2020年福建省厦门市高三5月质量检查英语试题（解析版）

2020 年厦门质检（5 月）英语试题 第二部分阅读理解(共两节，满分 40 分) 第一节(共 15 小题;每小题 2 分,满分 30 分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 ABC 和 D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 A This is What a REAL Silver Dollar Looks Like If you trust in the yen, the euro, and the dollar... stop reading. Because this is a story about the silver coin EVERYBODY wants. You read the headlines. You know that troubled economic times have put global currency on a rollercoaster ride. But millions have found a smarter way to build long-term value with high-grade collectable silver. And right now, those people are lining up to secure some of the last 2012 U. S. Mint Silver Eagles, America's Newest Silver Eagle Dollars. Today, you can graduate to the front of that line. Buy now and you can own these brilliant uncirculated Silver Dollars for only $38.95! You Can't Afford to Lose Why are we releasing this silver dollar for such a remarkable price? 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Offer Limited to 40 per household 2012 American Silver Eagle Coin Your cost 1-4 Coins $38.95 each + s/h 5-9 Coins $38.45 each + s/h 10-19 Coins $37. 95 each + s/h 20-40 Coins $37.45 each + s/h Note: $10 s/h (shipping and handling) for each purchaseFor fastest service, call toll-free 24 hours a day New York Mint 14101 1-888-201-7143 Southcross Drive W.,Dept. ASE177-04 Offer Code (代码) ASE177-04 Burnsville, Minnesota 55337 Please mention this code when you call. www. NewYorkMint. com 1. What is stressed in the ad? A. The coin can be circulated as a currency. B. Demand for the coin is bound to break records. C. The coin is of high quality and worth collecting. D. Limited supplies guarantee a stable price of the coin. 2. If you buy six 2012 U. S. Mint Silver Eagles by post, you should pay at least _______. A. $230.7 B. $233.7 C. $240.7 D. $243.7 3. The ad strongly encourages people to purchase the silver coins by ________. A. shopping online B. making a phone call C. writing to the company D. lining up in front of the stores 【答案】1. C 2. C 3. B 【解析】 【分析】 本文为新闻广告。广告从四个方面对 2012 年美国薄荷银鹰硬币进行了介绍：收藏价值、购买价格、购买的 紧迫性以及一些注意事项。 【1 题详解】 细节理解题。文章第一部分的第一段中的 But millions have found a smarter way to build long-term value with high-grade collectable silver.（成千上万的人已经发现一种更加明智的做法，就是收藏高质量的有长效价值的 银元。）和第二部分的 New York Mint is the place to find the world's finest high-grade coins. （New York Mint 是 发现世界上质量最好最高档银币的场所），说明作者想强调的是这种硬币收藏价值很高。Experts predict that 2012 Silver Eagles may break them all over again（专家预言：2012 年 Silver Eagles 可能会再次打破记录）。因 此，通读全文，在收藏价值、购买价格、购买的紧迫性三个部分里面，都分别提到了银币极好的质量及极大的收藏价值。因此选项 C.The coin is of high quality and worth collecting.（银币是高质量值得收藏的）。故选 C。 【2 题详解】 细节理解题。文章中的价格部分中的“5-9 Coins $38.45 each + s/h ”可知 5−9 枚是每个 38.45；还有下面的 Note: $10 s/h (shipping and handling) for each purchase 可知邮寄费是$10。综合可知 6×$38.45＋$10＝$240.7。 计算下来是$240.7, 故选 C 项。 【3 题详解】 细节理解题。从文章的最后一部分 For fastest service, call toll-free 24 hours a day。最快捷的方式便是打电话。 可知广告建议人们通过打电话购买。故选 B。 【点睛】细节理解题主要的答题策略有： （1）细心审题，直接看题找答案。解答此类试题时，不必通篇细看原文，而应采取“带着问题找答案” 的方法，先从问题中抓住关键性词语（题眼），然后以此为线索，运用略读以及查读的技巧快速在文章中寻 找与此问题相关的：段落、语句，仔细品味，对照比较，确定答案。 （2）语言转述型，要变通理解，从间接转述中找答案。细节理解题通常采用词语和句型转换的形式来 取代原文中的表述，如第 3 小题属于细节理解题，从文章的最后一部分 For fastest service, call toll-free 24 hours a day。最快捷的方式便是打电话。可知广告建议人们通过打电话购买。故选 B。 （3）多点归纳，综合事实找答案。细节理解题有时考查的并不是单一的信息，而是多处信息的整合。 解答此类“综合”信息细节题时，一定要全面捕捉相关信息，进行综合分析、归纳，切忌根据“一面之词” 草率地做出结论。如第 2 小题，题目问如果要买 6 块鹰洋，通过邮寄要多少钱？根据文章中的价格部分中 的“5-9 Coins $38.45 each + s/h ”可知 5−9 枚是每个 38.45；还有下面的 Note: $10 s/h (shipping and handling) for each purchase 可知邮寄费是$10。综合可知 6×$38.45＋$10＝$240.7。计算下来是$240.7, 故选 C 项。 