2020 年高考考前冲刺卷
英语试题
注意事项：
1.本试题卷共 8 页，满分 120 分，考试时间 120 分钟。
2.答题前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡的相应位置。
3.全部答案在答题卡上完成，答在本试题卷上无效。
4. 回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用 2B 铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需
改 动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。
5.考试结束后，将本试题卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分 40 分）
第一节（共 15 小题;每小题 2 分，满分 30 分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C 和 D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
Here are some drop-dead wonderful botanical gardens where you can fill your mind with facts as well as filling
your camera roll with beautiful pictures.
Cape Town, South Africa
Rhodes Drive, Newlands, 7735 Cape Town, South Africa.
Kissing the east side of Table Mountain, Kirstenbosch is one of the world's most biodiverse gardens and a leader
in conservation science. The sprawling site contains incredible forms of flora and near-endangered plants that have
been cultivated since the early 1900s. Explore at ground level or from up above along "the Boomslang" , a treetop
walkway.
Don't miss: The beautiful sculpture garden includes a bust of Nelson Mandela and breathtaking Mambo
sculptures, carved from opal stone（蛋白石）.
Singapore Botanical Gardens
1 Cluny Rd, 259569 Singapore.
This place is called the Disneyland of Botanical Gardens. Now 160 years old, the tropical garden has it all：a
section of the city's primary rainforest, an orchid garden, a ginger garden and an exhibition on ethnobotany, plus
some wise old trees. It even has a pair of swans from Amsterdam, a national flower called Vanda Miss Joaquim and
its own mist garden.
Don't miss：The National Orchid Garden with more than 1 000 species and 2 000 hybrids on display, plus a
series of special tools and equipment to ensure the right humidity（湿度）.
Ryoan-ji Temple, Kyoto, Japan
13 Ryoanji Goryonoshitacho, Ukyo Ward, Kyoto 616 -8001, Japan.
While Kyoto's bonsai-and bamboo-filled botanical gardens are worth a visit, you should also check out the city's
Zen Buddhist temple. Set inside a fifteenth-century temple, this is a place for reflection. For maximum zen（禅/禅宗
），walk the grounds and a lake flanked by Japanese blossom and maple trees.
Don't miss: Try the local delicacy, yudofu（boiled tofu）at the temple's traditional restaurant.
1. What is Kirstenbosch garden special for?
A. Wonderful views. B. Garden tools.
C. Stone sculptures. D. Local foods.
2. Where would a person go if he is interested in religion?
A. Rhodes Drive, Newlands, 7735 Cape Town, South Africa.
B. 1 Cluny Rd, 259569 Singapore.
C. Royal Botanic Gardens, London, TW9 3AB, UK.
D. 13 Ryoanji Goryonoshitacho, Ukyo Ward, Kyoto 616 -8001, Japan.
3. Which section of a newspaper does the passage belong to?
A. Agriculture. B. Photography.
C. Traveling. D. Food.
【答案】1. C 2. D 3. C
【解析】
这是一篇应用文。文章主要向读者介绍了世界上几个著名的植物园及其相关信息。
【1 题详解】
细节理解题。由第四段中的“The beautiful sculpture garden includes a bust of Nelson Mandela and breathtaking
Mambo sculptures, carved from opal stone（蛋白石）.”（美丽的雕塑花园包括纳尔逊·曼德拉的半身像和用
蛋白石雕刻的令人惊叹的曼波雕塑。）可知 Kirstenbosch 花园的石雕使其变得与众不同。故选 C 项。
【2 题详解】
细节理解题。由倒数第二段 13 Ryoanji Goryonoshitacho, Ukyo Ward, Kyoto 616 -8001, Japan.和 For
maximum zen（禅/禅宗），walk the grounds and a lake flanked by Japanese blossom and maple trees.（为了获得
最大的禅（禅/禅宗），您可以漫步在庭院和湖边，湖边有日本的花朵和枫树。）可知日本京都的龙安寺具
有浓郁的宗教色彩，对宗教感兴趣的人可以去这里参观。故选 D 项。
【3 题详解】
推理判断题。由第一段“Here are some drop-dead wonderful botanical gardens where you can fill your mind with
facts as well as filling your camera roll with beautiful pictures.”（这里有一些令人垂涎的植物园，在那里你可以
用事实填充你的头脑，也可以在你的相机卷里填满美丽的图片。）和文章之后介绍的世界上几个著名的植
物园的特点和美景，并提供了这几个植物园的详细的地址，由此可推知，本文应出自报纸的旅游版块。故
选 C 项。
B
Sometimes while sitting doing nothing, our minds recall events from the past that make us all tingly inside. I had
one of those moments yesterday. I believe this was triggered（引起）by the oldie The Impossible Dream that was
playing on the radio yesterday afternoon!
In 1971, returning from our regular Friday night pregame meeting, I had no sooner walked in the door of our
three-room apartment hack than the phone rang. It was the township police. They inquired if I was the football coach.
I answered yes and asked if there was a problem. He said our football team had climbed the fence of the township
football field and were sitting somewhere around the 50-yard line quietly. It was really not a problem. However, he
thought I would like to know. I called my assistants, and made our way to the field.
We met the police at the locked gate. The field was dark and silent. Then, suddenly, we heard voices
singing—together and on key—the team theme song, The Impossible Dream. Silently, we listened and became
overwhelmed（压倒）with emotion. Even the policemen had tears rolling down their cheeks. When the team had
finished, they walked slowly to the now-opened gate of the field and were shocked to see us waiting there. Of course,
our first words were, "What is going on?"
