据句意可知此处表示“我自己”，故填myself。
C
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写 1 个适当的单词，在给出
提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
In June 2012, China’ s first manned deep-sea submersible(潜水器), Jiaolong, set a world diving
record for submersibles of its kind by reaching a ___8___ (deep) of 7,062 meters in the Mariana Trench in the Pacific Ocean. In 2017, China successfully tested a submersible ___9___ (call) Shenhai
Yongshi, capable of diving 4,500 meters. ___10___ much of Jiaolong’s equipment was imported,
about 95 percent of Shenhai Yongshi and its core components were produced domestically, said Xu
Qinan, the chief designer of Jiaolong.
【答案】8. depth
9. called 10. While/Although/Though
【解析】
本文是一篇说明文，介绍了“蛟龙”号潜水器和“深海勇士”号潜水器的设备及其下潜情况。
【8 题详解】
考查名词。句意：2012 年 6 月，中国第一艘载人深潜器“蛟龙”号在太平洋马里亚纳海沟下
潜 7062 米，创造了潜水器下潜深度的世界纪录。作动词 reaching 的宾语用名词，a depth of 表
示“深度达多少”，故填depth。
【9 题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：2017 年，中国成功测试了一种名为“深海勇士”的潜水器，其潜水
深度达到 4500 米。分析句子结构可知此处使用非谓语动词，submersible 与 call 之间是逻辑上
的动宾关系，表示被动，用过去分词作后置定语，故填 called。
【10 题详解】
考查让步状语从句。句意：“蛟龙”号的首席设计师徐启南说，虽然“蛟龙”号的大部分设
备都是进口的，但“深海勇士”号 95%左右的设备及其核心部件都是国产的。分析句子结构
并 结 合 句 意 可 知 此 处 为 让 步 状 语 从 句 ， 此 处 表 示 “ 尽 管 、 虽 然 ”， 故 填
While/Although/Though。
第二节 完形填空（共 20 小题；每小题 1.5 分，共 30 分）
One morning in July 2011, a taxi sat wandering outside Petco Park stadium in San Diego. And
Wade LeBlanc, a (an) ___11___ pitcher (棒球投手) for the Padres, climbed in.” To the airport,
please,” he told the driver. LeBlanc was headed to Tucson, Arizona, home of the club’s A-level branch
organization at the time. He’d been sent down to the minors. Again. For the eighth time in three years.
“You’re Wade LeBlanc,” the taxi driver said.
“Right.”
“You got some good stuff.”
This ___12___ the pitcher, after the previous night’s disastrous performance.“I think there are some things you should think about ___13___,” the driver continued.” I don ’t
know; I ’m not a ___14___. Maybe something like going over your head in your windup (摆臂动作)”
Wait, what? This guy was offering ___15___? Earlier in his career, LeBlanc might have
___16___ Or been angry. But today, he just___17___. He couldn’t afford to dismiss anything. His
career was on the line.
The next day, in Tucson, LeBlanc met his ___18___. He said he was thinking about making
___19___ to his windup. His coach agreed. Instead of keeping his hands tight to his chest at the
beginning of his delivery, LeBlanc raised them briefly over his head, as the taxi driver had ___20___.
LeBlanc included the new ___21___ into his next start. And he was
___22___, allowing only one hit over seven innings ( 回 合 ). It was the turning point in his
career. Eight years later, LeBlanc is a pitcher for the Seattle Mariners. He signed the first contract
extension of his Major League Baseball career—at age 33.
The funny thing about advice: We so often take it from the ___23___ people. That is, we
___24___ the advice of experts, while undervaluing the input of regular folk. Wade LeBlanc
___25___ that trend, and he obtained the ___26___.
“Expert advisers often make surprisingly inaccurate predictions about the future, yet people
___27___ their suggestions nevertheless,” concluded Stanford University psychologists in a study
published last year.
Now, not everyone took experts’ advice. The more ___28___ people become, the smaller the
pool of advisers they ___29___. Participants in positions of power ignored almost two thirds of the
advice they received, according to one Harvard University study. Other participants—the control and
low power groups—ignored advice about half as often. So it required a massive increase of modesty
(谦虚) to do what Wade LeBlanc did: hear what the taxi driver was offering him and accept it as a(an)
