北京市人大附中2020届高三英语一模试题（Word版附解析）

人大附中 2020 届高三英语一模模拟试题 第一部分：知识运用（共两节，45 分） 第一节 语法填空（共 10 小题；每小题 1.5 分，共 15 分） A 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写 1 个适当的单词，在给出 提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 Eventually, I decided to follow her and ___1___ happened truly amazed me. She was taking the food to the refugee camp, ___2___ she distributed it to children. I asked around and found out that my mum was very well known in the area. The kids were very ___3___ (friend) with her and even looked up to her as if she were their own mothers. Then it hit me – why would she not want to tell me about what she ___4___ (do) ? 【答案】1. what 2. where 3. friendly 4. had done/was doing/had been doing 【解析】 这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者跟踪母亲并得知了母亲帮助难民的事。 【1 题详解】 考查主语从句。句意：最终我决定跟踪她，她做的事情确实使我震惊。主语从句中缺少主语， 故填 what。 【2 题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：她把食物带到了难民营，在那里把食物分发给了孩子们。先行词 the refugee camp 在定语从句中作地点状语，故填 where。 【3 题详解】 考查形容词。句意：孩子们对它很友好。be friendly with sb. 与……友好相处，故填 friendly。 【4 题详解】 考查时态。句意：我突然想到---她为什么不告诉我她做的事情呢？因为主句…would she not want…是一般过去时态，故宾语从句的时态应呼应主句，根据句意可知，本句可以使用过去完 成时、过去进行时或者过去完成进行时。故填 had done。 B阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写 1 个适当的单词，在给出 提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 Nowadays, a lot of young people seem to spend much of ___5___ (they) free time either watching television or playing computer games. Certainly, these things are entertaining, but they don’t contribute much ___6___ developing their brains. Many believe that reading books, and ___7___ (especial) fiction, is a much more effective way of achieving this. Apart from being a pleasant way to relax, the most obvious benefit we get from reading a good story is a ___8___ (grow) vocabulary. We come across new words in reading and gradually become more confident with complex words. 【答案】5. their 6. to 7. especially 8. growing 【解析】 这是一篇说明文。本文介绍了读书的好处。 【5 题详解】 考查代词。句意：如今，很多年轻人似乎都把大量的闲暇时间花在看电视上或者玩电脑游戏 上。此处 their 修饰名词短语 free time，故填 their。 【6 题详解】 考查固定搭配。句意：当然，这些东西很有趣，但它们对开发他们的大脑没有多大帮助。 contribute to…，有助于……，为固定搭配，故填 to。 【7 题详解】 考查副词。句意：许多人认为读书，尤其是读小说，是实现这一目标的更有效的方法。此处 为状语，故填 especially。 【8 题详解】 考查形容词。句意：我们从阅读好故事中得到的最明显的好处是增加了词汇量。形容词作定 语修饰名词 vocabulary，故填 growing。 C 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写 1 个适当的单词，在给出 提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 The history of the Lantern Festival could be traced back to the Han Dynasty, and the celebrations were gradually enriched, expanded and settled in succeeding dynasties. But from the very beginning, lanterns was an indispensable part of the day. Long before the electrical lights ___9___ (invent), the streets in ancient Chinese cities were illuminated by various colorful lanterns. ___10___ (dress) in their most beautiful clothes, the ancient Chinese would swarm the streets, where dancers and musicians would gather as fireworks were lit and lanterns displayed. 【答案】9. were invented 10. Dressed 【解析】 【分析】 这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了中国传统节日---元宵节。 【9 题详解】 考查动词时态。句意：早在电灯发明之前，中国古代城市的街道就被各种彩灯照亮了。主语 是表示复数的 the electrical lights，并且和 invent 之间是被动关系；根据 Long before 可判断， 时态为一般过去时；故填 were invented。 【10 题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：古代的中国人会涌上街头，穿着他们最漂亮的衣服。Dress 在句中作 非谓语动词，be dressed in“穿着......”主语 the ancient Chinese 和 dress 之间是被动关系， 故填 Dressed。 【点睛】动词的考点近几年来一直是难点和热点。 当语法填空中的提示词为动词时，考生应 该考虑全面，首先判断动词在句中的功能:若是谓语动词，则要考虑时态，语态和主谓一致三 点因素，如第 1 小题：根据时间状语 Long before 可判断，时态为一般过去时；主语 the electrical lights 和 invent 之间是被动关系；主语 the electrical lights 为复数，综上所诉，故填 were invented。 第二节 完形填空（共 20 小题；每小题 1.5 分，共 30 分） 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳 选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C、D)中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳 选项。 