Mike Bernert, the team captain, replied, "Well, coach, you told us to visualize our performance in our mind just
before the night of the game. So we came and visualized the upcoming game while sitting on the 50-yard line.
Afterward, we would sing The Impossible Dream.”
The coaches and I were overwhelmed. And of course, the team, which was undefeated at this point, never lost a
game that season.
4. What does the underlined word “tingly” in Paragraph 1 mean?
A. Frightened. B. Excited.
C. Worried. D. Puzzled.
5. Why did the police call?
A. The team did something unusual.
B. The team had conflicts with fans.
C. The team locked themselves in the football field.
D. The team damaged the fences of the playground.
6. How did the team feel when they saw the author and the policeman?
A. Happy. B. Sad.
C. Ashamed. D. Surprised.
7. What is the purpose for the team to sing the song?
A. To enjoy themselves. B. To inspire themselves.
C. To celebrate their success. D. To rest themselves.
【答案】4. B 5. A 6. D 7. B
【解析】
这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者因听到熟悉的歌曲，回忆起多年前自己所带领的球队在比赛前夕去球场
高唱机歌以鼓舞士气的故事。
【4 题详解】
词义猜测题。由第一段“Sometimes while sitting doing nothing, our minds recall events from the past that make us
all tingly inside.”（有时候，坐着无所事事时，我们的大脑会回忆起过去让我们内心充满刺激的事件。），根
据下文内容可知作者回忆起了过去的事情，这让他的内心很激动，由此可推知，此处是指当“我们”回忆过去
时，“我们”的内心很激动，因此，画线词 tingly 应意为“激动的”，与 B 项意思相近。故选 B 项。
【5 题详解】
推理判断题。由第二段中的“He said our football team had climbed the fence of the township football field and
were sitting somewhere around the 50-yard line quietly.”（他说，我们的足球队已经爬上了镇足球场的围栏，静
静地坐在 50 码外的某个地方。），可知队员们在夜里翻越栏 杆进入球场里静坐，（行为）有些反常，由此
可推知，警察打电话是因为球员们做了一些不同寻常的事情。故选 A 项。
【6 题详解】
细节理解题。由第三段倒数第二句“When the team had finished, they walked slowly to the now-opened gate of the
field and were shocked to see us waiting there.”（当队伍结束后，他们慢慢地走到现在已经打开的场地大门，看
到我们在那里等着，他们感到很震惊。），可知队员们看到作者和警察在球场外面时感到很惊讶。故选 D
项。
【7 题详解】
推理判断题。由倒数第二段“Mike Bernert, the team captain, replied, "Well, coach, you told us to visualize our
performance in our mind just before the night of the game. So we came and visualized the upcoming game while
sitting on the 50-yard line. Afterward, we would sing The Impossible Dream.””（队长迈克·伯内特回答说：“
教练，你让我们在比赛前把自己的表现形象化。所以，我们坐在 50 码线上，想象着即将到来的比赛。然后
，我们会唱出《不可能的梦》。”）和最后一段“And of course, the team, which was undefeated at this point,
never lost a game that season.”（当然，在这一点上不败的球队，在那个赛季从来没有输过一场比赛。），可
知队员们在赛前唱队歌，比赛时一分未丢，大获全胜，由此可推知，队员们在赛前唱队歌是为了激励自己。
故选 B 项。
C
Like producers of wine from France's Champagne area, Brazil's chocolate industry is using geographical
indication, or GI labels with good results. These labels show where the cocoa comes from and its quality. The special
labels can lead to higher prices on the market.
Henrique Almeida is the 63-year-old owner of a farm in Coaraci, in the northeastern Brazilian state of Bahia. He
is pleased with the "South Bahia" geographical indication for his cocoa. "The production of fine cocoa and the
creation of the geographical indication label make it possible to have a profitable business and pull our region
upwards," Almeida said.
For many years, farmers in Bahia had produced common cocoa, used widely in the chocolate industry. But in
1989, an outbreak of "witches' broom" disease sharply reduced the productivity of Bahia's cocoa trees. These trees
make up to 86 percent of Brazil's national crop. At the time, Almeida, like other producers in southern Bahia, chose to
improve the quality of his crop in order to be able to continue growing.
"When I bought the farm, standard cocoa prices were low, and cocoa farmers were unmotivated（无动机的）,
while the chocolate market was doing well," he told the French news agency AFP. "I started growing fine cocoa to
make my own chocolate and add value to my product."
The label is the result of 10 years of work by Almeida and other cocoa producers, as well as cooperatives and
researchers. Together, they created the South Bahia Cocoa Association to define（定义）production rules. The
National Institute of Industrial Property registered the GI 6 years after the first registered GI.
The “South Bahia” label is the second GI given to Brazilian cocoa. The Linhares region in the state of Espirito
Santo was the first GI to be registered in 2012. Tome-Acu in the northeastern state of Para became the third in 2019.
