2018-2019 年度福州市高三 5 月高考模拟
英语试卷
第Ⅰ卷
第一部分 听力（共两节，满分 30 分）
第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分 40 分）
第一节 （共 15 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 30 分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C 和 D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上
将该项涂黑。
A
The sound of music
The Calgary Folk Music Festival (25-28 July) was born 40 years ago, and has grown from a grassroots event to
a celebration that brings together thousands of musicians, artists and fans. The festival is held in Princes Island Park
and its relaxed, welcoming atmosphere makes it a great spot in the sun while enjoying some quality folk music.
Want to keep the music playing? Head to Studio Bell, where the new National Music Centre hosts regular
exhibitions and concerts.
Green city
Though it’s a relatively short drive to the legendary Rocky Mountains, Calgary itself is also filled in greenery.
A comprehensive network of urban pathways offers walkers and cyclists an urban oasis and an eco-friendly way
to get around the city’s neighborhoods. Take a slow walk or cycle downtown along the riverside or walk across the
futuristic Peace Bridge to explore the urban village，of Kensington. Alternatively take in the scenic views and
sunshine by rafting(乘筏) down the mighty Bow River instead.
,From farm to patio
Calgary is home to a farm-to-table scene. Discover the whitewashed brick walls and nose-to-tail philosophy in
the Model Milk, while plant-lined ceilings and a vegetable menu await in bright and airy Ten Foot Henry.
Calgarians take their beer as seriously as their steak and it wouldn’t be summer in Calgary without a good
patio-hopping session. Start off at 17th Avenue institution The Ship & Anchor, then make your way to Cold Garden.
Don't fancy walking? Explore the city’s craft-beer scene by bike with Urban Pedal Tours.
1. What can we learn about the Calgary Folk Music Festival?
A. It lasts three days in July every year.
B. It is a celebration for grassroots musicians.
C. It has a history of less than 40 years
D. It draws more and more folk music lovers.
2. How many ways are recommended to get around this green city?
A. One B. Two.
C. Three. D. Four
3. What is the underlined phrase "a good patio-hopping session" in the last paragraph about?
A. Taking a bike trip. B. Drinking beer.
C. Visiting the Model Milk. D. Making craft.
【答案】1. D 2. C 3. B
【解析】
这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍在卡尔加里可以参加的三个休闲活动
【1 题详解】
细节理解题。由第一段第一句“The Calgary Folk Music Festival (25-28 July) was born 40 years ago, and has
grown from a grassroots event to a celebration that brings together thousands of musicians, artists and fans.”可知，
卡尔加里民族音乐节（7 月 25 日-28 日）在 40 年前就诞生了，并且从一个草根活动发展为一个有成千上万
音乐家，艺术家和爱好者的庆典活动。所以卡尔加里民间音乐节吸引了越来越多的民间音乐爱好者。故选
D。
【2 题详解】
细节理解题。由第四段内容可知，第四段第一句“A comprehensive network of urban pathways offers walkers and
cyclists an urban oasis and an eco-friendly way to get around the city’s neighborhoods.”介绍的是城市道路的全面
网状系统给散步者和骑自行车者提供了一片都市绿洲和一条环保道路去游览城市街区；第二句“Take a slow
walk or cycle downtown along the riverside or walk across the futuristic Peace Bridge to explore the urban village，of Kensington.”介绍的是沿着河边慢步行走或者骑自行车去市区，又或者沿着和平桥散步去探索肯辛顿这个
都市村庄；第三句“Alternatively, take in the scenic views and sunshine by rafting(乘筏) down the mighty Bow
River instead.”介绍的是可以乘筏顺流而下到伟大的鲍河去欣赏风景和阳光。由此可见，共有三种方式游览
卡尔加里这座城市。故选 C。
【3 题详解】
词义猜测题。由最后一段的第一句“Calgarians take their beer as seriously as their steak and it wouldn’t be
summer in Calgary without a good patio-hopping session.”可知，卡尔加里人们对待他们的啤酒就像对待他们的
牛排一样认真。所以如果没有一个好的露台啤酒活动,卡尔加里的夏天就不是夏天。所以根据上下文语境，
可以判断出划线词的意思是“下划线的短语“a good patio-hopping session”是关于喝啤酒。故选 B。
B
When I first catch sight of Greta Thunberg, it is eight in the morning, and a small crowd has already gathered. It
is a Friday, her day of protest, and the 16-year-old is standing outside the parliament(议会) building, next to a sign
saying “School strike for climate” in Swedish.
This is the 26th week of her protest, which has taken place every Friday since school started last August. Her
goal is to bring Sweden in line with the 2016 Paris Agreement, which promises to limit global warming to below 2℃,
compared with pre-industrial levels.
Over the past six months Greta has rocketed to a level of fame and influence that pretty much nobody,
including herself, expected. Her protest was quickly highlighted by the media. Then came a TED talk and an
invitation to address last December’s U.N. climate talks in Poland.
While Greta may seem an unlikely climate activist, it was not entirely accidental that she became one. Like
many children, Greta watched educational films about the melting Arctic and the fate of the polar bears and the
marine mammals bloated (肿胀) with plastic. But unlike other children, she couldn’t let them go. “I became very
affected. I began thinking about it all the time.” said Greta.
Greta began researching climate change and has been staying on the topic for six years. She has stopped eating
meat and buying anything that isn’t necessary. In 2015, Greta stopped flying on airplanes, and a year later, her mother
followed her example, giving up an international performing career. The family has started growing their own
vegetables on his own garden outside the city. To meet me in central Stockholm, Greta and her father rode their bikes
for about half an hour, although the family has an electric car that they use only when necessary.