A Person Who Has Influenced My Life There is always a time in one’s life when a hero comes along. Someone who has inspired you can really help you learn what life is about.I __1__ it as if it was yesterday. I was fifteen years old that year. It was around eight o’clock one evening when my mother ___2_ a phone call from her brother-in-law, who told us my aunt was in hospital and that the doctor ___3_ them she would need an operation immediately. My family became very __4__ about my aunt’s situation. While my aunt was in the hospital with special __5__, my cousin Mark, who is mentally disabled, spent time with my family. Mark was seventeen at the time, and had been born with severe mental disorders, which __6__ a wide range of social and physical problems for him throughout everyday life. He never had any true friend _7__ no one could relate to him. I must __8__ that at the beginning I was filled with uncertainty as to how much of a _9__ my cousin would bring on my family. Now looking back it saddens me to see the _10__ I once showed. Over the two weeks when Mark lived with my family, I probably _11___ more about life and its meanings. Thinking back, I took __12__ in daily life for granted, believing it would always be there. I never even thought about being able to do things like walking, brushing my teeth, or going to the bathroom on my own. Now I see how __13__ I am to be able to do these things independently. Mark was seventeen, but learned on a nine-year-old _14___. Although his learning ability was slower than most, he could still learn. He explored _15___ to do most of the things everyone else did. _16___ he did pretty well and succeeded in almost everything he tried to do. He __17__ his illness and showed an ambition to love life. To him, having a successful life means achieving goals on his own terms and at his own __18__. Mark is my hero, for his disability has forever ___19_ my viewpoint on life. It seems like a well-deserved life when you’re fifteen, and it is amazing how in a period of time your point of view can change so ___20_. 11. A. accept B. remember C. imagine D. discover 12. A. made B. missed C. received D. used 13. A. promised B. informed C. showed D. begged 14. A. curious B. sure C. disappointed D. worried 15. A. care B. action C. purpose D. interest 16. A. created B. faced C. found D. influenced 17. A. unless B. although C. until D. because 18. A. believe B. regret C. admit D. decide19. A. puzzle B. failure C. burden D. conflict 20. A. weakness B. ignorance C. relief D. mercy 21. A. understood B. dreamed C. questioned D. required 22. A. anything B. something C. nothing D. everything 23. A. powerful B. brave C. lucky D. successful 24. A. variety B. level C. job D. balance 25. A. possibilities B. functions C. achievements D. difficulties 26. A. Typically B. Occasionally C. Accidentally D. Actually 27. A. challenged B. prevented C. treated D. reported 28. A. business B. cost C. pace D. request 29. A. represented B. changed C. formed D. supported 30. A. easily B. normally C. properly D. completely 【答案】11. B 12. C 13. B 14. D 15. A 16. A 17. D 18. C 19. C 20. B 21. A 22. D 23. C 24. B 25. A 26. D 27. A 28. C 29. B 30. D 【解析】 这是一篇记叙文。本文叙述了自己的表兄弟 Mark 是如何影响了作者人生的故事，从中让读者 了解到每个人都有那么一个人在影响着自己，启发自己领悟到人生的真谛。 【11 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我记得这件事就好像发生在昨天似的。A. accept 接受；B. remember 记得；C. imagine 想象；D. discover 发现。根据“as if it was yesterday”可知，作者记得这件事 就好像发生在昨天似的。故选 B。 【12 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：大约在某个晚上八点钟的时候，我妈妈接到一个电话。A. made 制 造；B. missed 想念，错过；C. received 收到；D. used 使用。根据“who told us my aunt was in hospital”可知，作者的妈妈接到一个电话。选 C。 【13 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：医生告知他们她需要要立刻动手术。A. promised 许诺；B. informed 告知；C. showed 展示；D. begged 祈求。作者 阿姨手术是医生告知的。故选 B。 【14 题详解】 的考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我的家人都非常担忧我阿姨的状况。A. curious 好奇的；B. sure 确信的；C. disappointed 感到失望的；D. worried 担忧的。根据常识可以判断出，知道自己的 亲属要手术了，肯定是很担心的。故选 D。 【15 题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：当阿姨在医院里得到特别的照顾时，我的表兄弟 Mark---他患有精 神障碍，和我们呆在一块。A. care 关心；B. action 行动；C. purpose 目的；D. interest 兴趣。根 据 while my aunt was in the hospital 可知，阿姨在医院里得到特别的照顾。故选 A。 【16 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：神经障碍给他的日常生活创造了很多的问题。A. created 造成；B. faced 面对；C. found 发现；D. influenced 影响。根据“a wide range of social and physical problems for him throughout everyday life.”可知，神经障碍给他的日常生活造成了很多的问题。故选A。 【17 题详解】 考查连词词义辨析。句意：他没有任何真正的朋友，因为没人和他交往。A. unless 除非；B. although 尽管；C. until 直到……为止；D. because 因为。分析句意可知，本句为 because 引导 的原因状语从句。故选 D。 【18 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我必须承认的是刚开始的时候我不知道他会给我家带来多少负担。 A. believe 相信，认为；B. regret 后悔；C. admit 承认；D. decide 决定。作者在承认刚开始的时 候自己的想法。故选 C。 【19 题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我必须承认的是刚开始的时候我不知道他会给我家带来多少负担。 A. puzzle 迷惑；B. failure 失败；C. burden 负担；D. conflict 冲突。因为马可患有精神方面的疾 病，所以肯定会给别人带来负担。可知选 C。 【20 题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：现在回想起来，看到我曾经表现出的无知让我很难过。