B My violin is like a soul mate that whispers words of wisdom to me. Together, we’ve gone through both tears and happiness. About 12 years ago, I made acquaintance with it following an order from my mom. Many hours of boredom were spent practicing it. And to make things worse, the disappointment in my teacher’s eyes as I played the wrong notes was like an invisible hammer, striking on my heart. One day, I finally decided: I hate it! By chance, things changed when I was seven. I was at home lying on the sofa, wondering how those famous violinists dealt with this terrible dilemma. I searched online for the E-minor Concerto, a well-known violin work by German composer Felix Mendelssohn, and listened to it. A beautiful and mysterious sound came from the violin as the bow moved across it. It was like the music slid over the flowers, rose up, and started to fill the air. The violin’s voice woke up the sun, made the trees green, and freshened the air. As the music changed, the sky turned back to gray. A gloomy shade covered the grass as all the sunshine disappeared. I could hear children crying and men shouting. It was like an invisible claw had grabbed my heart tightly, making it unable to beat. That glorious day set off my passion and interest in violin — I grabbed mine and never let it go. Before the memories faded, I stared at my instrument. Without hesitating, I picked it up, rosined(用松香擦) the bow, and began to play. Peace filled my heart. My violin has been by my side for 12 years. When I feel happy, an energetic tune makes it even better; when I’m deep in sorrow, a peaceful tune washes it away, when I’m walking on air, feeling especially pleased with my achievements, solemn(庄严的) tunes calm me down. Gradually, it has become a part of my life. My violin, shall I compare you to a summer’s day? 4. What further contributed to the author’s dislike of violin-playing? A. Orders from mum. B. Boredom of practice. C. Loss of passion for violin. D. Disappointment in the teacher’s eyes. 5. What can be inferred from Paragraph 4? A. The author’s feeling was continuously influenced by the music. B. The weather actually changed because of the tune. C. The sudden change made the author’s heart unable to beat. D. The scenery outside the room was quite attractive. 6. Why did the author pick up the violin again? A. The invisible hammer and claw are gone. B. The beautiful imagination changed his attitude. C. A famous tune aroused his interest and passion. D. He was crazy about Felix Mendelssohn’s works. 7. Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A. Deep love for music B. My dislike and like of violin C. An inspiring story of violin D. Musical soul mate—violin 【答案】4. D 5. A 6. C 7. D 【解析】 【分析】 本文是一篇记叙文，作者讲述了自己小时候被妈妈要求学小提琴，后来由于无聊和失望而放弃，无意中因为一首名曲又有了学习的热情，一直坚持了 12 年到现在，小提琴已经成了生活的一部分，成了我的灵魂伴 侣。 【4 题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中的 And to make things worse, the disappointment in my teacher’s eyes as I played the wrong notes was like an invisible(隐形的) hammer, striking on my heart.可知，当作者演奏错误时老师失望的眼神 加剧了作者对小提琴的不喜欢，故选 D。 【5 题详解】 推理判断题。通过第四段中的 It was like the music slid over the flowers, rose up, and started to fill the air. The violin’s voice woke up the sun, made the trees green, and freshened the air. As the music changed, the sky turned back to gray.可知，这些对优美琴声的描写，表现了琴声对人心情的影响，人的心情会随着音乐而变化。故 选 A。 【6 题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段中的 I searched online for the E-minor Concerto, a well-known violin work by German composer Felix Mendelssohn, and listened to it.和第五段中的 That glorious day set off my passion and interest in violin - I grabbed mine and never let it go.可知，Felix Mendelssohn 的 E-minor Concerto 这首曲子让作者对小提 琴又有了兴趣和热情，故选 C。 【7 题详解】 主旨大意题。文中作者讲述了自己小时候被妈妈要求学小提琴，后来由于无聊和失望而放弃，无意中因为 一首名曲又有了学习的热情，一直坚持了 12 年到现在，小提琴已经成为了生活的一部分，成了灵魂伴侣。 Musical soul mate—violin 概括了全文意思，又能吸引读者，适合作为标题。故选 D。 【点睛】主旨大意题的做题技巧。 1) 主旨大意题属于归纳概括题。如有标题，标题中蕴含的信息往往是关键信息。 2) 找准文章的主题句是关键。“主题句定位法”是一种行之有效的方法。在答题时，我们可以：读首句抓 大意；读尾句抓大意；读首尾段抓大意。 3.) 无明显主题句时高频信息词，任一篇文章都是围绕某个主题展开的，因此，有的文章中最明显的特点之 一是有一个反复出现的中心词，即高频词，也叫做主题词。抓住了它，便容易抓住文章的中心。 比如小题 4，文中作者讲述了自己小时候被妈妈要求学小提琴，后来由于无聊和失望而放弃，无意中因为一 首名曲又有了学习的热情，一直坚持了 12 年到现在，小提琴已经成为了生活的一部分，成了灵魂伴侣。 Musical soul mate—violin 概括了全文意思，又能吸引读者，适合作为标题。故选 D。 