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专题 05 阅读理解之议论文
（2020 届河南省名校联盟高三联考）
They say that ''a picture is worth a thousand words'', but the briefest look at books and the movies based on
them would have anyone questioning this common saying. All too often, great words end up being turned into
cinematic ''turkeys''.
Good movies need good stories. If so, why has one of the earliest and greatest works in Western storytelling,
Homer's The Odyssey, never had an equally great movie based on it? Movies need strong characters. So why have
the movies based on The Great Gatsby never been praised as ''great''? Movies of course need impressive images, so
why has Alice in Wonderland only resulted in movies best described as ''interesting''?
One of the key reasons behind this is that while a book usually takes a few days to read, a movie typically lasts
under two hours. This means that great books can lose plot details and characters when they move to the big screen.
This is something that even the highly successful Harry Potter movies can't escape from, with fans of the books
disappointed not to see some of their favorite characters in the movie versions.
Movies also disappoint us when things don't look the way we imagined them in the books. Take, for example,
the epic movie Troy, which is in part based on Homer's The Iliad and was met with mixed reviews from the
audience. The most questionable issue was the actress chosen to play the part of Helen. Many people thought she
didn't live up to Helen's title of ''the most beautiful woman in the world'', influencing opinions of the movie to some
extent.
There are a thousand Hamlets in a thousand people's eyes. Furthermore, books and movies are two different
forms of media and therefore have different rules. With this in mind, perhaps we should judge a movie in its own
right, and not against its original source. Interestingly, audiences have in recent years turned to television series
such as Sherlock or Mad Men, which can have many characters and gradual plot development. Perhaps, one day,
readers of F. Scott Fitzgerald's most admired work will find themselves glued to their screens by episodes of The
Great Gatsby.
12．Which of the following statements about the movie adaptation is true?
A．The characters in The Odyssey do not stand out.
B．The movie Troy doesn't look the way we visualized while reading the book.
C．The visual images are not as striking as the descriptions in the book The Great Gatsby.
D．Some parts of the story and characters are missing in the movie Alice in Wonderland. 2 / 23
13．One of the reasons why adaptations disappoint the audience is that ________.
A．they lack good storytelling
B．the images are not impressive enough
C．the characters in the movies are not strong and interesting
D．there is not enough time for movies to fully present the whole story
14．What does the underlined sentence in the last paragraph mean?
A．Every shoe fits not every foot.
B．Birds of a feather flock together.
C．Reading is a matter of personal taste.
D．Different people have different ideas about the books and movies.
15．What does the text mainly talk about?
A．People are dissatisfied with the current movies.
B．Reading books is better than watching movies.
C．Good books may not be adapted for great movies.
D．People are expressing their preference to reading books.
【答案】
12．B
13．D
14．D
15．C
【解析】本文是一篇议论文。主要通过由小说改编而来的电影没能被大家认可这个话题，从而来讨论
小说和改编电影的关系。
12．细节理解题。根据第四段的 Movies also disappoint us when things don't look the way we imagined them
in the books. Take, for example, the epic movie Troy(当故事不像我们读书时想象的那样时，电影总是让我们失
望，以电影史诗《特洛伊》为例)可知，史诗电影《特洛伊》拍摄出来时，不像我们在阅读时想象的那样。
B. The movie Troy doesn't look the way we visualized while reading the book.(电影特洛伊和我们读书时想象的
不一样)符合以上说法，故选 B 项。
13．细节理解题。根据第三段第一句 One of the key reasons behind this is that while a book usually takes a
few days to read, a movie typically lasts under two hours. This means that great books can lose plot details and 3 / 23
characters when they move to the big screen.可知，一本书需要几天才能看完，而电影只有两个小时以下的时
间，故而容易丢失一些细节和人物，不能完整地呈现小说内容。D. there is not enough time for movies to fully
present the whole story(对于电影来说没有足够的时间来呈现完整的故事)符合以上说法，故选 D 项。
14．词义猜测题。There are a thousand Hamlets in a thousand people's eyes.本句的字面意思为 “一千个人
眼里有一千个哈姆雷特”，再结合下文的 Furthermore, books and movies are two different forms of media and
therefore have different rules.(此外，书和电影是两种完全不同的媒体，因此它们有不同的规则)可猜测划线部
分的意思是：对于书和电影不同的人有不同的观点。D. Different people have different ideas about the books and
movies.(关于书和电影不同的人有不同的看法)符合以上猜测，故选 D 项。
15．主旨大意题。根据文章的主要内容，尤其是第一段的 All too often, great words end up being turned into
cinematic ''turkeys''. (伟大的词汇最终变成了电影院的“火鸡”)可知，本文主要通过由著名小说改编的电影并没
有得到和原小说同样的认可这个话题。根据第三段第一句 One of the key reasons behind this is that while a
book usually takes a few days to read, a movie typically lasts under two hours. This means that great books can lose
plot details and characters when they move to the big screen. 可知，一本书需要几天才能看完，而电影只有两个
小时以下的时间，故而容易丢失一些细节和人物，不能完整地呈现小说内容。C. Good books may not be
adapted for great movies.(好书可能不会被改编成好的电影)符合以上说法，故选 C 项。
（2020 届江西省南昌市高三二模）
When I sent my daughter, Emma, off for her freshman year of college a few years ago, I found myself affected
by an unbelievable feeling of melancholy. Clearly, I'm not alone. Just last week, The Wall Street Journal reported
that more than 90 percent of colleges offer to help moms and dads who are “struggling with the change.”
Between Thanksgiving, winter holiday, spring break and summer break, the first one out of my nest has come
fluttering back home nearly every month of the year since she has been away. Good friends like to joke that they
see more of her now than they did when she was a senior in high school. In the meantime, Emma calls, texts or
e-mails me almost every day.
Given all this, missing Emma seems kind of silly；I've never really gotten the chance. So why, then, have I
still felt on some level that I've experienced a great loss?
