江苏高三任务型专项预习复习专项巩固
授课类型
星级
教学目标
授课日期及时段
教学内容
知识梳理
一、问题导入：发挥你的想象力：
（1）人体表皮污垢学及人体表皮处理？ 搓澡
（2）智能高端数字通讯设备表面高分子化合物线性处理： 手机贴膜
（3）人体无用副组织切除手术： 剪指甲、理发
（4）微电脑可控式交变电流驱动旋转去污离心机。 洗衣机
二、任务型阅读解题方法—四读一注意
1. 略读：快速浏览全文，了解文章中心大意并理解文章的结构。
2. 扫读：读图读表，弄清文章机构及脉络。
3. 细读：带着图标中的信息提示，在文中定位信息原始出处，然后判断所填词的类型，通过查找、转换或概括准确
表达相关信息。
4. 复读：复读全文，并检查答案的正确性。注意所填词形和大小写是否符合 要求。要求利用表格或图表横向、纵向
的类别规律和表达方式
5. 注意书写的规范性。任务型阅读为主观性题型，写题时注意规范。字母 a,u,e,l,t,v,r 等大小写易混淆的字母一定刻
意协助您。c,k,l,p,s,u,v,w,x,z 等大小写一样的字母在大写时，可略夸张些。
三、任务型阅读解题流程
通读全文,把
握文章脉络
细读表格,确
定类型
捕捉信息
信息转化
信息综合
返
回
原
文
,
查
找
信
息
边读边圈出与设题有关的信息句和关键词,细心
查找答案,并注意该词的形式—抄录原词通过词性(形)转换,同义词,反义词替换,添加前
(后)缀构成新词.---根据语句结构确定词形
对语句,语段甚至整个语篇所包含的信息进行整
合筛选,归纳整理后进行综合概括—确定用词
流程解读：Collect——Understand——Transform——Paraphrase——Conclude
先表后文，预测文意
寻找出处，对号入座
整合信息，分析归纳→→标题归纳（首末段，高频词）段落归纳（左侧）→句子结构、成分、所有格、主被动转化
判断用词，准确表达→→原文词、归纳词、转换词、同近义词、反义词、释义词
通观全文，复读检查→→→大小写、拼写、单复数（如 concern 和 concerns）、非谓语是否转化、前后对照形式是否
一致。
四、 题型分类指导
1.信息捕捉题(原词再现)
此类题要求能快速在文中查找相关细节,锁定信息来源,并用文章中的词或其适当形式填空.
(1)对于难度不大的，只需结合题目所在句子在原文中找到句意相同的的句子即可。
[典例讲解]
In July 2010 Burt’s Bess, a personal-care products company, was going through enormous change as it began a global
expansion into 19 new countries. In this kind of high-pressure situation, many leaders bother their assistants with frequent
meeting or flood their in-boxes with urgent demands.
Leaders tend to __________ their assistants too often. bother
(2)对于难度较大的，常表现在题目所在句简短而原文所在句很长，或原文和题目所在句都很长。在这两种情况下需
要认真筛选和甄别，锁定原文词汇。
[典例讲解]
In doing so, managers lift everyone’s anxiety level, which activates the part if the brain that processes threats and steals
resources from the prefrontal cortex, which is responsible for the effective problem solving.
Such a management style may result in greater _________ and less productivity in the assistants.
anxiety\worry\concern
2.信息转化题(词形变化)
常见的信息转化题可分为：词形变化，同（反）义词表达。
(1)词形变化
①原文主动—题目中被动
[原文]You must be able to act what you are teaching.
[题目]Act what is being __________. taught
[原文]Another common misunderstanding is that our genetics, our environment, or a combination of the two determines
how happy we are.
[ 题目]It is also misunderstood that how happy we are is ________ by our genetics, environment or a combination of the
two.
decided\determined
②原文被动--题目变为
[原文]Skin color is also affected by vitamin D.
[题目]Vitamin D is another source which _______ skin color. affects
[原文]The chances of infections can be reduced through breastfeeding.
[题目]Breastfeeding _________ the chances of infections in the first hours of life. reduces
③原文中动词—题目中名词
[ 原文]In a more obvious way, communication involves in the sense that a competent communicator considers what the
other person needs and expects when selecting messages to share.