C When you think of a national park, you generally picture fresh air and wild animals, right? Well, now you're going to have to add tea shops and something called "the Tube" to your definition, because London, England has signed up to be the first "National Park City." London was established by the Romans around 2.000 years ago and has been continually inhabited (居住于) since then. In all that time, however, nobody had the idea to replace all the parks with big box stores or high buildings, which means London already has a much lower urban density (密度)than most of the worlds cities. Nowadays about a third of the city is green space, In July 2019, London announced its willingness to become the world's first National Park City. Now the city is moving toward the goal of achieving 50% green space by the year 2050 by connecting and expanding public parks, greening up unused parking lots and the private yards of existing and new houses, fixing some green roofs on existing buildings and even cutting holes in fences for wildlife to pass through. "Inspired by the aims and values of our precious rural national parks, the London National Park City is basically about making life better in the capital through both small everyday things and long-term strategic thinking." Daniel Raven-Ellison, who began the campaign to make London a National Park City six years ago said in a press release. "We’ ve been doing that in London for centuries, which is why London is so green and diverse.” London will have a much easier job achieving this type of green transformation than more densely-urbanized cities like Paris and New York, which have 10% and 27% greenspace respectively. But that doesn't mean it's not possible--- the National Park City Foundation hopes to employ 25 more cities in addition to London by the year 2025. Glasgow. Scotland and Newcastle upon Tyne in northeast England are both currently considering becoming National Park Cities. 8. What makes London more likely to become a national park city than other cities? A. Its smaller population. B. Its less dense urbanization. C. Its citizens' great support. D. The government's efforts. 9. Where can we find the data on London's measures to achieve its goal? A. In Paragraph 1. B. In Paragraph 2. C. In Paragraph 3. D. In Paragraph 4. 10. What is Daniel Raven-Ellison trying to talk about in the fourth paragraph? A. The significance of London's campaign. B. The effects of national parks on London. C. The resources of London's green space. D. The strategic thinking of London for long. 11. What can we infer from the last paragraph?A. Trying to be a national park city is turning new trend. B. National park cities are springing up around the world. C. It is so easy for London to become a national park city. D. National park cities are making improvements to our life. 【答案】8. B 9. C 10. A 11. A 【解析】 本文为新闻报道。文章主要介绍了伦敦致力于建成国家级 公园城市，努力创造更加湛蓝清洁的天空，国 家公园城市的创建已成为一种新的趋势。 【8 题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“which means London already has a much lower urban density (密度)than most of the worlds cities” 这意味着伦敦的城市化密度已经远远低于世界上大多数城市。可知。伦敦与世界上的其他城市 相比是城市化密度比较低的城市。故选 B。 【9 题详解】 推理判断题。第三段“Now the city is moving toward the goal of achieving 50% green space by the year 2050 by connecting and expanding public parks” 现在，该市正朝着到 2050 年通过连接和扩展公共公园实现 50%绿地 率的目标迈进。可知，第三段提到了伦敦为了实现到 2050 年达到 50%是绿色空间这一目标而努力，接着后 面是具体的措施。由此可知在第三段能找到伦敦为实现其目标而采取的措施的数据，故选 C。 【10 题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段中的 the London National Park City is basically about making life better in the capital 伦 敦国家公园城基本上是为了改善首都的生活。以及最后一句.. which is why London is so green and diverse 这就 是为什么伦敦是如此的绿色和多样化。由此可知伦敦正在把城市变得更美丽，更多样化，环境更清新，这 是伦敦行动产生的影响，故选 A。 【11 题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段…the National Park City Foundation hopes to employ 25 more cities in addition to London by the year 2025. ……国家公园城市基金会希望到 2025 年，除了伦敦之外，还能再运用于 25 个城市。 由此可推断出，许多城市都在努力争取成为国家公园城市，这已变成了一种趋势。可知选 A。 