___30___.
11. A. excellent B. struggling C. ambitious D. awkward
12. A. surprised B. concerned C. disturbed D. angered
13. A. avoiding B. making C. trying D. crossing
14. A. player B. director C. joker D. loser
15. A. service B. advice C. chances D. courses
16. A. accepted B. worried C. smiled D. laughed17. A. explained B. interrupted C. listened D. guessed
18. A. parents B. coach C. driver D. fans
19. A. changes B. contributions C. additions D. objectives
20. A. included B. announced C. suggested D. resisted
21. A. aim B. effect C. hobby D. move
22. A. patient B. optimistic C. brilliant D. justified
23. A. attractive B. popular C. humble D. wrong
24. A. overvalue B. skip C. ignore D. involve
25. A. identified B. supported C. opposed D. started
26. A. qualifications B. benefits C. prize D. degree
27. A. follow B. abandon C. provide D. improve
28. A. literary B. successful C. careful D. negative
29. A. tolerate B. help C. know D. trust
30. A. job B. example C. excuse D. gift
【答案】11. B 12. A 13. C 14. A 15. B 16. D 17. C 18. B 19. A
20. C 21. D 22. C 23. D 24. A 25. C 26. B 27. A 28. B 29. D
30. D
【解析】
【分析】
本文是一篇夹叙夹议文，用韦德·勒布朗虚心接受出租车司机的建议改变自己的投球动作最
后取得成功的例子告诉我们：我们往往会高估专家的建议，而低估普通人的建议，而事实上
我们经常会从普通人那里得到非常有用的建议，一个人要想成功，就要虚心接受普通人给的
建议。
【11 题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：韦德·勒布朗，一名在教士队表现十分挣扎的投手，爬上车。
A. excellent 优秀的；B. struggling 奋斗的、挣扎的；C. ambitious 有抱负的；D. awkward 笨拙的。
根据下文中的“His career was on the line.”可知，韦德·勒布朗的棒球生涯岌岌可危，因此他
在球队的表现得十分挣扎，故 B 项正确。
【12 题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：这让韦德·勒布朗感到很惊讶，因为前一晚的比赛他表现得很糟糕。A. surprised 使惊讶；B. concerned 使担心；C. disturbed 打扰；D. angered 使发怒。根据空
后的“after the previous night’s disastrous”可知，前一晚的比赛他表现得很糟糕，而司机却夸
他表现还不错，这让韦德·勒布朗感到很惊讶，故 A 项正确。
【13 题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：“我觉得有些动作你应该考虑试一试，”司机继续说，“我不是
球员，我也说不清，我想可能是在你的摆臂动作中手臂要超过头顶”。A. avoiding 避免；B.
making 制作；C. trying 尝试；D. crossing 横过。根据空后的“Maybe something like going over your
head in your windup”可知，司机让他考虑试一试新的动作，故 C 项正确。
【14 题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A. player 运动员、球员；B. director 导演；C. joker 爱开玩笑的
人；D. loser 失败者。根据上文可知，韦德·勒布朗是一名棒球运动员，司机和他谈论棒球的
投球动作，因此司机说他并不是一名运动员，故 A 项正确。
【15 题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：什么?这家伙在提建议?在职业生涯的早期，勒布朗可能会大笑（含
不屑之意）或生气，今天，他只是在耐心地听着。A. service 服务；B. advice 建议；C. chances
机会；D. courses 过程。上一句司机说让他试一下在摆臂动作中手臂要超过头顶，这是司机给
他提的建议，故 B 项正确。
【16 题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. accepted 接受；B. worried 担心；C. smiled 微笑；D. laughed
发笑。根据空后的“Or been angry.”可知，要是在以前，勒布朗对司机的话会不屑地大笑，
故 D 项正确。
【17 题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. explained 解释；B. interrupted 打断；C. listened 倾听；D.
guessed 猜想。空后一句说现在他不能无视任何一条建议，他的棒球生涯岌岌可危，因此他不
会像以前一样对司机的话置之不理，而是会耐心地倾听，故 C 项正确。
【18 题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：第二天，在图森，勒布朗遇到了他的教练。A. parents 父母；B. coach
教练；C. driver 司机；D. fans 粉丝。根据空后的“His coach agreed”可知，勒布朗遇到了他的
教练，故 B 项正确。
【19 题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：他说他在考虑对摆臂动作做一些改变。A. changes 改变；B.
contributions 贡献；C. additions 附加物；D. objectives 宗旨。根据上文中的“Maybe something like
going over your head in your windup”可知，那个司机建议他在摆臂动作中手臂要超过头顶，因
此勒布朗和教练说想要对他的摆臂动作做一些改变，故 A 项正确。
【20 题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：开始投球时，勒布朗并没有把双手紧紧地放在胸前，而是按照出
租车司机的建议，把双手短暂地举过头顶。A. included 包括；B. announced 宣布； C. suggested
建议；D. resisted 抗拒。根据上文中的“Maybe something like going over your head in your windup”
可知，那个出租车司机建议勒布朗在摆臂动作中手臂超过头顶，故 C 项正确。
【21 题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：勒布朗在他的下一轮比赛中加入了这个新动作。A. aim 目的；B. effect
影响；C. hobby 爱好；D. move 动作。空前一句说投球时，勒布朗并没有把双手紧紧地放在胸
前，而是按照出租车司机的建议，把双手短暂地举过头顶，此处指的就是“把双手举过头顶”
这个动作，故 D 项正确。
【22 题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他真是太棒了，七局只被击出一支安打。A. patient 耐心的；B.