8. What might be a result of witches' broom in 1989?
A. Many cocoa trees in Brazil died. B. Cocoa became quite expensive.
C. Farmers started to grow fine cocoa. D. Chocolate industry had to use common cocoa.
9. When was the "South Bahia" labeled?
A. In 2012. B. In 2014.
C. In 2016. D. In 2018.
10. What might happen to Brazilian cocoa in the future?
A. A national cocoa association may appear quickly.
B. Common cocoa may disappear soon.
C. Cocoa fanners may apply for more GI labels.
D. Cocoa prices will be higher and higher.
11. What's the main idea of the text?
A. Brazil's cocoa industry benefits from GI labels.
B. Brazil's cocoa farmers are learning to make French wine.
C. GI labels are making higher profits for Brazil's cocoa farmers.
D. Better Brazil's cocoa trees will bring finer Brazil's cocoa.
【答案】8. C 9. D 10. C 11. A
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了巴西种植可可的农民，通过申请地理标志以提升可可的质量。
【8 题详解】
细节理解题。由第三段最后一句“At the time, Almeida, like other producers in southern Bahia, chose to improve
the quality of his crop in order to be able to continue growing.”（当时，阿尔梅达和巴伊亚南部的其他生产者一样
，为了能够继续种植，他选择提高作物的质量。）可知在疾病导致可可树的产量减少后，种植可可豆的农
民开始注重提升可可的质量。故选 C 项。
【9 题详解】
细节理解题。由第五段尾句“The National Institute of Industrial Property registered the GI 6 years after the first
registered GI.”（美国国家工业产权协会在第一个已注册的GI 6 年后注册了 GI。）和最后一段“The “South
Bahia” label is the second GI given to Brazilian cocoa. The Linhares region in the state of Espirito Santo was the first
GI to be registered in 2012.”（“South Bahia”标签是巴西可可的第二个 GI。圣埃斯皮里托州的林哈雷斯地
区是 2012 年注册的第一个 GI。）可知第一个地理标志颁发于 2012 年,South Bahia 标志是在首个标志颁发
的 6 年后又再次颁发的，即 2018 年。故选 D 项。
【10 题详解】
推理判断题。由第一段中的“Like producers of wine from France's Champagne area, Brazil's chocolate industry is
using geographical indication, or GI labels with good results.”（和法国香槟区的葡萄酒生产商一样，巴西的可
可行业也在使用地理标志，或者说是地理标志，效果很好。）第二段中的“The production of fine cocoa and the
creation of the geographical indication label make it possible to have a profitable business and pull our region
upwards," Almeida said.”（阿尔梅达说：“优质可可的生产和地理标志标签的建立，使我们有可能拥有一个
有利可图的业务，并将我们的地区向上拉。”）和最后一段内容，可知种植可可的农民一直在申办地理标
志，现在已经获得了三个地理标志，这大大地提高了他们所销售的可可的价格，由此可推知，未来可能会
有更多种植可可的农民申办地理标志。故选 C 项。
【11 题详解】
主旨大意题。由第一段中的“These labels show where the cocoa comes from and its quality. The special labels can
lead to higher prices on the market.”（这些标签显示可可的产地和质量。这种特殊的标签会导致市场价格上涨
。）和第四段中的“I started growing fine cocoa to make my own chocolate and add value to my product.”（我开
始种植优质可可来制作我自己的巧克力，为我的产品增加价值。）可推断出文章主要介绍了在巴西种植可
可的农民通过申办地理标志提高了可可的质量与售价，A 项“巴西的可可产业受益于地理标志”准确地概括了
文章主旨。故选 A 项。
D
While it's no surprise that heavy drinking comes with health consequences, women in particular are more likely
to suffer from alcohol—including an increased risk of alcohol-related death, according to a new study.
The study, published in the journal Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research, looked at the death data of
Americans 16 and older from 1999 to 2017. The researchers found nearly 1 million alcohol-related deaths in that time
period and the largest annual increase of alcohol-related deaths occurred among Non-Hispanic white women.
"Historically, the most protective factor for women was that it was less common for women to drink a lot,"
Keith Humphreys, a professor of Stanford University tells Yahoo Lifestyle. "That was changed largely by alcohol
companies. Women were targeted in advertising and it worked—and now women drink much more and now they're
dying much more. ”
Excessive alcohol use can lead to several health problems over time—and women are particularly affected. "The
risk of cirrhosis（肝硬化）and other alcohol-related liver diseases is higher for women than for men," according to
the CDC. Drinking too much alcohol can also affect the brain, causing shrinkage（收缩）and memory loss.
Research suggests that women are weaker than men to the brain damaging effects of alcohol abuse, and the damage
tends to appear with shorter periods of excessive drinking for women than for men. Heavy drinking also influences
heart health. The CDC states that studies show women who drink excessively have a higher risk of damaging the
heart muscle than men, even for women drinking at lower levels.
The health consequences of drinking also develop more rapidly in women than in men. "You'll commonly see a
woman who hasn't been drinking alcohol as long as men and the physical punishment comes faster,” says
Humphreys.