D The okapi is a mammal living above the equator in one of the most biodiverse areas in central Africa. The animal was unknown to the western world until the beginning of the 20th century, and is often described as half-zebra, half-giraffe, as if it were a mixed-breed creature from a Greek legend. Yes its image is prevalent in the Democratic Republic of Congo-the only country in the world where it is found living in the world. The okapi is to Congo what the 的giant panda is to China or the kangaroo to Australia. Although the okapi has striped markings resembling those of zebras’, it is most closely related to the giraffe. It has a long neck, and large, flexible ears. The face and throat are greyish white. The coat is a chocolate to reddish brown, much in contrast with the white horizontal stripes and rings on the legs and white ankles. Overall, the okapi can be easily distinguished form its nearest relative. It is much smaller (about the size of a horse) and shares more external similarities with the deer than with the giraffe. While both sexes possess horns in the giraffe, only males bear horns in the okapi. The West got its first whiff of the okapi in 1890 when Welsh Journalist Henry Morton Stanley had puzzled over a strange “African donkey” in his book. Other Europeans in Africa had also heard of an animal that they came to call the “African unicorn.” Explorers may have seen the fleeting view of the striped backside as the animal fled through the bushes, leading to speculation that the okapi was some sort of rainforest zebra. Some even believed that the okapi was a new species of zebra. It was only later, when okapi skeleton was analyzed, that naturalists realized they had a giraffe on their hands. In 1987, the Okapi Wildlife Reserve was established in eastern Congo to protect this rare mammal. But decades of political turbulence has seen much of the Congo’s natural resources spin out of the government’s control, and okapi numbers have fallen by 50 percent since 1995. Today, only 10,000 remain. 12. Which of the following is a picture of an okapi? A. B. C. D. 13. Which of the following descriptions is true about the okapi? A. It is an important symbol of Congo. B. It has been well protected since 1987. C. It is a mystical creature from a Greek legend D. It is more closely related to the zebra than the giraffe. 14. What does the underlined word“whiff”most likely mean in Paragraph 3? A. Firm belief. B. Kind intention. C. Strong dislike. D. Slight trace.15. What can be inferred about Henry Morton Stanley? A. He was the first Europeans to analyze okapi skeleton. B. He had found many new species of animals in Africa. C. He did not know the“African donkey"in his book was the okapi. D. He had seen the backside of an okapi dashing through the bushes. 【答案】12. B 13. A 14. D 15. C 【解析】 【分析】 本文为说明文。文章介绍了生活在赤道以上的哺乳动物--- okapi，这种动物直到 20 世纪初才为西方世界所 知，通常被描述为半斑马半长颈鹿，仿佛它是希腊传说中的混血动物。1987 年，在刚果东部建立了 Okapi 野生动物保护区，来保护这种稀有的哺乳动物。现在 okapi 成为刚果的重要象征。 【12 题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“the okapi has striped markings resembling those of zebras’, it is most closely related to the giraffe. It has a long neck, and large, flexible ears. The face and throat are greyish white. The coat is a chocolate to reddish brown, much in contrast with the white horizontal stripes and rings on the legs and white ankles. Overall, the okapi can be easily distinguished form its nearest relative. It is much smaller (about the size of a horse) and shares more external similarities with the deer than with the giraffe.” okapiOkapi 有类似斑马的条纹，但它与长颈鹿的关 系最为密切。它的脖子很长，耳朵又大又灵活。脸和喉咙是灰白色的。皮毛是巧克力色到红棕色，与白色 的水平条纹和腿上的环以及白色的脚踝形成了鲜明的对比。总的来说，okapi 可以很容易地把它从近亲中分 辨出来。它比长颈鹿小得多（大约马的大小），与鹿有更多的外部相似性。分析四副图片可知 B 项符合题意， 故选 B。 【13 题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“The okapi is to Congo what the giant panda is to China or the kangaroo to Australia.” Okapi 对刚果，就像大熊猫对中国或袋鼠对澳大利亚。根据常识可知，大熊猫是中国的象征，袋鼠是澳大利 亚的象征。因此可推断出 Okapi 是刚果的重要象征。故选 A。 【14 题详解】 词义猜测题。根据划线词后的“…when Welsh Journalist Henry Morton Stanley had puzzled over a strange “African donkey” in his book... Other Europeans in Africa had also heard of an animal that they came to call the “African unicorn.” 当威尔士记者亨利·莫顿·斯坦利在他的书中对一头奇怪的“非洲驴”感到困惑。欧洲人 也听说过一种他们称之为“非洲独角兽”的动物。由此可推断出西方在 1890 年是第一次发现了这种动物的 一点踪迹。分析选项 A. Firm belief 坚定的信仰； B. Kind intention 善意；C. Strong dislike 非常不喜欢；D. Slight trace 一点踪迹。