[题目]Needs and _________of others should be considered. expectations
[原文]Many birds migrate twice a year between their summer homes and winter homes.
[题目]Once piece of evidence is the _________ of many birds between their summer homes and winter homes. migration
④原文名词—题目动词
[原文]Thirdly, always work together, take turns, and encourage each other by listening, clarifying, and trusting one another.
Mutual support and trust often make a great difference.
[题目]____________ and trust each other. Support\Encourage
[ 原文]After you’ve completed a task with your team, make an evaluation of the team’s effectiveness—the strengths and
weaknesses, opportunities and challenges.
[题目]____________ effectiveness. Evaluate
⑤原文形容词—题目中名词
[原文]…be responsible for your own learning…
[题目]Take ___________ for one’s own learning. responsibility
[原文]Inspiration is very important to creativity.
[题目]Inspiration is of great __________ to creativity. importance\significance
⑥原文形容词—题目副词
[原文]Take an active part in the discussion.
[题目]Speak________ in group discussion. actively
⑦原文非谓语动词—题目谓语动词
[原文]A format for exchanging information( e.g., photocopies of notes, oral discussion, ect. ) is also important,…
[题目]_____________ your information with others via proper format. Exchange\Share
⑧原文谓语动词—题目非谓语动词
[原文]Creativity can be released by discovery.
[题目]Ways to ___________. release
(2)同义（反义）表达
[原文]To be sure, both factors have an impact. But one’s general sense of well-being is surprisingly unstable. The habits you
form, the way you interact with colleague, how you think about stress—all these can be managed to increase your
happiness and your chances of success..
[题目]A lot of factors have an impact on how happy people are and whether there are _______ of being successful.
chances\opportunities
3.信息综合题（综合概括）
(1)句型转换（不同句式表达同一个意思，用另外句式表达同样的意思）
[原文]A successful apology can turn hate into personal and organizational harmony--while an apology that is too little, too
late, or too obviously strategic can bring on individual and institutional ruin. What, then is to be done? How can leader
decide if and when to apologize publicy?
[题目]Apologies not _________ offered can bring on individual and institutional ruin.
properly\rightly\successfully\appropriately
[原文]You are encouraged to keep records of the sources used by each person, which helps you trace back to the origin of
the problems that may happen unexpectedly.
[题目]Keep records of the resource just in ___________. case
[原文]We are continually picking up meanings from others’ behaviors and we are constantly providing behaviors that have
communicate value for them.
[题目]We are constantly___________ meaning by what we do. conveying\expressing(原文说“我们经常
可以从他人的行为中领会不同的意思”，这与题目中“我们经常通过我们的行为来表达不同的意思”句意相同。)
[原文]Actually the idea of the living compass came just from observing animals in nature.
[题目]_________ on the idea above, the navigating compass was invented. Based(航海指南针的发明是基于上述想法的)
(2)综合概括（准确无误地概括出文章或某段落的主题，在概括的基础上进行推断，归纳，抽象并提炼文章或某段落
的主旨或重要信息，拥有语篇结构解读基础上的信息转换能力。）
[原文]Here are some more suggestions for effective team performance during these activities.
[题目]
(74)____________ ·Understand and agree to the assigned task of one’s own.
·Take turns doing various tasks.
·Show concern for others to ensure safety.
·Take responsibility for one’s own learning
·Compare your own observations with those of others.
答案：suggestions
[原文]Educating women also has a significant impact on health practices, including family planning.
______________ Educating girls in developing countries is important and rewarding.
答案：conclusion
例题精讲
江苏高考题
An Extension of the Human Brain
Other people can help us compensate for our mental and emotional deficiencies ( 欠缺) ，much as a wooden leg can
compensate for a physical deficiency. To be exact, other people can extend our intelligence and help us understand and
adjust our emotions. When another person helps us in such ways, he or she is participating in what I’ve called a “social
prosthetic ( 义肢的）system.” Such systems do not need to operate face-to-face, and it’s clear to me that the Internet is
expanding the range of my own social prosthetic systems. It’s already a big bank of many minds. Even in its current state,
the Internet has extended my memory and judgment.