12. How was the study done?
A. By doing experiments. B. By comparing data.
C. By watching closely. D. By asking and recording.
13. What's the main idea of Paragraph 3?
A. It explains the reasons for women to drink.
B. It compares the past and present of women.
C. It shows the newest finding about women drinking.
D. It comments on the terrible results of women drinking.
14. How many body parts of women may be damaged by excessive drinking?
A. Two. B. Three.
C. Four. D. Five.
15. What might be the best title for the passage?
A. Women, Suffer More from Drinking B. Drinking, Fashionable but Harmful
C. Drinking Does Harm to Health D. Men and Women, Drink Less
【答案】12. B 13. A 14. B 15. A
【解析】
这是一篇新闻报道。文章介绍了一项最新的科学研究成果，该研究表明饮酒对女性造成的危害比男性大。
【12 题详解】
推理判断题。由第二段第一句中 “The study, published in the journal Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental
Research, looked at the death data of Americans 16 and older from 1999 to 2017.”（ 这项研究发表在《酒精中毒
：临床与实验研究》杂志上，研究了 1999 年至 2017 年 16 岁及以上美国人的死亡数据。），可推断出该研
的
究是通过对比数据来进行的。故选 B 项。
【13 题详解】
主旨大意题。由第三段“"Historically, the most protective factor for women was that it was less common for
women to drink a lot," Keith Humphreys, a professor of Stanford University tells Yahoo Lifestyle. "That was
changed largely by alcohol companies. Women were targeted in advertising and it worked—and now women drink
much more and now they're dying much more. ””（斯坦福大学教授 Keith Humphreys 在接受 Yahoo Lifestyle 采
访时说：“从历史上看，对女性来说，最具保护性的因素是女性很少酗酒。”这在很大程度上被酒类公司
改变了。女性是广告的目标，这起作用了，现在女性喝得更多，现在她们死得更多。”），可知，原本只
有较少的女性饮酒，后因造酒企业大幅度地针对女性做广告，导致很多女性开始饮酒，所以本段主要介绍
了女性喝酒的原因。故选 A 项。
【14 题详解】
细节理解题。由倒数第二段的“"The risk of cirrhosis（肝硬化）and other alcohol-related liver diseases is higher
for women than for men," according to the CDC. Drinking too much alcohol can also affect the brain, causing
shrinkage（收缩）and memory loss.”（据疾病预防控制中心称，女性患肝硬化和其他与酒精有关的肝病的风
险高于男性。饮酒过量也会影响大脑，导致大脑萎缩和记忆力减退。），和“Research suggests that women are
weaker than men to the brain damaging effects of alcohol abuse, and the damage tends to appear with shorter periods
of excessive drinking for women than for men.”（研究表明，女性比男性更容易受到酗酒对大脑的损害，女性
过度饮酒的时间往往比男性短酗酒也会影响心脏健康。），可知过度饮酒会对女性的肝脏、大脑和心脏这
三个部位造成危害。故选 B 项。
【15 题详解】
主旨大意题由第一段“While it's no surprise that heavy drinking comes with health consequences, women in
particular are more likely to suffer from alcohol—including an increased risk of alcohol-related death, according to a
new study.”（一项新的研究显示，尽管酗酒会对健康造成影响并不奇怪，但女性更容易患上酒精，包括增
加与酒精相关的死亡风险。），第二段尾句“The researchers found nearly 1 million alcohol-related deaths in that
time period and the largest annual increase of alcohol-related deaths occurred among Non-Hispanic white women.”
（研究人员发现，在这段时间内，与酒精有关的死亡人数接近 100 万人，而与酒精有关的死亡人数年增幅
最大的是非西班牙裔白人妇女。），第三段尾句“Women were targeted in advertising and it worked—and now
women drink much more and now they're dying much more.”（女性是广告的目标，这起作用了，现在女性喝得
更多，现在她们死得更多。），第四段首句“Excessive alcohol use can lead to several health problems over
time—and women are particularly affected.”（过度饮酒会导致一些健康问题，女性尤其受到影响。）和第五
段首句“The health consequences of drinking also develop more rapidly in women than in men.”（女性饮酒对健康
的影响也比男性更快。），可知本文主要介绍了饮酒对女性造成的危害更大。故选 A 项。
第二节（共 5 小题;每小题 2 分，满分 10 分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Homemade lemonade goes great with outdoor spring and summer entertaining. Follow the instructions to serve
at your next picnic or barbecue.
___16___ This will make it easier to squeeze（挤）the juice from the fruit. Warm lemons by placing in the
microwave. First poke（刺） the skin of the lemon with a fork, being careful not to poke all the way through the
skin to the flesh. Place the lemon(s) in the microwave on high for 20 to 30 seconds. ___17___Allow them to sit in the
hot water for 30 seconds.
After the lemons have been warmed, roll them on a solid surface. Keep rolling until you feel the flesh softening.
After rolling the lemons, cut them in half crosswise. Place one half of the lemon on the juicer, apply pressure and
twist the lemon to remove the juice. ___18___
Remove all the seeds from the juicer once you have finished. The extra pulp（果浆）that has collected in the
bottom of the juicer can be added to the lemon juice once the seeds have been removed, unless pulp-free juice is
required. If it is necessary to use pulp-free juice, strain juice to separate any pulp that may have gotten into the juice.
In a saucepan, bring cup of water to a boil and then add cup of sugar. Continue to cook over medium
low heat until sugar has completely dissolved. ___19___ Stir to mix thoroughly and then allow the mixture to cool.
The lemon syrup can be stored in the refrigerator until needed or it can be mixed with water to produce lemonade.
___20___ Taste to test for sweetness and make necessary improvements. Refrigerate until chilled or serve over
ice.