4. What can be inferred from the second paragraph?
A. Industry in Sweden is developing too fast.
,B. School climate education remains to be improved.
C. The climate around the world has increased by 2℃.
D. Sweden should do more to meet the Paris Agreement.
5. Why did Greta become the focus of media attention?
A. She was expected to be famous.
B. She was invited to the TED talk.
C. She skipped school for the protest.
D. She was active in the protest as a child.
6. What makes Greta devoted to climate activities?
A. The educational programs.
B. Her speech at U.N. climate talks.
C. Her great concern about climate change.
D. The protest of “School strike for climate”
7. What happened after Greta became a climate activist?
A. She moved to the countryside.
B. She had an eco-friendly life.
C. She followed her mother’s example.
D. She gave up her work for her research.
【答案】4. D 5. D 6. C 7. B
【解析】
这是一篇记叙文。文章主要叙述了 Greta 这个女孩为气候变化所做了哪些努力。
【4 题详解】
推理判断题。由第二段的第二句前半部分“Her goal is to bring Sweden in line with the 2016 Paris Agreement”
可知，Greta 这么做的目标是为了让瑞典能够符合 2016 巴黎协议要求。由此可测，瑞典应采取更多行动来
履行《巴黎协定》。故选 D。
【5 题详解】
细节理解题。由第二段第一句“This is the 26th week of her protest, which has taken place every Friday since
school started last August.”可知，Greta 自从去年八月学校开学后每个周五都会为气候变化进行抗议，这是她
第 26 次的抗议。由此可见，Greta 作为学生为气候变化抗议的积极行为，引起了媒体的注意。故选 D。
【6 题详解】
细节理解题。由第四段最后一句““I became very affected. I began thinking about it all the time.” said Greta.”可知，Greta 深受影响并且开始一直思考气候变化问题。由此可见， Greta 非常关注气候变化，让葛丽塔投身
于气候活动。故选 C。
【7 题详解】
细节理解题。由最后一段的第二句“She has stopped eating meat and buying anything that isn’t necessary.”，和
第三句前半部分“In 2015, Greta stopped flying on airplanes”可知，Greta 不吃肉和不购买不需要的物品，在
2015 年她还停止了搭乘飞机。由此可见，Greta 成为气候活动家后，她过着环保的生活。故选 B。
C
I have been reading about Leonardo da Vinci for decades and in 1994 I bought one of the notebooks, in which
Leonardo recorded his thoughts and outlined ideas.
What does a Renaissance(文艺复兴) artist have to do with optimism? For me, the connection is innovation. I
feel optimistic about the future because I know that advances in human knowledge have improved life for billions of
people, and I am confident they will keep doing so. Although I am no art expert, everything I have learned about
Leonardo leads me to believe he was one of the most innovative thinkers ever.
Today of course Leonardo is most famous for paintings like the Mona Lisa and The Last Supper. But in his mind,
Leonardo was not primarily a painter. He thought of himself as an engineer first. In a letter to the ruler of Milan listing
his strengths, sent in the early 1480s, Leonardo mentioned ten different skills — designing bridges, tunnels, for
example — before adding at the end that he could also paint.
Leonardo was a never-ending learner. He studied everything he could see: the flow of water, the way smoke
rises through the air, how a bird uses its tongue. And he had insights that were ahead of his time. He was the first
person to correctly explain why you can see light between the two points of a crescent moon, the phenomenon we
now call earthshine.
Scientific inquiries like these were essential to Leonardo’s art. He was able to give the Mona Lisa that
mysterious look on her face because he had studied all the muscles involved in smiling. In The Last Supper, he could
make the perspective lines (透视线) work perfectly because he had spent countless hours understanding how our
eyes see objects at a distance. By examining his surroundings so closely, Leonardo was able to develop new
techniques that advanced his field and described the world in a way no one had ever seen before. In other words, he
was an innovator.
8. In what way does Leonardo da Vinci make the author feel optimistic about future?
A. The creativity he represents. B. His famous paintings.
C. The outline of his notebook. D. His engineering achievements.
,9. What can we learn about Leonardo da Vinci according to the text?