由此可知 D 项符合题意，故选 D。 【15 题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段的第一句 The West got its first whiff of the okapi in 1890 when Welsh Journalist Henry Morton Stanley had puzzled over a strange “African donkey” in his book. 1890 年，当威尔士记者 Henry Morton Stanley 在他的书中把 okapi 看作是一头奇怪的“非洲驴”而感到困惑，由此可知，Henry 不知道书中的“非 洲驴”是 okapi，故选 C。 【点睛】 推理判断试题属于高层次阅读理解题。这种题型包括判断题和推理题。这两类题常常相互依存， 推理是为了得出正确的判断，正确的判断又依赖于合乎逻辑的推理。如第 4 小题属于推理判断题。根据第 三段的第一句 The West got its first whiff of the okapi in 1890 when Welsh Journalist Henry Morton Stanley had puzzled over a strange “African donkey” in his book. 1890 年，当威尔士记者 Henry Morton Stanley 在他的书 中把 okapi 看作是一头奇怪的“非洲驴”而感到困惑，由此可知，Henry 不知道书中的“非洲驴”是 okapi 故选 C。 根据事实细节，推断合理信息。推理题要求在理解原文表面文字信息的基础上，做出一定判断和推论， 从而得到文章的隐含意义和深层意义。推理题所涉及的内容可能是文中某一句话，也可是某几句话，但做 题的指导思想都是以文字信息为依据，既不能做出在原文中找不到文字根据的推理，也不能根据表面文字 信息做多步推理。也就是说，要做到判断有据, 推论有理, 忠实原文。切忌用自己的观点代替作者的本意， 切忌片面思考，得出片面结论。 第二节(共 5 小题，每小题 2 分，满分 10 分) 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填人空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。 Why are some people successful and others aren't? What's the secret of success?___16___ Many of Gladwell's ideas appear in his social psychology bestsellr Outliers.___17___Gladwell thinks that this is just an excuse for not trying...and if you really want to be good at something. you have to work at it.“Practice isn’t the thing you do once you re good." Gladwell writes.“It's the thing you do that makes you good." Central to the book is the“10.000-hour rule". It means that if you want to be among the best in the world, you need to practise something for 10.000 hours.___18___For example, the Beatles played live in Hamburg more than 1.200 times between 1960 and 1964. which is more than 10,000 hours of playing time. And when Microsoft chairman Bill Gates was 13, he was given access to a high school computer (one of the few available in the country) allowing him to practise computer programming for more than (Yes, you guessed it) 10, 000 hours. The interesting thing is that success has nothing to do with intelligence.___19___He's got an IQ of between 195 and 210 (Albert Einstein's IQ was estimated to have been between 160 and 180). As a boy at school, Langan was able to take an exam in a foreign language he d never studied and pass it after just skim-reading a text book for three minutes. However, Langan never graduated from university and worked in labour-intensive jobs his whole life. This proves that intelligence alone will not lead to success- you need hard work, support, finance and opportunities. Gladwell adds,“No one 一 not rock stars, not professional athletes, not software billionaires, and not even geniuses 一 ever makes it alone." ___20___Even after you've put in your 10.000 hours of practice, you still need one other key ingredient - - luck. So, you could be the most amazing guitarist in the world. but unless you re lucky enough to play in front of a record company executive who sees a way of exploiting that talent, you aren't going to be seeing your name in lights. A. It isn't just a question of time and support. B. Author Malcolm Gladwell thinks he knows. C. That's equal to three hours a day for 10 years. D. Of course, many people argue that you can create your own“'luck". E. The popular view is that some of us are born talented and others aren't. F. Take the example of Christopher Langan, who's mentioned in the book. G. Someone who's willing to practise something for 10.000 hours is probably active. 【答案】16. B 17. E 18. C 19. F 20. A 【解析】 本文为说明文。文章主要分析了成功的秘诀。成功与智力无关，成功与你练习的时间有关，除此之外还需 要有好的运气。 【16 题详解】 考查对上下文的理解及推理判断能力。本小题在文章中起承上启下的作用。上文说“Why are some people successful and others aren't? What's the secret of success?（为什么有些人成功而有些人不成功？成功的秘诀是 什 么 ？ ） ” 。 而 下 一 段 “Many of Gladwell's ideas appear in his social psychology best seller Outliers.___2___Gladwell thinks that this is just an excuse for not trying.”可知，下文是 Gladwell 的许多关于成功 的观点，因此可推断出作家 Gladwell 知道为什么有人成功，以及成功的秘诀是什么。分析选项可知 B 项 （Author Malcolm Gladwell thinks he knows）符合题意，故选 B。 