All summer long before Emma left that first year, I took Emma out for countless mother-daughter breakfasts,
lunches, coffees and walks. At the same time, I seemed to find fault with Emma all the time. In my eyes, Emma had
spent the weeks leading up to school going out with her friends too much, staying out way too late, making too big
a mess, not working enough and, for goodness sake, certainly not spending enough time with me! 4 / 23
Although it's taken quite a while to realize what was happening, I now understand that my unhappiness and
anxiety are not a reflection of how much time Emma and I spend together. Regardless of how often she comes
home, or how many times a day we chat or text, Emma is now gone in a far grander sense. She is well on the road
to adulthood, and from this, she will never return.
4．What does the underlined word “melancholy” in paragraph 1 refer to?
A．Fierce anger. B．Deep sadness.
C．Extreme excitement. D．Great satisfaction.
5．Why does it seem silly for the author to miss her daughter?
A．They keep in touch frequently. B．Friends like to make fun of her.
C．Emma has grown up to an adult. D．Other parents don't behave like this.
6．What actually made the author overly worried?
A．The untidiness of Emma's room. B．The passing of Emma's childhood.
C．Taking Emma out all too often. D．Spending little time with Emma.
7．What is the best title for the text?
A．Changes in the Parent-Child Relationship B．The Most Concerned Parents of All Time
C．Growing Pains for College Students D．Struggling to Let Go of My Daughter
【答案】
4．B
5．A
6．B
7．D
【解析】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章主要记叙了几年前，作者送女儿 Emma 去上大学时，发现自己很
悲伤。并且在报道中发现自己不是唯一一个有这种感受的家长。作者于是分析了让自己产生这种失落感的
原因，最终发现是 Emma 童年的逝去让自己感到失落，女儿如今已经很好地走在了成年的路上，从此，她
再也回不去了。
4．词义猜测题。根据后文 Clearly, I'm not alone. Just last week, The Wall Street Journal reported that more
than 90 percent of colleges offer to help moms and dads who are “struggling with the change.”可知显然，我并不孤
单。就在上周，《华尔街日报》报道称，超过 90%的大学提供帮助，帮助那些“在变化中挣扎”的父母。由
此可知，几年前，当作者送女儿 Emma 去上大学一年级时，作者发现自己被一种难以置信的悲伤情绪所感 5 / 23
染。划线单词意思为“深深的悲伤”。故选 B。
5．细节理解题。根据第二段中 In the meantime, Emma calls, texts or e-mails me almost every day.可知与此
同时，Emma 几乎每天都给我打电话、发短信或电子邮件。以及第三段中 Given all this, missing Emma seems
kind of silly…可知考虑到这一切，想念艾玛似乎有点傻……由此可知，作者想念她的女儿会显得很愚蠢因为
他们经常保持联系。故选 A。
6．推理判断题。根据最后一段 Although it's taken quite a while to realize what was happening, I now
understand that my unhappiness and anxiety are not a reflection of how much time Emma and I spend together.
Regardless of how often she comes home, or how many times a day we chat or text, Emma is now gone in a far
grander sense. She is well on the road to adulthood, and from this, she will never return.可知虽然花了相当长的时
间才意识到发生了什么，但我现在明白，我的不快乐和焦虑并不是我和 Emma 在一起的时间多寡的反映。
不管她回家的频率有多高，也不管我们每天有多少次聊天或发短信，Emma 现在在更大的意义上来说，已经
不在了。她已经很好地走在了成年的路上，从此，她再也回不去了。由此可知，让作者过度担心的原因是 Emma
童年的逝去。故选 B。
7．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段中 When I sent my daughter, Emma, off for her freshman year of college a
few years ago, I found myself affected by an unbelievable feeling of melancholy.可知几年前，当我送女儿艾玛去
上大学一年级时，我发现自己被一种难以置信的忧郁情绪所感染。结合文章主要记叙了几年前，作者送女
儿 Emma 去上大学时，发现自己很悲伤。并且在报道中发现自己不是唯一一个有这种感受的家长。作者于
是分析了让自己产生这种失落感的原因，最终发现是 Emma 童年的逝去让自己感到失落，女儿如今已经很
好地走在了成年的路上，从此，她再也回不去了。由此可知，D 选项“挣扎着放开我的女儿”最符合文章标题，
故选 D。
（2020 届江西省南昌市高三二模）
On my fourth day in a self-driving car, I finally felt comfortable enough to let it stop itself. Before then, I'd
allowed the car-a Volvo S90 sedan-to control the direction, with my hands still on the wheel, and to adjust speed in
traffic. By Day 4, I was ready to make a jump into the future.
With the car traveling on a busy road, I activated the driverless mode. Soon, a traffic light turned red. For a
split second, I prepared to get on the brakes. There was no need. The cameras and computers in the Volvo
recognized the traffic conditions and smoothly began applying the brake.
If you're anything like most people, you're familiar with this anxiety. Almost 80 percent of Americans fear
traveling in a self-driving car, a recent survey found. 6 / 23
Researchers at the University of Chicago have conducted some clever experiments studying the phenomenon.
They asked participants to complete tasks and compare their performance with a computer system's. After the
computer made a mistake, people were unwilling to use it again. After the people made mistakes, their
self-confidence wouldn't change. It didn't matter that the human beings made more mistakes than the computer. So
it is with driving. More than 37,000 Americans died in crashes last year, most from human error. The death count
from cars goes beyond that from guns. So if you are shocked and angry by guns and want things to change, you
should feel the same about car crashes.
Technology creates an opportunity to save lives. Computers don't get drunk or distracted by text messages,
and they don't have blind spots. Just look at commercial airlines: Automation has helped all but get rid of deadly
crashes among American air carriers. The last one happened in 2009.
The technology for self-driving cars still isn't good enough. But it is improving rapidly. Within a few years,
many cars will have advanced crash-avoidance systems and driving will be revolutionized sooner than many people
now understand.
