高考英语阅读技巧讲解＋实战训练3-记叙文

抓住情节，攻克记叙文 记叙文剖析 记叙文讲述的是发生在当前或过去或将来事情的经过，包括人物的故事情节。文章内容涉及 交代何人、何时、何地、为什么、怎么样、做了什么等等。这是我们在阅读记叙文时要首先 了解的，接着按照线索弄清事情的来龙去脉，就能理解整个故事。值得注意的是：记叙文的 叙事顺序有顺叙、倒叙和插叙三种。 ★ 顺叙，即记叙的时候按照事情发生、发展、和结局的顺序来写,前因后果、条理很清楚； ★ 倒叙，即不按照事情发生的先后顺序来叙述，而是从最重要，最能引人入胜的事件开始， 然后再回过头来追述故事的开端和经过； ★ 插叙，即在记叙过程中，需要插入另一些有关的情节，再接着叙述后来的事情。 另外，讲故事必定有其目的或证明某一理论，或阐明某一概念，或赞美某种美德，或谴责某 种罪恶等等。我们在阅读时要通过作者对重要细节的描写，联系故事情节去领会作者的意图， 对作者重墨泼就的细节描写要重点关注。 总之，读记叙文的关键是抓情节。抓住了故事的情节，就能理清文章的脉络，其它的就迎刃 而解了。 记叙文命题特点 记叙文的内容便是利用时间、地点、人物、事件等因素来描述整个故事。文章的主旨往往没 有在文章中直接表现，需要学生进一步去思考蕴含在文章中的深刻含义。学生需要通过人物、 事件来提炼文章中心主旨。一般记叙文都是相当有条理的，能够清晰、有顺序地表述事件。 学生需要快速地在文章中找到主要任务、地点、事件等，揣摩文章意图。 一般来说，英语阅读理解中的记叙文主要分为两种。 ★“人物传记”类记叙文 注重形容词、外表和心理描写，主旨便是突出人物的性格特点。 ★“叙事”类记叙文 主要是利用事件发生的顺序为线索。 记叙文解题策略 ★“人物传记”类记叙文解题策略 人物传记是高中记叙文考试中常遇到的体裁形式。针对人物传记，学生应该重视文中人物学 习以及工作情况的描写，并且理顺人物出生到死亡的顺序。针对人物不同年龄阶段做过的事 情、说过的话进行理解。主要是针对人物描写时间顺序、生活背景、实践经历、名人名言几个要素进行认知。 ★“叙事”类记叙文解题策略 想要有效地解决英语记叙文阅读中的问题，就必须要理清事件发展的顺序以及人物之间的关 系。把握记叙文的题材，理清作者想要表达的主要意图。有重点地把握人物特征，了解整个 事情的来龙去脉，正确地认识文章的结构以及文章题材倾向。针对叙事为主的记叙文，学生 应该注意： ☛ 记叙的要素（who、when、where、what、why、how） ☛ 叙述的人称（第一人称/第三人称） ☛ 记叙的顺序或方法（顺叙、倒叙和插叙） ☛ 叙述的线索 （以时间为线索；以地点为线索；以事件发展的过程为线索；以事物的象征 意义为线索；以人物的思想行为及认知的过程为线索） 记叙文片段体验 Kieron Williamson, a seven-year-old British boy, is being recognized as an art genius after selling 16 paintings for 18, 000 pounds in just 14 minutes. This boy has artistic skills that would be the envy of any serious painter and drawn comparisons to Pablo Picasso, a child prodigy（神童）who became one of the most recognized artists of the 20th century. All this talent, money and high praise could so easily go to a young boy's head, but Kieron said his friends keep him grounded. "Some of them want to be as good as me and some of them think... Umm, 'you are not too special', " he said. Kieron's favourite painter is British artist Edward Seago and he has spent some of his earnings buying a work by his hero. The rest is being invested by his parents until he reaches 25. Kieron's parents and his younger sister Anna don't see him as anything other than a normal seven-year-old boy who likes to tear around the house and who's mad about football. But for now, with so much still to learn, there's only one thing he wants to be when he grows up. He said, "I think I'll definitely be an artist. " 此片段主要是针对天才艺术家“Kieron Williamson 的人物传记，主要是介绍他从 5 岁开始发 掘自身的艺术天赋，虽然受到很多人崇仰，但还是脚踏实地的做一名画家的故事。 In Kieron Williamson's friends' opinion, he ________. A. is famous but a little proud B. isn't very special from other children C. isn't worth praising at all D. is hard to get along with 答案:C 原文提示为"All this talent money and high praise could so easily go to a young boy's head but Kieron said his friends keep him grounded." 主要考查了学生对 Kieron 成名时态度的把 握，以及对 Kieron 说的话进行了解。通过他出名时说的话，可以推论出在他朋友眼里真实的“Kieron”。认真把握人物的语言行为，往往记叙文都不会直接地给出答案，还需要学生针 对原文提示进行详细的思考以及联想。 It can be inferred from the last paragraph that ________. A. Edward Seago thinks highly of Kieron's painting B. Kieron likes doing sports and painting instead of studying C. Kieron's family is very poor D. Kieron wants to be a great painter 答案: D 原文提示为: "But for now, with so much still to learn, there's only one thing he wants to be when he grows up. He said, "I think I'll definitely be an artist." 这一题主要是考查学生对最后 一段 Kieron 成名后的把握，虽然涉及到了很多混淆的答案，但是最主要的便是考查学生对 于文章主旨的理解。虽然涉及到了“Edward Seago thinks highly of Kieron's painting.”但是 其主旨内容是“Kieron 对于外界的仰慕不骄傲，只想脚踏实地的学习成为一名画家”这种 主体思想。 