Regarding memory: Once I look up something on the Internet, I don’t need to keep all the details for future use—I
know where to find that information again and can quickly and easily do so. More generally, the Internet functions as if it
were my memory. This function of the Internet is particularly striking when I’m writing; I’m no longer comfortable writing if
I’m not connected to the Internet. It’s become natural to check facts as I write, taking a minute or two to dip into PubMed,
Wikipedia, or other websites.
Regarding judgment: The Internet has made me smarter in matters small and large. For example, when I’m writing a
textbook, it has become second nature to check a dozen definitions of a key term, which helps me dig into the core and
understand its meaning. But more than that, I now regularly compare my views with those of many others. If I have a “ new
idea,” I now quickly look to see whether somebody else has already thought of it, or something similar—and I then compare
what I think with what others have thought. This certainly makes my own views clearer. Moreover, I can find out whether
my reactions to an event are reasonable enough by reading about those of others on the Internet.
These effects of the Internet have become even more striking since I’ve begun using a smartphone. I now regularly pull
out my phone to check a fact, watch a video, read weibo. Such activities fill the spaces that used to be dead time (such as
waiting for somebody to arrive for a lunch meeting).
But that’s the upside ( 好 处 ).The downside is that in those dead periods I often would let my thoughts flow and
sometimes would have an unexpected insight or idea. Those opportunities are now fewer and farther between.
An Extension of the Human Brain
A prosthetic nature
荫 ●The (71) ▲ can help make up for our mental and emotional deficiencies as a wooden leg can
compensate for a bodily deficiency.
• ●It (72) ▲ in our daily events, extending our intelligence, comprehending our feelings, and
expanding the range of social activities.
• ●On the Internet, we could quickly and easily locate the details, and check facts, without (73) ▲
them in mind.
Wonderful aspects:
memory and judgment
• ●The Internet makes us smarter over (74) ▲ kinds of things. It provides a dozen definitions of a
key term for us to find the (75) ▲ of the matter.
• ●The Internet enables us to exchange ideas with many others to (76) ▲ our claims, and to (77)
▲ our actions.
• ●Smartphones make it easier and more (79) ▲ to check reality, watch video clips, read weibo.
The (78) ▲ sides
of smartphones • ●Smartphones (80) ▲ the possibility for new and insightful minds, and steal away our dead time.
71. Internet 72. participates/joins73. keeping74. all/different/various
75. heart/core76. check 77. judge 78. mixed/two 79. convenient 80. reduce
江苏高考
People select news in expectation of a reward. This reward may be either of two kinds. One is related to what Freud
calls the Pleasure Principle, the other to what he calls the Reality Principle. For want of better names, we shall call these two
classes immediate reward and delayed reward.
In general, the kind of news which may be expected to give immediate reward are news of crime and corruption,
accidents and disasters, sports, social events, and human interest. Delayed reward may be expected from news of public
affairs, economic matters, social problems, science, education, and health.
News of the first kind pays its rewards at once. A reader can enjoy an indirect experience without any of the dangers or
stresses involved. He can tremble wildly at an axe-murder, shake his head sympathetically and safely at a hurricane, identify
himself with the winning team, laugh understandingly at a warm little story of children or dogs.
News of the second kind, however, pays its rewards later. It sometimes requires the reader to tolerate unpleasantness
or annoyance — as, for example, when he reads of the threatening foreign situation, the mounting national debt, rising
taxes, falling market, scarce housing, and cancer. It has a kind of “threat value.” It is read so that the reader may be
informed and prepared. When a reader selects delayed reward news, he pulls himself into the world of surrounding reality
to which he can adapt himself only by hard work. When he selects news of the other kind, he usually withdraws from the
world of threatening reality toward the dream world.
For any individual, of course, the boundaries of these two classes are not stable. For example, a sociologist may read
news of crime as a social problem, rather than for its immediate reward. A coach may read a sports story for its threat
value: he may have to play that team next week. A politician may read an account of his latest successful public meeting,
not for its delayed reward, but very much as his wife reads an account of a party. In any given story of corruption or
disaster, a thoughtful reader may receive not only the immediate reward of indirect experience, but also the delayed
reward of information and preparedness. Therefore, while the division of categories holds in general, an individual’s
tendency may transfer any story from one kind of reading to another, or divide the experience between the two kinds of
reward.
What news stories do you read?
Division of
news stories
● People expect to get (71) ▲ from reading news.