A. To make lemonade, add lemon syrup to cups of water.
B. Lemons can also be warmed by placing them in boiling water.
C. Remove from the heat and add cups of fresh lemon juice.
D. The juice can also be removed by squeezing the lemon by hand.
E. For additional flavor, add your favorites when adding the fresh lemon juice.
F. The lemons should be room temperature or warmer before the juice is removed.
G. About 4 medium lemons can produce 1 cup of lemon juice required for this recipe.
【答案】16. F 17. B 18. D 19. C 20. A
1
2
112
14 2
112
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了自制柠檬水的过程。
【16 题详解】
由本段下文“把柠檬放在微波炉里加热。”可知，承接下文，F 选项“在挤出果汁之前，柠檬应该在室温或
更高的温度下。”切题；该选项中的 The lemons should be room temperature or warmer 对应下文中的 Warm
lemons。故选 F 项。
【17 题详解】
由下一句“让他们在热水中坐 30 秒。”可知，承接下文，B 选项“柠檬也可以放在开水里加热。”切题；
该选项中的 placing them in boiling water 对应下文中的 Allow them to sit in the hot water。故选 B 项。
【18 题详解】
由上一句“将半个柠檬放在榨汁机上，压榨柠檬，得到柠檬汁。”可知，承接上文，D 选项“也可以通过
手工挤压柠檬来获取柠檬汁。”切题；前后两句表顺承，都是指得到柠檬汁的方法。故选 D 项。
【19 题详解】
由上一句“继续用中低火煮，直到糖完全溶解。”和下一句“搅拌至完全混合，然后让混合物冷却。”可
知，承接上下文，C 选项“停止加热，然后加入一杯半新鲜的柠檬汁”切题；此处指柠檬水的做法。故选C
项。
【20 题详解】
由下一句“品尝甜度，并进行必要的改进。”可知，承接下文，A 选项“要做柠檬水，在杯子里加入 4 杯
半的柠檬糖浆。”切题；前后两句衔接紧密，符合语境。故选 A 项。
第二部分 语言知识运用（共两节，满分 45 分）
第一节（共 20 小题;每小题 1・5 分，满分 30 分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的 A、B、C 和 D 四个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳
选项。
Even though in Moscow dusk falls early in winter. Instead of snuggling up（舒适地蜷缩）in her comfortable
home after school, Arina Buntova is making her ___21___ to the Russian State University for the Humanities（
RSUH）for her Chinese ___22___ class.
The 14-year-old has been ___23___ Chinese at the Confucius Institute at the RSUH for a year and a half. "I
___24___ the Chinese language because I want to ___25___ to China," she told Beijing Review.
On November 25, three classes for children were ___26___ in session at the institute, while crowds of adults
were just arriving for their ___27___ classes. "The number of Chinese language students in ___28___ is increasing
year by year, and their ___29___ is also growing, ” Aleksandr Bezborodov, the university's president, said,
"Meanwhile, many Chinese ____30____ have come to study at the RSUH and several Chinese officials have visited
the university.” "The two peoples’ interest in each other's cultures ____31____ an important opportunity for the
development of the institute,” he ____32____.
Taras Ivchenko, dean（院长）of the Confucius Institute at the RSUH, said over 10 years ago, the university
____33____ that there was a need to provide courses for those who ____34____ wanted to study Chinese. In 2007,
the institute ____35____ two classes with about 40 students, while in 2019, it provided classes to more than 500
students through 18 classes during the spring semester and 21 in the ____36____, Ivchenko said.
The institute has over 20 instructors, most of whom are Russians who speak ____37____ Chinese. There are
also two guest teachers ____38____ some teaching assistants from China. Chinese language learners in Russia have
much ____39____ access to teaching resources compared to decades ago, Ivchenko said, citing（引用）his
____40____ experience as both a learner and an educator.
21. A. way B. decision C. bed D. effort
22. A. custom B. habit C. language D. culture
23. A. studying B. teaching C. translating D. knowing
24. A. am involved with B. am interested in C. am devoted to D. am employed in
25. A. welcome B. come C. move D. travel
26. A. rarely B. already C. never D. ever
27. A. after-work B. before-work C. before-school D. after-school
28. A. China B. England C. Russia D. America
29. A. number B. enthusiasm C. industry D. tourism
30. A. peasants B. researchers C. travelers D. students
31. A. supports B. observes C. explores D. provides
32. A. added B. complained C. told D. proposed
33. A. declared B. realized C. said D. suggested
34. A. unwillingly B. unhappily C. anxiously D. eagerly
35. A. changed B. cleared C. offered D. permitted
36. A. season B. winter C. fall D. summer
37. A. fluent B. terrible C. broken D. various
38. A. in spite of B. except for C. along with D. for lack of
39. A. larger B. better C. deeper D. simpler
40. A. common B. mistaken C. ridiculous D. own
【答案】21. A 22. C 23. A 24. B 25. D 26. B 27. A 28. C 29. B 30. D
31. D 32. A 33. B 34. D 35. C 36. C 37. A 38. C 39. B 40. D
【解析】
这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要叙述了孔子学院在俄罗斯国立人文大学（RSUH）推广汉语和中国文化的故事
。
【21 题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：Arina Buntova 放学后不再依偎在舒适的家里，而是前往俄罗斯国立人文大学（