optimistic 乐观的；C. brilliant 杰出的；D. justified 合乎情理的。空后一句说勒布朗七局只被击
出一支安打，这说明他表现得非常出色，故 C 项正确。
【23 题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：关于建议有趣的一点是：我们经常从错误的人那里得到建议。
A. attractive 吸引人的；B. popular 受欢迎的；C. humble 谦逊的；D. wrong 错误的。根据上文情
节可知那个人既不是运动员也不是教练，只是一个出租车司机，却给了勒布朗非常有用的建
议，因此此处是说我们经常从错误的人（非专业人士）那里得到建议，故 D 项正确。
【24 题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：也就是说，我们往往会高估专家的建议，而低估普通人的投入（建
议）。A. overvalue 高估；B. skip 跳过；C. ignore 忽视；D. involve 包含。根据空后的“while
undervaluing the input of regular folk.”可知，而我们却低估了普通人的建议，这说明我们往往
会高估专家的建议，故 A 项正确。
【25 题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：韦德·勒布朗反对（违背了）这种趋势，结果从中获益。A. identified坚定；B. supported 支持；C. opposed 反对；D. started 开始。根据上文情节可知，勒布朗遵从
了那个司机的建议，这说明他反对（违背了）“高估专家的建议、而低估普通人的建议”这
种趋势，故 C 项正确。
26 题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A. qualifications 资格；B. benefits 益处；C. prize 奖品； D. degree
学位。根据上文中的“And he was___12___, allowing only one hit over seven innings”可知，勒
布朗在比赛中表现得非常出色，七局只被击出一支安打，这说明他从这个建议中获益了，故 B
项正确。
【27 题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：斯坦福大学心理学家在去年发表的一项研究中总结道：“专家顾问
对未来的预测往往出人意料地不准确，但人们还是会听从他们的建议。”。A. follow 跟随、遵
循；B. abandon 放弃；C. provide 提供；D. improve 改进。根据上文中的“That is, we ___14___
the advice of experts, while undervaluing the input of regular folk.”可知，我们往往会高估专家的
建议，而低估普通人的建议，因此我们往往会听从专家的建议，故 A 项正确。
【28 题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：越成功的人，他们信任的顾问就越少。A. literary 精通文学的；
B. successful 成功的；C. careful 认真的；D. negative 消极的。根据空后的“Participants in positions
of power”可知此处指“成功的”，故B 项正确。
【29 题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. tolerate 忍受；B. help 帮忙；C. know 了解；D. trust 信任。
后一句说哈佛大学一项研究显示，位高权重的参与者几乎忽视了三分之二的建议，这说明越
成功的人，他们信任的顾问就越少，故 D 项正确。
【30 题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：所以，要像韦德·勒布朗那样行事，要懂得谦虚：倾听出租车司
机给他的建议，当礼物一样接受它。A. job 工作；B. example 例子；C. excuse 借口；D. gift 礼
物。根据上文情节可知，勒布朗耐心地厅出租车司机给他的建议并听从了它，这也成为他职
业生涯的转折点，因此此处指“当礼物一样接受建议”，故D 项正确。
【点睛】本篇第 13 空 B 项 popular 干扰性较大，有些同学会认为我们经常从受欢迎的人那里
的得到建议而误选此项， 但根据上文中的“the taxi driver”可知，那个人既不是运动员也不是
教练，只是一个普通的出租车司机，却给了勒布朗非常有用的建议，因此此处是说我们经常
【从错误的人（非专业人士）那里得到建议，即：关于建议有趣的一点是：我们经常从错误的
人那里得到建议，故 D 项（wrong）正确。
第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，40 分）
A
Which meal kit service is right for you?
As the simple act of shopping and preparing food for dinner becomes harder to fit in, a way to
help meet consumer needs and change the way we shop and eat has grown: meal-delivery plans.
Here’s a quick review of some popular options:
1. HelloFresh
HelloFresh provides high-quality ingredients （烹饪原料） and generous portions（份量）,
with recipes that are generally easy to prepare. The clear, step-by-step instructions get even the newest
home chefs up to speed, and the recipe cards are well-made, so you can refer to your favorite recipes
again and again.
There are meals for almost any lifestyle, including vegetarian（素食）options, low- calorie
meals and “quick” recipes that get dinner on the table fast.
Cost: $8.75 to $9.99 per serving, with up to 16 servings per week.
2. Freshly
Get fresh, home-cooked food without the trouble of actually cooking. This subscription service
delivers comfort foods to your doorstep, and the meals are prepared right before delivery. Never
frozen and only requiring minimal reheating, they’re nutritious and cost less than many standard
takeout options.
Cost: $7.99 to $11.50 per serving, with up to 12 servings per week.
3. Blue Apron
Blue Apron is full of fresh ingredients, with traditional or vegetarian options. Like many of the
plans, the food is delivered in one big box and the recipe card is separate from the meal ingredients.
The variety is good and the recipes are generally easy to prepare.
Cost: $7.49 to $9.99 per serving, with up to 16 servings per week.
4. EveryPlate
EveryPlate offers simpler meals for a lower cost. Users can choose between eight recipes each
week, so there isn’t a lot of flexibility for different dietary needs, but the recipes are full of flavor and give subscribers generous portions. If you’re looking for an affordable way to get into meal kits,
EveryPlate is a good option.
Cost: $4.99 per serving, with up to 12 servings per week.
5. Daily Harvest
Daily Harvest specializes in delicious smoothies. The meals are packed with fruits and
vegetables, making nutrition easy and tasty. Smoothies just require the addition of liquid, so feel free
to add your favorite type of milk or water to the blend and get your day started.
Cost: $6.99 per serving, with between 9 and 26 servings available.