【17 题详解】 考查对上下文的理解及推理判断能力。空格后“格拉德威尔认为，这只是一个不去尝试的借口……如果你真 的想擅长某件事的话。你必须努力做到这一点。”可知，有人认为有天赋才能成功，认为自己没有才赋，就 有了不努力的借口。分析选项可知，此处是指一种流行的观点即我们有些人天生就有天赋，而另一些人却 没有。分析选项可知 E 项符合题意，故选 E。 【18 题详解】考查对上下文的理解及推理判断能力。根据上句 It means that if you want to be among the best in the world, you need to practise something for 10.000 hours”这意味着如果你想成为世界上最好的，你需要练习 10000 个小时。 计算可知，10000 个小时相当于 10 年中每天花 3 个小时。分析选项可知 C 项 That's equal to three hours a day for 10 years（相当于 10 年来每天 3 小时）符合题意，故选 C。 【19 题详解】 考查对上下文的理解及推理判断能力。空格所在的一段与 Christopher Langan 有关。分析选项可知，F 项 Take the example of Christopher Langan, who's mentioned in the book（以书中提到的克里斯托弗·兰根为例）正是 叙述的 Christopher Langan，因此 F 项与本段意义一致，故选 F。 【20 题详解】 考查对上下文的理解及推理判断能力。根据空格后的“Even after you've put in your 10.000 hours of practice, you still need one other key ingredient - - luck.” 即使你花了 10000 个小时练习，你仍然需要另一个关键因素——运 气。可知，成功不仅仅与时间有关，还需要运气。分析选项可知可知，A 项 It isn't just a question of time and support.（这不仅仅是时间和支持的问题）符合题意，故选 A。 第三部分英语知识运用 (共两节，满分 45 分) 第一节完形填空(共 20 小题; 每小题 1.5 分，满分 30 分) 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C 和 D)中，选出可以填入空白处的最 佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 Lehrner always wanted to design roller coasters. Even as a(n)___21___, though, she knew that there had to be more to it than just hopping on board. “I started___22___how I would prepare, ”she says. She looked to science and math and___23___advanced classes in algebra and geometry in middle school and high school. Then she took even more___24___math and a high-level physics course. She also___25___theme parks as often as she could and researched the___26___of those coasters online. When it came time for___27___, she went to the Colorado School of Mines in Golden,where she___28___a bachelor's degree in mechanical engineering. Now Lehrner works with amusement parks to design and___29___new coasters. These new coasters they design are____30____made of wood, except for a metal____31____on which the cars run. The basic design has been around for more than a century. Still, Lehrner notes each new one is different. “ A lot of the same____32____and concepts are used when I design new coasters. But they ____33____with the terrain（地势) and design. That tells us what the limits will be- -how tight the bends and how____34____the hills are. ” Some parks____35____their coasters to be as scary as possible. That means big____36____and quick turns and lots of inversions. Lehrner is____37____at making twisted wood coasters. The coasters she ____38____make you feel as if you're going____39____than you really are, because the tracks are lower to the ground. “We also try to build rides that are fun for the whole____40____一 children as well as their parents, ”she said. 21. A. kid B. genius C. teacher D. inventor 22. A. going over B. thinking about C. writing down D. dreaming of 23. A. brought B. researched C. gave D. took 24. A. classical B. ancient C. advanced D. practical 25. A. created B. visited C. managed D. sponsored 26. A. makers B. parks C. themes D. players 27. A. vacation B. college C. graduation D. decision 28. A. missed B. bought C. got D. refused 29. A. discover B. learn C. purchase D. build 30. A. carefully B. completely C. largely D. possibly 31. A. track B. frame C. fence D. cover 32. A. metals B. plans C. colors D. components 33. A. agree B. change C. compare D. deal 34. A. beautiful B. dangerous C. high D. much 35. A. imagine B. consider C. hate D. want 36. A. steps B. seats C. drops D. carriages 37. A. expert B. amazed C. pleased D. excited 38. A. rides B. enjoys C. studies D. designs 39. A. faster B. slower C. farther D. crazier 40. A. place B. family C. world D. society 【答案】21. A 22. B 23. D 24. C 25. B 26. A 27. B 28. C 29. D 30. C 31. A 32. D 33. B 34. C 35. D 36. C 37. A 38. D 39. A 40. B 【解析】 本文为记叙文。Lehrer 从小就想设计过山车，于是她努力学习数学物理等，现在她为多家游乐场设计、建 造木质过山车。 【21 题详解】 考查名词辨析。句意：Lehrer 一直想设计过山车。尽管她还是个孩子的时候，知道除了跳上车外，还有更 多的事情要做。A. kid 孩子；B. genius 天才；C. teacher 教师；D. inventor 发明家。根据下文可知，Lehrer 从 小(kid)就设计过山车，故选 A。【22 题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：我开始考虑如何准备。