RSUH）上汉语课。A. way 路；B. decision 决定；C. bed 床；D. effort 努力。由上文的 Instead of snuggling up
（舒适地蜷缩）in her comfortable home after school 可知，此处指 Arina Buntova 前往俄罗斯国立人文大学（
RSUH）上汉语课，make one’s way to 意为"前往”。故选 A 项。
【22 题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：Arina Buntova 放学后不再依偎在舒适的家里，而是前往俄罗斯国立人文大学（
RSUH）上汉语课。A. custom 习俗；B. habit 习惯；C. language 语言；D. culture 文化。由下文中的 the Chinese
language 可知，此处表示汉语课程。故选 C 项。
【23 题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：14 岁的她已经在 RSUH 孔子学院学习汉语一年半了。A. studying 学习；B. teaching
教育；C. translating 翻译；D. knowing 知道。由上文语境可知，Arina Buntova 放学后去上汉语课，说明这个
14 岁的学生一直在学习汉语。故选 A 项。
【24 题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：我对中文很感兴趣，因为我想去中国旅游。A. am involved with 卷入；B. am
interested in 对……感兴趣；C. am devoted to 献身于；D. am employed in 受雇于。由下文中的 I want to _5_ to
China 及语境可推知，此处指她对汉语感兴趣。故选 B 项。
【25 题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我对中文很感兴趣，因为我想去中国旅游。A. welcome 欢迎；B. come 来；C. move
移动；D. travel 旅行。由语境可知，她想去中国旅行。故选 D 项。
【26 题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：11 月 25 日，三个儿童班已经在该机构上课，而成群结队的成年人刚到学校上课
。A. rarely 很少地；B. already 已经；C. never 绝不；D. ever 曾经。由下文中的 while crowds of adults were just
arriving for their _7_ classes 可知，此处指学院的三个儿童班已经开课了。故选 B 项。
【27 题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：11 月 25 日，三个儿童班已经在该机构上课，而成群结队的成年人刚到学校上
课。A. after-work 下班后的；B. before-work 上班前的；C. before-school 开学前的；D. after-school 课外的。
由语境可知，一大群成年人会在下班后来上课。故选 A 项。
【28 题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：在俄罗斯学习汉语的学生人数逐年增加，他们的热情也在不断增长。A. China 中
国；B. England 英国；C. Russia 俄国；D. America 美国。由上文中的 the Russian State University for the
Humanities (RSUH)及下文中的 Chinese language learners in Russia 可推知，在俄罗斯学习汉语的学生越来越多
。故选 C 项。
【29 题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：在俄罗斯学习汉语的学生人数逐年增加，他们的热情也在不断增长。A. number
数字；B. enthusiasm 热情；C. industry 工业；D. tourism 旅游业。由上文的 The number of Chinese language
students in _8_ is increasing year by year 可知，学生们的(学习)热情也在上涨。故选 B 项。
【30 题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：与此同时，许多中国学生来到 RSUH 学习，几位中国官员也参观了 RSUH。A.
peasants 农民；B. researchers 研究人员；C. travelers 旅游者；D. students 学生。由下文中的 come to study 及
语境可知，同时也有很多中国学生来 RSUH 学习。故选 D 项。
【31 题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：“两国人民对彼此的兴趣文化为研究所的发展提供了一个重要的机会，”他补
充道。A. supports 支持；B. observes 观察；C. explores 探索；D. provides 提供。由下文中的 an important
opportunity 及语境可知，两国人民对彼此文化产生的兴趣为学院的发展提供了重要机遇。故选 D 项。
【32 题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：“两国人民对彼此的兴趣文化为研究所的发展提供了一个重要的机会，”他补
充道。A. added 补充说；B. complained 抱怨；C. told 告诉；D. proposed 提议。由上文中的 Aleksandr
Bezborodov, the university's president, said 及语境可知，此处表示他补充道。故选 A 项。
【33 题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：RSUH 孔子学院院长 Taras Ivchenko 说，十多年前，该校意识到有必要为那些渴
望学习汉语的人提供课程。A. declared 宣布；B. realized 意识到；C. said 说；D. suggested 建议。由下文中的
there was a need to provide courses for those who wanted to study Chinese 及语境可知，这所大学意识到有必要为
那些想要学习汉语的人开设课程。故选 B 项。
【34 题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：RSUH 孔子学院院长 Taras Ivchenko 说，十多年前，该校意识到有必要为那些渴
望学习汉语的人提供课程。A. unwillingly 不愿意地；B. unhappily 不高兴地；C. anxiously 焦虑地；D. eagerly
渴望地。由下文中的 wanted to study Chinese 及语境可知，此处指那些非常渴望想要学习汉语的人。故选 D
项。
【35 题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：Taras Ivchenko 说，2007 年，该学院开设了两个班，约 40 名学生。A. changed 改
变；B. cleared 清除；C. offered 提供；D. permitted 承诺。由下文中的 two classes with about 40 students 及语境
可推知，2007 年，该学院开设了两个班，约有 40 名学生。故选 C 项。
【36 题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：2019 年，该学院春季学期通过 18 个班为 500 多名学生上课，秋季为 21 个班。
A. season 季节；B. winter 冬季；C. fall 秋天；D. summer 夏天。由上文中的 during the spring semester 及语境
可推知，在 2019 年，春季学期的 18 个班和秋季学期的 21 个班为 500 多名学生提供了课程。故选 C 项。
【37 题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：学院有 20 多名教师，其中大部分是讲流利汉语的俄罗斯人。A. fluent 流利的；
B. terrible 可怕的；C. broken 破碎的；D. various 各种各样的。由语境可知，此处指能说流利的中文的俄罗斯
人。故选 A 项。
【38 题详解】
考查介词短语词义辨析。句意：还有两位客座教师和一些来自中国的助教。A. in spite of 尽管；B. except for
除了；C. along with 随同……一起；D. for lack of 缺少。由语境可知，还有两位客座教师和一些来自中国的
助教。故选 C 项。
【39 题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Taras Ivchenko 说，与几十年前相比，俄罗斯的汉语学习者获得教学资源的机
会要大得多，他以自己作为学习者和教育者的经历为例说。A. larger 更大的；B. better 更好的；C. deeper 更
深的；D. simpler 更简单的。由语境可知，与几十年前相比，俄罗斯的汉语学习者有更好的获得教学资源的
途径，have better access to 意为“有更好的途径……”。故选 B 项。
【40 题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Taras Ivchenko 说，与几十年前相比，俄罗斯的汉语学习者获得教学资源的机
会要大得多，他以自己作为学习者和教育者的经历为例说。A. common 普通的；B. mistaken 错误的；C.