31. Which meal kit service is right for a vegetarian?
A. Daily Harvest and EveryPlate.
B. HelloFresh and Blue Apron.
C. EveryPlate and Freshly.
D. HelloFresh and Freshly.
32. Each meal-delivery plan is available with ______.
A. fruits and vegetables
B. unlimited servings
C. easy preparation
D. separate recipes
33. The meal-delivery plans meet the customer needs of ______.
A. living an environmentally friendly life
B. cutting down on daily food costs
C. adapting to a new lifestyle
D. improving cooking skills
【答案】31. B 32. C 33. C
【解析】
本文是一篇应用文，介绍了几个十分方便的送餐计划。
【31 题详解】
细节理解题。根据 HelloFresh 部分中的“There are meals for almost any lifestyle, including
vegetarian（素食）options,”及Blue Apron 部分中的“Blue Apron is full of fresh ingredients, with
traditional or vegetarian options.”可知，HelloFresh 和 Blue Apron 适合素食主义者，故 B 项正确。【32 题详解】
细节理解题。根据 HelloFresh 部分中的“easy to prepare”、Freshly 部分中的“Never frozen and
only requiring minimal reheating”，Blue Apron 部分中的“easy to prepare”，EveryPlate 部分中
的“simpler meals”及Daily Harvest 部分中的“Smoothies just require the addition of liquid,”等
信息可知，每个送餐计划的准备都很简单，故 C 项正确。
【33 题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中的“As the simple act of shopping and preparing food for dinner
becomes harder to fit in, a way to help meet consumer needs and change the way we shop and eat has
grown: meal-delivery plans.”可知，随着购物和为晚餐准备食物的简单行为变得越来越难以适
应，一种帮助满足消费者需求和改变我们购物和吃饭方式的方法已经发展起来：送餐计划，
由此可知，送餐计划满足了顾客适应新的生活方式的需求，故 C 项正确。
B
Kylie Kirkpatrick was getting ready for work when her 9-year old son, Ryan Kyote, burst into her
bedroom. The Napa, California-based third-grader had just watched a news story about a kindergarten
student in Indiana who was forced to return her school lunch because her account balance couldn't
cover the meal.
"Ryan was upset," Kirkpatrick told TODAY Parents. “He said, 'Mom, how does something like
this happen?' Then he asked what he could do to help."
After a bit of brainstorming, Kyote-pronounced “coyote" -decided he would use six months'
worth of allowance he had saved up to pay off the lunch debt of his entire class at West Park
Elementary School. The bill came up to S74.50.
Though Kyote had been eyeballing a new pair of basketball sneakers, this was far more important
to him. So, on May 24, he happily donated his six months of savings to the Napa Valley Unified
School District food services department.
"Ryan told them, 'Please let my friends know that they no longer owe any money," Kirkpatrick
recalled. "Lunch is his favorite part of the day and it broke his heart to think that it's a stressful time for
some children."
The fourth-grader-to-be wanted his act of kindness to be unknown to others, but his proud mother
couldn't resist sharing a photo on Twitter, where it spread quickly.
"Give this kid his money back. No child should be covering lunch debt for his class with his allowance," wrote one person. Added another: "Love this story ... Special kid."
Practicing good deeds is nothing new for Kyote. " I'll go into the garage and Ryan's bike is
missing because he gave it to a friend in need," Kirkpatrick, a sign language interpreter, told TODAY
parents. "One time, a friend didn't have any shoes that fit, so Ryan gave him a pair of his own shoes."
Recently, an investor got wind of what Kyote had done for his classmates and he contacted
Kirkpatrick. “He wanted to give Ryan money to put in his savings account," she said.
Kyote, who recently lost his father to ALS, had another idea.
"Ryan told the man to pay it forward," Kirkpatrick said. "So he made a donation to the ALS
Association. I can't even begin to tell you what that meant to Ryan. All he wants is to make the world
a better place."