A. weakness 劣势；B. ignorance 无知，愚昧；C. relief 减轻，安慰；D. mercy 同情。根据 I must __8__ that at the beginning I was filled with uncertainty as to how much of a _9__ my cousin would bring on my family.可知，这是作者表现出的无知。故选 B。 【21 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我可能对生活和它的含义了解的更多了。A. understood 理解；B. dreamed 梦想；C. questioned 询问；D. required 要求。由下文可知，马克改变了作者对生活的 态度，所以作者对生活的意义有了更多的了解。故选 A。 【22 题详解】 考查不定代词词义辨析。句意：回想起来，我认为生活中的一切都是理所当然的。A. anything 任何事情；B. something 某事；C. nothing 什么也没有；D. everything 每件事情。根据“believing it would always be there.”可知，作者认为生活中的一切都是理所当然的。故选 D。 【23 题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：现在我知道能独立做这些事是多么幸运啊。A. powerful 强大的； B. brave 勇敢的；C. lucky 幸运的；D. successful 成功的。根据“I am to be able to do these things independently.”可知，能独立做这些事是多么幸运啊。故选 C。 【24 题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：Mark17 岁，但学习相当于 9 岁学生的水平。A. variety 种类；B. level 水平；C. job 工作；D. balance 平衡。根据下文“Although his learning ability was slower than most”可知，Mark17 岁，但学习很慢相当于 9 岁学生的水平。故选 B。 【25 题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：他尝试他也可能做其他人能做的事情。A. possibilities 很可能；B. functions 功能；C. achievements 成就；D. difficulties 困难。根据前文可知，马可患有精神障碍， 对于其他人能做的很简单的事情，对于马克来来说都可能是一项挑战，所以他尝试他也可能 做其他人能做的事情。故选 A。 【26 题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：事实上他做得很好。A. Typically 典型地；B. Occasionally 偶尔； C. Accidentally 意外地；D. Actually 事实上。根据前句可知，他尝试着自己可能做的事情，而 实际上他作者的很好，Actually 以此强调。故选 D。 【27 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他向病魔发起挑战，表现出热爱生活的态度。A. challenged 挑战； B. prevented 阻止；C. treated 对待，治疗；D. reported 报告。根据上文“he did pretty well and succeeded in almost everything he tried to do.”可知，马克所做的事情是向病魔发起的挑战。故 选 A。 【28 题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：对他来说，拥有成功的人生意味着按照自己的方式和节奏实现目标。A. business 生意；B. cost 费用；C. pace 步调；D. request 请求。马克患有精神障碍，只能 按照自己的节奏实现目标，at one’s own pace 以某人自己的节奏，符合句意。故选 C。 【29 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：Mark 就是我的英雄，因为他的残疾永久改变了我对生活的态度。 represented 象征；B. changed 改变；C. formed 形成，组成；D. supported 支持。根据标题“A Person Who Has Influenced My Life”可知，马克改变了作者对生活的态度。故选 B。 【30 题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：当你 15 岁的时候，你的生活似乎是理所应当的，你的观点会在一 段时间内发生如此彻底的改变，这很令人惊讶。A. easily 容易地；B. normally 正常地；C. properly 合适地；D. completely 完全地。根据“it is amazing”可知，作者的观点在一段时间内发生了如 此彻底的改变。这是作者自己都很惊讶。故选 D。 第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，40 分） 第一节（共 15 小题；每小题 2 分，共 30 分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答 题卡上将该项涂黑。 A A Pen That Draws in Any Color The Scribble is a magical pen that can scan colors and instantly reproduce the colors. Hold the Scribble’s scanner up to any color, and within a second that color is stored in its memory. Once stored, that color can be used to draw on paper or on a digital screen. Who can use the Scribble ? Children will love the Scribble because it can create different colors, replacing even their biggest box of crayons (蜡笔). Besides, anyone working with color in their professional lives, such as artists, will be able to scan and reproduce colors instantly. The Scribble is the best color—Green One of the most important characteristics of the Scribble is that, since it can reproduce any color, it replaces marking pens, greatly reducing the huge amount of plastic waste. What’ s inside the Scribble ? There will be two different versions of the Scribble, the Scribble INK and the Scribble STYLUS. The INK will be able to reproduce exact colors on paper. It includes a color sensor, 1 GB of internal memory that will store over 100,000 colors, a rechargeable battery, Bluetooth 4.0 connectivity, a processor and 5 ink cartridges (盒). The STYLUS is exactly the same as the INK, minus the ink cartridge as it is intended for use on screen. How did we create the Scribble? We’ve been in the design process for two years and the Scribble has gone through various design changes to get it to where we are now. Because of its small size we have created some ideas never seen before in the color reproduction industry. We created the Scribble for YOU and want you to be a part of the process! Thank you for your support Thank you so much for your concern about the Scribble. Thank you also for your support! Make sure to bookmark our website and check back often to see the progress as well as the updated times for production and delivery of your Scribble. 