1
2019-2020 学年上师大附中高三下英语阶段测试
II. Grammar and Vocabulary
Section A
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically
correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other
blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
Voice for the Planet
It's the voice you notice first. In person, David Attenborough speaks in the same awestruck hush he has used in
dozens of nature documentaries, a crisp half whisper (21) ________ is often imitated but seldom matched. Sitting in
his home in the Richmond neighbourhood of west London for one in a series of conversations, I feel obliged to drink
(22) ________ second cup of tea when he offers. It somehow seems wrong to say no.
In his native U. K. Attenborough is held in the kind of respect usually (23) ________ (reserve) for royalty. Over
decades - first as a television executive, then as a wildlife filmmaker and recently as a kind of elder statesman for the
planet -- he has achieved near saintly（圣人的）status. He was knighted（封为骑士）by the Queen in 1985 and (24)
________ (usually refer) to as Sir David.
Attenborough pioneered a style of wildlife film-making that brought viewers to remote landscapes and gave
them a close perspective on the wonders of nature. In the autumn of his life, Attenborough has largely moved away
from (25) ________ these films are made but lends his storytelling abilities to wildlife documentaries in collaboration
with filmmakers his storytelling abilities to wildlife documentaries in collaboration with filmmakers he has mentored.
His most famous work, the 2006 BBC series Planet Earth, set a benchmark in the use of high-definition cameras and
had a budget equal to (26) ________ of a Hollywood movie. Among its highlights (27) ________ (be) the first
footage of a snow leopard, the impossibly rare Asian wildcat that hunts high in the Himalayas. More than a decade
(28) ________ it was first released, Planet Earth remains among the all-time best-selling nonfiction DVDs.
Now Attenborough is putting his voice and the weight of authority he has accumulated to greater moral purpose.
In recent months he has stood (29) ________ ________ ________ powerful audiences at the 2018 U. N. climate talks
in Katowice, Poland, and the 2019 World Economic Forum at Davos, in Switzerland, to urge them into action on
climate change. These kinds of event are not his chosen habitat, Attenborough tells TIME. "I would much prefer not
to be a sign- (30) ________ (carry) conservationist. My life is the natural world. But I can't not carry a placard（标
语牌）if I see what's happening."2
Section B
Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that
there is one word more than you need.
A. options B. push C. preferred D. futuristic E. orderly F. AI-based
G. engaging H. securely I. loyalty J. implemented K. foolproof
Speeding Into the Future With Biometrics
Imagine checking in for a flight by simply walking onto the plane. Or buying groceries with a nod of your head,
or withdrawing funds from a ATM with a single glance. Thanks to biometric technology - which uses voice, face,
fingerprint, or other physical or behavioral characteristic recognition to __31__ verify an individual's identity -- those
scenarios are not far from becoming reality.
Rapid user identification and more intuitive（简便的）shopping __32__ are just a couple of the emerging
capabilities of biometrics, which is ready to blossom into a $ 59.31 billion global industry by 2025, according to
Grand View Research. Whether it's providing better ways to fight fraud or delivering smarter customer service, the
biometrics industry is expanding the __33__ applications of the technology and transforming human interactions
across business and government.
Tools that enable voice recognition, iris recognition, and other methods of identification offer faster and more
__34__ ways to access electronic devices or physical locations by creating unique identifiers such as "voice-prints"
and "eye-prints" that can't be faked. They also allow users to maintain consistent digital identities wherever they go.
Millions of smart-phone and tablet users already rely on finger-print scanners and facial recognition systems to
unlock or manipulate their devices, but more sophisticated solutions are being __35__ or are in development across
a variety of industries.
"The future of business lies in highly intelligent and automated transactions and smart, faultless customer
interactions," says Brett Beranek, general manager of security and biometrics at Nuance Communications. "Among
today's fastest-growing trends, the __36__ toward more nautral and personalized exchanges is quickly making
biometrics a go-to technology for firms all around the world, including Fortune 500 leaders."
Nuance has been developing its __37__ biometrics technologies over the past two decades. Its tools go beyond
identifying simple characteristics, such as the sound of an individual's voice, to learning speaking, typing, and
behavioral patterns and memorizing __38__ vocabulary. Such capabilities allow the technologies to recognize when
someone is trying to impersonate a customer on the phone or during digital transactions, stopping fraud in its tracks. 3
Nuance's technology is not only capable of identifying who is __39__ with it, but also what the user is likely
looking for, enabling personalized interactions from the moments they begin. This friction-less experience can be a
competitive advantage - driving __40__ and improving customer satisfaction.