8．How does the author introduce the topic?
A．By offering a piece of news. B．By giving background information.
C．By describing an experience. D．By introducing a latest car.
9．What can be learnt about the participants of the experiments?
A．They tended to accept the computer's faults.
B．They seemed to care little about their own mistakes.
C．They felt less confident after making mistakes.
D．They performed better than computer systems.
10．The author mentioned commercial airlines___________.
A．to prove the advantage of technology B．to assess the security of driverless cars
C．to find fault with computers D．to advertise for the commercial airlines
11．What does the author expect of the self-driving car?
A．I'll avoid deadly crashes entirely. B．It'll occupy the market in a short time.
C．It'll be bettered in every possible way. D．It'll be popularized sooner than expected.
【答案】
8．C 7 / 23
9．B
10．A
11．D
【解析】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章中作者先是通过自己驾驶自动汽车的经历来说明了最近的一项调
查发现，近 80%的美国人害怕乘坐自动驾驶汽车。而芝加哥大学的研究人员进行了一些巧妙的实验来研究
这一现象，结果发现电脑出了错误后，人们就不愿再用它了。当人们犯了错误之后，他们的自信并不会改
变。文章还说明了电脑技术的优势以及作者对自动驾驶汽车的期待。
8．推理判断题。根据文章前三段主要描述了作者第四天驾驶自动驾驶汽车时的经过，在路上，交通灯
变红了刹那间，作者准备踩刹车，这是没有必要的，沃尔沃车上的摄像头和电脑识别出了交通状况，并开
始平稳地刹车。结合第三段中 Almost 80 percent of Americans fear traveling in a self-driving car, a recent survey
found.可知最近的一项调查发现，近 80%的美国人害怕乘坐自动驾驶汽车。第四段中则开始论述文章的主题。
由此可推知，作者通过描述一个自身经历来引入主题。故选 C。
9．推理判断题。根据第四段中 They asked participants to complete tasks and compare their performance with
a computer system's. After the computer made a mistake, people were unwilling to use it again. After the people
made mistakes, their self-confidence wouldn't change. It didn't matter that the human beings made more mistakes
than the computer.可知他们要求参与者完成任务，并将他们的表现与电脑系统进行比较。电脑出了错误后，
人们就不愿再用它了。当人们犯了错误之后，他们的自信不会改变。人类犯的错误比计算机多并不重要。
由此可推知，实验参与者似乎对自己的错误毫不在意。故选 B。
10．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中 Technology creates an opportunity to save lives. Computers don't get
drunk or distracted by text messages, and they don't have blind spots.Just look at commercial airlines: Automation
has helped all but get rid of deadly crashes among American air carriers.可知技术创造了拯救生命的机会。电脑
不会喝醉或被短信分心，也没有盲点。看看商业航空公司:自动化几乎帮助所有美国航空公司摆脱了致命的
坠机事故.由此可推知，作者提到商业航空公司是为了证明技术的优势。故选 A。
11．推理判断题。根据最后一段中 The technology for self-driving cars still isn't good enough. But it is
improving rapidly. Within a few years, many cars will have advanced crash-avoidance systems and driving will be
revolutionized sooner than many people now understand.可知自动驾驶汽车的技术还不够好。但它正在迅速改善。
几年之内，许多汽车将拥有先进的防撞系统，驾驶技术将比现在人们所了解的更快地发生革命性变化。由
此可推知，作者对自动驾驶汽车的期望是它会比预期更早地普及。故选 D。
（2020 届山西省太原市高三二模） 8 / 23
One rainy afternoon, I was on a crosstown bus when a young woman jumped on. She had a child with her who
was about three or four years old. The bus was full, bumpy(颠簸的), and it soon got noisy, as her kid began crying
— he was upset that he couldn't sit next to his mother. She looked embarrassed.
Then another woman, a little older, stood up and moved so that the mother and child could sit together. The
mum smiled as a thank-you. And then three words came out of the older woman's mouth that raised the entire
energy of that bus ride: “I've been there.”
Simple, undramatic, and honest. In that moment, it seemed to unite the diverse people of the city. Why?
Because almost all experiences are shared human experiences. They're universal. We forget that as we go through
life, focused on our own troubles and needs — which are actually less unique than we think.
Sometimes painful past experiences prevent us from wanting to open up to others because we don't want to
revisit our own history. But a wonderful way to honor your past hurt is to help comfort another's current pain.
When I was a little girl, we lived on donations from local families and clothing from the " lost and found"
baskets. It was shameful for me at the time — I lived in fear of being caught in a friend' s cast-off item.
Even when it was warmer, I refused to take off a layer in the classroom for this reason. Now I don't meet
people who are in this exact situation, but I do notice when someone is struggling with financial shame or feels less
than other people they meet. And I'm quick to say some version of, "I've been there."
Can the essence of these three words help you make a small difference right now? It can be as simple as
volunteering your seat, sharing some helpful advice, or even lightening the mood with a joke when you notice that
someone's uncomfortable — because we're all in this together.
8．What influence did the older woman's words have on the people around?
A．Causing discomfort. B．Breaking long silence.
C．Creating a heated debate. D．Inspiring common feelings.
9．What does the author think of personal troubles and needs?
A．They are mostly shared experiences. B．They don't really matter to anyone'
C．They will be forgotten with time. D．They are unique to each individual.
10．Why did the author refuse to take off the coat in the classroom?
A．Because she had the same sweater with others.
B．Because she stole the sweater from someone'
C．Because she liked wearing the coat in summer. 9 / 23
D．Because she felt embarrassed wearing others' clothes.
11．What's the best title for the text?