31. According to the passage, the Scribble ______. A. has replaced the common pens B. brings environmental problems C. is the product of high technology D. is designed for a certain group of people 32. How is the Scribble different from other pens? A. It can copy colors. B. It is smaller in size. C. It has different versions. D. It can only be used on screen. 33. The main purpose of the passage is to ______. A. seek advice about the Scribble B. introduce the Scribble to readers C. compare the Scribble with other pensD. provide methods of using the Scribble 【答案】31. C 32. A 33. B 【解析】 这是一篇说明文。 本文介绍了涂鸦笔的相关信息。 【31 题详解】 推理判断题。根据 What’ s inside the Scribble ?中的“The INK will be able to reproduce exact colors on paper. It includes a color sensor, 1 GB of internal memory that will store over 100,000 colors, a rechargeable battery, Bluetooth 4.0 connectivity, a processor and 5 ink cartridges (盒)”可知， 这款笔里面有颜色传感器、1G 的内存、可充电的电池、蓝牙 4.0、 处理器和 5 个墨盒。所以 判断出涂鸦笔是高科技产品。故选 C。 【32 题详解】 细节理解题。根据 A Pen That Draws in Any Color 中的“The Scribble is a magical pen that can scan colors and instantly reproduce the colors. ”可知，涂鸦笔是一种神奇的笔，它可以扫描颜色 并立即复制这些颜色。涂鸦笔不同于其他笔的原因是它能扫描色彩病马上复制这些颜色，故 选 A。 33 题详解】 推理判断题。本文介绍了一种能画出颜色的画笔。涂鸦笔可以扫描颜色并立即重现颜色。持 有由任何颜色，随意绘制线条的扫描仪，在一秒钟内这种颜色存储在其内存中。一旦存储， 可以用那种颜色来绘制在纸上或在数字屏幕上。所以本文是在向读者介绍涂鸦笔。故选 B。 B Looking good, feeling good Born to a model mom and a suit maker dad, fashion was actually in my blood. I always had a strong desire to dress in a certain way and to stand out from the crowd. I made my own toys when I was a young child and sewed my first skirt at just 10 years old. A friend’s mother took one look at my skirt and told me that I should be a patternmaker. In high school I started making my own clothes, mostly changing other things because I never liked anything how it was when I bought it. During the last two years of school, I worked part-time for a small business that made hand-painted silk clothing and bags. The owner became the teacher who got me into design in the first place. Another useful bit of work experience then came when I worked at a showroom during fashion week and found it very exciting. From there I worked at a top clothing store while I got my business 【started. For my business I started out with the idea that everything I did would be hand-made and one-of-a-kind, specially made for one individual who hopefully had the same tastes as me. Every morning I jumped out of bed, went to my studio and worked on my projects. This just showed how enthusiastic I felt about my work. And at night I even dreamed of new designs! Fashion design is functional art. What I mean is that it’s something close to you and something you can touch and feel, and actually interact with. My advice to any young person who wants to be a fashion designer is to get the basic skills early on, such as sewing and pattern-making. Even if you end up specializing, it’s really important to understand all aspects of design in order to make high-quality clothes. Also, if you dream of having your own clothing line, the best thing to do is start wearing your clothes. You have to try and do this because that’s the way you’re going to develop something that’s all yours and unlike anyone else’s. I passionately believe that the right clothing can make people feel better and give them more confidence. 34. When the author was in high school, she ______. A. wore the latest fashions B. was fond of hand-painted clothing C. began to make clothes on her own D. dressed in the same way as her classmates 35. What does the underlined word “functional” in Paragraph 4 probably mean? A. Practical. B. Standard. C. Decorative. D. Complex. 36. What advice does the author give to those who want to be fashion designers? A. Creating basic designs in high school. B. Wearing high-quality clothes all the time. C. Looking at what their friends are wearing. D. Deciding what is unique about their clothes. 37. According to the author, well-designed clothes _______. A. cost people a lot of money B. bring people great success C. provide people with popular tasteD. help people feel sure of themselves 【答案】34. C 35. A 36. D 37. D 【解析】 这是一篇记叙文。作者在这篇文章中向我们介绍了他在高中阶段就开始设计自己的服装，并 且经过他自己的努力创造了适合自己的服装品牌，同时鼓励读者根据自己的爱好设计自己的 服装。 【34 题详解】 细节理解题。据第二段 In high school I started making my own clothes．可知在高中阶段作者就开 始设计自己的服装，故选 C。 【35 题详解】 词义推测题。根据第四段 What I mean is that it's something close to you and something you can touch and feel，and actually interact with.