记叙文阅读解析 That cold January night, I was growing sick of my life in San Francisco. There I was, walking home at one in the morning after a tiring practice at the theater. With opening night only a week ago, I was still learning my lines. I was having trouble dealing with my part-time job at the bank and my acting at night at the same time. As I walked, I thought seriously about giving up both acting and San Francisco. City life had become too much for me. As I walked down empty streets under tall buildings, I felt very small and cold. I began running, both to keep warm and to keep away from any possible robbers (抢劫犯). Very few people were still out except a few sad-looking homeless people under blankets. About a block from my apartment (公寓房间), I heard a sound behind me. I turned quickly, half expecting to see someone with a knife or a gun. The street was empty. All I saw was a shining streetlight. Still, the noise had made me nervous, so I started to run faster. Not until I reached my apartment building and unlocked the door did I realize what the noise had been. It had been my wallet falling to the sidewalk. Suddenly I wasn't cold or tired anymore. I ran out of the door and back to where I'd heard the noise. Although I searched the sidewalk anxiously for fifteen minutes, my wallet was nowhere to be found. Just as I was about to give up the search, I heard the garbage truck (垃圾车) pull up to the sidewalk next to me. When a voice called from the inside, "Alisa Camacho?" I thought I was dreaming. How could this man know my name? the door opened, and out jumped a small red-haired man with an amused look in his eye. "Is this what you're looking for?" he asked, holding up a small square shape. It was nearly 3 am by the time I got into bed. I wouldn't get much sleep that night, but I had gotten my wallet back. I also had gotten back some enjoyment of city life. I realized that the city couldn't be a bad place as long as people were willing to help each other. 题干 1. How did the writer feel when she was walking home after work? （人物心理状态） A. Cold and sick B. Fortunate and helpful C. Satisfied and cheerful D. Disappointed and helpless 2. On her way home, the writer _______. （事情发展过程） A. lost her wallet unknowingly B. was stopped by a garbage truck driver C. was robbed of her wallet by an armed man D. found some homeless people following her 3. In the fifth paragraph, why did the writer say she was dreaming ? （人物思想状态） A. Someone offered to take her back home. B. A red-haired man came to see her. C. She heard someone call her name. D. Her wallet was found in a garbage truck. 4. From the text, we can infer that the writer _______. （思考故事结果） A. would stop working at night B. would stay on in San Francisco C. would make friends with cleaners D. would give up her job at the bank. 本篇是叙事类记叙文，其中的重要信息有： 1. 记叙的对象 “我”的钱包失而复得，从而使“我”由厌烦城市生活到想法发生改变。 2. 记叙的要素（人物、事件、时间、地点、原因和结果） 时间：That cold January night（第一段） 地点：empty streets under tall buildings（第二段） 人物：I（第一段） 事件：I had gotten my wallet back.（最后一段） 结果：I realized that the city couldn't be a bad place as long as people were welling to help each other.（最后一段） 3. 叙述的人称（第一人称/第三人称）本文用了第三人称叙述这个故事。 4. 记叙的顺序或方法（顺叙、倒叙和插叙） 本文的记叙顺序：顺序 5. 叙述的线索 （时间、地点、事件发展的过程、事物的象征意义、人物的思想行为及认知 的过程） 本文的记叙方法：以事件发展的过程为线索 解析 1. D 题干问作者下班后，感觉怎么样？其实是在提问心情，给出的选项都是形容词。此时， 定位到文章第一段第一句“That cold January night, I was growing sick of my life in San Francisco. ”和第一段最后一句“As I walked, I thought seriously about giving up both acting and San Francisco. City life had become too much for me.”我们可以看出，作者很低落，充 满了消极情绪，所以选择 D 选项，“失望的”和“无助的”。 2. A 阅读题干可知，本题问的是作者在回家路上发生了什么，所以定位到二、三、四段， 逐一排除 BCD 选项，都属于无中生有，混淆概念。因此，本题应选 A。 