A．Painful Experiences Are No Big Deal B．The Best Way to Honor Your Past Hurt
C．True Happiness Comes from Helping Others D．Three Little Words That Bring Us Together
【答案】
8．D
9．A
10．D
11．D
【解析】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章由作者在公交车上看到一位老太太给一对母子让座，老太太对那
位母亲说“I've been there.(我也经历过)”而引发了对这三个字的思考，并联想到自身小时候家中贫困的经历。
作者认为个人的烦恼和需求大多是共同的经历，这三个字可以帮助安慰别人现在的痛苦，将人们联系在一
起。
8．推理判断题。根据第二段中 And then three words came out of the older woman's mouth that raised the
entire energy of that bus ride: “I've been there.”可知接着老太太嘴里说出了三个字:“我也经历过。”这三个字让
整趟公车都充满了活力。由此可推知，老妇人的话激发了周围人的共同情感。故选 D。
9．细节理解题。根据第三段中 Because almost all experiences are shared human experiences.可知因为几乎
所有的经历都是人类共有的经历。由此可知，作者认为个人的烦恼和需求大多是共同的经历。故选 A。
10．细节理解题。根据第五段 When I was a little girl, we lived on donations from local families and clothing
from the “lost and found” baskets. It was shameful for me at the time — I lived in fear of being caught in a friend’s
cast-off item.可知当我还是个小女孩的时候，我们靠当地家庭的捐赠和“失物招领”篮子里的衣物为生。在当
时，这对我来说是很丢脸的——我一直生活在恐惧中，害怕被抓住穿着一个朋友丢弃的东西。由此可知，
作者在教室里拒绝脱外衣因为她觉得穿别人的衣服不好意思。故选 D。
11．主旨大意题。根据最后一段 Can the essence of these three words help you make a small difference right
now? It can be as simple as volunteering your seat, sharing some helpful advice, or even lightening the mood with a
joke when you notice that someone's uncomfortable — because we're all in this together.可知现在，这三个字的本
质能帮你做出一点小小的改变吗？它可以很简单，比如自愿让座，分享一些有用的建议，甚至当你注意到
某人不舒服时，用一个笑话来缓解情绪——因为我们都是在一起的。结合文章由作者在公交车上看到一位
老太太给一对母子让座，老太太对那位母亲说“I've been there.(我也经历过)”而引发了对这三个字的思考，并 10 / 23
联想到自身小时候家中贫困的经历。作者认为个人的烦恼和需求大多是共同的经历，这三个字可以帮助安
慰别人现在的痛苦，将人们联系在一起。由此可知，D 选项“让我们走到一起的三个字”最符合文章标题，故
选 D。
（2020 届山西省太原市高三二模）
Do Cyber Schools Make the Grade?
Students in Caldwell, Idaho, can attend class in their pajamas!
At Vallivue Virtual Academy, courses are taught online. Students work at home with parents, who serve as
learning coaches. A certified teacher oversees the students' progress.
The cyber school was launched as a free option for students in kindergarten through grade 8 who have trouble
succeeding in the district's traditional public school. Supporters of the program say that virtual learning can help
students work at their own pace. If students struggle with subjects, they can take those courses online and spend
more time on them. Valerie VanSelous, a teacher from Hopewell Township, N.J・，agrees. "Teachers, students, and
parents need to accept new technology and not be afraid of it. Offering different teaching aids just might be the key
to unlocking a student' s potential. "
Some also believe that attending virtual school can prepare students for college and for work after graduation.
"We need to be responsible for working on our own,” says Angela Goscilo, a senior from Pound Ridge, N.Y. "We
need to develop technology skills that will help us in whatever we do. Getting an early start is a good idea."
Not everyone gives cyber schools a passing grade， however. Some educators argue that online learning
makes it hard for students to make friends. Payton Mcdonough, 13, a seventh grader from Glencoe, m., agrees. " I
don't know how I could sit at a computer all day without actually interacting with my peers and teachers," he says.
In addition, virtual schools don’t have enough structure. Students who take online courses can set their own
schedules, which will cause problems for students who have trouble staying motivated.
Many parents also feel that cyber schools put unrealistic time demands on them because they have to oversee
their kids' daily work. Many of them have full-time jobs. How are they going to run their children's education, excel 11 / 23
in their jobs, and take care of their other responsibilities at home?
12．What is the cyber school intended for?
A．Reducing the time students spend online.
B．Helping those who struggle in traditional schools.
C．Allowing teachers to work at their own pace.
D．Encouraging students to learn about technology.
13．What does the underlined sentence mean in paragraph 5?
A．Not everyone approves of cyber schools.
B．Not everyone has attended a cyber school.
C．Not everyone has given cyber schools a test.
D．Not everyone cares about students in cyber schools.
14．How do working parents feel about overseeing their kids' daily work?
A．It's worthwhile.
B．It's unnecessary.
C．It's demanding.
D．It's discouraging.
15．What is the main idea of the text?
A．Students in Caldwell can attend class at home every day.
B．There are various arguments for and against virtual schools.
C．It's important for students to learn to work in the virtual world.
D．Cyber schools are better than traditional schools in many ways.