34. How did Ryan feel after watching the news story, about a kindergarten student?
A. Shocked. B. Relieved.
C. Excited. D. Bored.
35. Instead of buying a new pair of sneakers, Ryan was more concerned about ______.
A. his school lunch
B. his account balance
C. his six months of savings
D. his classmates’ lunch debt
36. What do we know about Ryan Kyote from the passage?
A. He tried his best to help his friends in need.
B. He couldn't resist sharing his photos on Twitter
C. He accepted a donation from the ALS Association.
D. He argued against negative reviews on social media.
37. What does the story intend to tell us?
A. Life is always tough for school children.
B. A kid can make a difference in the world.
C. Social media can make young people popular.
D. Friendship is an important part of being a youth.
【答案】34. A 35. D 36. A 37. B
【解析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了 9 岁的瑞安总是尽最大努力帮助有需要的朋友——他用攒了 6 个
月、准备买运动鞋的零用钱来支付全班同学的午餐费用，而且他还把自己的自行车送给了一
个有需要的朋友，他这么做只是想让世界变得更加美好。
【34 题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段中的“He said, 'Mom, how does something like this happen?'”可知，瑞
安说：“妈妈，怎么会发生这样的事情呢？”，这说明瑞安感到很震惊，故A 项正确。
【35 题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Kyote-pronounced “coyote" -decided he would use six months'
worth of allowance he had saved up to pay off the lunch debt of his entire class at West Park
Elementary School.”可知，瑞安决定用他攒了6 个月、准备用来买郊狼牌运动鞋的零用钱来支
付他在西园小学全班同学的午餐费用，再根据第四段中的“Though Kyote had been eyeballing a
new pair of basketball sneakers, this was far more important to him.”可知，尽管瑞安一直想买新运
动鞋，但这对他来说要重要得多，由此可知，瑞安更关心的是他同学的午餐费用，故 D 项正
确。
【36 题详解】
细节理解题。据第三段中的“Kyote-pronounced “coyote" -decided he would use six months' worth
of allowance he had saved up to pay off the lunch debt of his entire class at West Park Elementary
School.”可知，瑞安用他攒了 6 个月、准备买郊狼牌运动鞋的零用钱来支付他在西园小学全
班同学的午餐费用，再根据倒数第四段中的“Ryan's bike is missing because he gave it to a friend
in need,”可知，瑞安还把自己的自行车送给了一个有需要的朋友，由此可知，瑞安总是尽最
大努力帮助有需要的朋友，故 A 项正确。
【37 题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章内容，特别是最后一段中的“All he wants is to make the world a better
place.”可知，文章讲述了 9 岁的瑞安用他攒了 6 个月、准备用来买运动鞋的零用钱来支付全
班同学的午餐费用，而且他还把自己的自行车送给了一个有需要的朋友，他这么做只是想让
世界变得更加美好，由此可知，这篇文章是想告诉我们一个小孩的善行也会对世界产生重大
影响，故 B 项正确。
C
A crucial period for learning the rules and structure of a language lasts up to around age 17 or 18,
say psychologist Joshua Hartshorne of MIT and his colleagues.Previous research had suggested that grammar-learning ability developed in early childhood
before hitting a dead end around age 5. However, Hartshorne’s team reports online in Cognition that
people who started learning English as a second language in an English-speaking country by age 10 to
12 ultimately mastered the new tongue as well as folks who had learned English and another language
at the same time from birth. Both groups, however, fell somewhat short of the grammatical fluency
displayed by English-only speakers. After ages 10 to 12, new-to-English learners reached lower levels
of fluency than those who started learning English at younger ages because time ran out when their
grammar-absorbing ability fell starting around age 17.
Aiming for a sample of tens of thousands of volunteers, Hartshorne began by contacting friends
on Facebook to take an online English grammar quiz, which used a person’s responses to guess his or
her native language and dialect (方言) of English. Then volunteers filled out a questionnaire asking
where they had lived, languages they had spoken from birth, the age at which they began learning
English and the number of years they had lived in an English-speaking country.
In the end, the researchers analyzed responses of 669,498 native and nonnative English speakers.
Statistical calculations focused on estimating at what ages people with varying amounts of experience
peaking English reached peak grammar ability.
Researchers who study language learning regard the new study as fascinating, but exploratory.
According to psycholinguist David Barner of the University of California, San Diego, Hartshorne’s
team can’t yet say that language skill develops along a single timeline. Different elements of grammar,
such as using correct word order or subjects and verbs that agree with one another, might be learned at
different rates, Barner says. It’s also unclear whether the responses of volunteers to an online,
132-item grammar test reflect how well of poorly they actually speak English, he says.
What’s more, language learning involves more than a crucial period for acquiring grammar,
cautions linguist David Birdsong of the University of Texas at Austin. For instance, growing up
speaking two languages at once puts still poorly understood burdens on the ability to grasp grammar,
he says.
In the new study people who were bilinguals from birth fell short of peak English grammar scores
achieved by English-only speakers. That’s consistent with evidence that bilinguals cannot easily turn
off one language while speaking another, Birdsong says. Interactions between tongues spoken by one
person may slightly depress how much can be learned about both languages, even if bilingual communication still reaches high levels, he suggests.
38. Hartshorne and his colleagues found that____ .
A. one reaches a higher level of fluency at age 10
B. one learns a second language fastest at about age 12
C. one gets a good grasp of English grammar before age 5
D. one’s ability to master grammar declines at around age17
39. Hartshorne collected data through ______.
A. social media
B. experiments in the lab
C. literature review
D. face-to-face interviews
40. David Barner believes that ______.
A. language skill develops along a single timeline
B. online volunteers do not cover a wide enough range
C. different grammar items may be acquired at different paces
D. the quiz in the new study does not include enough questions
41. What can we know about bilinguals from the last two paragraphs?
A. They can achieve a perfect grammar score.
B. Grammar learning is the biggest burden for them.
C. They are able to make a swift shift between languages.
D. Speaking two languages affects their language acquisition.
【答案】38. D 39. A 40. C 41. D
【解析】
本文是为一篇说明文，介绍了麻省理工学院的心理学家约书亚·哈特肖恩通过研究发现学习
语言规则和结构的关键时期可以持续到 17 或 18 岁左右，其他语言学家也发表了对这项研究
的不同看法。
【38 题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“A crucial period for learning the rules and structure of a language lasts up
to around age 17 or 18, say psychologist Joshua Hartshorne of MIT and his colleagues.”可知，麻省
理工学院的心理学家约书亚·哈特肖恩和他的同事发现，学习语言规则和结构的关键时期可以持续到 17 或 18 岁左右，故 D 项正确。
【39 题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Hartshorne began by contacting friends on Facebook to take an online
English grammar quiz”可知，哈特肖恩首先联系脸书上的朋友参加一个在线英语语法测试，也
就是说他是通过社交媒体来收集数据的，故 A 项正确。
【40 题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第三段中的“Different elements of grammar, such as using correct word
order or subjects and verbs that agree with one another, might be learned at different rates, Barner
says.”可知，大卫·巴纳说不同的语法元素，比如使用正确的词序或主谓一致，可能会以不同
的速度被学习，故 C 项正确。
【41 题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Interactions between tongues spoken by one person may slightly
depress how much can be learned about both languages, even if bilingual communication still reaches
high levels”可知，一个人说的两种语言之间的互动可能会略微降低他对两种语言的了解程度，
即使双语交流仍然达到很高的水平，由此判断出，说两种语言会影响双语者的语言习得，故 D
项正确。
D
The last decade saw the rise of the field of “plant neurobiology (神经生物学)”. That debatable
field is based on the idea that plants——which do not possess brains ——handle information in ways
similar to complicated animal nervous systems. This thinking implies that plants could feel happiness
or sorrow or pain, make intentional decisions and even possess consciousness. But the chances of that
are “effectively zero," Lincoln Taiz and colleagues write in an opinion piece in Trends in Plant
Science. "There's nothing in the plant remotely comparable to the complexity of the animal brain,"
says Taiz, from the University of California, Santa Cruz.