● News stories are roughly divided into two classes.
● Some news will excite their readers instantly while others won’t.
(72)▲of ● News of immediate reward will seemingly take their readers to the
【答 案】
71．rewards/rewarded72．Explanations 73．involvement74．share75．threat76．prepare77．withdraw
78．profession(s)/intention79．adapt80．depends
课后作业
江苏高考题
Quiet Virtue: The Conscientious
The everyday signs of conscientiousness ( 认真尽责) — being punctual, careful in doing work, self-disciplined, and
scrupulous ( 一丝不苟的) in attending to responsibilities — are typical characteristics of the model organizational citizen,
the people who keep things running as they should. They follow the rules, help out, and are concerned about the people
they work with. It’s the conscientious worker who helps newcomers or updates people who return after an absence, who
gets to work on time and never abuses sick leaves, who always gets things done on deadline.
Conscientiousness is a key to success in any field. In studies of job performance, outstanding effectiveness for almost all
jobs, from semi-skilled labor to sales and management, depends on conscientiousness. It is particularly important for
outstanding performance in jobs at the lower levels of an organization: the secretary whose message taking is perfect, the
delivery truck driver who is always on time.
Among sales representatives for a large American car manufacturer, those who were most conscientious had the
largest volume of sales. Conscientiousness also offers a buffer ( 缓冲) against the threat of job loss in today’s constantly
changing market, because employees with this quality are among the most valued. For the sales representatives, their level
very frightening scene without actual (73)▲ .
● Readers will associate themselves closely with what happens in the
news stories and (74)▲similar feelings with those involved.
the two classes
● News of delayed reward will make readers suffer, or present a (75)
▲to them.
● News of delayed reward will induce the reader to (76)▲for the
reality while news of immediate reward will lead the reader to
(77)▲from the reality.
Unstable boundaries
of the two classes
● What readers expect from news stories are largely shaped by their
(78) ▲.
● Serious readers will both get excited over what happens in some
news stories and (79)▲ themselves to the reality.
● Thus, the division, on the whole, (80)▲on the reader.
of conscientiousness mattered almost as much as their sales in determining who stayed on.
There is an air around highly conscientious people that makes them seem even better than they actually are. Their
reputation for dependability influences managers’ evaluations of their work, giving them higher evaluations than objective
measures of their performance would predict.
But conscientiousness in the absence of social skills can lead to problems. Since conscientious people demand so much
of themselves, they can hold other people to their own standards, and so be overly judgmental when others don’t show the
same high levels of model behavior. Factory workers in Great Britain and the United States who were extremely
conscientious, for example, tended to criticize co-workers even about failures that seemed unimportant to those they
criticized, which damaged their relationships.
When conscientiousness takes the form of living up to expectations, it can discourage creativity. In creative professions
like art or advertising, openness to wild ideas and spontaneity ( 自 发 性 ) are scarce and in demand. Success in such
occupations calls for a balance, however; without enough conscientiousness to follow through, people become mere
dreamers, with nothing to show for their imaginativeness.
Quiet Virtue: The Conscientious
Employers’ evaluations of the work of conscientious people
can be (78) ▲ .
The most conscientious salespersons usually have the largest
volume of sales
Conscientiousness keeps an organization (74) ▲
smoothly.
Conscientious people are very (72) ▲ to others.
Conscientious people without social skills tend to have
(79) ▲ relationships with their fellow workers.
Conscientiousness can (80) ▲ creativity, especially in
professions calling for imagination.
Conscientious employees are less likely to be (76) ▲ .
Conscientious people are very (71) ▲ with themselves.Features of
conscientiousness
(73) ▲ of
conscientiousness
Possible (77) ▲ with
conscientiousness
Conscientious employees at the lower levels give outstanding
(75) ▲ .