可知我的意思是，它离你很近，你可以触摸到它，感觉 到它，还可以和它互动。所以服装设计是很实用的，因此可推知"functional"指的是实用的。故 选 A。 【36 题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段 You have to try and do this because that's the way you're going to develop something that's all yours and unlike anyone else's.可知，你必须尝试这样做，因为这样你 才能开发出完全属于自己、不同于其他任何人的东西。所以如果想做时装设计师，你应该设 计出属于自己的独特的衣服。故选 D。 【37 题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段 I passionately believe that the right clothing can make people feel better and give them more confidence.可知，我坚信合适的衣服能让人们感觉更好，更有自信。 所以设计好的衣服能让人感觉好，有自信，故选 D。 C Researchers continue to show the power behind our sense of smell. Recent studies have found, among other things, that the smell of foods like pizza can cause uncontrollable anger in drivers on roads. The review explains that smell is unique in its effects on the brain. According to Conrad King, the researcher who carried out the review, "more than any other senses, the sense of smell goes through the logical part of the brain and acts on the systems concerned with feelings. This is why the smell of baking bread can destroy the best intentions of a dieter." Smell, which dictates the unbelievable complexity of food tastes, has always been the least understood of our senses. Our noses are able to detect up to 10,000 distinct smells. Our ability to smell and taste this extremely large range of smells is controlled by something like 1,000 genes (基因), which make up an amazing 3% of the human genome. Researchers Richard Axel and Linda Buck were together awarded a Nobel Prize in 2004 for their ground-breaking research on the nature of this extraordinary sense. These two scientists were the first to describe the family of 1,000 olfactory (嗅觉) genes and to explain how our olfactory system works. According to one study in the research review, smelling fresh pizza or even the packaging of fast foods can be enough to make drivers feel impatient with other road users. They are then more likely to speed and experience uncontrollable anger on roads. The most reasonable explanation is that these can all make drivers feel hungry, and therefore desperate to satisfy their appetites. In contrast, the smells of peppermint and cinnamon were shown to improve concentration levels as well as reduce drivers’ impatience. Similarly, the smells of lemon and coffee appeared to promote clear thinking and mental focus. However, the way genes regulate smell differs from person to person. A study by researchers in Israel has identified at least 50 olfactory genes which are switched on in some people and not in others. They believe this may explain why some of us love some smells and tastes while others hate them. The Israel researchers say their study shows that nearly every human being shows a different pattern of active and inactive smell-detecting receptors. 38. What did Richard Axel and Linda Buck find out? A. The category of food smells. B. The logical part of human brain. C. The nature of human olfactory system. D. The relationship between food and feelings. 39. Which of the following can help people concentrate? A. Bread. B. Fruits. C. Coffee. D. Fast food. 40. What do we know from the last paragraph? A. Some people can recognize up to 50 smells.B. Every person has a different pattern of genes. C. Different people are sensitive to different smells. D. There are still some olfactory genes to be found out. 41. What is the passage mainly about? A. Logic and behaviour. B. Smell and its influence. C. Sense ability and food tastes. D. Olfactory genes and its system. 【答案】38. C 39. C 40. C 41. B 【解析】 这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了人类 嗅觉和它的影响。 【38 题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段中“These two scientists were the first to describe the family of 1,000 olfactory (嗅觉) genes and to explain how our olfactory system works.”可知，Richard Axel and Linda Buck 研究了家庭嗅觉基因并解释了我们的嗅觉系统是如何工作的，即人类嗅觉系统的本 质，故选 C。 【39 题详解】 细节理解题。根据第五段中“Similarly, the smells of lemon and coffee appeared to promote clear thinking and mental focus.”可知，柠檬和咖啡的气味有助于提高思考和注意力，故选 C。 【40 题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“The Israel researchers say their study shows that nearly every human being shows a different pattern of active and inactive smell-detecting receptors.”， 几乎每个 人的嗅觉感受器的活跃和不活跃模式都不同。由此判断出，不同的人对不同的气味敏感，故 选 C。 【41 题详解】 主旨大意题。