A. going over 复习；B. thinking about 思考；C. writing down 写下；D. dreaming of 梦想。根据下文中的“she looked to science and math...”可知，为了将来能设计过山车， 她很关注科学和数学。说明她从小就开始考虑（thinking about）如何为设计过山车做准备。故选 B。 【23 题详解】 考查动词辨析。句意：她关注科学和数学，在中学和高中上代数和几何的高级课程。A. brought 带来；B. researched 研究；C. gave 给；D. took 带走。“take classes”为固定搭配，意为“上课”，故选D。 【24 题详解】 考查形容词辨析。句意：后来她又参加了更高级的数学和更高水平的物理课程。A. classical 古典的；B. ancient 古老的；C. advanced 高级的；D. practical 实用的。上文“advanced classes”以及“even more”表达的语气， 此处指更高级的(advanced)数学，故选 C。 【25 题详解】 考查动词辨析。句意：她还尽可能多地去光顾主题公园，并在网上调查这些过山车的制造商。A. created 创 造；B. visited 参观，光顾；C. managed 经营；D. sponsored 赞助。根据常识可判断，为了研究过山车，她经 常光顾（visit）主题公园。故选 B。 【26 题详解】 考查名词辨析。句意：她还尽可能多地去光顾主题公园，并在网上搜索了那些过山车的制造商。A. makers 制造者；B. parks 公园；C. themes 主题；D. players 玩家。她想设计过山车，尽可能地光顾主题公园，所以 在网上搜索的自然就是过山车的制造者（makers），故选 A。 【27 题详解】 考查名词辨析。句意：到了上大学时，她去了位于黄金地段的科罗拉多矿业学院，在那里获得了机械工程 学士学位。A. vacation 假期；B. college 大学；C. graduation 毕业；D. decision 决定。根据后面的“a bachelor's degree in mechanical engineering.”机械工程学士学位可知，到了上大学（college）时，去了科罗拉多矿业学院。 故选 B。 【28 题详解】 考查动词辨析。句意：到了上大学时，她去了位于黄金地段的科罗拉多矿业学院，在那里获得了机械工程 学士学位。A. missed 错过；B. bought 买；C. got 得到；D. refused 拒绝。根据前面的说她上了大学，可知， 她在那儿获得（get）了学位。故选 C。 【29 题详解】 考查动词辨析。句意：现在，Lehrer 与游乐园合作，设计和建造新的过山车。A. discover 发现；B. learn 学 习；C. purchase 购买；D. build 建立。根据上下文的语境可知，此处是指 Lehrer 与游乐园合作，设计和建造（build）新的过山车。故选 D。 【30 题详解】 考查副词辨析。句意：他们设计的这些新过山车大部分是由木头制成的，除了一个用于汽车运行的金属轨 道。A. carefully 仔细地，小心地；B. completely 彻底地；C. largely 主要地；D. possibly 可能地。根据后面的 “except for...”可知，此处指这些新型过山车大部分（largely）是用木头做的，除了金属轨道，故选 C。 【31 题详解】 考查名词辨析。句意：他们设计的这些新过山车大部分是由木头制成的，除了一个用于过山车运行的金属 轨道。A. track 机架；B. frame 构架；C. fence 栅栏；D. cover 盖子。由下文 the cars run 可知，此处是指金属 制造的轨道（track）。故选 A。 【32 题详解】 考查名词辨析。句意：当我设计新的过山车时，使用了很多相同的组件和概念。A. metals 金属；B. plans 计 划；C. colors 颜色；D. components 部件。根据后文“But they with the terrain and design”可知，此处不是指颜 色和计划。故 B 和 C 不符合，根据前文可知，Lehrer 设计的过山车大部分为木质的，所以排除 A。故选 D。 【33 题详解】 考查动词辨析。句意：我们使用了很多相同的部件和概念。但随着地形和设计的变化而变化。A. agree 同意； B. change 变化，改变；C. compare 比较；D. deal 交易。根据转折连词 But 可知，前面说“我们使用了很多相 同的部件和概念。”，那么后面的“with the terrain（地势) and design”可知，但它们随着地形和设计而变化 （change）,故选 B。 【34 题详解】 考查形容词辨析。句意：这就告诉了我们极限是什么——弯道有多紧，山有多高。A. beautiful 美丽的；B. dangerous 危险的；C. high 高的；D. much 多的。地势的不同让我们知道过山车的弯应有多急，那么可推断 出让我们知道陡坡应有多高（high）。故选 C。 【35 题详解】 考查动词辨析。句意：有些公园想要他们的过山车越恐怖越好。A. imagine 想象；B. consider 考虑；C. hate 痛恨；D. want 想要。根据后面的“quick turns and lots of inversions. …making twisted wood coasters.”让过山车 快速转弯，大量的倒转，扭曲的过山车，可知，此处指有些公园想要（want）他们的过山车越恐怖越好。 故选 D。 【36 题详解】 考查名词辨析。句意：这意味着巨大的下降幅度，快速的转弯和大量的倒转。A. steps 台阶；B. seats 座位； C. drops 放下；D. carriages 车厢。根据常识可知，过山车要想刺激，降幅要大，转弯要快，倒悬要多。“big drops”意为“大的降幅”，故选C。【37 题详解】 考查固定搭配及名词辨析。句意：Lehrer 擅长制作曲折的木过山车。A. expert 专家；B. amazed 惊奇的；C. pleased 高兴的；D. excited 激动的。“be expert at…”为固定搭配，意为“擅长……，精通……”，根据上下文的 内容可知，Lehrer 擅长制作曲折的木过山车。故选 A。 【38 题详解】 考查动词辨析。句意：她设计的过山车会让你觉得自己比实际走得快，因为轨道离地面较低。A. rides 乘坐； B. enjoys 享受；C. studies 学习；D. designs 设计。根据上下文的语境可知，此处是指她设计（designs）的过 山车，故选 D。 【39 题详解】 考查形容词辨析。句意：她设计的过山车会让你觉得自己比实际走得快，因为轨道离地面较低。A. faster 更 快的；B. slower 更慢的；C. farther 更远的；D. crazier 更疯狂的。根据本段第一句“some parks want their coasters to be as scary as possible”可知，既然一些公园希望过山车尽量刺激，那公园设计的过山车应该让乘坐人员感 到比实际要快（faster），故选 A。 【40 题详解】 考查名词辨析。句意：我们还尝试建造对整个家庭——孩子和他们的父母一家都很有趣的游乐设施。A. place 地方；B. family 家庭；C. world 世界；D. society 社会。根据“children as well as their parents”可知，此处是 指全家（family）。故选 B。 第 II 卷 第三部分英语知识运用 (共两节，满分 45 分) 第二节 (共 10 小题;每小题 1.5 分，满分 15 分) 阅读下面材料，在空白处填人 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 I haven't seen Mr Jenkins since I left school but I often think about him. I wasn't very good ___41___most school subjects before I met Mr Jenkins. I suppose I was a bit lazy, especially in maths. The only thing I can remember from school maths is___42___the angles of a triangle add up to 180 degrees! But when I was 15 and went into Mr Jenkins' class, I really became___43___(interest) in a subject for the first time. Before Mr Jenkins taught me, science had___44___(simple) been a subject full of strange words to me. I had no idea what hydrogen was, and I didn't really want to