高三英语
（共分 II 卷，满分 130 分，考试时间 100 分钟）
第 I 卷 （满分 95 分）
第一部分：英语知识运用（满分 45 分）
第一节：单项填空（共 15 个小题，每小题 1 分，满分 15 分）
从 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
1.—I have just made great progress in learning to drive.
—______!
A. How lucky B. You bet C. Cheer up D. Keep it up
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查情景交际。句意：——我在学习驾驶方面取得了很大的进步。——继续保持下
去！A. How lucky 多么幸运；B. You bet 当然；C. Cheer up 高兴起来；D. Keep it up 保持优秀成
绩，继续下去。上文说“在学习驾驶方面取得了很大的进步”，应回答“继续保持这种进步
（Keep it up）”更符合语境。故选 D。
2.Wild animals in nature reserves need to develop their survival skills and their wild nature.
A. display B. possess
C. maintain D. monitor
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：自然保护区的野生动物需要发展他们的生存技能，保持
他们的野生本性。A. display 表现；B. possess 拥有；C. maintain 保持；D. monitor 监控。根据
句意故应选 maintain，表示“保持”。选 C。
3.he law is equally applied to everyone. No one _______ be above it.
A. shall B. must
C. may D. need
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查情态动词。句意：法律面前人人平等。没有人能凌驾于法律之上。A. shall 用于第二、第三人称，则含有命令、警告、允诺或威胁的语气。B. must（必须，一定）用于肯定
句。C. may（可以，能够）表允许时一般不与第三人称连用。D. need (表示没有必要或询问是
否有必要) 需要；故选 A。
4.— How could they misunderstand me like that?
—Just keep silent! It’s the best way to let them know they you wrong.
A. do B. did
C. are doing D. had done
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查动词时态。句意：-他们怎么能那样误解我呢?- 保持沉默!这是让他们知道他们
做错了你的最好方式。根据 how could 可知这件事情发生在过去，所以用 did you wrong 来表示
过去他们错怪了你。故选 B。
5.---Even if we have had advanced technology, we can’t bring dinosaurs back to life.
---______. They died out long ago and their DNA was already destroyed.
A. That’s it B. That’s all right C. It depends D. It’s up to
you
【答案】A
【解析】
【分析】
【详解】考查交际用语。句意：---即使我们有了先进的技术，我们也无法让恐龙复活。---就
是这样！它们很久以前就灭绝了，它们的 DNA 已经被破坏了。A. That’s it.就是这样。B.
That’s all right.没关系。C. It depends.视情况而定。D. It’s up to you.由你来定。根据下文可知，
恐龙无法复活了，因此推断同意前文说的，认为就那样了。故选 A 项。
【点睛】交际用语题，要注意上下文的语境，根据上下文表达的意思选出正确的选项。比如
该题，句意：---即使我们有了先进的技术，我们也无法让恐龙复活。
---就是这样！它们很久以前就灭绝了，它们的 DNA 已经被破坏了。A. That’s it.意为：是的；
就是这样。B. That’s all right. 意为：没关系。C. It depends. 意为：视情况而定。 D. It’s up
to you. 意为：由你来定。根据句意，故选 A 项。
6.Mary is very ______ towards her colleagues in the company, so they are willing to cooperate with her.
A. sensitive B. considerate C. thankful D. aggressive
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Mary 对公司的同事很体贴，所以他们都愿意与她合作。
A. sensitive 敏感的；B. considerate 体贴的；C. thankful 感谢的；D. aggressive 好斗的。结合后
文 so they are willing to cooperate with her.可推知 Mary 对同事很体贴（considerate），所以他们
都愿意与她合作。故选 B。
7.The habit of writing down information enables people to memorise, to ______ and to process it,
helping to learn new knowledge.
A. raise B. predict C. combine D. present
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：写下信息的习惯能使人们记忆、组合和处理信息，有助
于学习新知识。A. raise 养育；B. predict 预测；C. combine 组合；D. present 颁发，提出。结合
后文 and to process it, helping to learn new knowledge.可知此处指写下信息的习惯能使人们记忆、
组合（combine）和处理信息，有助于学习新知识。故选 C。
8.The eco-friendly water bottles are easy to ______, which causes no harm to the environment.
A. break down B. burn out C. burst out D. put down
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：环保水瓶容易分解，对环境没有危害。A. break down 分
解，发生故障；B. burn out 烧坏；C. burst out 突发，摆脱；D. put down 放下。根据后文 which
causes no harm to the environment.可推知此处指环保水瓶容易分解（break down），对环境没有
危害。故选 A。
9.Cambridge gave a positive answer ______ inquiries on whether it recognizes gaokao scores.