ridiculous 荒谬的；D. own 自己的。由下文中的 as both a learner and an educator 可知，此处指 Ivchenko 结合
自己的经历说了这段话。故选 D 项。
第二节(共 10 小题;每小题 1.5 分，满分 15 分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Kip Keno, an untrained Randi tribesman, was already 28 years old, ___41___ he made his second Olympic
appearance at the 1968 Mexico City Games. Suffering from violent stomach ___42___ (cause) by a gall bladder
infection, Keno entered the 10,000 m. He was running with the leaders when, with two ___43___(circle) to go, he
doubled up with pain and fell onto the field. He jumped back up and finished the race, ___44___ he was canceled
qualification for leaving the track.
Four days later he earned a silver medal in the 5,000 m, ___45___ (leave) behind Mohamed Gammon of
Tunisia by narrowly a metre. In the 1,500 m, Keno tried to defeat the finishing kick of the favourite, Jim Ryan, by
building up a huge lead. His strategy worked and he ___46___ (win) by 20 m, the ___47___(large) advantage of
victory in the history of the event.
In 1972, Keno entered the steeplechase (障碍赛) even though he had little experience in ___48___event. Still,
he was able ___49___( defeat) teammate Ben Jericho and won another gold medal. Six days after this victory, he
added a silver medal in the 1,500 m, winning a good medal.
Keno and his wife, Phyllis,____50____ (eventual) established a children's home and school for orphaned and
abandoned children.
【答案】41. when
42. caused 43. circles
44. but 45. leaving
46. won 47. largest
,
48. the/this
49. to defeat
50. eventually
【解析】
这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了，一个未经训练的兰迪部落人 Kip Keno 第二次参加奥运会，参加 10000 米时
，因身体不适中途离开跑道，后来在 5000 米比赛中赢得了银牌，在 1972 年障碍赛中赢得金牌，六天后又
赢得 1500 米银牌，夫妻二人为无家可归的孩子建立了一所学校。
【41 题详解】
考查定语从句关系词。此处是非限制性定语从句，先行词是 28 years old，指时间，在从句中做时间状语，
应用关系副词 when。故填 when。
【42 题详解】
考查过去分词。本句已有谓语动词 entered 且无连词，此处用非谓语形式，名词短语 a gall bladder infection
和动词 cause 是逻辑上的被动关系，用过去分词表被动，做 a gall bladder infection 的后置定语。故填 caused
。
【43 题详解】
考查名词的数。circle（圈）是可数名词，由数词 two 修饰，此处用复数可数名词。故填 circles。
【44 题详解】
考查连词。本句意为“他跳了起来，跑完了比赛，但由于离开跑道而被取消了参赛资格。”，前后两句表
转折，应用连词 but。故填 but。
【45 题详解】
考查现在分词。本句已有谓语动词 earned 且无连词，此处用非谓语形式，主语 he 和动词 leave 是逻辑上
主动关系，用现在分词（doing）表主动，作状语。故填 leaving。
【46 题详解】
考查时态。事情发生在过去，本句时态为一般过去时，前面谓语动词 worked 用一般过去时，and 表并列，
此空也用一般过去时。故填 won。
【47 题详解】
考查形容词最高级。本句意为“他的策略奏效了，他以 20 米的优势获胜，这是该项目历史上最大的胜利优
的
势。”，此处表“最大的”应用形容词最高级 largest。故填 largest。
【48 题详解】
考查冠词/代词。本句意为“1972 年，Keno 参加了障碍赛跑，尽管他在这个项目上没有什么经验。”，项
目指的是前面的“障碍赛跑”，即可表特指，用定冠词 the；也可表近指，用指示代词 this。故填 the/this。
【49 题详解】
考查动词不定式。固定搭配 be able to do sth.，意为“有能力做某事”，应用动词不定式（to do）。故填 to defeat
。
【50 题详解】
考查副词 副词修饰动词 established，应用副词形式。故填 eventually。
第三部分 写作（共两节，满分 35 分）
第一节 短文改错（共 10 小题;每小题 1 分，满分 10 分）
51.假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有 10 处 语言错
误,每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加:在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧ ），并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除:把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。
修改:在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2.只允许修改 10 处，多者（从第 11 处起）不计分。
I was born as a poor boy and grew up in the streets without the care, guidance and supervision of your beloved
parents. I have been experienced an empty stomach, be almost frozen. And I have also existed without secure shelter
and proper education. As a young man, with some sadly experiences of life, I start to dream for my future. I want to
become a great man who have power and authority, like Abraham Lincoln, Benjamin Franklin, Martin Luther King,
Ralph Waldo Emerson, Winston Churchill and so on. Yes, I dream to become such great man because I want to
change and improved my beloved country, when people in need can live a happy and peaceful life.