III. Reading Comprehensions
Section A
Directions: For each blank in the following passage, there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in
each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
Friendly Laughter
Most people can share a laugh with a total stranger. But there are subtle - and __41__ -- differences in our
laughs with friends.
Greg Bryant, a cognitive scientist at the University of California, Los Angeles, and his colleagues previously
found that adults from 24 societies around the world can distinguish simultaneous "co-laughter" between friends
from that between strangers. The findings suggested that his ability may be __42__ used to help read social
interactions. So the researchers wondered: Can babies distinguish such laughter, too?
Bryant and his fellow researcher Athena Vouloumanos, a developmental psychologist at New York
University, played recording of co-laughter between __43__ of either friends or strangers to 24 five-month-old
infants in New York City. The babies listened __44__ to the laughs shared between buddies - suggesting they could
tell the two types apart, according to a study published in March in Scientific Reports.
The researchers then showed the babies short videos of two people acting either like friends or strangers and
paired those with the __45__ recordings. The babies stared for longer at clips paired with a mismatched recording -
for example, if they saw friends __46__ but heard strangers laughing.
"There's something about co-laughter that is giving __47__ to even a five-month-old about the social
relationship between the individuals," Bryant says. Exactly what components of laughter the infants are detecting
remains to be seen, but prior work by Bryant's team provides __48__. Laughs between friends tend to include
greater variations in pitch and __49__, for example.
Such characteristics also distinguish __50__ laughs from fake ones. Many scientists think heartfelt laughter
most likely __51__ from play vocalizations, which are also produced by nonhuman primates, rodens and other
mammals. Fake laughter probably emerged later in humans, __52__ that ability to produce a wide range of speech
sounds. The researchers suggest that we may be __53__ to spontaneous（自发的）laughter during development 4
because of its long evolutionary history.
It's really cool to see how early infants are distinguishing between different forms of laughter," says Adrienne
Wood, a psychologist at the University of Virginia, who was not involved in the study. "Almost every __54__
moment is a social interaction for babies. Therefore it __55__ that they are becoming very much accustomed to
their social worlds."
41. A. distinct B. invisible C. detectable D. conscious
42. A. universally B. apparently C. fairly D. precisely
43. A. groups B. pairs C. rivals D. partners
44. A. shorter B. longer C. less patiently D. more diligently
45. A. friendly B. strange C. visual D. audio
46. A. interacting B. reflecting C. clubbing D. interpreting
47. A. value B. meaning C. information D. friendship
48. A. accounts B. implications C. routes D. hints
49. A. engagement B. frequency C. intensity D. length
50. A. obliged B. involuntary C. encouraged D. internal
51. A. evolved B. heaped C. sprang D. originated
52. A. apart from B. along with C. as against D. ahead of
53. A. available B. crucial C. sensitive D. neutral
54. A. screaming B. kicking C. shifting D. waking
55. A. turns out B. comes true C. rings hollow D. makes sense
Section B
Directions: Read the following two passage. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished
statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according
to the information given in the passage you have just read.
(A)
These days, nobody needs to cook. Families graze on high-cholesterol（胆固醇）take-aways and
microwaved ready-meals. Cooking is an occasional hobby and a vehicle for celebrity chefs, which makes it odd
that the kitchen has become the heart of the modern house. What the great hall was to the medieval castle, the
kitchen is to the 21st - century home. 5
The money spent on kitchens has risen with their status. In America the kitchen market is now worth $ 170
billion, five times the country's film industry. In the year to August 2007, the Swedish furniture chain IKEA sold
over one million kitchens worldwide. The average budget for a "major" kitchen overhaul in 2006, calculates
Remodeling magazine, was a staggering $ 54,000, even a "minor" improvement cost on average $ 18,000.
Exclusivity, more familiar in the world of high fashion, has reached the kitchen: Robinson & Cornish, a
British manufacturer of custom-made-kitchens, offers a Georgian-style one, which would cost 145,000 to 155,000
pounds -- excluding building, plumbing and electrical work. Its big selling point is that nobody else will have it:
"You won't see this kitchen anywhere else in the word."
The elevation of the room that once belonged only to the servants for the modern family tells the story of a
century of social change. Right into the early 20th century, kitchens were smoky, noisy places, generally located
underground, or to the back of the house, as far from living space as possible. That was as it should be: kitchens
were for servants, and the aspiring middle classes wanted nothing to do with them.