【答案】
12．B
13．A
14．C
15．B
【解析】这是一篇议论文，主要论述了对网校的不同看法。
12．推理判断题。由第三段“The cyber school was launched as a free option for students in kindergarten
through grade 8 who have trouble succeeding in the district's traditional public school.”可知，网络学校是为幼儿 12 / 23
园到 8 年级的学生提供的一种免费选择，这些学生在当地传统的公立学校中很难取得成功。由此可以判断，
网络学校是为了帮助在传统学校里苦苦奋斗的那些学生。故选 B 项。
13．词义猜测题。 根据下文 Some educators argue that online learning makes it hard for students to make
friends. Payton Mcdonough, 13, a seventh grader from Glencoe, m., agrees. " I don't know how I could sit at a
computer all day without actually interacting with my peers and teachers," he says.（一些教育工作者认为，在线
学习让学生很难交朋友。13 岁的佩顿·麦克多诺(Payton Mcdonough)是密歇根州格兰科市(Glencoe)的一名七
年级学生。他说:“我不知道我怎么能整天坐在电脑前而不与我的同学和老师互动。”）这是对网校的否定。
由此可知，划线的句子意思是并非所有人都赞成网络学校。故选 A 项。
14．推理判断题。由最后一段“Many parents also feel that cyber schools put unrealistic time demands on them
because they have to oversee their kids' daily work. Many of them have full-time jobs. How are they going to run
their children's education, excel in their jobs, and take care of their other responsibilities at home?”可知，许多家长
还认为，网络学校对他们的时间要求不切实际，因为他们必须监督孩子的日常学业。他们中的许多人都有
全职工作。她们将如何管理孩子的教育，如何在工作中出类拔萃，如何照顾好家里的其他责任?由此可见，
对于那些有工作的家长而言，监督孩子的日常这件事要求太高，他们无暇顾及。故选 C 项。
15．主旨大意题。由标题“Do Cyber Schools Make the Grade?”可知，网络学校合格吗？同时结合本文的
第三段以及第四段和第五段的首句，我们可以看出来这篇文章主要就网校是否合格这个主题，分别从正面
和反面阐述了观点。故选 B 项。
（2020 届山西省运城市高三调研）
That robots, automation, and software can replace people might seem obvious to anyone who’s worked in
automotive manufacturing. But MIT business scholars Erik Brynjolfsson and Andrew McAfee’s claim is more
troubling and controversial. They believe that rapid technological change has been destroying jobs faster than it is
creating them.
They believe that technology increases productivity and makes societies wealthier, but it became clear to them
that the same technologies making many jobs safer, easier, and more productive were also reducing the demand for
many types of human workers. Technologies like the Web, artificial intelligence, and big data are automating many
routine tasks. Countless traditional white-collar jobs, such as many in the post office and in customer service, have
disappeared.
As evidence, Brynjolfsson and McAfee point to a chart on which separate lines represent productivity and
total employment in the United States. For years after World War II, the two lines closely tracked each other, with 13 / 23
increases in jobs corresponding to increases in productivity. Then, beginning in 2000, the lines diverge;
productivity continues to rise steadily, but employment suddenly shrinks. By 2011, a significant gap appears
between the two lines, showing economic growth with no parallel increase in job creation.
United States Productivity and Employment
But are these new technologies really responsible for a decade of lackluster (无生气) job growth? David Autor,
an economist at MIT who has studied the connections between jobs and technology, doubts that technology could
account for such a sudden change in total employment. Moreover, he also doubts that productivity has, in fact, risen
steadily in the United States in the past decade. If he’s right, it raises the possibility that poor job growth could be
simply a result of a depressed economy. The sudden slowdown in job creation “is a big puzzle,” he says, “but
there’s not a lot of evidence that it’s linked to computers.” “To be sure, computer technologies are changing the
types of jobs available, but that is very different from saying technology is affecting the total number of jobs,” he
adds. “Jobs can change a lot without there being huge changes in employment rates.”
Lawrence Katz, a Harvard economist, says that while technological changes can be painful for workers whose
skills no longer match the needs of employers, no historical pattern shows these shifts leading to a net decrease in
jobs over an extended period. Still, Katz doesn’t dismiss the notion that there is something different about today’s
digital technologies. Though he expects the historical pattern to hold, it is “genuinely a question,” he says. “If
technology disrupts enough, who knows what will happen?”
8．Which period on the chart strongly supports McAfee’s claim?
A．1947—1967. B．1985—1987.
C．1997—2000. D．2011—2013.
9．According to David Autor, the change in job growth ________.
A．is not necessarily caused by technology
B．results from a weakening economy 14 / 23
C．has no connection with productivity
D．affects the current types of jobs
10．What is Lawrence Katz’s attitude towards the topic?
A．Optimistic. B．Defensive.
C．Objective. D．Disapproving.
11．The main purpose of the passage is to ________.
A．show the relation between productivity and job creation
B．discuss the effect of technological advances on employment
C．argue against the wide use of artificial intelligence
D．explain the impact of technologies on productivity
【答案】
8．D
9．A
10．C
11．B
【解析】这是一篇议论文。本文讨论了技术进步对就业的影响。
8．推理判断题。根据第三段中 By 2011, a significant gap appears between the two lines, showing economic
growth with no parallel increase in job creation.可知，图表上 2011—2013 强烈支持 McAfee 的主张。故答案为 D。
9．推理判断题。根据第四段中 it raises the possibility that poor job growth could be simply a result of a
depressed economy.可知，根据 David Autor 的说法，就业增长的变化并不一定是由技术造成的，而可能是由
萧条的经济造成的。故答案为 A。
10．推理判断题。根据最后一段中 Though he expects the historical pattern to hold, it is “genuinely a
question,” he says. “If technology disrupts enough, who knows what will happen?”可知，Lawrence Katz 对这个话
题的态度是客观的。故答案为 C。
11．推理判断题。根据第四段中 who has studied the connections between jobs and technology, doubts that
technology could account for such a sudden change in total employment. Moreover, he also doubts that
productivity has, in fact, risen steadily in the United States in the past decade.可知，这篇文章的主要目的是讨论
技术进步对就业的影响。故答案为 B。
（2020 届四川省成都七中高三三诊） 15 / 23
Recently, a group of scientists decided to find out what the funniest joke in the world was. This was obviously
a difficult task, as no two people really agree about what is funny and what is not—especially when they are from
different countries.
Here is the joke which the experts decided was the funniest joke in the world：
Two hunters were out in the woods. One of them fell to the ground. He didn’t seem to be breathing; his eyes
were closed. The other hunter took out his mobile phone and called the emergency services.
“My friend is dead!” he cried to the operator. “What can I do？”The operator said，“Don’t worry. First, make
sure he’s dead.” There was a silence, and then a shot was heard. Bang! The hunter’s voice came back on the line.
He said, “OK, now what?”
