2020届河北衡水高三英语复习讲义（三十一）高考语法句子成分（主谓宾表定状补同位）考点最全整理解析

2020 届河北衡水高三英语复习讲义（三十一） 高考语法句子成分（主谓宾表定状补同位）考点最全整理解析 学习句子成分有几点须弄明白 1. 句子的主干部分：主、谓、宾、表；句子的修饰成分：定、状、补、同位语 2. 句子中某一成分不要只理解为一个单词，它可以是以单词、词组或句子的形式出 现； 3. 分清整体与局部的关系；要明白 XX 作 XX 的(成分)；如：...作...的宾语； 4. 主、宾、表、同表示名词性质；定语表示形容词性质；状语表副词性质 5. 短语动词，短语名词可当成一个单词来看，不必拆分，所以学习单词时最好以意 群或语块为单位进行； 6. 词性是对单词进行分类，是一个单词的性质; 成分是对句子而言, 一个成分可 以是单词，短语，句子, 是句子中的某一个意群。 1 一．主语 a. 谓语动词前，动作的执行者。 1. English is widely used all over the world. 2. We like English very much. 3. They often speak English after class. 4. One third of the students in our class are good at English. 5. To master a foreign language is necessary. =It is necessary to master a foreign language. 6. To swim in summer is a great pleasure. =It is a great pleasure to swim in summer. 7. Playing football in the street is dangerous. 8. Learning new words is very useful to me. 9. What he said is true.10. Why he failed the English exam wasn’t clear. 2 二．谓语 a. 主语所做的动作或具有的状态。 b. 可以由连系动词(be, become,　smell…), 及物动词(vt,后须带宾语), 不及物动词(vi,后不直接带宾语),　情态动词(must, may, can…)加动词 原形及短语动词来充当； c. 谓语动词的时态与语态； d. 不作谓语的动词称为非谓语动词，动词作其它成分。 1. He looked a bit excited. 2. They have been here for several days. 3. Li Ming fell ill last week. 4. The foreign guests have already left. 5. My sister teaches in a middle school. 6. They have five English lessons every week. 7. I have not finished my work yet. 8. I must learn to speak English. 9. Old people should be taken good care of. 10. We are looking forward to hearing from you. 11. We are going to call on him tonight.12. Tom fell off the bike yesterday and hurt himself. 3 三．表语 a. 放在连系动词后,表示主语的内容、状态和特征等。 1. The food smells good/nice. 2. The country music is becoming more and more popular. 3. Mr. King is our teacher of English. 4. Beijing is the capital of China. 5. She was the first to learn about it. 6. This English-Chinese dictionary is hers. 7. The door remained open. 8. The speech is exciting. His hobby is learning English. 9. The teacher was pleased with my spoken English. 10. My wish is to become a scientist. 11. We are against/ for the plan. 12. My idea is that we should stick to our plan. 4 四．宾语 a. 动作的对象，位于及物动词后。介词后作介词宾语。b. ...作...的宾语。 1. He is going to buy a dictionary. 2. I need three pieces of paper. 3. We are thinking about the plan. 4. We should learn from him. 5. We should respect the old and love the young. 6. Mr. Wang practices speaking English every day. 7. She is considering studying abroad. 8. I hope to see you soon again. 9. Kate has decided not to go to the party this evening. 10. I think it our duty that we should protect the environment. 11. Do you understand what I said? 12. I don’t know whether she likes the bag. 5 五．定语 a. 用来限定，修饰名词或代词。要注意定语后置的情况。 b. ...限定...(名、代)。 1. Hangzhou is a beautiful city 2. More than thirty students in our class have read the book. 3. His rapid progress in English made us surprised.4. You should follow the doctor’s advice and do more exercises. 5. There are over sixty women teachers in our school. 6. Have you got anything to say? I have lots of work to do. 7. Who is the girl in red/ under the tree/ speaking at the meeting? 8. He is reading an article about how to learn English. 9. The bridge built 100 years ago is being repaired. 10. The man in the room below is friendly. 11. He is a teacher whom every student likes. 12. I still remember the day when I first met her. 　 定语后置的情况: 1. 介词短语作定语 the students in our class/ the boy under the tree 2. doing/done/to do 短语作定语 the bridge built 100 years ago / the language spoken there something to do 3. 形容词修饰不定代词 any-, every-, no-, some- 和 -body,-one, -thing 等 something interesting/new 4. here/ there/ above/ below/concerned （相关的） / present/ people there/ the picture above/ people concerned people present 5. 形容词短语作定语 the basket full of fruits a place worth a visit 6. 定语从句 7. 两个形容词用 and 或 or 连接作定语，进一步说明作用时。 people, young or old 找一找下面句子中折后置定语。 1. He did everything possible to help us. 2. There is something wrong with the computer. 3. They are the boys easiest to teach. 4. Students brave enough to take this adventure course will certainly learn a lot of useful skills. 5. Power stations, large and small, have been set up all over the country. 6. The basket full of fruits belongs to the beautiful girl. 7. Every book, new or old , should be put in the room. 8. The Smiths need a car garage twice larger than this one. 9. The professors present at the meeting came from Shandong University. 10. A car worth $ 80,000 is not too dear for him to buy. 11. People in the village, young and old, went to see the film yesterday evening. 12. They produced gases almost as harmful as the gases from the factories. 13. There was an ancient tree 30 metres high. 14. People aware of their own shortcomings are wise. 6 六．状语 a. 用来修饰动词,形容词,副词或整个句子； b. 说明时间,地点,条件,原因,目的,结果,程度,伴随等情况。 1. Light travels most quickly. He drives his car carefully. 2. He has lived in the city (since ten years ago). 3. Factories and buildings are seen here and there. 4. He is proud to have passed the English exam. 5. To buy a computer, I need money. 6. I will do what I can to help you. 7. Not knowing what to do, he decided to ask Mary for advice. 8. He entered the room, with a book in his hand. 9. Encouraged by the teacher, I made up my mind to learn English well.10. The road is fifty kilometers long and ten miles wide. 11. I must work harder so that I may catch up with him. 12. When it rains, I usually go to school by bus. 7 七．宾语补足语 a. 有些宾语后须跟宾补,否则句子意义不完整,用来说明宾语的状态或特 征。 1. His father named/called him Xiao Ming. 2. We consider Mr. Smith an excellent teacher. 3. They painted the wall white. 4. We find English interesting. 5. I kept her waiting outside the office. 6. I heard her singing an English song. 7. He will have his bike repaired. 8. We found everything in the room in good order. 9. Let the fresh air in. 10. The teacher encouraged us to work hard at English. 11. We saw him cross the street. 12. We will soon make our city what your city is now. 8八．同位语 a. 用来对名词或代词的进一步解释,可由单词,短语或从句来充当; b. 可以理解为：名语 A=名词 B, B 作为 A 的同位语。 1. Beijing, the capital of China, is my hometown. 2. Mr. White, our English teacher, is very kind to us. 3. The youngest boy, Peter, refused to accept the money. 4. Football, his only interest in life, has brought him many friends. 5. We all went to the cinema yesterday evening. 6. They each brought food and drink. 7. I am looking for a job driving cars. 8. The news that they have won the game is true. 9. The question whether we should go on with the work hasn’t been discussed. 10. He gave the order that the work should be started at once.