A. in favor of B. in response to
C. in salute to D. in preparation for
【答案】B
【解析】【详解】考查介词短语辨析。句意：剑桥大学在回答是否承认高考分数的问题时给出了肯定
的回答。A. in favor of 赞成；B. in response to 回应；C. in salute to 向……致敬；D. in preparation
for 准备。根据空前的 gave a positive answer(给出了肯定的回答)及空后的 inquiries on whether it
recognizes gaokao scores(是否承认高考分数的询问)可知空前的回答是对空后的询问的回应。in
response to 意为“回应”，符合语境。故选 B 项。
10.______ some users of the smart watches for two years, they draw a conclusion that it is necessary to
renew the software.
A. Following B. To follow C. Followed D. Having
followed
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查时态及非谓语动词。句意：在对一些智能手表用户进行了两年的跟踪调查后，
他们得出结论：有必要更新该软件。follow some users of the smart watches(对一些智能手表用户
进行跟踪调查)这件事发生在 draw a conclusion(得出结论)之前，因此要使用现在完成时，表示
过去的动作或状态持续到现在并且已经完成，对现在造成的影响。又因为 follow(跟踪)在句中
作非谓语，这个动作与其逻辑主语 they 之间是主动关系，因此使用 have followed 的现在分词
形式。故填 Having followed。故选 D 项。
【点睛】非谓语动词，又叫非限定动词，非谓语动词是指在句子中不是谓语的动词，主要包
括不定式、动名词和分词（现在分词和过去分词），即动词的非谓语形式。判断题中非谓语动
词与逻辑主语之间是什么关系，如本题中 follow(跟踪)这个动作与其逻辑主语 they 之间是主动
关系，故用现在分词形式。
11.What worried me was that the baby who ______ his mother during his birth was still in ICU.
A. Loses B. lost C. has lost D. had lost
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查时态。句意：令我担心的是，在出生时失去母亲的那个婴儿仍在重症监护室。What
worried me was(令我担忧的是)使用的是一般过去时，判断“在出生时失去了母亲”这件事发生
在“担忧”这个动作之前，表示过去的过去要用过去完成时，由had 加过去分词构成。故选 D
项。
12.With the number of homecoming overseas students ________ up in recent years, the attraction of foreign degree holders has gradually faded.
A. shot B. being shot
C. shooting D. to shoot
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查固定用法。句意：近年来，由于归国留学生人数的激增，外国学位持有者的吸
引力逐渐减弱。本句为 with 的复合结构，shoot 与 overseas students 构成逻辑上的主谓关系，
故用现在分词作原因状语，故选 C。
13.We live in this society now ________ literally someone is always helping.
A. when B. where
C. that D. what
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查定语从句连接词。句意：我们现在生活在这样一个确实有人一直在帮助我们的
社会里。本句为定语从句修饰先行词 the society，且先行词在定语从句中做地点状语，故用
where 相当于 in which。故选 B。
14.People crowd into ________ cherry trees are blooming, appreciating the fresh spring sight.
A. what B. when
C. which D. where
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查宾语从句引导词。句意：人们涌向樱花盛开的地方，欣赏清新的春光。从句做
介词 into 的宾语，且从句缺少地点状语。A. what 什么；B. when 什么时候；C. which 哪一个；
D. where 哪儿。故选 D。
【点睛】名词性从句中引导词的确定要根据从句的句子类型，如果从句是陈述句，引导词为
that，如从句是一般疑问句、选择疑问句、反意疑问句，则引导词为 if 或 whether，如果从句
是特殊疑问句就用它原来的疑问代词或疑问副词作为引导词。本题做题步骤①分析主句 People
crowd into…可知，本题考查宾语从句。②分析从句 cherry trees are blooming 不缺主语或宾语，
那就不能填关系代词。③再根据翻译确定关系副词。
15.______ you lose in life, don’t lose faith and hope, with which you can live a happy life and achieve your goals.
A. Whenever B. Wherever C. Whatever D. Whoever
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查状语从句连接词。句意：生活中无论失去什么，都不要失去信念和希望，有了
信念和希望，你就能过上幸福的生活，实现你的目标。A. Whenever 无论何时；B. Wherever 无
论在哪里；C. Whatever 无论什么；D. Whoever 无论谁。此处为让步状语从句，表示“无论什
么”应用 whatever 引导，相当于 no matter what。故选 C。
第二节：完型填空（共 20 个小题，每小题 1.5 分，满分 30 分）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从 16～35 各题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，
选出最佳选项。
The most destructive(破坏性的)wildfire in California’s history started on Nov 8, 2018,
___16___ by bad electrical cables(电缆)in the town of Paradise. It burned for 17 days and caused
$16.5 billion in ___17___, destroying nearly 19,000 buildings, killing 85 people and leaving 50,000
others homeless. Paradise was ___18___ a paradise(乐土).