know, either I found it all so___45___(bore) and difficult. But Mr Jenkins made everything interesting. He used to explain things which seemed difficult with lots of practical___46___(example) and in simple language. One day, he took us outside and we___47___(build) a rocket! I remember that he let me pour some fuel into the rocket, and then another student lit___48___match to set it off. It was ,great fun. I know that I wasn’t a___49___(will) student, but I wasn't slow to learn new things, The problems was that I lacked___50___(confident) confident in myself. Mr. Jenkins made me feel that I had my own strengths. 【答案】41. at 42. that 43. interested 44. simply 45. boring 46. examples 47. built 48. a 49. willing 50. confidence 【解析】 本文为记叙文。作者小时是一个不乐意学习的人，尤其不喜欢数学。但是遇到了詹金斯先生的课后，让他 找回自信，第一次真正对数学学科感兴趣。 【41 题详解】 考查固定搭配。句意：在遇到詹金斯先生之前，我在学校的大部分科目都不是很好。“be good at…”为固定 搭配，意为“擅长……，在……方面做的好” 。因此本空填 at。 【42 题详解】 考查表语从句。句意：我在学校数学课上唯一记得的就是三角形的角加起来等于 180 度。系动词 is 后是一 个表语从句。分析句子可知，表语从句中句意完整，只缺少连词，此时表语从句要用关系词 that，故填 that。 【43 题详解】 考查固定搭配。句意：但当我 15 岁上詹金斯先生的课时，我第一次真正对一门学科感兴趣。”become interested in…”为固定搭配，意为“开始对……感兴趣”。故填 interested。 【44 题详解】 考查副词辨析。句意：在詹金斯先生教我之前，科学对我来说只是一门充满陌生词汇的学科。空格处在句 中作状语，修饰整个句子，此时要用副词形式，故填 simply。 【45 题详解】 考查形容词做宾补。句意：我不知道氢是什么，我也不想知道，或者我觉得这一切都很无聊又困难 。分析 句子可知，空格处在句作动词宾语 it 的补语，即做某事是“无聊的”，修饰物时要用动词的 ing 形式，故填 boring。 【46 题详解】 考查名词复数。句意：他过去常常用简单的语言和大量的实例来解释一些看似困难的事情。空格前有“lots of ”修饰，可知要用复数形式，故填 examples。 【47 题详解】 考查谓语动词。句意：有一天，他带我们出去，我们造了一个火箭！根据时间状语“one day”可知，指的过 去发生的事要用一般过去时，故填 built。 【48 题详解】 考查不定冠词。句意：我记得他让我往火箭里倒了些燃料，然后另一个学生点了一根火柴发射了它。分析 句子可知，此处是指点了一根火柴，表示数量“一”，故填 a。 【49 题详解】 考查形容词做定语。句意：我知道我不是一个乐于学习的学生，但我学习新事物的速度并不慢，问题是我 对自己缺乏自信。空格处修饰名词，要用形容词。根据转折连词 but，可知，前一句作者说自己不是一个“愿 意学习的人”，“willing”意为“愿意的，乐意的”，故填 willing。 【50 题详解】 考查名词。句意：我知道我不是一个乐于学习的学生，但我学习新事物的速度并不慢，问题是我对自己缺 乏自信。 分析句子可知，空格处在句中做动词 lacked 的宾语，要用名词形式，故填 confidence。 第四部分写作 (共两节满分 35 分) 第一节短文改错(共 10 小题，每小题 1 分，满分 10 分) 51.假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有 10 处语言错误， 每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。 增加:在缺词处加一个符号(^),并在下面写出该加的词。 删除:把多余的词用斜线( \)划掉。 修改:在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。 注意: 1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词; 2.只允许修改 10 处，多者(从第 11 处起)不计分。 Keeping hands clean is one of the most basic ways of prevent illness. Yesterday, I teach my three-year-old sister how to wash hands proper. Firstly, I asked her to wet her hand under running water and apply soap to them. Before, she rubbed hands well with soap for at least twenty seconds, I told to her to wash off all of the soap. Lastly, I gave him a clean towel to dry her hands. She very glad and showed me her clean hands. Looked at her smiling face, I felt such happy that I gave her a new storybook. 【答案】第一处 prevent→preventing 或者 of→to 第二处 teach→taught 第三处 proper→properly第四处 hand→hands 第五处 Before→After 第六处 told to her 中的 to 去掉 第七处 him→her 第八处 She 和 very 中间加 was 第九处 Looked→Looking 第十处 such→so 【解析】 【分析】 本文记叙文。文章叙述了作者教三岁的妹妹如何洗手。 【详解】1.考查固定用法。句意：保持双手清洁是预防疾病最基本的方法之一。为固定搭配，意为 “做…… 的方法”有两种搭配形式，即“a way of doing …”或“a way to do…”。故可把 prevent 改为 preventing 或者 of 改 为 to。 2. 考查动词的时态。句意：昨天，我教我三岁的妹妹如何正确洗手。根据时间状语“yesterday”可知，本句要 用一般过去时，故把 teach 改为 taught。 3. 考查副词做状语。句意：昨天，我教我三岁的妹妹如何正确洗手。句中的 wash hand 为动词短语，修饰动 词短语要用副词，故把 proper 改为 properly。 4.考查名词的复数。句意：我让她在流动的水下把手打湿，然后涂上肥皂。每人都有一双手，要用复数形式， 故把 hand 改为 hands。 5.考查语境及连词。句意：之后，她用肥皂搓了至少二十秒钟 手。根据前后的语境可知，此处是指用水打 湿后之后，再用肥皂搓手，而不是之前，故把 Before 改为 After。 6.考查固定用法。句意：我告诉她把所有的肥皂都洗掉。“tell sb. sth.”为固定搭配，意为“告诉某人某事”，told 后的 to 多余的，故把 told to her 中的 to 去掉。 7.考查人称代词 一致性。句意：我告诉她把所有的肥皂都洗掉。文中是作者教妹妹洗手，妹妹是女的，故 要用 her，而不是 him。故把 him 改为 her。 8.考查系表结构。句意：她很高兴，给我看了她干净的手。本句中用连词 and 连接两个句子，前面的句子是 系表结构，因此 she 和表语 very glad 中间缺少了系动词 be。根据语境文章叙述的是过去的事，要用一般过 去时，用 was。故在 She 和 very 中间加 was。 9.考查非谓语。句意：看着她的笑脸，我感到很高兴，我给了她一本新的故事书。分析句子可知，looked at her smiling face 与后面的句子之间没有连词，要用非谓语。分析可知，looked at her smiling face 在句中作状 语。Look 与逻辑主语 I 二者是主动关系，要用动词的 ing 形式，故把 Looked 改为 Looking。 的 的10.考查固定搭配。句意：看着她的笑脸，我感到很高兴，我给了她一本新的故事书。so+形容词 +that 从句， 而 such 修饰名词。句中 happy 是形容词，要用副词 so 修饰，而不能用 such，故把 such 改为 so。