Some plants are capable of complicated behavior. Wounded leaves can send warning signals to
other parts of the plant, and harmful chemicals can warn animals that eat them. Some plants may even
have a version of short-term memory: Tiny sensing hairs can count the number of touches that come
from a clumsy insect. But plants perform these with equipment that's very different from the nervous
systems of animals, no brain required, Taiz argues.
He and colleagues point out methodological (方法的) faults in some of the studies that claim plants have brain-like command centers, animal-like nerve cells and changing patterns of electricity
that are similar to activity found in animal brains. But beyond the debate over how these studies are
conducted, Taiz's team argues that plant consciousness doesn't even make sense from an evolutionary
(进化的) point of view.
Complicated animal brains advanced in part to help a living being catch a meal and avoid
becoming one, Taiz says. But plants are rooted to the ground and rely on sunlight for energy, an
inactive lifestyle that doesn't require quick thinking or outsmarting a predator (捕食者)——or the
energetically expensive nervous systems that enable those behaviors.
“What use would consciousness be to a plant?” Taiz asks. The energy required to power
awareness would be too costly, and the benefit from such awareness too small. If a plant worried and
suffered when faced with a threat, it would be wasting so much energy that it wouldn't have any left to
do anything about that threat, Taiz says.
Imagine a forest fire. "It's unbearable to even consider the idea that plants would be conscious
beings aware of the fact that they're being burned to ashes, watching the young trees die in front of
them," Taiz says. The frightening scene illustrates "what it would actually cost a plant to have
consciousness."
Furthermore, plants have plenty to do without having to be conscious, too. With sunlight, carbon
dioxide and water, plants create the compounds (化合物) that sustain much of the rest of life on Earth,
Taiz points out. "Isn't that enough?"
42. According to Paragraph 1, a plant neurobiologist would most probably agree that ______.
A. plants are capable of independent thinking
B. plants are as biologically complex as animals
C. plants developed nervous systems for survival
D. plants feel emotions in the same way as animals
43. What does the underlined "one” in Paragraph 4 refer to?
A. A predator.
B. A meal.
C. An inactive plant.
D. A living being.
44 Which statement does Linchol Taiz believe?A. Plants possess brain-like command centers.
B. The lifestyle of plants requires nervous systems.
C. It is unnecessary for plants to have consciousness.
D. Nervous systems enable plants to fight their predators.
45. Lincoln Taiz introduces a forest fire to ______.
A. suggest new ways to study the behaviors of plants
B. discuss the possibility of plants escaping a disaster
C. illustrate how plants make decisions in face of dangers
D. prove consciousness would do plants more harm than good
【答案】42. A 43. B 44. C 45. D
【解析】
【分析】
本文是一篇说明文，介绍了神经生物学认为植物拥有意识，但是加州大学圣克鲁斯分校的塔
伊兹教授并不同意这种观点。并对此进行了说明。
【42 题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段中的“That debatable field is based on the idea that plants which do not
possess brains handle information in ways similar to complicated animal nervous systems. This
thinking implies that plants could feel happiness or sorrow or pain, make intentional decisions and
even possess consciousness.”可知，神经生物学认为没有大脑的植物处理信息的方式与复杂的动
物神经系统相似，这种观点暗示着植物可以感受快乐或悲伤或痛苦，做出有意的决定，甚至
拥有意识，由此判断出，神经生物学家很可能会同意“植物能够独立思考”这一说法，故 A 项
正确。
【43 题详解】
词义猜测题。根据画线词前的“Complicated animal brains advanced in part to help a living being
catch a meal”可知，复杂的动物大脑进化的部分原因是为了帮助它们捕捉食物，此处承接这一
话题，是说它们避免让自己成为别人的食物，由此可知画线词指的就是前面提到的 meal，故 B
项正确。
【44 题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第三段““What use would consciousness be to a plant?” Taiz asks. The
energy required to power awareness would be too costly, and the benefit from such awareness too small. If a plant worried and suffered when faced with a threat, it would be wasting so much energy
that it wouldn't have any left to do anything about that threat, Taiz says.”可知，意识对植物有什么
用?塔伊兹问道，为意识提供所需的能源成本太高，而这种意识带来的好处又太小，塔伊兹说，
如果一株植物在面临威胁时忧心忡忡并受苦，那么它就会浪费太多的能源，以致对这种威胁
束手无策，由此判断出塔伊兹认为植物没有必要具有意识，故 C 项正确。
【45 题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Imagine a forest fire. "It's unbearable to even consider the idea that
plants would be conscious beings aware of the fact that they're being burned to ashes, watching the
young trees die in front of them," Taiz says. The frightening scene illustrates "what it would actually
cost a plant to have consciousness."”可知，想象一下森林大火，塔伊兹说：“我们甚至都无法想
象这样的想法，即植物是有意识的生物，意识到它们正被烧成灰烬，看着小树在它们面前死
去”，这个可怕的场景说明了“植物拥有意识的实际代价是什么”，这说明拥有意识会让植物在
森林大火中承受自己被烧和失去孩子的双重痛苦，由此判断出，塔伊兹提到森林大火是为了
证明拥有意识对植物弊大于利，故 D 项正确。
【点睛】本篇第 4 题难度较大，抓住提到森林大火时塔伊兹说的话是关键，根据倒数第二段
“Imagine a forest fire. "It's unbearable to even consider the idea that plants would be conscious
beings aware of the fact that they're being burned to ashes, watching the young trees die in front of
them," Taiz says. The frightening scene illustrates "what it would actually cost a plant to have
consciousness."”可知，想象一下森林大火，塔伊兹说：“我们甚至都无法想象这样的想法，
即植物是有意识的生物，意识到它们正被烧成灰烬，看着小树在它们面前死去”，这个可怕的
场景说明了“植物拥有意识的实际代价是什么”，这说明拥有意识会让植物在森林大火中承受
自己被烧和失去孩子的双重痛苦，由此判断出，塔伊兹提到森林大火是为了证明拥有意识对
植物弊大于利。
第二节 （共 5 小题；每小题 2 分，共 10 分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有
两项为多余选项。
Why does rain seem to make you sleepy?
