2021届高三英语新高考一轮复习讲义（九）听说测试（口语考试）中需要注意的的停顿和意群划分

2021 届高三英语新高考一轮复习讲义（九） 听说测试（口语考试）中需要注意的的停顿和意群划分 英语和汉语一样，人们在朗读或讲话时，为了生动、清楚地表达自己的意思，或 作稍微短暂的呼吸换气，将意思表达完整，往往需要在语言表述的某些地方加以停顿。讲 话者不得随意乱停，若停顿的不是地方，不仅不能准确的表达意思，而且可能引出许多笑 话或误会来。譬如，汉语中人们常说的这样一则笑话：“我是××总经理”、“派来 的”。就是因为停顿上的错误，让人误解，觉得滑稽可笑。 同学们在平时的口语学习和操练中，如果缺少对意群划分的认识，就会不知该在何处 停顿换气，影响口语成绩，对以后的清晰流畅交流也不利。我们结合教学实际，应用有关 理论，就意群在英语停顿中作用问题作一探讨。 【停顿 pausing】 英语语法规定根据阅读或讲话句子长短情况，可按意群进行停顿。在同一意群的各个 词之间不能停顿，而应一口气读完，以便整体意思不致中断，使人能完整地理解讲话人的 意图和目的。 例如： I did not see Mary / at the party . Yangzi River is the longest river / in our country . A child begins / to speak / the moment it opens its lips / to utter any sound. 注意： 意群和意群之间并非一定要停顿，根据情况，有些可停也可不停。例如：上例就可不 停。 Ｉdid not see Mary at the party . Yangzi River is the longest river in our country . 上例也可少停一次： A child begins to speak / the moment it opens its lips / to utter any sound. 知道停顿的规则之后，但要准确地运用还必须弄清楚英语中的意群及其划分。 【意群 Sense-groups】 1.意群指句子可以按照意思和语法结构分为若干段落，每一个段落就称为一个意群； 2.它是在意思上相对完整，在语法上密切联系，不能再分的一个词组。 例如 1.下列句子可分为两个意群： We study hard/for our country . There are only two windows/in that room. 2.下列句子可分为三个意群： I will be glad/to meet you again/next year. He said/that he would do better/in his English study. 3.下列句子可分为四个意群： We worked/with the workers there/and learned a lot/from them. The forest had been green/in the summer/when we had come/into the town . 【意群的划分】 一般规则如下： 1.冠词与名词划为同一意群： There is an English novel on the bookshelf. The film we saw last night is very interesting. 2.形容词与名词划为一个意群： Please pass me that red-blue pencil. I have not enough money to buy it. 3.系动词与表语划为一个意群： How to go there is a problem. To rise early is his custom. 4.介词短语划为一个意群： There are some tall trees in front of the building. Keep him in the dark about the matter. 5.动词不定式短语划为一个意群： I refused to believe the evil rumor. Because he is ill , he feels unable to do it to it 6.分词短语化为一个意群： They lived in a room facing the south. A letter posted today will reach him the day after tomorrow. 7.动名词短语划为一个意群： Seeing him happy made me happy too. Have you finished correcting the students’papers? 8.动词及其主语或宾语划为一个意群： We can sing a song in English I received a letter from him after a long silence. 9.副词与动词放在一起划为一个意群： He has been working hard since he came here. Now that you are a big boy, you must behave better. 10.关系词与从句、连词与其后面部分划为一个意群： We should strike while the iron is white hot. Take the medicine before you go to bed. He said that he would come to see you soon. Do you know whose pen it is? She told a story which moved us deeply. We should never pretend to know what we do not know. You can go either by boat or by train. I awoke one morning and found myself famous. 因此，朗读时一个意群不能分开读，即不能在意群中间停顿，否则，就会影响整 体意思的表达和理解，出现与前面提到的与汉语一样的错误，在高考口语复习中应引起重 视。