A. He desires to know more at all times.
B. He is able to raise difficult questions.
C. He has a strong desire for achievement.
D. He is able to learn and understand things fast.
10. What does the last paragraph focus on?
A. Which fields Leonardo was expert in.
B. Why Leonardo is regarded as an innovator.
C. What made the Mona Lisa and The Last Supper stand out.
D. How Leonardo applied scientific theories to his paintings.
11. Which of the following can best summarize Leonardo da Vinci according to the text?
A. Curious about arts. B. Talented in many fields.
C. Determined in science. D. Skilled in paintings.
【答案】8. A 9. A 10. D 11. B
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍列奥纳多·达·芬奇是一位有创新精神的思想家。
【8 题详解】
推理判断题。由第二段的“ I feel optimistic about the future because I know that advances in human knowledge
have improved life for billions of people .Although I am no art expert, everything I have learned about Leonardo
leads me to believe he was one of the most innovative thinkers ever.”可知，作者对未来感到乐观，因为作者知道
人类知识的进步已经改善了数十亿人的生活。虽然作者不是艺术专家，但作者对达芬奇的了解使我相信他
是有史以来最具创新精神的思想家之一。由此判断出，列奥纳多的创新精神让作者对未来保持乐观。故选
A。
【9 题详解】
细节理解题。由第四段的第一句“Leonardo was a never-ending learner.”可知，列奥纳多是一位永不停止的
学习者。由此可见，列纳奥多求知欲很强，他总是想知道得更多。故选 A。
【10 题详解】
主旨大意题。由最后一段“He was able to give the Mona Lisa that mysterious look on her face because he had
studied all the muscles involved in smiling. In The Last Supper, he could make the perspective lines (透视线) work
perfectly because he had spent countless hours understanding how our eyes see objects at a distance.”可知，他能够给蒙娜丽莎那种神秘的表情，因为他研究了所有涉及微笑的肌肉。在《最后的晚餐》中，他可以让透视线
完美地工作，因为他花了无数个小时来理解我们的眼睛是如何在远处看到物体的。最后一段的重点是达芬
奇如何将科学理论运用到他的绘画中。故选 D。
【11 题详解】
推理判断题。由第三段的最后一句“In a letter to the ruler of Milan listing his strengths, sent in the early 1480s,
Leonardo mentioned ten different skills — designing bridges, tunnels, for example — before adding at the end that he
could also paint.”可知，在 1480 年早期寄给米兰统治者的一封信中罗列了他的强项，列纳奥多在信的最后
补充他也能绘画之前，先提及了 10 项不同的技能，如设计桥梁，隧道。由此判断出，列纳奥多在不同的领
域都很有天赋。故选 B。
【点睛】解答主旨大意题可以通过在首段，尾段或者段首，段尾找主旨句解答，尤其是在说明文题材，往
往作者在首段或者尾段，段首，段尾这几个地方进行主旨，态度表达。如本文的小题 3，考查的是段落主旨
大意，最后一段“He was able to give the Mona Lisa that mysterious look on her face because he had studied all the
muscles involved in smiling. In The Last Supper, he could make the perspective lines (透视线) work perfectly
because he had spent countless hours understanding how our eyes see objects at a distance.”可知，他能够给蒙娜丽
莎那种神秘的表情，因为他研究了所有涉及微笑的肌肉。在《最后的晚餐》中，他可以让透视线完美地工
作，因为他花了无数个小时来理解我们的眼睛是如何在远处看到物体的。最后一段的重点是达芬奇如何将
科学理论运用到他的绘画中。故选 D。
D
Researchers have long known that lack of sleep can cause weight gain and increase other health risks. But for
those who force themselves out of bed every weekday after too few hours of sleep, they always hope that turning off
the alarm on weekends will repay the weekly sleep debt and change any ill effects around completely.
New research published in Current Biology destroys those hopes. Despite complete freedom to sleep in during a
weekend recovery period, participants in a sleep laboratory who were limited to five hours of sleep on weekdays
gained nearly three pounds over two weeks. They also experienced metabolic disruption (新陈代谢紊乱). Weekend
recovery sleep had some benefits after a single week of lack of sleep. However, those gains were wiped out when
people went back into their old schedule the next Monday.
“These health effects are long-term,” said Kenneth Wright at the University of Colorado at Boulder, who
oversaw the work. “It’s kind of like smoking once was. People would smoke and wouldn’t see an immediate effect on
their health, but now they will say that smoking is not a healthy lifestyle choice. I think “catch-up” sleep is in the early
phase of where smoking used to be.”
Michael Grandner, at the University of Arizona, said the study highlights that people need to stop thinking of sleep as a balance sheet (资产负债表). Considerably cutting calories all week and then bingeing on (无节制地吃) a
giant pizza on Saturday would not restore balance. That is essentially what people are doing when they skip sleep on
weekdays with the idea that they can make up for it on the weekend.
The study suggests people should put sleep first — cutting out the optional “sleep stealers” such as watching
television shows or spending time on electronic devices. Even when people do not have a choice about losing sleep
due to tight schedules, they should think about sleep first in the same way they would a healthy diet or exercise.
12. Why do people hope to sleep longer on weekends?
A. To avoid some debt concerns. B. To cure some illness.
C. To get some health benefits. D. To get complete freedom.
13. What can we infer about weekend recovery sleep from Kenneth Wright?
A. It has the long-term benefits. B. It hides some potential harm.
C. It causes smoking problems. D. It contributes to losing weight.
14. What does the text suggest people do about sleep?
A. Sleep well every day. B. Guarantee weekly sleeping hours.
C. Make up for missing sleep. D. Stop watching TV shows before bed.
15. What can be a suitable title for the text?
A. Weekend “Catch-Up Sleep” Is a Lie.
B. Watch out for "Sleep Stealers".
C. Sleep and Smoking are alike.
D. Lack of Sleep Does No Good.
【答案】12. C 13. B 14. A 15. A
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍用周末睡觉去补充工作日的睡眠不足，这种做法也会影响到身体健康。建
议人们应该把睡眠放在第一位，不要再去看电视节目或在电子设备上花费时间等可选的“偷睡”活动。他
们也应该首先考虑睡眠，就像他们考虑健康饮食或锻炼一样。
【12 题详解】
细节理解题。由第一段的最后一句“But for those who force themselves out of bed every weekday after too few
hours of sleep, they always hope that turning off the alarm on weekends will repay the weekly sleep debt and change
any ill effects around completely.”可知，那些工作日逼迫自己睡了几个小时之后醒来的人，他们总是希望周
末关掉闹钟去偿还工作日睡眠不足的债务，并且完全地改变任何不良作用。由此判断出，为什么人们希望
在周末睡得更久是因为人们希望保持健康。故选 C。【13 题详解】
推理判断题。由第三段 Kenneth Wright 所说的话“It’s kind of like smoking once was. People would smoke and
wouldn’t see an immediate effect on their health, but now they will say that smoking is not a healthy lifestyle choice.