71. strict 72. helpful/good 73. Functions/Roles/Importance/Significance
74. running/working/going/operating/functioning 75. performance(s) 76. fired/dismissed/jobless
77. problems/troubles 78. higher/subjective/unfair/unjust/prejudiced 79. tense/damaged/poor/bad
80. discourage/affect/damage
【解题步骤】
1. 通读全文，掌握大意，理顺文章结构。
读懂文章是解题的第一环。要特别注意小标题，它通常是段落和表格的主题句。标题有助于理解文章的大意和表
格的结构。
2. 对照表格，比照阅读，试填答案，先易后难。
在本例题中，通览表格后，我们不难发现，第一大栏与文章第一段对应；第二大栏与文章第二、三段对应；第三
大栏与文章最后三段对应。
掌握了整体对应关系后，我们就可以逐一试填答案，通过复读文章相应的段落，得出答案。试填的过程中，遵循“先
易后难，各个击破”的原则。
3. 复核答案，注意词性、词形的正确性。
试填完成后，要复读表格内容，注意检查答案。检查的内容：句子是否通顺，大小写、词性或拼写是否正确，句
意与原文是否一致等。
【技巧剖析】
1．捕捉信息
捕捉信息题首先要浏览表格，借助图表结构抓住文章主旨、结构层次以及文章的脉络，并确定表格中某一行或某
一列与文章中某一段落之间的对应关系。在文章中标出与表格中空格前后给出的关键词句相符合或一致的句子。如：
第75题由第二段第二句In studies of job performance, outstanding effectiveness for almost all jobs…中的performance
可知答案。
第78 题由第四段的…giving them higher evaluations than objective measures of their performance would predict 中的
higher可知答案。
第80题由第六段的…it can discourage creativity中的discourage可知答案。
2. 组织信息
组织信息题的答案是不能直接在文章中找到原词的，这需要我们对文章进行加工或变通，通常与语法知识、短语
和句型有关。考查学生对于有效信息的理解和加工能力。需要考生在捕捉到相关信息之后，将其进行同义转换。
(1) 词性转换
72. helpful/good
【解析】 第一段中的It’s the conscientious worker who helps newcomers or updates people…中的动词help转化而来，
而good意思相近，也可作为答案。
76. fired/dismissed/jobless
【解析】 第三段的Conscientiousness also offers a buffer against the threat of job loss in today’s constantly changing
market…可知，他们不容易失去工作，名词转化为动词，可得到答案。jobless也符合句意。
(2) 表达方式的变化
71. strict
【解析】 根据第一段中讲述的尽职尽责的人的特点：being punctual, careful in doing work, self-disciplined, and
scrupulous in attending to responsibilities可知，他们守时、工作细心、自律、一丝不苟，这些都说明他们对自己要求很
严格，构成be strict with“对……要求严格”。
74. running/working/going/operating/functioning
【解析】 根据第一段中的…the people who keep things running as they should可知，第74空应该是认真的人使得机
构运营得很好。故此处应用动词run的现在分词作宾补或与其同义的operate，go，function，work的适当形式 。
79. tense/damaged/poor/bad
【解析】 根据第五段中的…and so be overly judgmental when others don’t show the same high levels of model
behavior. Factory workers in Great Britain and the United States who were extremely conscientious, for example, tended to
criticize co-workers…可知，他们对同事苛求，可能更容易批评同事，从而造成人际关系紧张。
3. 综合概括
综合概括题通常要求考生概括文章的主题或行（列）的标题。大多是归纳某一段落的大意，有时是概括全文的主
旨。通常我们可以从下面的单元格向上概括，或从右边的单元格向左归纳。
73．Functions/Roles/Importance/Significance
【解析】根据第二、三段以及表格右栏讲述的责任心强的人使得机构运营得很好，责任心强的雇员有杰出的表现
等可知本栏讲的是责任心的作用或者重要性。
77. problems/troubles
【解析】从表格右栏里的内容和第五段的第一句But conscientiousness in the absence of social skills can lead to problems
可知答案。
Happiness Advantage” Effect
In July 2010 Burt’s Bees, a personal-care products company, was going through enormous change as it began a global
expansion into 19 new countries. In this kind of high-pressure situation, many leaders bother their assistants with frequent
meetings or flood their in-boxes with urgent demands. In doing so, managers lift everyone’s anxiety level, which activates
the part of the brain that processes threats and steals resources from the prefrontal cortex(大脑皮层), which is responsible
for effective problem solving.
Burt’s Bees’s then-CEO, John Wolfgang, took a different approach. Each day, he’d send out an e-mail praising a team
member for work related to global marketing. He’d interrupt his own presentations to remind his managers to talk with
their teams about the company’s values. He asked me to further a three-hour session with employees on happiness in the
course of the expansion effort. As one member of the senior team told me a year later, Wolfgang’s emphasis on developing
positive leadership kept his managers actively involved and loyal as they successfully transformed the company into a global
one.