This is perhaps amusing. Culturally, it depends on us knowing that often hunters are not considered to be very
intelligent people, and that often they are quite violent. But perhaps this is not so all over the world. It’s also quite a
“black” joke—a joke about something which isn’t really a funny subject. The experts also found the second
funniest joke in the world. Here it is：
Sherlock Holmes and Dr. Watson went on a camping trip. After dinner, they went to sleep. Some hours later,
Holmes woke up. “Watson, look up at the sky and tell me what you see.” “I see millions of stars, Holmes,” replied
Watson.
“And what do you infer from that? ”
“Well, there are billions of stars ... we are a small part of the universe ...”
“Watson, you idiot!” he said. “Someone has stolen our tent!” I personally think this is better.
Can scientists in the end decide what is funny? Some things are much too complicated, even for scientists.
4．What can we learn from the first paragraph?
A．Few jokes can make scientists laugh.
B．Only scientists can find out the funniest joke.
C．There are different jokes in different countries.
D．People hold different opinions about what is funny.
5．What does the author think of the first joke?
A．It is not so funny as the experts thought.
B．It is really the funniest joke he has ever heard.
C．It can greatly affect readers’ attitudes toward hunters. 16 / 23
D．It shows that not all hunters are brave and intelligent.
6．We can learn that a person’s understanding of a joke can be affected by ________.
A．the reader’s feeling B．the length of the joke
C．the reader’s cultural background D．the language that the teller uses
7．Which of the following is the best title for this passage?
A．Uninteresting jokes B．Different kinds of jokes
C．The funniest jokes in the world D．Tips on how to make others laugh
【答案】
4．D
5．A
6．C
7．C
【解析】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。一些科学家试图找到世界上最好笑的笑话，但实际上由于人们判断
笑话好笑的标准不一样，找出最好笑的笑话是很难做到的。
4．推理判断题。根据第一段第二句 This was obviously a difficult task, as no two people really agree about
what is funny and what is not—especially when they are from different countries.“这显然是一项艰巨的任务，因
为没有两个人能够就什么好笑什么不好笑达成一致——尤其是当他们来自不同的国家时。”可知，人们对笑
话是否好笑持有不同的观点。故选 D。
5．推理判断题。根据第四段中的 This is perhaps amusing. Culturally, it depends on us knowing that often
hunters are not considered to be very intelligent people, and that often they are quite violent. But perhaps this is not
so all over the world. It’s also quite a “black” joke—a joke about something which isn’t really a funny subject.“这
也许很有趣。从文化上来说，这取决于我们知道猎人通常被认为不是很聪明的人，而且他们通常很暴力。
但也许并非全世界都是如此。这也是一个相当“黑色”的笑话——关于一些并不有趣的话题的笑话。”可知，
作者认为第一个笑话不如专家认为的那样好笑，它充其量只是个“黑色幽默”。故选 A。
6．推理判断题。根据第四段中的 Culturally, it depends on us knowing that often hunters are not considered to
be very intelligent people, and that often they are quite violent.“从文化上来说，这取决于我们知道猎人通常被认
为不是很聪明的人，而且他们通常很暴力。”可知，一个人对某个笑话的理解受其文化背景的影响。故选 C。
7．主旨大意题。本文主要讲的是科学家试图找出世界上最好笑的笑话，但是不同的人持有不同的观点。
所以 C 项 The funniest jokes in the world“世界上最有趣的笑话”为最佳标题。故选 C。 17 / 23
（2020 届广东省高三模拟一）
An advance in electronic publishing could make the ebook you are reading seem as dated as a silent film.
Publishers hope to explore the growing success of ebooks by releasing versions with added soundtracks and
musical accompaniments.
The noises in the first multimedia books- released in Britain on Friday - include rain hitting a window in a
Sherlock Holmes tale. When the plot of a book reaches the most exciting part, background scores will create
tension. In America, works by Shakespeare and Jane Austen have already been released with music and
background noise so that, for example, readers can hear tea cups clinking in Mr. Darcy's garden as they read Pride
and Prejudice.
Supporters argue that sound effects are the next logical development for ebooks and will add excitement for
younger readers. Critics, however, will argue that the noise will ruin the simple pleasure of having the imagination
stimulated by reading.
Caroline Michel, chief executive of the literary agency, said the new generation of computer-literate readers
was used to multiple sensory input. She said, “Young people have split computer screens where they may be
watching television and replying to an email at the same time. If that's what the market wants then we should
respond to the market.”
Booktrack's sound effects work by estimating the user's reading speed. Each time you “turn” a page, the
software reassesses where you have reached in the text and times the sounds to switch on accordingly. If the
soundtrack becomes out of synch(同步), a click on any word will re-set it.
Some authors fear that a soundtrack could destroy the peace and quiet of libraries and ruin the pleasure of
reading. David Nicholls, author of One Day, the bestseller now released as a film, said, “This sounds like the
opposite of reading. I have enough trouble reading an ebook because I’m constantly distracted by emails.”
Stuart MacBride, the crime writer whose novel Shatter the Bones was an ebook bestseller, sells 18% of his
books as electronic downloads. He said, “If I’m reading, I will do the noise in my head. I don't need someone to tell
me what tea cups clinking sounds like. That would irritate me.”
12．What's the passage mainly about?
A．Opinions about ebooks with soundtracks.
B．Response to the need of the book market.
C．Reasons for traditional ebooks becoming outdated. 18 / 23
D．Suggestions on encouraging readers' imagination.
13．What do publishers expect an ebook soundtrack to do?
A．Help to release an ebook as a film.
B．Help readers improve reading speed.
C．Add tension at a book's exciting point.
D．Get readers familiar with the background.
14．Who is in favour of added soundtracks for ebooks?
A．Mr. Darcy. B．Caroline Michel.
C．David Nicholls. D．Stuart MacBride.
15．What do we know about Stuart MacBride?
A．He was a person who was easy to get angry.
B．He knew a great deal about tea and tea culture.
C．Eighty-two percent of his books described crime.
D．He imagined sounds related to the story when reading.