I think “catch-up” sleep is in the early phase of where smoking used to be.”可知，周末补觉有点像曾经的吸烟，
人们过去想吸烟并且看不到吸烟对他们健康有立即的影响，但是现在他们将会说吸烟不是一个健康的生活
方式，Kenneth Wright 认为这种“赶着”睡觉的行为正是吸烟以前所处的早期阶段。由此可见，周末补觉这
种行为也是像吸烟一样，早期看不出对健康有立即的影响，但是实际上是不健康的，即对健康有潜在的危
害。故选 B。
【14 题详解】
推理判断题。由最后一段的第一句“The study suggests people should put sleep first — cutting out the optional
“sleep stealers” such as watching television shows or spending time on electronic devices.”可知，该研究建议人们
应该把睡眠放在首位，停止那些可选择性的“睡眠偷盗者”，如看电视节目或者把时间花费在电子产品上。
由此判断出，短文建人们好好睡觉。故选 A。
【15 题详解】
主旨大意题。由整篇文章内容可知，文章第一段最后一句“But for those who force themselves out of bed every
weekday after too few hours of sleep, they always hope that turning off the alarm on weekends will repay the weekly
sleep debt and change any ill effects around completely.”，第二段的第一句“New research published in Current
Biology destroys those hopes.”，第三段的第一句“These health effects are long-term”和第四段的第一句
“Michael Grandner, at the University of Arizona, said the study highlights that people need to stop thinking of sleep
as a balance sheet (资产负债表).”可知，文章第一段介绍了那些工作日逼迫自己睡了几个小时之后醒来的人，
他们总是希望周末关掉闹钟去偿还工作日睡眠不足的债务，并且完全地改变任何不良作用。但是，在《当
代生物学》上发表的一项新研究破坏了那些希望。周末补觉的行为产生的健康影响是长期的，而且这项研
究强调人们需要停止把睡觉认为是一种资产负债表。由此可见，
本文主要在说明周末补觉这种行为实际上不是人们所希望的那样，可以维持健康。 选项 A 描述的题目是：
周末赶着睡觉是个谎言。为短文最佳标题。故选 A。
第二节（共 5 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 10 分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Lots of students are unsure about a variety of factors when they consider which college might represent a good
fit for them, but they believe they know exactly what they want when it comes to college size.
___16___. Here are a few of the less-obvious reasons a smaller school might be a good fit:
1. The professors actually do the teaching. Most small colleges only teach undergraduate degrees.______17______, and more importantly, graduate students won’t be teaching any of your classes.
2. More focused and direct feedback (反馈). You’ve heard the expression “You’re just a number.” Think about
the homework and tests that need to be graded in a class with 450 students. ______18______. But at small schools,
class sizes are smaller, and professors will have more time to read a student’s work.
3. Research chances. Students at small schools are able to develop relationships with professors more easily,
since there is a smaller number of students. ______19______.
4. Less red tape. It’s just easier to get things done at a small school. ______20______, and there are fewer
regulations. One of the biggest frustrations (令人沮丧的事物) at large schools is that important classes become full
quickly, forcing students to either take them over the summer or stay an extra term.
A. Small colleges may offer more sports activities
B. Professors and administrators have more flexibility
C. That means there aren’t graduate students on campus
D. The size of a school really can change your experience
E. It’s great to see students make a 180-degree turn after they visit some small colleges
F. Teachers there don’t have much time to offer advice on every student’s piece of work
G. Most professors know their students’ names and count on them to take part in their research
【答案】16. E 17. C 18. F 19. G 20. B
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍小规模学校可能更适合学生的一些原因。
【16 题详解】
由空格后一句“Here are a few of the less-obvious reasons a smaller school might be a good fit”可知，这里是一些小
规模学校可能更适合学生的不太明显的原因。选项 E 表达的是“当他们参观完一些小规模的学院之后，很
开心看见学生 180 度的转变”，由此可知，学生是看到了小规模学院存在的优势，才会做出转变，和后一句
表达的小规模学校更适合学生的原因相呼应。故选 E。
【17 题详解】
由本句的后半部分“and more importantly, graduate students won’t be teaching any of your classes.”可知，更重
要的是，研究生将不会给你教授任何课程。本句提及的对象是研究生。选项 C 表示的是“那意味着校园里
没有研究生”，和后半部分研究生不上课相呼应。故选C。
【18 题详解】
由前二句“You’ve heard the expression “You’re just a number.””和“Think about the homework and tests that
need to be graded in a class with 450 students.”可知，你听说过这样的表达“你只是一个数字”，想想那些在一个有 450 名学生的班级里需要被评分的作业和试卷。这两句都是在表达学生太多，作业试卷只有分数，没
有更多的建议。选项 F“那里的老师没有太多的时间给每一位学生的作业提供意见”，符合语境。故选F。
【19 题详解】
由前一句“Students at small schools are able to develop relationships with professors more easily, since there is a
smaller number of students.”可知，由于学生人数比较少，在小规模学校的学生能更容易地和教授建立关系。
本句提及的对象是教授和学生之间的关系。选项 G 表达的是“大部分的教授知道学生的名字并且指望他们
参加研究”，也是在提及教授和学生之间的关系，是对前一句的具体说明，符合语境。故选G。
【20 题详解】
由本句的后半部分“and there are fewer regulations.”可知，后半部分提及的是有更少的规则。选项B 表示的
是“教授和行政管理者有更多的灵活性”，和后半部分的更少的规则相呼应，切题。故选B。
第三部分 英语知识运用（共两节，满分 45 分）
第一节 完形填空（共 20 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 30 分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C 和 D）中，选出可以填入空白处的
最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
In Brazil, it is very common for poor people to collect recyclables to sell and make a living — but it’s ___21___
to see them sit down in a restaurant where the average meal costs $100. However, that’s ___22___ what happened
when a man walked into Benvindo, a(n)___23___ restaurant in Belo Horizonte.