That outcome shouldn't surprise us. Research shows that when people work with a positive mind-set( 思维模式),
performance on nearly every level--- productivity, creativity, involvement---improves. Yet happiness is perhaps the most
misunderstood driver of performance. For one, most people believe that success comes before happiness. “Once I get a
promotion, I’ll be happy,” they think. Or, “Once I hit sales targe, I’ll feel great.” But because success is a moving target—as
soon as you hit your target, you raise it again ----- the happiness that results from success does not last long.
In fact, it works the other way around: People who have a positive mind-set perform better in the face of challenge. I
call this the “happiness advantage” –every business outcome shows improvement when the brain is positive. I've observed
this effect in my role as a researcher and lecturer in 48 countries on the connection between employee happiness and
success. And I’m not alone: In an analysis of 225 academic studies, researchers found strong evidence of cause-and-effect
relationship between life satisfaction and successful business outcomes.
Another common misunderstanding is that our genetics, our environment, or a combination of the two determines how
happy we are. To be sure, both factors have an impact. But one’s general sense of well-being is surprisingly unstable. The
habits you form, the way you interact with colleagues, how you think about stress---all these can be managed to increase
your happiness and your chances of success.
题型自主分析：
1、原词重现（信息查找）：
“Happiness Advantage”Effect
A usual approach to
management
Leaders tend to (1) ____________ their assistants too often.
Such a management style may result in greater (2) __________ and less
productivity in the assistants.
A different
approach to
management
John Wolfgang was (3) ________ of his assistants’ feelings.
The managers remained (4) _________ to the company.
Research finding:
People perform
better when thinking
(6)___________
The “happiness advantage” effect is (8) ________________ proved by
research findings.
As a matter of fact, your (7)__________ won’t keep your happiness
long.
It is also misunderstood that how happy we are is (9) __________ by
our genetics, environment or a combination of the two.
A lot of factors have an impact on how happy people are and whether
there are (10)____________ of being successful.
Happiness is perhaps the most misunderstood driver of performance.
Positive leadership could make a big (5) _________ to employees’
performance
2、词性转换（信息加工）：
3、提炼概括（信息归纳）：
1.【答案】bother/ annoy
【试题解析】many leaders bother their assistants with frequent meetings or flood their in-boxes with urgent demands.
2.【答案】anxiety/ conern/ worry
【试题解析】In doing so, managers lift everyone's anxiety level,
3.【答案】considerate/ aware/ conscious
【试题解析】根据文章“Burt's Bees's then-CEO, John Wolfgang, took a different approach.”他用了不同的方法。 他了解
助手的那种感觉。 Be aware of 意识到，了解到。
4.【答案】loyal/ faithful/devoted/ committed
【试题解析】Wolfgang's emphasis on developing positive leadership kept his managers actively involved and loyal as they
successfully transformed the company into a global one.