。
【答案】
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者出身贫穷，但梦想有所改变，对国家有用。
【详解】1. 考查固定搭配。本句意为“我出生时是个穷孩子，在街上长大，没有我亲爱的父母的关心、指
导和监督。”固定搭配 in the street，意为“在街上”。故将 streets 改为 street。
2. 考查代词。本句意为“我出生时是个穷孩子，在街上长大，没有我亲爱的父母的关心、指导和监督。”
此处指“我的父母的关心、指导和监督。”，应用形容词性物主代词 my。故将 your 改为 my。
3. 考查语态。主语 I 和动词 experience 是主动关系，用主动语态，去掉 been。故去掉 been。
4. 考查现在分词。本句意为“我经历过一次空腹，几乎要被冻僵。”，此句已有谓语 have experienced，且
无连词，其它动词用非谓语形式，主语 I 和动词 freeze 是逻辑上的被动关系，且此动作表正在进行，应用现
在分词的被动式（being done）。故将 be 改为 being。
5. 考查连词。本句意为“我也没有安全的住所或适当的教育。”，此处表选择，应用连词 or。故将 and 改
为 or。
6. 考查形容词。名词 experiences，要用形容词修饰，应用形容词 sad。故将 sadly 改为 sad。
7. 考查主谓一致。 who have power and authority 是定语从句，先行词是 a great man（单数），在从句中作主
语，主谓一致，谓语也用单数。故将 have 改为 has。
8. 考查冠词。固定用法 such + a/an + adj. +单数可数名词，意为“这样/如此……”，great 以辅音音素开头，
用不定冠词 a。故在 great 前面加 a。
9. 考查动词。本句意为“因为我想改变和改善我心爱的国家”，want to do sth.（想要干某事），improve 这
个动作在此处是主动的，不是被动的，应用动词原形 improve 与 change 在语法结构上一致。故将 improved
改为 improve。
10. 考查定语从句关系词。此处是非限制性定语从句，先行词是 my beloved country，指地点，关系词在从句
中作地点状语，应用关系副词。故将 when 改成 where。
第二节书面表达（满分 25 分）
52.假定你是学校花卉社团的社长李华。社团将于下周日在操场上举行花卉展览活动，请给交换生 Bill 写一
封信，邀请他参加。内容包括：
1.时间和地点；
2.活动的主要内容；
3.期待他参加。
注意:1.词数 100 左右；
2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
Dear Bill,
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
Looking forward to your early reply.
Yours,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Bill,
I'm Li Hua, chairman of the Flower Association in our school. Knowing that you are interested in flowers, I am
happily writing to invite you to join in the flower exhibition, which will be held in our school next Sunday.
Here are some details of the flower exhibition. The Flower Association will be the host to prepare most of the
flowers on exhibition and other work, including the exhibition display of shelves and flowers. And a special area is
purposely left for other students to show their flowers. Furthermore, two lectures about Chinese endangered or rare
flowers will be given in the lecture hall too. I'm sure you can enjoy the beauty of flowers and learn a lot, so will you
come?
Looking forward to your early reply.
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】
【分析】
本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生写一封信给交换生 Bill，邀请他参加社团将于下周日在操场上举行花卉
展览活动。
【详解】第一步：审题
体裁：应用文
时态：根据提示，时态应为一般现在时
结构：总分法
总分法指把主题句作为总说，把支持句作为分说，并以这种方式安排所写内容。
要求：1. 时间和地点；
2. 活动的主要内容；
3. 期待他参加。
第二步:列提纲 （重点词组）
the Flower Association；be interested in；invite sb. to do sth.；the flower exhibition；be left for
第三步：连词成句
1. I'm Li Hua, chairman of the Flower Association in our school.
2. Knowing that you are interested in flowers, I am happily writing to invite you to join in the flower exhibition,
3. And a special area is purposely left for other students to show their flowers.
(根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。）
第四步：连句成篇（衔接词）
1.表文章结构顺序：First of all, Firstly/First, Secondly/Second… And then, Finally, In the end, At last, Last but not
least
2.表并列补充关系：What is more, Besides, Moreover, Furthermore, In addition, As well as, not only…but (also),
including, also
3.表转折对比关系：However, On the contrary, but, Although + clause (从句), In spite of + n/doing, On the one
hand…,On the other hand… Some…,while others…,as for, so…that…
4.表因果关系：Because, As, So, Thus, Therefore, As a result
5 表换一种方式表达：In other words, that is to say,
6.表进行举例说明：For example; For instance; such as + n/doing
7.表陈述事实：In fact, frankly speaking
8.表选择：either…or…，or
连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰。
第五步：润色修改
【点睛】范文内容完整，结构严谨，要点全面，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当，上下文意思连贯，符合
逻辑关系。作者在范文中使用了主从复合句，如 Knowing that you are interested in flowers 这句话中用了 that
引导的宾语从句，如 which will be held in our school next Sunday 这句话中用了 which 引导的非限制性定语从
句；使用了非常好的短语，如 be interested in，invite sb. to do sth.，be left for 等，为文章增色不少；并注意了
句子的衔接，如 And，Furthermore。全文中没有中国式英语的句式，显示了很高的驾驭英语的能力。另外，
文章思路清晰、层次分明，上下句转换自然，为文章增色添彩。
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