通读全文尤其是根据第一段中 Researchers continue to show the power behind our sense of smell. Recent studies have found, among other things, that the smell of foods like pizza can cause uncontrollable anger in drivers on roads.可知，研究人员继续证明我们的嗅觉背后的力量。 最近的研究发现，比萨等食物的味道会让道路上的司机无法控制自己的愤怒情绪。以及全文 的具体说明可知，本文主要介绍了人类的嗅觉和它的影响。故选 B。 的D Camaraderie over Competence The importance of liking people is the subject of an article in the Harvard Business Review, which has carried out an experiment to find out who we’d rather work with. Hardly surprisingly, the people we want most as our workmates are both: brilliant at their jobs and delightful human beings. And the people we want least are both unpleasant and useless. More interestingly, the authors found that, given the choice between working with lovable fools and competent jerks (性情古怪的人), we irresistibly choose the former. Anyway, who likes those stupid men who annoy or hurt other people? We might insist that competence matters more, but our behavior shows we stay close to the people we like and sharing information with them. What companies should therefore do is get people to like each other more. The trick here is apparently to make sure staffs come across each other as often as possible during the day. They also should be sent on bonding courses and so on to encourage friendliness and break down displeasure. However, more outdoor-activity weekends and shared coffee machines inspire no confidence at all. The reality is that people either like each other or they don’t. You can’t force it. Possibly you can make offices friendlier by tolerating a lot of chat, but there is a productivity cost to that. In my experience, the question of lovable fool against competent jerk may not be the right one. The two are interrelated: we tend not to like our workmates when they are completely hopeless. I was once quite friendly with a woman whom I later worked with. I found her to be so outstandingly bad at her job that I lost respect for her and ended up not really liking her at all. Then is there anything that companies should be doing about it? By far the most effective strategy would be to hire people who are all pretty much the same, given that similarity is one of the main determinants of whether we like each other. I think this is a pretty good idea, but no one dares recommend this anymore without offending the diversity lobby group. There is only one acceptable view on this subject: teams of similar people are bad because they stop creativity. This may be true, though I have never seen any conclusive proof of it. Not only do we like similar people, we like people who like us. So if companies want to promote more liking, they should encourage a culture where we are all nice to each other. The trouble is that this needs to be done with some skill. 42. According to the research, which kind of colleagues would most people tend to choose?A. Nice but unintelligent. B. Creative but unattractive. C. Competent but unfriendly. D. Humorous but unambitious. 43. The author talks about her experience to show that ______. A. people respect outstanding leaders B. people tend to like optimistic workmates C. a workmate’s working ability is important D. talkative workmates makes offices friendlier 44 Some people think that similar people working together may ______ A. offend each other B. create fewer new ideas C. talk more and work less D. be likely to stick together 45. To encourage workmates to like each other, companies could ______. A. set more coffee machines in the work place B. organize team-building activities outside the office C. encourage a diversity of opinions in workplace D. employ staff who have a lot in common 【答案】42. A 43. C 44. B 45. D 【解析】 这是一篇说明文。本文通过调查发现人们乐于与聪明乐观，工作能力强的人一起工作，因为 同事的能力很重要，相似的人在一起工作会阻碍创新能力，并据此为企业提供了一些建议。 【42 题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段中“Hardly surprisingly, the people we want most as our workmates are both: brilliant at their jobs and delightful human beings.” 毫不奇怪，我们最希望成为同事的人既 是工作出色的人，也是讨人喜欢的人。由此可知，人们乐于和聪明且乐观的人一起共事，故 选 A。 【43 题详解】 推 理 判 断 题 。 根 据 第 三 段 中 “we tend not to like our workmates when they are completely hopeless.” 当我们的同事在工作上毫无希望时，我们往往不喜欢他们。由此判断出，作者通 过讲述自己的经历来说明同事的工作能力是很重要的。故选 C。 【44 题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段中“teams of similar people are bad because they stop creativity.”可知， 相似的人在一起工作会阻碍创新能力，故选 B。 