5.【答案】difference
【试题解析】根据文章第三段和第四段可知 Wolfgang'和上面第一段提到的那些负责人的做法不同，他的这种方法很
有区别，故填的是 make a differnce 有区别，有影响。
6.【答案】positively
【试题解析】根据文章第三段 People who have a positive mind-set perform better in the face of challenge.可知答案。
7.【答案】success/ achievements
【试题解析】根据文章“the happiness that results from success does not last long.可知答案。
8.【答案】strongly
【试题解析】根据文章“researchers found strong evidence of cause-and-effect relationship between life satisfaction and
successful business outcomes.”可知答案。
9.【答案】determined/ decided
【试题解析】根据文章“Another common misunderstanding is that our genetics, our environment, or a combination of the
two determines how happy we are.”可知答案。
10.【答案】chances/ possibilities/ opportunities
【试题解析】根据文章最后一段 all these can be managed to increase your happiness and your
【注】《江苏省英语科考试说明》 常见词汇转换
① 动词—名词
accompany—company achieve—achievement acquire—acquisition
adapt—adaptation add—addition adjust—adjustment
admit—admission admire—admiration advertise—advertisement
advise—advice affect—affection agree—agreement
amuse—amusement analyze—analysis apologize—apology
apply—application appoint—appointment appreciate—appreciation
approve—approval argue—argument arrange—arrangement
arrive—arrival assess—assessment assist—assistance
associate—association assume—assumption astonish—astonishment
attend—attendance attract—attraction bathe—bath
bear—birth behave—behavior believe—belie
bleed—blood breathe—breath build—building
celebrate—celebration choose—choice collect—collection
commit—commitment communicate—communication compete—competition
complain—complaint concentrate—concentration conclude—conclusion
confuse—confusion congratulate—congratulation connect—connection
consider—consideration construct—construction consult—consultation
contain—container contribute—contribution correct—correction
count—counter create—creation criticize—criticism
decide—decision decorate—decoration defend—defense
deliver—delivery describe—description destroy—destruction
determine—determination develop—development devote—devotion
dictate—dictation differ—difference direct—direction
disappear—disappearance disagree—disagreement discover—discovery
discuss—discussion distinguish—distinction distribute—distribution
divide—division donate—donation educate—education
elect—election embarrass—embarrassment emphasize—emphasis
employ—employment encourage—encouragement inquire—inquiry
enter—entrance entertain—entertainment equip—equipment
examine—examination excite—excitement exhibit—exhibition
exist—existence expand—expansion expect—expectation
explain—explanation explore—exploration expose—exposure
express—expression extend—extension fail—failure
feel—feeling fly—flight free—freedom
govern—government graduate—graduation greet—greeting
grow—growth guide—guidance hesitate—hesitation
identity—identification ignore—ignorance illustrate—illustration
impress—impression inform—information injure—injury
inspect—inspection instruct—instruction insure—insurance
intend—intention interrupt—interruption introduce—introduction
invent—invention invite—invitation judge—judgment
know—knowledge laugh—laughter liberate—liberation
locate—location lose—lost marry—marriage
mean—meaning meet—meeting mix—mixture
motivate—motivation move—movement occupy—occupation
open—opening operate—operation own—ownership
pack—package paint—painting permit—permission
please—pleasure pollute—pollution possess—possession
produce—production prefer—preference prepare—preparation
present—presentation press—pression pronounce—pronunciation
punish—punishment qualify—qualification receive—reception
refer—reference regulate—regulation require—requirement
reserve—reservation review—revision satisfy—satisfaction
separate—separation serve—service settle—settlement
sign—signature simplify—simplification solve—solution
speak—speech spell—spelling starve—starvation
state—statement strengthen—strength succeed—success
suffer—suffering suggest—suggestion summarize—summary
survive—survival tend—tendency threaten—threat
tolerate—tolerance train—training transform—transformation
translate—translation treat—treatment turn—turning
unit—union violate—violation
②形容词—名词
able—ability absent—absence academic—academy
accessible—access accurate—accuracy agricultural—agriculture
anxious—anxiety athletic—athlete attractive—attraction
beautiful—beauty beneficial—benefit brave—bravery
cautious—caution central—center challenging—challenge
cheerful—cheer chemical—chemistry cloudy—cloud
comfortable—comfort convenient—convenience dangerous—danger
dark—darkness dead—death definite—definition
delighted—delight disabled—disability dusty—dust
economic—economy electrical—electricity emotional—emotion
energetic—energy equal—equality evident—evidence
facial—face fantastic—fantasy financial—finance
foggy—fog fortunate—fortune free—freedom
friendly—friend funny—fun harmonious—harmony
high—height humorous—humor hungry—hunger
independent—independence just—justice kind—kindness
long—length major—majority merciful—mercy
national—nation optional—option painful—pain
patient—patience peaceful—peace personal—personality
physical—physics poisonous—poison political—politics
poor—poverty practical—practice proud—pride
racial—race reasonable—reason religious—religion
selfish—self sensitive—sense skillful—skill
social—society sorry—sorrow southern—south
spiritual—spirit strong—strength systematic—system
tasty—taste technical—technology terrible—terror
true—truth universal—universe valuable—value
various—variety violent—violence voluntary—volunteer
warm—warmth weak—weakness wealthy—wealth
weekly—week wide—width wise—wisdom
woolen—wool young—youth
【注】
(1)常见词汇转化
1. take advantage of = make use of
2. by accident/ chance = accidentally
3. take sth. into consideration/account = consider
4. in all/ total = totally
5. oppose sth. = be against sth. = object to sth. = disagree with sth.