But as the working classes prospered and the servant shortage set in, housekeeping became a matter of interest
to the educated classes. One of the pioneers of a radical new way of thinking about the kitchen was Catharine
Esther Beecher, sister of Harriet Beecher Stowe. In American Human's Home, published in 1869, the Beecher
sisters recommended a scientific approach to household management, designed to enhance the efficiency of a
woman's work and promote order. Many contemporary ideas about kitchen design can be traced back to another
American, Chris Frederick, who set about enhancing the efficiency of the housewife. Her 1919 work, House-
Engineering: Scientific Management in the Home, was based on detailed observation of a wife's daily routine. She
borrowed the principle of efficiency on the factory floor and applied mystic tasks on the kitchen floor.
Frederick's central idea, that "stove, sink and kitchen table must be placed in such a relation that useless steps
are avoided entirely," inspired the first fully fitted kitchen, designed in the 1920s by Mangarete Schutter Libotsky.
It was a modernist triumph, and many elements remain central features of today's kitchen.
56. What does the author say about the kitchen of today?
A. It is where housewives display their cooking skills.
B. It is where the family entertains important guests.
C. It has become something odd a modern house.
D. It is regarded as the center of a modern home.
57. Why does the Georgian-style kitchen sell at a very high price?
A. It is believed to have tremendous artistic value. 6
B. There will be no kitchen exactly the same anywhere.
C. It is manufactured by a famous British company.
D. No other manufacturer can produce anything like it.
58. What was the Beecher sisters' idea of a kitchen?
A. A place where women could work more efficiently.
B. A place where high technology could be applied.
C. A place of interest to the educated people.
D. A place to experiment with new ideas.
59. What do we learn about today's kitchen?
A. It represents the rapid technological advance in people's daily life.
B. Many of its central features are no different from those of the 1920s.
C. It has been transformed beyond recognition.
D. Many of its functions have changed greatly.
(B)
Occupational Licenses with the Biggest Bang for Buck
Some 1.8 million American were laid off or discharged from their jobs each month on average in 2019,
according to data from the U. S. Bureau of Labor statistics. People who lose their jobs often confront a difficult
choice: should they take a new job that pays less, or should they make a costly investment in gaining new skills so
that they can compete for another similar job or an even better one?
If they do decide on retraining ,which programs and occupational licenses are worth their while? In general,
the highest-paying jobs tend to have the most difficult education/ training and experience requirements. But that is
not always the case. The following are five occupational licenses with the biggest bang for your buck.
Drone Pilots: If you want to become a drone pilot, all you need to do is be above 16 years old, pass the
Federal Aviation Administration's Remote Pilot Certificate exam (which requires about 15 to 20 hours of studying),
and pay a $ 150 licensing fee. Pay for drone pilots averages $ 56,426 per year, and jobs are growing rapidly across
a range of industries. For example, companies like UPS are making substantial investments in drone delivery and
will need to hire thousands of drone pilots in the coming years.
Home Inspectors: If you need a job that makes about $ 60K per year, you might want to consider becoming a
Home Inspector. Both Home Inspectors and HVAC Contractors earn about $ 61K per year, on average, but getting 7
a state HVAC Contractor license typically requires about 4,000 hours of training and experience (those systems are
becoming even more complex), whereas a Home Inspector license only requires 360 hours of training and
experience, and much of the training can be gained free of charge on the job.
Massage Therapists: On average, Manicurists/Pedicurists are required to complete more hours of training
than Massage Therapists (700 hours versus 500 hours), but Massage Therapists earn almost twice as much, on
average ($54,639 versus $ 32,509).
Radiologic Technologists: Licensing requirements for cosmetologists（美容师）have become so onerous that
candidates now need 2,700 hours of training and experience on average. That's not much less than the requirement
for becoming a Radiologic or MRI Technologist (3,300 hours), a job which is growing considerably faster than
average, is more recession - proof, and pays twice as much ($ 56,162 versus $ 28,608).
Dental Hygienists: Among jobs that require a two-year associate's degree granted by a college or university,
some pay substantially more than others. The average state licensing fee for becoming a Dental Hygienist is a hefty
$ 1,600, but the pay bump you'll receive will likely make up for it ten times over in the first year.
60. The underlined expression "the biggest bang for your buck" in Paragraph 2 probably means ________.
A. the job loss for your hesitation to invest
B. a good income resulting from your skills
C. a good return for the money you have spent
D. the great efforts you'd make to change your life.
61. Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?