【45 题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Not only do we like similar people, we like people who like us. So if companies want to promote more liking, they should encourage a culture where we are all nice to each other.” 我们不仅喜欢相似的人，我们也喜欢喜欢我们的人。因此，如果公司想要促进更 多的好感，他们应该鼓励一种我们都善待彼此的文化。因此判断出，公司应该雇佣有共同点 的员工，故选 D。 第二节（共 5 小题；每小题 2 分，共 10 分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有 两项为多余选项。 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Why do some people have many friends while others do not?_____46_____However, it is not so. Let’s look at two psychological experiments which will give you the key to happy interpersonal relations.The first experiment is called the “Hawthorne effect” after Hawthorne, Illinois, where the experiment took place. A group of psychologists examined the work patterns of two groups of workers in the Western Electric Company._____47_____The psychologists changed the working conditions for one group twice but left the other group alone. They were surprised to find that productivity increased on both occasions and in both groups. They concluded that the increase in productivity came from the attention given to the workers by the management. It had increased their motivation and so they had worked harder. In other words, if you take an interest in others, they will want to please you and you will have good relations with them.____48____After Martin Luther King, Jr was killed in 1960s, a teacher, Jane Elliott, living in an all-white town decided to help her class of young children understand why the Civil Rights Movement had been necessary in America.She divided the class into two groups: one with blue eyes and other with brown eyes. Other eye colors such as hazel or green were excluded from his exercise. Then she told the class that brown-eyed people were cleverer than blue-eyed ones because of an agent for brown color found in their blood. Blue-eyed people were stupid, lazy and not to be trusted. Jane Elliott did not need to say any more. The brown-eyed students quickly got used to their new role as the leaders of the class. The blue-eyed students became quiet and withdrawn. Then she discovered something very interesting. Four poor brown-eyed readers began to read fluently in a way they had never done before.____49____So if you want to be successful and happy, take an interest in others whether they are your classmates or workmates. Congratulate them on their success and sympathize with them in their troubles.____50____ A. Before the experiment the management talked to both groups of workers and explained that they wanted to find the best working environment for them. B. Remember that the way you treat others will decide their attitude and behavior to you. C. The second experiment shows what happens to personal relations if you are rude to or ignore others. D. The ones who have more friends usually are those who care about others. E. Jane Elliott had shown that the way people are treated affects not only their behavior but also their confidence and their performance. F. You may even imagine that this ability was something they were born with because it seems so effortless to them. G. The second experiment tells us what teachers said had a great effect on the students. 【答案】46. F 47. A 48. C 49. E 50. B 【解析】 这是一篇说明文。本文介绍了了两个心理实验,将给我们揭开快乐的人际关系的关键。一组参 与实验的人员都给予关注和鼓励结果他们的生产积极性提高了；而另一组参与实验的人员没 有得到关心，而且还说给他们听不中听的泄气的话，结果这批人很安静和颓废。 【46 题详解】 根据下文 However, it is not so 然而，事实并非如此。所以选项与后文是转折关系。故 F 选项“你 甚至可以想象这种能力是他们与生俱来的，因为它对他们来说似乎是毫不费力的。”切题。 故选 F。 【47 题详解】 根据上文 A group of psychologists examined the work patterns of two groups of workers in the Western Electric Company.可知，一组心理学家研究了西部电力公司两组工人的工作模式。选项 承接上文且话题一致。故 A 选项“在实验之前，管理人员与两组工人进行了交谈，并解释说他们想为自己找到最佳的工作环境”切题。故选 A。 【48 题详解】 根据上文 In other words, if you take an interest in others, they will want to please you and you will have good relations with them.可知，换句话说，如果你对别人感兴趣，他们就会想要取悦你， 你就会和他们有很好的关系。所以选项承接上文说明第二个实验结果。故 C 选项“第二个实验 表明，如果你粗鲁地对待或忽视他人，人际关系会发生什么变化。 ”切题。故选 C。 【49 题详解】 根据上句 Then she discovered something very interesting. Four poor brown-eyed readers began to read fluently in a way they had never done before.可知，然后她发现了一件非常有趣的事情。四个 可怜的棕色眼睛的读者开始以一种他们从未有过的方式流利地阅读，所以选项是对上面试验 的总结。故 E 选项“简 · 艾略特证明了人们被对待的方式，不仅影响他们的行为，还影响他 们的自信和表现。”切题。故选 E。 50 题详解】 根据上句 So if you want to be successful and happy, take an interest in others whether they are your classmates or workmates. Congratulate them on their success and sympathize with them in their troubles.