The customer, appearing to be homeless ___24___ the waiters, asked for a meal and ___25___ that he wanted to
pay for the meal with the money he had made by working decently: a single $50 bill.
The man chose a(n)___26___ lunch which includes an appetizer, main dish, and dessert. The bill ___27___ to
$121.80 – but when the man asked for the bill, the ___28___ of the restaurant asked the waiter to ___29___ the
charge. ____30____ accepting the free meal, however, the man ____31____ refused.
When it became ____32____ that the man was not changing his mind, the waiter agreed to ____33____ him $10.
The waiter later said that he had to ____34____, saying it was an ongoing ____35____. Even so, the man paid $50
and was refusing to get the $40 ____36____.
We just watched a great ____37____ of sympathy. The ease (淡然) of this waiter made me think about the many
____38____ we choose in life trying to be happy ____39____ many times, it’s in the simpliest and most truthful way
that is closer and more ____40____ than we realize.
21. A. difficult B. different C. rare D. unique
22. A. merely B. partly C. nearly D. exactly
,23. A. expensive B. self-service C. cheap D. take-away
24. A. respected B. praised C. approached D. helped
25. A. insisted B. reminded C. expected D. regretted
26. A. free B. simple C. packed D. fine
27. A. came B. referred C. added D. returned
28. A. chef B. receptionist C. customer D. owner
29. A. put away B. give up C. take back D. turn down
30. A. Other than B. Rather than C. Or rather D. Or else
31. A. politely B. absolutely C. frequently D. patiently
32. A. vivid B. apparent C. strange D. absurd
33. A. offer B. bring C. charge D. pay
34. A. leave B. apologize C. refuse D. lie
35. A. promotion B. treatment C. management D. suggestion
36. A. bill B. change C. cash D. price
37. A. position B. decision C. example D. idea
38. A. models B. paths C. moments D. cases
39. A. so B. or C. for D. and
40. A. convenient B. acceptable C. accessible D. reasonable
【答案】21. C 22. D 23. A 24. C 25. A 26. D 27. A 28. D 29. B 30. B
31. A 32. B 33. C 34. D 35. A 36. B 37. C 38. B 39. D 40. C
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍一位好像无家可归的男人来到昂贵的餐厅就餐，餐厅服务员不收钱男人费
用，但是因为男人的坚持，服务员不得不撒谎收取 10 美金，最后男人还是坚持支付了 50 美金的故事。
【21 题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在巴西，贫穷的人们收集和卖可回收物品来谋生是非常普遍的，但是却很少
能看见他们坐在一个平均一餐要花费 100 美金的餐馆里。A. difficult 困难的； B. different 不同的； C. rare
稀少的； D. unique 独一无二的。由本句中的 but 可知，前半部分描述的贫穷的人们收集可回收物品谋生的
现象是普遍的，要和后半部分他们坐在昂贵的餐馆形成对比，选项 C. rare 稀少的, 和前半部分的 common 普
通的，形成对比。故选 C。
【22 题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：但是，当一个男人走进 Benvindo，一所在贝洛哈里桑塔市的昂贵餐馆，恰好发
生了这些事。A. merely 仅仅，只不过； B. partly 部分地； C. nearly 几乎，差不多； D. exactly 恰好地。由
本句中的 however 可知，本句所描述的内容需要和前一句的“很少能看见他们坐在一个平均一餐要花费100
美金的餐馆里面”形成对比，选项D. exactly 恰好地，表达的是恰好地发生了他们在餐馆，符合语境。故选
D。
【23 题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但是，当一个男人走进 Benvindo，一所在贝洛哈里桑塔市的昂贵餐馆，恰好
发生了这些事。A. expensive 昂贵的； B. self-service 自助的； C. cheap 廉价的； D. take-away 可带走的。
由前一句的“but it’s ___1___ to see them sit down in a restaurant where the average meal costs $100.”可知，一个
平均每餐价值 100 美金的餐馆表示的是昂贵的，选项 A. expensive 昂贵的，符合语境。故选 A。
【24 题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：这位顾客，似乎是无家可归的人，向服务员走去，点了一份餐，并且坚持想要
用他通过体面工作挣来的钱：一张只有 50 美金的钞票支付餐费。A. respected 尊重； B. praised 赞扬；C.
approached 走近，接近； D. helped 帮助。本句语境描述的是这位顾客走向服务员，然后点餐，选项 C.
approached 表达的是接近，符合语境。故选 C。
【25 题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：这位顾客，似乎是无家可归的人向服务员走去，点了一份餐，并且坚持想要用
他通过体面工作挣来的钱：一张只有 50 美金的钞票支付餐费。A. insisted 坚持； B. reminded 提醒； C.