This spring on the east coast of the US, it feels like we’ve lost touch with the sun. In Washington,
DC, 14 of the first 17 days of May were rainy. ___46___. It means that for me, Mary has been one of
the months l've felt the sleepiest. The dull weather can hit almost all of our senses in a way that gives a sign to us it is time for a sleep.
First there's what we see-or rather, what we don't. ___47___ When it's raining and skies are
cloudy, we miss out our body's internal alarm clock. As Naomi, a scientist from Central on
Queensland University said, when you don't see the sunlight first thing in the morning, your body
never gets the signal that it needs to shift into daytime mode.
___48___ Plants produce oils during dry periods, possibly to stop seeds from developing. When
it rains, the water brings out the oils and they mix with a chemical to create a "musky”
smell. ___49___. Additionally, after a thunderstorm there's a chance you may smell ozone(臭氧),
which is generated when lightning interacts with the air. Some compare its smell to that of clean bed
sheets.
Rain sounds are also comforting. The rhythmic pattern of rain hitting a roof, umbrella, or the
ground below is called "pink noise." Pink noise is a category of background noise that has all of the
frequencies that human can hear and has lower volumes at higher frequencies. According to some
research, it may improve our quality of sleep by decreasing our brain activity. ___50___
The difficulty in waking up, the fresh, earthy scents, and the peace of the rain tapping on windows
are enough to make anyone want to go back to bed for the day. Sadly, none of this evidence is enough
to justify doing so; but it can at least explain why you may feel a little sleepy on these cloudy days.
A. Noises can make us feel sleepier during the daytime.
B. The others have been cloudy and dull for at least part of the day.
C. That earthy smell of rain can make you feel calm and comfortable.
D. It makes it easier for us to wake up from our sleep the night before.
E. Sunlight causes our bodies to stop producing what makes us sleepy at night
F. And you'll also smell that when you are in your garden turning over your soil
G. You can listen to an hour of rain on a window here, if you intend to test it out
【答案】46. B 47. E 48. C 49. F 50. G
【解析】
【分析】
本文是一篇说明文，介绍了为什么雨天会让人犯困。
【46 题详解】
空前说在华盛顿特区，5 月的前 17 天中有 14 天下雨，此处承接上文，讲的是另外几天的天气情况，故 B 项（其他几天一天中至少有一段时间多云）符合语境。
【47 题详解】
空后说下雨和多云时，我们会错过体内的闹钟，因此此处会提到晴天（阳光）对我们身体的
影响，故 E 项（阳光会让我们的身体停止产生让我们晚上犯困的东西）符合语境。
【48 题详解】
空后说下雨时，雨水会把植物在晴天时产生的油带出来，油和一种化学物质混合，产生一种“麝
香味”，因此此处说的是雨天会产生一种什么味道，故C 项（雨水中的土腥味能让你感到平静
和舒适）符合语境。
【49 题详解】
空前说下雨时，雨水会把油带出来，油和一种化学物质混合，产生一种“麝香味”，此处承接
上文，讲的还是关于“麝香味”这一话题，F 项中的 that 指代的就是前面提到的“a "musky”
smell”，故F 项（当你在花园里翻土的时候，你也会闻到这种味道）符合语境。
【50 题详解】
空前说根据一些研究，雨点的滴答声可以通过减少大脑活动来改善我们的睡眠质量，此处承
接上文，讲的是你可以通过听雨来检验这一点，故 G 项（如果你想测试一下，你可以在窗前
听一小时的雨声）符合语境。
【点睛】在七选五的解题过程中，选项中的代词与空处上下文出现的某一（些）名词的指代
关系往往是重要线索，例如本篇第 4 题，根据空前的“When it rains, the water brings out the oils
and they mix with a chemical to create a "musky””可知，下雨时，雨水会把油带出来，
油和一种化学物质混合，产生一种“麝香味”，此处承接上文，讲的还是关于“麝香味”这一
话题，F 项中的 that 指代的就是前面提到的“a "musky” smell”，故F 项（当你在花园里翻
土的时候，你也会闻到这种味道）符合语境。
第三部分：书面表达（共两节，35 分）
第一节 （15 分）
51.假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你的英国好友 Jim 从书上看到了中国学生做 “课间操”的
图片，向你询问有关情况。请你给他回复邮件，介绍相关信息，内容包括：
1） 课间操的基本情况(时间、次数…)；
2） 你们做课间操的感受。
注意：1. 词数不少于 50；
2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。提示词：课间操 exercise between classesDear Jim,
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Jim,
How is everything going? I am glad to hear from you. Learning that you are interested in
“exercise between classes”, I am writing to tell you more about it.
