2020届河北衡水高三英语复习讲义（三十）高考语法简单句考点最全整理解析

2020 届河北衡水高三英语复习讲义（三十） 高考语法简单句考点最全整理解析 简单句 由一个(并列)主语和一个(并列)谓语构成的句子. 1) He works hard at English. 2) Both Tom and Jack enjoy pop music. 3) We sang and danced yesterday evening. 4) My brother and I go to school at half past seven in the morning and come back at seven in the evening. 5) I began to learn English three years ago. 6) How many times have you been to Beijing? 7) Bob gave her an interesting book. 8) We find it difficult to get along with him. 9) He taught us how to use the computer. 10) Mary’s being late made his teacher very angry. 11) Hearing the news, he jumped with joy. 12) Greatly moved by the film, she decided to study harder. 1 简单句的五种基本结构 -- 各成分在句中的排列顺序(语序) ①主语+连系动词+表语 ( S + V + P ) 连系动词：连系主语和表语，没有被动形式，后接形容词，名词。说明主语的状况、 性质、特征等情况。有些系动词又可作实义动词。(1) 表状态： be/stand/lie/stay/keep/remain/fall... (2) 表变化： turn/become/get/grow/go/come... (3) 表感觉： taste/smell/sound/look/feel/ appear/seem... (4) 表证实： prove/turn out... 1) The fish smells terrible. It must be bad. 2) Alice is like his father. She is friendly to everyone. 3) The city looks especially beautiful in the evening. 4) The shop stays open till midnight. His plan turned out a success. 5) The milk has gone bad. Your dream will come true one day. 6) The question remains a puzzle. All the glasses are broken. 7) English is becoming more and more important. 8) The trouble lies in the engine. Please keep silent. 9) Time is up. I must be away/ off.②主语+不及物动词 ( S + Vi ) a.及物动词(vt): 后须带宾语。如: receive, find, like, buy 等。 b.不及物动词(vi): 后不需宾语,如要加宾语须有介词。如: look, go, listen, work, rise, sit, come, happen 等。不及物动词没有被动形态。 c.有些动词既可作及物又可作不及物，如: ring, speak, grow, read, sing 等 1) My father has gone abroad. Ann is waiting for Kate at the gate. 2) He works in a big company. They arrived unexpectedly. 3) The baby is crying in the next room. 4) The sun rises in the east and sets in the west. 5) The fish weighs five kilos. The rain lasted all day. 6) He studies harder in order to catch up with his classmates. 7) It snowed heavily. This happened suddenly. 8) She went downstairs slowly and carefully. 9) My aunt will come to see me tomorrow. 10) The bike costs about eighty pounds. ③主语+及物动词+宾语 ( S + Vt + O ) a. 及物动词除单词动词以外, 还有短语动词, 它由单词动词加介,副词构成。在使用 时,作为一个整体来看,它也可分为及物和不及物.b.( 及 物 动 词 ) look into/ call on/ look after/ work out/ catch up with/ go on with/ break away from/ look down upon/ take care of/ take part in/ play a part in/ be afraid of / be fond of/ be familiar with… (不 及 物 动 词 ) ...stay up/ break out/ come out/ die out/ look out/ give in/ turn up/ come back/ set out 1) I usually do my homework at home in the evening. 2) Canada has a great deal of coal, oil and gas. 3) He decided to work harder at English. 4) His friends tried to encourage him. 5) The writer often writes something interesting about children. 6) My father has given up smoking. 7) We should often practice speaking English. 8) The new will replace the old. 9) The people all over the world love peace. 10)You'd better look up the word in a dictionary. ④主语+及物+间接宾语/人+直接宾语/物 ( S + Vt + IO + DO ) 可接双宾语的常用动词 a.间接宾语也可位于直接宾语后,此时两者之间要加介词 for 或 to. b. 有些动词只能以"动词 + 事物 + to / for 某人" 出现。 1) Uncle Li bought me a computer. =Uncle Li bought a computer for me.2) He brought me a dictionary. = He brought a dictionary to me. 3) A computer was bought for me. 4) He explained the situation to me. 不能说: He explained me… 练一练：用介词 for 或 to 改写下列句子。 1) Mike brought us good news. 2) She showed me a photo. 3) Jack sent me a funny message. 4) Please pass me a piece of paper. 5) I will give you a lot of money. 6) Can you sing us a song? 7) Mr. King teaches us English 8) Will you call me a taxi? 9) Can you fetch me a cup of tea? 10) Jane wrote me a letter yesterday. ⑤主语＋及物＋宾语＋宾补　 ( S + Vt + O + Oc )a. 宾语补足语和宾语合称为复合宾语。汉语中含有“使成为，称作，以为，保持” 等 意 义 的 动 词 常 带 复 合 宾 语 。 如 ： call/ consider/ think/ elect/ find/make/ leave/ … 1) You must keep the room clean and tidy. 2) We consider the boy (to be) honest. 3) We found a man lying on the ground. 4) I often hear her sing in the next room. 5) He told me to keep quiet in the hospital. 6) Yesterday I had a picture taken with two Americans. 7) You must get your hair cut. 8) They want the work (to be) finished quickly. 9) What makes you in such a hurry? 10) They followed him out/ in. 2 句子的成分及语序3 按句子的正确语序排列 1. this book I from the borrowed a morning library 2. on we at stay Sundays home 3. the in children asked continuously this morning questions class 4. the I yesterday film enjoyed 5. always Sunday close shop on afternoons the. 6. spend abroad sometimes our we holidays 7. the this boy apple the an ate greedily in kitchen little morning 8. games played the yesterday in room children quietly their 9. before he the lunch letter in his office quickly read10. a in corner he the garden of the tree planted 11. a built they year in our village last school new 12. very music likes much she 13. seen such have I large apples never 14. will see tomorrow me to my come uncle 15. at lot stop are people a there of the bus 16. pair grandfather my me a of shoes bought sports 17. happen the did earthquake the not in of town luckily center 18. teacher handed Mary homework to her the 19. told an night interesting me story last Grandma 20. need a twice we place than this one larger 21. us considered all honest of him 22. when turn comes green trees spring 23. he an us to English song asked sing 24. will school make beautiful more we our 25. are the made in better Germany than those in cars Japan 26. tomorrow get hair I my cut will 27. open pushed the they door 28. the think students highly his of teaching all 29. piece he a glass of broke 30. our not far my home school from is