6. in the beginning = at first
7. be responsible for = take/shoulder/bear responsibility for
8. take an active part in sth. = take part in sth. actively
9. approve of = in favor of = agree to = favor = subscribe to
10. have faith/ trust in = trust = believe in
11. out of breath = breathlessly
12. cope with = deal with = handle
13. in a hurry/rush = hurriedly
14. despite = in spite of
15. valuable = be of value
16. make an apology = apologize
17. encourage participation in = take part in = play a role in = participate in
18. understand clearly = have a clear understanding of
19. matter = count = be very important = be of importance = make sense = make a difference
20. explain = make an explanation
21. offer sth. to sb. = provide sb. with sth. = supply sth. to sb.
22. have access to = be accessible to = be available to
23. use up = run out of
24. stop = quit = give up
25. be accused of = be charged with
26. most of the people = the majority of the people
27. benefit = be beneficial to = be of benefit to
28. cater to one’s needs/demands/requirements = satisfy one’s needs/demands/requirements = meet one’s
needs/demands/requirements
29. starve to death = die of hunger/starvation
30. all at once = all of a sudden = suddenly
31. in particular = particularly
32. deliberately = on purpose
33. out of the question = impossible = less likely
34. take the risk of doing sth. = risk doing sth.
35. respect sb.= show respect for sb. = look up to sb.= be respectful to sb.
36. prepare = make preparations for = get ready for
37. take in = absorb
38. appear = turn up = show up
39. give a description of = describe
40. lead to = cause = bring about = result in
41. be different from = differ from
42. commit suicide = kill oneself
43. succeed in doing sth. = manage to do sth.
44. be in response to sth.= respond to = react to
45. make up something new = invent
46. a person with a physical disability = a disabled person
47. go through = experience
48. varieties of = different kinds of = a variety of = various
49. make contributions to = contribute to
50. stand for = represent
51. be willing to do sth. = do sth. willingly
52. give permission to = permit
53. that is to say = in other words = namely
54. come to sb’s aid = aid
55. damage = cause damage to
56. all the year round = throughout the year
57. in any case = at any rate = at any price/cost
58. without doubt = undoubtedly
59. make an impression = impress
60. put up with = stand = bear = endure
61. 100 years = 1 century = 10 decades
62. make full use of = make the most of
63. at the beginning of = at first
64. commit oneself to doing… = promise to do…
65. socially responsible = social responsibility
66. be tired out = be worn out = be exhausted
67. compensate for = make up for
68. besides = in addition to = apart form
69. be better than = be superior to
70. be over = end = put\bring… to an end
71. online = on the Internet
72. make an apology to sb. = apologize to sb.
73. in part = partly
74. be hooked on = be addicted to
75. share less than 2% = accountant for less than 2%
(2)常见概括类词汇
表原因和结果 reason (for); cause (of); result\effect\consequence(of); impact
表概括、总结 summary; conclusion
表目的 purpose; aim; goal
表特点 feature; characteristic; character
表种类 kind; type; category; class; form
表评论、评价 comment (on); remark(on/upon); assessment
表方式、方法 means(of); ways(to do\of doing); method; approach(to doing
sth.) ,solution(to the problem); take measures to do
表问题 problem; question; issue
表建议 suggestion; advice; tip
表要求、需求 demand; need; requirement; qualification
表态度、观点 attitude; idea; opinion; viewpoint; view
表情绪、感觉 feeling; emotion; motivation
表用途、功能 use; usage; function
表步骤 step; procedure; process
表描述 description; appearance; look; color; size; length; width; distance;
height; shape; name; age; cost; event
表关系 relation; relationship; connection
表来源、历史 history; source; origin
表异同 difference; similarity
表反应 response; reaction
表措施、行动 measure; action; activity; behavior
表定义 definition
表利弊 benefit; advantage; disadvantage; convenience
表质量、数量 quality; quantity; amount; number
表情形、状况 situation; condition
表建立 build; create; establish; found
表必要、必需 must; necessity
表实现、完成 reach; realize; accomplish
表重要 value; importance; significance
表比较 contrast; comparison
表背景 setting; background
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