Designed especially for primary and middle school students, exercise between classes contains
some basic movements like jumping, moving, running, clapping, and kicking. Usually we do it
between the second and the third classes in the morning, at the same pace to the music, which lasts 20
minutes.
As far as I am concerned, it is necessary and beneficial to do exercise between classes. First, as
the famous saying goes, life lies on exercise. To maintain physical fitness and overall health, we must
involve ourselves in regular sports practice. Besides, it contributes to a pleasant mood.
If you have any further questions, just let me know.
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】
【分析】
本篇书面表达是应用文，要求写一封书信。
【详解】第 1 步：根据提示可知，本文要求写一封电子邮件：假设你是红星中学高三学生李
华。你的英国好友 Jim 从书上看到了中国学生做 “课间操”的图片，向你询问有关情况。请你
给他回复邮件，介绍相关信息，内容包括：1） 课间操的基本情况(时间、次数…)；2） 你们
做课间操的感受。时态应为一般现在时。第 2 步：根据写作要求，确定关键词（组），如； maintain （保持），exercise between classes
（课间操），necessary（必要的），attractive（有吸引力的），beneficial（有益的），pace（步
速），mood （情绪），physical fitness（身体健康）及 contain（包含）等。
第 3 步：根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。
第 4 步：连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰，
保持卷面的整洁美观。
【点睛】范文语言地道，语篇连贯，词数适当。作者在范文中使用了较多高级词汇和句式，
高级词汇有 contribute to（有助于），be interested in（对……感兴趣），hear from （收到某人来
信），be designed for (为……设计)，involve oneself in（参与）以及 lie on（取决于），而且还
使用了非限定性定语从句“Usually we do it between the second and the third classes in the
morning, at the same pace to the music, which lasts 20 minutes.”，状语从句“First, as the famous
saying goes, life lies on exercise.”，形式主语“As far as I am concerned, it is necessary and
beneficial to do exercise between classes.”，非谓语动词“Learning that you are interested in
“exercise between classes”, I am writing to tell you more about it.”及“Designed especially for
primary and middle school students, exercise between classes contains some basic movements like
jumping, moving, running, clapping, and kicking.”，全文没有语法错误，上下句转换自然流畅。
第二节 （20 分）
52.假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。请根据下面四幅图的先后顺序，写一篇英文周记，记述
你参加志愿活动的过程。
注意：词数不少于 60。________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
【答案】Last week, I, together with some of my classmates, participated in an activity with the
theme of planting vegetables.
Upon hearing the news, some of us immediately decided to sign up. Then all of the participants
were involved in a lecture, during which our teacher taught us some fundamental skills about how to
get the vegetables well planted.
Having been fully prepared, we all gathered at our garden plot and attentively sowed the seeds
into the field, wishing that they would flourish day by day. During the next few days, we came to see
them on schedule, watered them, and exactly wrote down their growth diaries. As we expected, they
sprouted and grew up with great energy, and at last, we gained a good harvest. We all smiled
delightedly and our monitor took some pictures to memorize this amazing moment.
It turned out to be an unforgettable and fulfilling experience.【解析】
【分析】
本篇书面表达是图画作文，要求写一篇周记描述你参加的一项志愿活动。
【详解】第 1 步：根据提示可知，本文要求根据四幅图描述你参加的一项志愿活动：假设你
是红星中学高三学生李华。请根据下面四幅图的先后顺序，写一篇英文周记，记述你参加志
愿活动的过程，时态应为一般过去时。
第 2 步：根据写作要求，确定关键词（组），如； participant（参与者），plant vegetables（种
菜），fundamental skills（基本技巧），attentively（聚精会神地）， sow（播种），sprout （发
芽），growth diary （成长日记），flourish（茁壮成长），fulfilling（有意义的），unforgettable（难
忘的）及 memorize（纪念）等。
第 3 步：根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。
第 4 步：连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰，
保持卷面的整洁美观。
【点睛】范文语言地道，语篇连贯，词数适当。作者在范文中使用了较多高级词汇和句式，
高级词汇有 participate in（参加），with the theme of（主题是），on schedule (按时)，sign up （报
名），be involved in （参与），write down（记下），together with（和、连同），grow up（成长）
以及 take pictures（拍照），而且还使用了非限定性定语从句和宾语从句“Then all of the
participants were involved in a lecture, during which our teacher taught us some fundamental skills
about how to get the vegetables well planted.”，定语从句“As we expected, they sprouted and grew
up with great energy”，非谓语动词“Upon hearing the news, some of us immediately decided to sign
up.”及“Having been fully prepared, we all gathered at our garden plot and attentively sowed the
seeds into the field, wishing that they would flourish day by day.”，全文没有语法错误，上下句转换
自然流畅。
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