【答案】
12．A
13．C
14．B
15．D
【解析】这是一篇议论文。文章说明了出版商希望通过发行带有附加音轨和音乐伴奏版本的电子书，
支持者认为，声音效果是电子书的下一个合乎逻辑的发展，并将增加年轻读者的兴奋。然而，批评家会争
辩说，噪音会破坏阅读所激发的想象的简单乐趣。文章介绍了不同的人对此的看法。
12．主旨大意题。根据第三段 Supporters argue that sound effects are the next logical development for ebooks
and will add excitement for younger readers. Critics, however, will argue that the noise will ruin the simple
pleasure of having the imagination stimulated by reading.可知支持者认为，声音效果是电子书的下一个合乎逻
辑的发展，并将增加年轻读者的兴奋。然而，批评家会争辩说，噪音会破坏阅读所激发的想象的简单乐趣。
结合文章说明了出版商希望通过发行带有附加音轨和音乐伴奏版本的电子书，支持者认为，声音效果是电
子书的下一个合乎逻辑的发展，并将增加年轻读者的兴奋。然而，批评家会争辩说，噪音会破坏阅读所激
发的想象的简单乐趣。文章介绍了不同的人对此的看法。由此可知，这篇文章主要讲了对带有配乐的电子 19 / 23
书的看法。故选 A。
13．细节理解题。根据第二段中 When the plot of a book reaches the most exciting part, background scores
will create tension.可知当书的情节发展到最激动人心的部分时，背景的得分会制造紧张感。由此可知，出版
商希望一个电子书原声带在书中令人兴奋的地方增加紧张感。故选 C。
14．推理判断题。根据第四段中 Caroline Michel, chief executive of the literary agency, said the new
generation of computer-literate readers was used to multiple sensory input.可知这家文学机构的首席执行官
Caroline Michel 表示，新一代懂电脑的读者习惯于多重感官输入。以及 If that's what the market wants then we
should respond to the market.可知如果这是市场想要的，那么我们应该对市场作出反应。由此可推知，Caroline
Michel 支持为电子书添加配乐。故选 B。
15．细节理解题。根据最后一段中 He said, “If I’m reading, I will do the noise in my head. I don't need
someone to tell me what tea cups clinking sounds like. That would irritate me.”可知他说：“如果我在看书，我会
在脑子里制造响声。我不需要有人告诉我茶杯叮当的声音是什么样的。那会激怒我的。”由此可知，Stuart
MacBride 在阅读时想象与故事有关的声音。故选 D。
（2020 届广东省肇庆市高三质量监测）
More than a billion people around the world have smart phones, almost all of which come with some kind of
navigation app such as Apple Maps or Amap. This raises the age-old question we meet with any technology: What
abilities is our brain losing to these apps? But also, importantly: What abilities are we gaining?
Talking with people who are good at finding their way around or good at using paper maps, I often hear a lot
of annoyance with digital maps. North/south direction gets messed up, and you can see only a small section at a
time. I can really understand that it may be quite disturbing for the already skilled to be limited to a small phone
screen.
But consider what digital navigation aids have meant for someone like me. Although being a frequent traveler,
I'm so terrible at finding my way that I still use Apple Maps almost every day in the small town where I have lived
for many years.
In many developed nations, street names and house numbers can be meaningful, and instructions such as go
north for three blocks and──then west’’ make sense to those familiar with these rules. In Istanbul, however, where
I grew up, none of those hold true. For one thing, the locals seldom use street names. Besides, the city is full of
winding and ancient alleys(小巷) that cross with newer avenues at many angles. In such places, you’d better turn to
the locals. In the countryside, however, there is often nobody outside to ask. In fact, along came Apple Maps, like a 20 / 23
fairy grandmother whispering directions in my ear. Since then, I travel with a lot more confidence, and my world
has opened up.
Which brings me back to my original question: While we often lose some skills after depending on new
technology, this new equipment may also allow us to gain new abilities. Maybe when technology closes a door, we
should also look for the doors it opens.
12．Why do people who are skilled at reading paper maps feel upset?
A．They are interested in reading paper maps,
B．They don’t know how to use navigation, apps.
C．They are limited to a single smart phone app.
D．They are confused by digital maps’ direction.
13．According to the text, which is the best way to find the destination in Istanbul?
A．Asking local people the way.
B．Following the navigation app.
C．Getting familiar with the city rules.
D．Looking for street names and house numbers.
14．What’s the author’s attitude towards the navigation apps?
A．Cautious B．Ambiguous
C．Favorable D．Critical
15．What could be the best title of the passage?
A．Benefits of Navigation Apps
B．Disadvantages of Navigation Apps
C．My World Opens Up by New Technology
D．Have Navigation Apps Worsened Our Brain?
【答案】
12．D
13．A
14．C
15．D
【解析】这是一篇议论文。每天都有很多人通过智能手机使用导航程序，人们对此态度不一，作者认 21 / 23
为导航程序很实用，并且也可能让我们获得新的能力。
12．细节理解题。根据第二段中“North/south direction gets messed up, and you can see only a small section at
a time.”可知，擅长使用纸质地图的人认为电子地图会混淆南北方向，一次只能看一小部分内容，这令他们
感觉不安。故选 D 项。
13．细节理解题。根据第四段中“In such places, you’d better turn to the locals.”可知，在伊斯坦布尔这样
的地方，最好向当地人求助。故选 A 项。
14．推理判断题。根据第三段中“Although being a frequent traveler, I'm so terrible at finding my way that I
still use Apple Maps almost every day in the small town where I have lived for many years.”及最后一段中“While
we often lose some skills after depending on new technology, this new equipment may also allow us to gain new
abilities.”可知，作者几乎每天使用电子地图，并且认为这样的设备也可能让我们获得新的能力，所以作者对
导航程序的态度是支持的。故选 C 项。
15．主旨大意题。文章第一段提出问题“What abilities is our brain losing to these apps?”，第二段提到人们
对电子地图的否定态度，第三、四段通过具体分析表明自己对导航程序的支持态度，最后一段总结全文。
所以 D 项“导航应用让我们的大脑变得更糟了吗?”最适合作本文标题。故选 D 项。
（2020 届广东省珠海市高三三模）
Chengdu, the capital of Sichuan province, has an ancient competition with Chongqing, a city to its south-east.