expected 认为，期望； D. regretted 后悔，遗憾。由第四段的第一句“the man was not changing his mind”可
知，这位顾客没有改变他的主意，坚持要用他挣来的 50 美金支付餐费，选项 A. insisted 表示的是坚持的意
思，符合语境。故选 A。
【26 题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这个男人选择了一份包含有开胃菜，主食和甜品的精美午餐。A. free 免费的，
自由的； B. simple 简单的； C. packed 充满…的； D. fine 好的，精美的。由本句的后半部分这份午饭包含
开胃菜，主食和甜品可知，这份午餐非常精致，选项 D 符合语境。故选 D。
【27 题详解】
考查动词词组辨析。句意：这份账单共计 121.80 美金，但是当这个男人要结账的时候，餐馆的主人要求服
务员不收费用。A. came to 总计； B. referred to 参考； C. added to 增加到； D. returned to 恢复到。由本句
后半部分这个男人要账单买单可知，这份账单费用总共是 121.80 美金，选项 A. come to 表达的是共计，符
合语境。故选 A。
【28 题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：这份账单共计 121.80 美金，但是当这个男人要账单的时候，餐馆的主人要求服
务员不收费用。A. chef 厨师； B. receptionist 接待员； C. customer 顾客； D. owner 主人。根据本句语境可
知，要求服务员不要去收取费用的人是餐馆的主人，选项 D 符合语境。故选 D。
【29 题详解】
考查动词词组辨析。句意：这份账单共计 121.80 美金，但是当这个男人要账单的时候，餐馆的主人要求服
务员不收费用。A. put away 收拾，抛弃； B. give up 放弃； C. take back 拿回； D. turn down 减小，关小。
由后一句“___10___ accepting the free meal”中的 the free meal 免费餐可知，餐馆的主人要求服务员不收费
用。选项 B. give up 表示的是放弃，符合语境。故选 B。
【30 题详解】
考查副词词组辨析。句意：然而，这个人并没有接受免费的午餐，而是断然拒绝了。A. other than 除了；B. rather
than 而不是； C. or rather 更精确地说； D. or else 否则。由第四段的最后一句“Even so, the man paid $50”
可知，这个男人最后还是支付了 50 美金费用，没有接受这份免费餐。选项 B. rather than 表示的是不接受这
份免费餐，符合语境。故选 B。
【31 题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，这个人并没有接受免费的午餐，而是断然拒绝了。A. politely 委婉地；
B. absolutely 绝对地，完全地；C. frequently 频繁地；D. patiently 耐心地。由前一句餐馆主人要求服务员不
要收取费用，这是好意，然而，这个人委婉拒绝了。故选 A。
【32 题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当这名男子显然没有改变主意时，服务员同意收他 10 美金。A. vivid 生动的；
B. apparent 显然的，明显的；C. strange 陌生的； D. absurd 荒谬的。由本句后半部分服务员同意收取他 10
美金可知，这名男子显然没有改变主意。故选 B。
【33 题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：当这名男子显然没有改变主意时，服务员同意收他 10 美金。A. offer 提供； B. bring
拿来，带来； C. charge 向…索价； D. pay 支付。 由第四段最后一句“Even so, the man paid $50 and was refusing
to get the $40 ___16___.”可知，这个男人支付了50 美金并且拒绝被找回 40 美金。本句的 10 美金是服务员
要收取的费用。故选 C。
【34 题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：这个服务员后来说他不得不撒谎说这是仍在进行的促销活动。A. leave 离开；
B. apologize 道歉； C. refuse 拒绝； D. lie 撒谎。由前文语境可知，餐馆主人要求服务员不要收取费用，这
个男人拒绝了，于是这个服务员说收取 10 美金是促销活动，实际上是在撒谎。选项 D. lie 撒谎 符合语境。
故选 D。【35 题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：服务生后来说他不得不撒谎，说这是一个正在进行的促销活动。A. promotion 促
销； B. treatment 治疗； C. management 管理； D. suggestion 建议。这个服务员为了能收取 10 美金不得不
撒谎说这是促销。故选 A。
【36 题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：即使这样，这个男人支付了 50 美金而且还是拒绝接受这 40 美金的零钱。A. bill
账单； B. change 零钱； C. cash 现金； D. price 价格。由前文可知，服务员同意收取这个男人 10 美金作为
餐费，这个男人支付了 50 美金，40 美金是找回的零钱。故选 B。
【37 题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们只是看到了一个很好的同情的例子。A. position 位置，职位； B. decision 决
定，决心； C. example 例子，榜样； D. idea 想法，主意。 由前文语境可知，一位无家可归的男人在昂贵
的餐馆就餐，服务员善意撒谎只收取 10 美金，但是这个男人还是坚持支付了 50 美金，这是一个关于同情
的事例。故选 C。
【38 题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：这位服务员的淡然使我想到我们在生活中选择努力获得幸福的多种方式，而且
很多次，它都是最简单并且最真实的方法，比我们所意识到的还要更紧密和更易接近。A. models 模型，模
式; B. paths 方式，方法； C. moments 片刻； D. cases 情况.由本句的后半部分的“it’s in the simpliest and most
truthful way”可知，这是一个最简单的并且最真实的方法，选项 B. paths 和 way 方法相呼应。故选 B。
【39 题详解】
考查连词辨析。句意：这位服务员的淡然使我想到我们在生活中选择努力获得幸福的多种方式，而且很多
次，它都是最简单并且最真实的方法，比我们所意识到的还要更紧密和更易接近。A. so 所以； B. or 或者；
C. for 因为； D. and 和，并且。由空格前后句关系可知，前句表达的是我们在生活中选择努力开心的很多种
方法，后半句表达的这个方法是简单的并且最真实的，两者之间是并列关系。故选 D。
【40 题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这位服务员的淡然使我想到我们在生活中选择努力获得幸福的多种方式，而
且很多次，它都是最简单并且最真实的方式，比我们所意识到的还要更紧密和更易接近。A. convenient 方便