A. Among the drone operators, those who work for delivery services can earn the most.
B. Compared to a home inspector, being an HVAC Contractor is more cost-effective.
C. As an MRI technologist, you'd be less likely to be jobless during an economic crisis.
D. Higher education isn't a compulsory requirement if you want to be a dental hygienist.
62. Which of the following matching for the chart is correct according to the passage?
A. ① Radiologic Technologist; ② Cosmetologist; ③General Contractor
B. ① Drone Pilot; ② General Contractor; ③ Dental Hygienists
C. ① Message Therapist; ② Radiologic Technologist; ③ Cosmetologist
D. ① Drone Piolt; ② Cosmetologist; ③ Radiologic Technologist8
(C)
I have been wondering lately why I should teach my newborn son English. Everyone I know speaks English,
but would Peter be better off learning a more sensible, mellifluous（流畅的）language, like maybe Italian? It is, I
admit, a stupid question. But stupid questions can contain the seeds of great insights. This particular stupid question
leads to the frontier of economic theory, as well as to the intellectual foundation for the government's antitrust（反
垄断）case against Microsoft.
Why are American children taught English? The answer is that everyone learns English because everyone else
learns it. In this respect, language is a perfect example of what economic theorists call a network. In a network, the
benefit one person gets from using some good - in this case, English -- depends on the number of other people
using it.
Networks fascinate economic theorists because they don't fit nearby into the standard model of how markets
work. In most cases, economists are defenders of free markets. People left to their own devices, we argue, will
typically achieve an outcome that is good society as a whole - the vaunted（被大肆吹捧的）invisible hand.
In the case of networks, however, this logic doesn't seem to work. It is easy to imagine that people might get
stuck with a network that, once established, is hard to replace. Parents deciding what language to teach their
children, for instance, don't really have much choice. How else can we explain why the Chinese keep speaking
Chinese when less complicated languages are available?
For a while supporters of the new economics of networks pointed to what seemed to be a compelling example
of the problem - the QWERTY keyboard. As the story goes, this arrangement of letters was originally designed to
prevent typists from jamming the keys on early typewriters. Despite the availability of superior designs and the fact 9
that jamming keys is no longer an issue, QWERTY remains the standard. This, theorists argued, was a network-
driven market failure: People still type on this inefficient keyboard just because that's what everybody else does.
This debate over networks, keyboards, and market failure might seem like arcana（奥秘）only economists
can love, but it is having a profound influence on public policy. Many academics who have written about the theory
of networks have worked for the Justice Department and other federal agencies. A frequent claim is that computer
operating system are like languages: Once a standard becomes dominant, it is practically impossible for anyone to
consider an alternative, even a better one. The only difference between English and Windows, the argument goes, is
that English is free.
63. Which of the following examples best illustrates the idea "network" mentioned in the passage?
A. Microsoft limits reasonable competition through its aggressive pricing mechanism.
B. Some scholars speak out against the fundamental economic theory in a journal.
C. Peter chooses to learn Italian for the purpose of an early promotion in his company.
D. Families sit together to watch the Spring Festival Gala on New Year's Eve.
64. The underlined phrase "this logic" in Paragraph 4 refers to the idea that ________.
A. networks don't fit into the standard model of how markets work
B. less governmental intervention is good for society
C. what language we learn depends on the environment we live in
D. the market wouldn't operate properly without the "invisible hand"
65. What can we infer from the passage?
A. Free market contributes most to a prosperous economy.
B. The QWERTY keyboard reflects a network failure in business.
C. Convenience gave way to efficiency in the design of the keyboard.
D. Personal preferences may well be determined by how others act.
66. Which of the following can be the best title for this passage?
A. The Dominance of Microsoft Is to Blame
B. Networks Make Substitutes Impossible
C. The Language We Use Depends on Networks
D. Policy-making Is Subject to Public Opinions
Section C10
Directions: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can
be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
A. There is no doubt that my theory was a great breakthrough then.
B. Instead, it came from intuition and inspiration
C. For Einstein, it was the humanities that mainly contributed to his achieve-ments.
D. Einstein also owed his scientific insight and intuition mainly to music.
E. My new discovery is the result of musical perception.
F. Einstein himself worked intuitively and expressed himself logically.
Einstein's Opinions on Creative Thinking
"The greatest scientists are artists as well," said Albert Einstein, one of the greatest physicists and an amateur
pianist and violinist.
For Einstein, insight did not come from logic or mathematics. ___67___ As he told one friend, "When I
examine myself and my methods of thought. I find that the gift of imagination has meant more to me than any
talent for absorbing absolute knowledge. All great achievements of science must start from intuitive knowledge.
Imagination is more important than knowledge.