Residents of Chongqing accused their Chengdu cousins of being pompous (自大的). The people of Chongqing
were hotheads, Chengdu residents shot back. Both cities share a love of spice-laden Sichuan cuisine, which in
recent decades has occupied Chinese dinner tables. But they are at war over which has the best Sichuan hotpot—a
type of DIY-cooking that involves boiling vegetables and slices of meat with chillies and numbing peppercorns.
A private museum in Chongqing, opened several years ago, makes the case for the Chongqing-style hotpot. It
describes how it developed from a method used to make cheap offcuts of meat taste delicious. But Chengdu is
playing catch-up. In January the city sold a plot of land on condition that the developer build a hotpot museum on
part of it.
The two cities are among many in China with their own styles of hotpot. Hotpot restaurants in China are more
profitable than other kinds. Haidilao, a well-known Sichuan-based hotpot chain, raised nearly $1bn when it was
listed on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange (股票交易所) in September.
Not all Chinese warm to hotpot. Some older Sichuanese refuse to be connected with it. They complain that it
is causing overuse of chilli in other dishes that cover up the original genuine flavours. 22 / 23
But Chengdu’s plans for a museum suggest that Sichuan hotpot is not only growing in popularity, but is also
becoming symbolic. If it can set the West on fire, officials may hope it will become a delicious new source of
Chinese soft power. There will be plenty of glory for both Chengdu and Chongqing to take pride in if that happens.
4．Why are Chengdu and Chongqing competing with each other?
A．Because Chengdu people think Chongqing people are pompous.
B．Because Chengdu residents like to shoot back in battles.
C．Because they both think they are better at eating spicy food.
D．Because they both believe they have the best Sichuan hotpot.
5．What is the purpose of building a hotpot museum in Chengdu?
A．To compete with Chongqing. B．To advertise Sichuan cuisine.
C．To show their love for hotpot. D．To keep the hotpot tradition.
6．What can we infer about hotpot from the last paragraph?
A．The two cities have competed only in recent decades.
B．More hotpot museums will be built in the future.
C．Hotpot is already a source of Chinese soft power.
D．People hold a high expectation for hotpot culture.
7．Which can be a suitable title for the text?
A．Growing Popularity of Hotpot in Two Cities
B．Two Cities’ War Over Tastiest Sichuan Hotpot
C．“No Hotpot, No Happiness” True in Food Business
D．Private Museum in Chongqing Opened First
【答案】
4．D
5．A
6．D
7．B
【解析】这是一篇议论文。文章首段提到，两城就谁做的火锅最好的争论引出论题，随后结合事实：
两城先后建立博物馆，相互竞争，最终归结到一点：火锅在国际上的受欢迎程度将会给两城人民带来荣耀，
这是政府和人民的期望。 23 / 23
4．细节理解题。结合题干关键词 Chengdu and Chongqing competing with each other 可以定位到第一段第
一句。Chengdu, …, has an ancient competition with Chongqing,根据第一段最后一句 But they are at war over
which has the best Sichuan hotpot—a type of DIY-cooking that involves boiling vegetables and slices of meat with
chilies and numbing peppercorns. 但是双方还在为谁的火锅最好而争论不休。可知，他们两个城市争论的焦
点在于“谁的火锅最好”，选项 D 符合题意。故选 D 项。
5．推理判断题。结合题干关键词 building a hotpot museum in Chengdu 定位到文章的第二段最后两句 But
Chengdu is playing catch-up. In January the city sold a plot of land on condition that the developer build a hotpot
museum on part of it. 但是成都正在迎头赶上。一月份成都卖了一块地，条件是开发商在里面建一座火锅博
物馆。结合本段前两句 A private museum in Chongqing, opened several years ago, makes the case for the
Chongqing-style hotpot. It describes how it developed from a method used to make cheap offcuts of meat taste
delicious. 几年前重庆开了一家私人博物馆，来证明重庆火锅的特色。博物馆展示了重庆火锅从便宜的边角
肉片尝起来美味的发展过程。以及最后一段第一句：But Chengdu’s plans for a museum suggest that Sichuan
hotpot is not only growing in popularity, but is also becoming symbolic. 但是成都的博物馆计划表明，四川火锅
不仅越来越受欢迎，而且正变得具有象征意义。比较内容可以得出，重庆开了私人博物馆，来展示了重庆
火锅从便宜的边角肉片尝起来美味的发展过程，证明重庆火锅的特色；成都卖了一块地，让开发商在里面
建一座火锅博物馆，说明四川火锅不仅越来越受欢迎，而且正变得具有象征意义。此举动同样是两城在争
斗上的一个表现。选项 A 符合题意。故选 A 项。
6．推理判断题。理解最后一段内容：但是成都的博物馆计划表明，四川火锅不仅越来越受欢迎，而且
正变得具有象征意义。 如果它能点燃西方人们的吃火锅的欲望，官员们可能希望它能成为中国软实力的一
个诱人的新来源。 如果这种情况发生，成都和重庆都会有足够的荣耀值得骄傲。可以得出结论，火锅在国
际上的受欢迎程度将会给两城人民带来荣耀，这是政府和人民的期望。选项 D 符合题意。故选 D 项。
7．主旨大意题。文章首段提到，两城就谁做的火锅最好的争论引出论题，随后结合事实：两城先后建
立博物馆，相互竞争，最终归结到一点：火锅在国际上的受欢迎程度将会给两城人民带来荣耀，这是政府
和人民的期望。所以，文章的标题应该是：两城之争：谁做出了最好吃的四川火锅。选项 B 符合题意。故
选 B 项。
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