的； B. acceptable 可接受的； C. accessible 易接近的； D. reasonable 合理的。由空格前的“closer and”可
知，closer 和空格并列关系，closer 是更紧密的，选项 C. accessible 表示的是易接近的，符合语境。故选 C。
【点睛】完型填空技巧之一：利用连词解题。英语中连词除了连接作用之外，更重要 是它能把句子的逻
辑关系进行体现，巧用连词暗含的关系可以更有效的解题。如本文 20 小题，并列连词 and 说明前后是并列
关系，在词义，词性，语法结构等都保持一致的原则，and 前面的词是 closer，更紧密的，那么暗示 and 后
的面的空格处需要填写一个形容词，而且词义是和更紧密的有关系，故选 C。
第 II 卷
第三部分 英语知识运用（共两节，满分 45 分）
第二节 （共 10 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 15 分）
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1 个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。将答案填写在答题卡的相
应位置。
It is not unusual for people to spend two or three hours a day posting or reading posts on WeChat, to the point
___41___ it becomes an addiction. And it is an addiction. ___42___ is a chemical in your brain known as dopamine
(多巴胺), which is sometimes called the “reward molecule (分子)” and ___43___(it) release gives you a feeling of
pleasure. For example, when you post several ___44___(photo) on WeChat and get a hundred likes, you feel happy.
That’s dopamine at work.
A short while ago, I lost access ___45___ my WeChat account, which left me with a feeling of
___46___(anxious) for a few days. No doubt I missed my dopamine. And I got emails from friends
___47___(wonder) if I was fine or if I was just being anti-social. But I soon began to feel ___48___(true) peaceful
and started to worry less about what other people ___49___(do) and concentrate more on my personal life. In other
words, it offered me an opportunity ____50____(take) a break from social media. Someday I may re-connect with my
WeChat account, but I’m not in a hurry. Life can be more relaxing and just as interesting without it.
【答案】41. where
42. There 43. its
44. photos 45. to
46. anxiety
47. wondering
48. truly 49. were doing
50. to take
【解析】
这是一篇记叙文。人们每天花两三个小时在微信上发帖或阅读帖子，到了上瘾的地步，这并不罕见。这是
一种毒瘾，是由大脑中有一种叫做多巴胺的化学物质所导致，作者不久前，失去了微信账户的访问权限，
这让作者感到焦虑了几天，但是了也使作者一个从社交媒体中抽身的机会，使作者的生活更轻松，更有趣。
【41 题详解】
考查关系词。分析句子结构可知，空格后的句子“it becomes an addiction”是定语从句，修饰the point, the point
作为先行词，在定语从句中充当状语成分，表示在这点上，指代地点。故填连词 where。【42 题详解】
考查 There be 结构。句意：在你的大脑里有一种被认为是多巴胺的化学成分，这个成分有时候被称为“奖
励分子”并且它的释放能给你带来快乐的感觉。根据句意表示“有......”用 there be 句型。故填 There。
【43 题详解】
考查代词。分析句子结构可知，名词 release 前面需要有形容词性物主代词进行限定，it 的形容词物主代词
是 its。故填 its。
【44 题详解】
考查名词单复数。Photo 为可数名词，且前面有 several 好几个，表示多个，photo 需要用复数。故填
photos。
【45 题详解】
考查介词。分析句子结构可知，my WeChat account 前面缺失一个介词,由动词 access 可知，介词需搭配 to。
access to 为固定短语。故填 to。
【46 题详解】
考查名词。句意：不久前，我丢失了进入我微信账号的权利，这使得我焦虑了好几天。a feeling of+表示情
绪的名词，表示某种情绪，of 后面需要填写一个名词，anxious 是一个形容词，需要进行词性转换，变为名
词 anxiety。故填 anxiety。
【47 题详解】
考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，wonder 在句中是非谓语动词，充当定语，wonder 和名词 friends 之间
是主动关系，需用现在分词。故填 wondering。
【48 题详解】
考查副词。分析句子结构可知，形容词 peaceful 前面需用一个副词词性修饰，true 是形容词，需要进行词性
转换，变为副词 truly。故填 truly。
【49 题详解】
考查动词时态。句意：关于其他人在干什么事情，作者开始更少地去关心了。do 在宾语从句“what other people”
中充当谓语成分，表示在干什么，时态需使用正在进行时，主句中的谓语动词 started 是一般过去时，故宾
语从句谓语动词需使用过去进行时，宾语从句主语 other peoples 和动词 do 之间是主动关系。故填 were doing。
【50 题详解】
考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，opportunity 后接动词不定式作后置定语。故填 to take。
第四部分 写作（共两节，满分 35 分）
第一节 短文改错（共 10 小题；每小题 1 分，满分 10 分）
51.假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有 10 处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2. 只允许修改 10 处，多者（从第 11 处起）不计分。
Entering Senior One, I considered myself a “loser”, because I got a bad score in the entrance examination. I was
decided to go to one of the top university to get rid of it!