3. C 定位到第五段，从“ When a voice called from the inside, "Alisa Camacho?" I thought I was dreaming. How could this man know my name?”这个句子的描写可知，是因为有人喊 她的名字，所以她觉得自己在做梦。故选 C。 4. B 本题属于推理判断题，通过文章最后一段描写的结果，“I wouldn't get much sleep that night, but I had gotten my wallet back. I also had gotten back some enjoyment of city life. I realized that the city couldn't be a bad place as long as people were willing to help each other.”可知，作者对城市生活有了新的积极向上的认识。因此，我们可以推断出，作者会 继续待在旧金山。故选 B。记叙文实战演练 题型: 阅读理解 难度: 准确率: 63.36% 题 1 I was lucky enough to have a chance to study in the United States as an international student from Ukraine when I was fourteen years old. I went to a wonderful school, West Catholic High School, for my freshman year. I remember my first day at that school as if it were yesterday. I was very nervous, and I could feel my heartbeat on the tips of my toes. My main fear was that I would not be able to express myself due to the language barrier. I was trying to have as little communication as I possibly could. And I almost succeeded, until we had to introduce ourselves in front of the class. And the moment the word "international" flew out of my mouth, I was surrounded by thirty people who were asking questions one after another. I remember some of the questions were "Where is Ukraine? Is it a kingdom?" "Do you have McDonald's? Does it taste the same?" and "Say something in your language". It turned out to be the opposite of less communication, but it was so much fun. During the first three months, I certainly experienced a bit of cultural shock. I think Americans are the nicest people I have ever met in my entire life. They always smile and say, "Hi, how are you?" One day, I noticed the students looking at me suspiciously. Finally, my classmate came up to my locker and whispered, "Is that true that you are a princess and that you came to study here so that nobody would recognize you?" At one point, I even had an image of myself wearing a gown (长袍) and waving at the crowd. What? People do have a wild imagination! During my study abroad experience, I saw a totally new world, experienced great culture, met a lot of incredible people and improved my language. This trip inspired me to learn foreign languages. That is one of the reasons why I speak five different languages today. (1)Why was the author afraid on the first day of school? A.Because she was eager to talk with others. B.Because she could not communicate with others well. C.Because she was not good at the subjects in this school. D.Because she couldn't learn a new language without a teacher's help. (2)What happened when the word "international" flew out of the author's mouth? A.Her classmates played a joke on her. B.Her classmates showed interest in her country. C.Her classmates were eager to make friends with her. D.Her classmates tried to know less about the author's hometown. (3)What can we learn from the text? A.The author was a princess from Ukraine. B.The author couldn't adapt to the school environment later. C.The author got lots of benefits through studying abroad.D.The author always told her classmates about her cultural background. 答案 1.答案 B 解析 细节理解题，根据句子 My main fear was that I would not be able to express myself due to the language barrier 可知作者害怕是由于语言障碍无法表达自己，故答案为 B。 2.答案 B 解析 推理判断题，根据句子 I was surrounded by thirty people who were asking questions one after another 可知当作者说出 international，她的同学问了很多关于她家乡的问题，因此， 同学对她的国家感兴趣，故答案为 B。 3.答案 C 解析 主旨大意题，根据最后一段 I saw a totally new world,experienced great culture,met a lot of incredible people and improved my language 可知作者国外学习获得了很多好处，故答案为 C。