But how did art differ from science for Einstein? Surprisingly, it wasn't the content of an idea, or its subject,
that determined whether something was art or science, but how the idea was expressed. If what is seen and
experienced is described in the language of logic, then it is science. If it is communicated and recognized
intuitively, then it is art. ___68___ That's why he said that great scientists were also artists. Einstein first described
his intuitive thought processes at a physics conference in Kyoto in 1922 when he indicated that he used images and
feelings to solve his problems and found words, logical symbols or mathematical equations later.
____69____ "If I were not a physicist," he once said, "I would probably be a musician. I often think in music
and I see my life in terms of music. I get most joy in life out of music. Whenever I feel that I have come to the end
of the road or into a difficult situation in my work. I would bury myself in music, and that would usually solve all
my difficulties."
Music provided Einstein with a connection between time and space which both combine spatial and structural
aspects. "The theory of relativity occurred to me my intuition and music is the driving force behind this intuition",
said Einstein. "My parents had me study the violin from the time I was six. ____70____. "
IV. Summary Writing 11
Directions: Read the following three passages. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no
more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
Should You Disinfect Your Online Shopping?
People who are self-isolating are increasingly relying on grocery deliveries. This raises a new worry: whether
delivered goods carry the new coronavirus. Research suggests it can spread via particles in the air, but also via
surfaces. How long can the virus survive and how can we protect ourselves?
COVID-19 is a respiratory（呼吸道的）illness and is largely transmitted via drops in the air from coughing or
sneezing, says John Lednicky at the University of Florida. The new virus has also been found to persist on surfaces.
A team led by Vincent Munster at the US National Institute of persist on surfaces. A team led by Vincent Munster at
the US National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases in Montana found it may survive on plastic and stainless
steel for up to 72 hours.
But other research suggests the coronaviruses that cause SARS and MERS can persist on metal, glass and plastic
for up to nine days. Research by the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention suggested that traces of the new
coronavirus could be on surfaces for even longer; its RNA was detected in cabins of people who had vacated the
Diamond Princess cruise ship 17 days earlier, including those without symptoms.
This doesn't necessarily mean these virus particles could still infect other people, says Lednicky. How long virus
particles remain active depends on various factors. Those coughed or sneezed out may be covered in a layer of mucus
（黏液）that helps them survive longer. Surface survival may also be affected by UV light, which can destroy the
ability of some viruses to reinfect us. Heat and higher humidity can also inactivate viruses.
Is it worth trying to disinfect your shopping? Lednicky doesn't think so. Most household cleaning products won't
kill coronaviruses, he says. Even if you use one that does, you're unlikely to be able to clean every nook and cranny
of, for example, a bunch of grapes. It is more practical to practise social distancing and good personal hygiene, he
says.
V. Translation
Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.
72. 这事他越想越不对劲。(The more ... )
73. 只需用上几个收纳小妙招，你就能拥有双倍的书房空间。(take)
74. 销售主管工作虽忙，但上周末带着太太和孩子去了郊野公园，享受自然和家庭时光。(as)
75. 危机时刻，我们要摒弃成见、同心协力，坚信人类的勇气、智慧和创造力无可限量。(there be)12
VI. Guided Writing
Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
假设你是明启中学的学生张华，你们学校暑假里将有英国姐妹学校的交流生来访，你主动申请接待其中一
位。学校目前推荐了四项活动：看电影、吃中餐、参加一项学生校外社团活动（自定）、参观一个上海的景
点（自定）。请向负责老师写一份申请信。
内容包括：
1. 你的“活动计划”（从上述四个选项中任选两样）；
2. 你的理由。
KEYS:21-30: that/which; a ; reserved; is usually referred ;where; that; was; after; in front of; carrying
31-40：HADKJ BFCGI
41-45 CABBD ACDCB ABCDD
56-59 DBAB 60-62: CCD 63-66: DBDB 67-70:BFDE
During the coronavirus outbreak, many people wonder if they should disinfect
grocery deliveries. Research indicates that COVID-19 is mainly spread through air
particles. Even though the coronavirus may survive long on surfaces, many factors
including UV light and heat can affect its survival. Killing the virus with household
products is also impractical, so disinfecting deliveries is not advisable
72. The more he thinks about it, the less he
feels it is right
73. A few clever storage solutions/tricks can be all/what it takes to double the space of
your study
或者 It takes just a few clever storage solutions/tricks to double the space of your
study
74. Busy as he is, the sales executive took his
wife and children to the country park last
weekend to enjoy nature and family time
75. At a time of/In times of crisis, we need to
abandon prejudice, be united and hold a
strong/firm belief that there is no limit to
human courage, Wisdom and creativity
微信/支付宝扫码支付