Honestly speaking, it was an extreme long and tough war. However, I was not afraid. All I did was to push me
further toward my dream. Finally, on December 9, 2018, I got a offer from my dream university. I suddenly thought
the “loser” label I have given myself. It didn’t matter any more.
Now, I find myself fill with confidence. Which matters most is how much you devote to fight for your dream.
【答案】1.去掉 was
2.university→universities
3.extreme→extremely
4.me→myself
5.a→an
6.thought 后面加 of
7.have→had
8.fill→filled
9.Which→What
10.fight→fighting
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍作者高一的时候认为自己是一个“失败者”，为了摆脱这个身份，作者经过
艰苦长期的努力，最终收到了一流大学的录取书，也找回了自信。
【详解】1.考查动词。主语 I 和动词 decided 是主动关系。故删掉 was。
2.考查名词单复数。one of+可数名词复数，表达的是众多…之一。故将 university 改成 universities。
3.考查副词。long 是形容词，需用副词修饰，故将 extreme 改成 extremely。
4.考查代词。句意：我所能做的是进一步地鞭策自己往梦想迈进。push oneself 表达是鞭策自己，逼迫自己。
主语为 All I did ，所以宾语为 myself。故将 me 改成 myself。5.考查冠词。名词 offer 是元音音素开头，故将 a 改成 an。
6.考查介词。句意：我突然想起我一直给自己的“失败者”标签。think of 表示想起，记起，故在 thought 后
面加 of。
7.考查时态。主句中的谓语动词 thought 是一般过去时，从句谓语动词 have 动作的发生早于主句谓语动作，
需使用过去完成时。故将 have 改成 had。
8.考查非谓语动词。动词 fill 和宾语 myself 是被动关系，需使用过去分词 done 作宾语补足语。故将 fill 改
成 filled。
9.考查连接词。句意：最要紧的事情是你为你的梦想付出了多少。本句为主语从句，主语从句中缺少主语，
所以用连接词 what 来引导主语从句。故将 Which 改成 What。
10.考查非谓语动词。devote to doing sth 表达的是致力于做某事，to 是介词，后接 doing。故将 fight 改成
fighting。
第二节 书面表达 （满分 25 分）
52.假定你是李华，你班交换生 Jim 请你给他推荐一门校本课程。鉴于他擅长数学，你打算向他推荐珠算这
门课程。请你给他写封电子邮件，内容包括：
1. 推荐的理由；
2. 应做的准备；
3. 恰当的结尾。
注意:1. 词数: 100 左右;
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3. 生词：校本 school-based，珠算 Zhusuan，算盘 abacus 。
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Dear Jim,
Knowing that you’re good at maths, I think Zhusuan is your best choice among the school-based courses.
Zhusuan, which was widely used in Chinese life and remains a symbol of traditional Chinese culture, is a
method of performing mathematical calculations with an abacus. Abacus-based mental arithmetic can not only
promote your intelligence growth, but improve your attention span and memory. That is why I strongly recommend
Zhusuan.To do it well, you’ll have to prepare your own abacus. Besides, you may go to the school library to refer to or
borrow some books on Zhusuan.
I really hope my advice will be of some help to you.
Best,
Li Hua
【解析】
【分析】
本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生为交换生 Jim 写一封邮件给他推荐一门校本课程。
【详解】第一步：审题。
体裁：应用文
时态：根据提示，时态应为一般现在时为主。
要点：1 推荐一门校本课程：珠算。
2 推荐理由。
3 需要准备的事情
4 表达愿景的结尾。
结构布局：总分总
第一段，鉴于 Jim 擅长数学，为他推荐校本课程：珠算。
第二段，推荐理由：1 介绍珠算课程信息。
2 珠算课程有什么好处。
第三段，需要准备的事情：1 准备珠算工具：算盘；
2 提前了解一些关于珠算的介绍，如书籍，网上搜索等。
第四段，表达希望此课程对他有帮助的愿景。
第二步：列重点词语，词组（注意好词的使用）
如：consider, be adept at, mathematical calculations, except that, not only…but also…, be beneficial to, in addition,
do a favor
第三步：连词成句（注意好句型的使用如主从复合句，非谓语动词，注意拼写和时态问题）
如：1 Considering that you are adept at Maths, I strongly recommend Zhusuan for you.
2 Zhusuan, which is one of traditional Chinese cultures with long history, is a kind of performing mathematical
calculations with an abacus, a kind of ancient calculating device.
第四步：连句成篇（注意衔接词的使用）1.表文章结构顺序：First of all, Firstly/First, Secondly/Second…, Finally, In the end, At last;
2.表并列补充关系：What is more, Besides, Moreover, Furthermore, In addition, As well as, not only…but (also);
3.表转折对比关系：However, On the contrary, but, Although+clause(从句), In spite of+n/doing, On the one
hand…,On the other hand…,some…while others… ；
4.表因果关系：Because, As, So, Thus, Therefore, As a result
连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡。
第五步：润色修改。
【点睛】范文内容完整，要点齐全，语言规范，词数适当，段落分布合理，连贯性强。作者在文中使用了
主从复合句，如 Zhusuan, which was widely used in Chinese life and remains a symbol of traditional Chinese
culture, is a method of performing mathematical calculations with an abacus.这句使用了 which 引导的非限制性定
语从句，对 Zhusuan 进行修饰说明。why 引导的表语从句 That is why I strongly recommend Zhusuan.此
外，作者在文中会使用衔接词，如 not only…but also…，besides，使得文章结构更加紧凑，展现了作者较高
的英语驾驭能力。
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