可知所以，如果你想要成功和快乐，对别人感兴趣，不管他们是你的同学还是同事。 祝贺他们的成功，同情他们的困难。所以选项是对该段的主旨大意的总结，故 B 选项“记住， 你对待他人的方式将决定他们对你的态度和行为。”切题。故选 B。 第三部分：书面表达（共两节，35 分） 第一节（15 分） 51.假设你是红星中学高三学生李华，你们班留学生 Jim 现在美国居家学习，请给他写一个电 子邮件，内容如下：1.告诉他你们学校即将举行在线运动会（运动会形式，内容……）； 2. 邀请他参加。 注意：1．词数不少于 50； 2．开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear Jim, ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ 【________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 【答案】Dear Jim， I heard that you have studied at home in America these days. How is everything going? I am glad to tell you that our school will hold an online sports meet. The sports meet will be held from 8:00 am to 12:00 am on April 20. In the sports meeting, students can involve themselves in various online activities, such as Rope Jump, long jump competition, relay  race and running with a ball. During the rest time, you can also enjoy some wonderful performances taken by cheerleaders. I’m sure you will have a great time with us. Besides, there will be a free conversation session, which would be a good chance for you to make more Chinese friends. We will be honored if you can join us. Yours, Li Hua 【解析】 【分析】 此篇书面表达为应用文。要求考生写一封邮件，邀请留学生参加在线运动会。 【详解】第一步：审题 题材：应用文。 人称：第一人称、第二和第三人称。 时态：一般将来时和一般现在时为主。 要点： 告诉 Jim 学校举办在线运动会； 运动会的时间； 运动会的具体项目； 邀请 Jim 参加。 第二步：列出重点短语 hold an online sports meet； involve oneself in …； various online activities； enjoy some wonderful performances； have a great time； make more Chinese friends. 第四步：连词成句 I heard that you have studied at home in America these days. I am glad to tell you that our school will hold an online sports meet. The sports meet will be held from 8:00 am to 12:00 am on April 20. In the sports meeting, students can involve themselves in various online activities, such as rope Jump, long jump competition, relay race and running with a ball. You can also enjoy some wonderful performances taken by cheerleaders. I’m sure you will have a great time with us. There will be a free conversation session, which would be a good chance for you to make more Chinese friends. We will be honored if you can join us. 第五步：修改润色 【点睛】范文内容完整，要点全面，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当，上下文意思连贯，符 合逻辑关系。作者在范文中使用了一些固定词组和高级句式，如 involve oneself in ; have a great time. if 引导的条件状语从 We will be honored if you can join us.which 引导的非限制性定语从句 Besides, there will be a free conversation session, which would be a good chance for you to make more Chinese friends。全文中没有中国式英语的句式，显示了很高的驾驭英语的 能力。另外，文章思路清晰、层次分明，上下句转换自然，为文章增色添彩。 第二节（20 分） 52.假设你是红星中学高三学生李华，请根据以下四幅图的先后顺序，介绍你在寒假期间参加“丝 绸之路文化行”敦煌站的活动过程，并以“Silk Road Travel” 为题，给校刊“英语角”写一篇英文稿件。 注意：1．词数不少于 60; 2．开头已给出，不计入总词数。 提示词：莫高窟 the Mogao CavesSilk Road Travel This winter vacation I went to Dunhuang to explore the Silk Road with my classmates． . . . . . . 【答案】Silk Road Travel This winter vacation I went to Dunhuang to explore the Silk Road with my classmates．we arrived at Dunhuang on a sunny day. On arriving at the railway station, we were in high spirits. The next day, we visited the Mogao Caves, and were deeply impressed by its scenery, conductor’s vivid introduction, fabulous artworks of ancient craftsmen. While we were there, we also experienced the exploration of the Silk Road, sitting on the camels and trekking in the vast desert. Before leaving, we took a photo together to memorize the trip in front of the train station, the Culture Tour along the Silk Road. We treasure the trip in our hearts. 【解析】 【分析】 这是一篇图画作文。 【详解】第一步：审题。审题的目的是获取重要信息。通过审题我们可以确定几个方面的信 息。第一，假设你是红星中学高三学生李华，请根据以下四幅图的先后顺序，介绍你在寒假期间参加“丝绸之路文化行”敦煌站的活动过程，并以“Silk Road Travel” 为题，给校刊“英语角”写一篇英文稿件。第二，人称为第一人称。第三，时态为一般过去 时。 第二步：布局段落，确定主要段落，次要段落，段落数量。这篇写作段落数量为三段。第一 段，出发并到达敦煌火车站。第二段，参观了哪些景点，体验了什么。第三段，合影留念， 表达感情。 第三步：确定关键词汇和短语: explore the Silk Road，in high spirits，be deeply impressed by， ancient craftsmen，memorize the trip. 第四步：确定较为高级的句子: while 引导的时间状语从句和现在分词作状语 While we were there, we also experienced the exploration of the Silk Road, sitting on the camels and trekking in the vast desert. 第五步：连句成文，注意使用恰当的连接词进行过渡衔接: The next day ，Before，Finally. 第六步：注意书写，保持卷面整洁，避免划线，乱擦。 【点睛】文章思路清晰，语言规范，段落整齐，语篇连贯，层次清晰。使用了较为高级的句 式: while 引导的时间状语从句和现在分词作状语 While we were there, we also experienced the exploration of the Silk Road, sitting on the camels and trekking in the vast desert. 高级句式的应用提升了写作的档次，整个短文显示出了作者高水平的英语表达能力。