Shane Grammer grew up 15 miles away in Chico, and he ___19___ the news of the fire’s deadly
path from his home in Los Angeles. The 47-year-old father of three works as a creative director for
Disney’s theme parks. Grammer still has ___20___ in the Paradise area. When his childhood buddy,
Shane Edwards, posted pictures of his white chimney ― the only part of his house to ___21___ ―
Grammer felt helpless. And then he had a(n)___22___.
“I’ve got to paint that ___23___,” he told Inside Edition. “It was an opportunity for me to express
myself and be a(n)___24___.
On Dec 31, Grammer ___25___ three hours painting a beautifully sad black-and-white image(画
像)of a woman on the chimney — a reminder, perhaps, of the ___26___ of life, or even just of life
itself.
Grammer ___27___ the image on Instagram. The victims(受害者)）of the fire, especially, had
___28___ feelings. “You bring beauty and hope,” one said.
___29___, Grammer realized that his artistic expression had ___30___ into something deeper,
the hallmark(特征)of true art. Over a period of three months he returned eight times, ___31___ 17
pictures of victims and mythical(神话里的)heroes on walls, pickup trucks, and ruined buildings. “There is___32___,” he explains. “There is beauty in the ashes.”
Grammer’s work in Paradise has become a bigger ___33___. He has traveled the world painting
big pictures in ___34___ places that needed some light: a home for orphans(孤儿)in Tijuana,
Mexico; a youth center in San Francisco. “I want to do something powerful and create art that
___35___ people,” he says.
16. A. turned down B. put forward C. brought about D. broke out
17. A. damage B. use C. waste D. question
18. A. as usual B. at last C. once again D. no longer
19. A. made B. followed C. ignored D. missed
20. A. students B. co-workers C. friends D. children
21. A. survive B. disappear C. continue D. exist
22. A. dream B. idea C. excuse D. chance
23. A. fire B. wall C. house D. chimney
24. A. artist B. director C. reporter D. tourist
25. A. wasted B. saved C. took D. spent
26. A. purpose B. truth C. beauty D. choice
27. A. sold B. noticed C. discovered D. posted
28. A. angry B. upset C. strong D. strange
29. A. Generally B. Suddenly C. Luckily D. Hopefully
30. A. changed B. divided C. cut D. formed
31. A. printing B. painting C. buying D. collecting
32. A. luck B. doubt C. hope D. happiness
33. A. task B. game C. experiment D. project
34. A. busy B. dark C. lonely D. quiet
35. A. moves B. excites C. warns D. surprises
【答案】16. C 17. A 18. D 19. B 20. C 21. A 22. B 23. D 24. A
25. D 26. C 27. D 28. C 29. B 30. A 31. B 32. C 33. D 34. B
35. A
【解析】
这是一篇记叙文。2018 年 11 月 8 日，加州史上最具破坏性的山火给人们带来了巨大灾难。Shane Grammer 看到儿时的伙伴在大火后上传的家中剩下的唯一的烟囱照片时，他有了一个主
意，他要把烟囱画下来，这是他表达自我、成为艺术家的机会。后来他创作出更多感人们的
艺术。
【16 题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：2018 年 11 月 8 日，加州发生史上最具破坏性的山火，起因是“天
堂镇”电缆故障。A. turned down 调低，拒绝；B. put forward 提出；C. brought about 引起；导致；
D. broke out 爆发，突然发生。根据 The most destructive（破坏性的）wildfire 和 by bad electrical
cables 可知，山火是电缆故障“引起的”。故选 C。
【17 题详解】
考查名词辨析。句意：大火持续了 17 天，造成 165 亿美元的损失，摧毁了近 1.9 万座建筑，
造成 85 人死亡，5 万人无家可归。A. damage 损害；B. use 使用；C. waste 浪费；D. question 问
题。根据下文的 destroying nearly 19,000 buildings, killing 85 people and leaving 50,000 others
homeless 可知，山火带来的“损害”。故选 A。
【18 题详解】
考查词组。句意：天堂不再是天堂。A. as usual 像平常一样；B. at last 最后；C. once again
再一次；D. no longer 不再。山火造成巨大破坏，因此天堂镇不再是天堂。no longer“不再”，符
合题意。故选 D。
【19 题详解】
考查动词辨析。句意：沙恩·格兰默(Shane Grammer)在 15 英里外的奇科(Chico)长大，他从洛
杉矶的家中就开始追踪火灾的致命路径。A. made 制造；B. followed 跟随；C. ignored 忽视；
D. missed 错过，想念。根据下文的 from his home in Los Angeles 可知是从家里开始“跟踪，追
随”。故选 B。
【20 题详解】
考查名词辨析。句意：Grammer 在天堂地区仍然有朋友。A. students 学生；B. co-workers 同事；
C. friends 朋友；D. children 孩子。根据下文的 his childhood buddy, Shane Edwards 可知，他
在那里有“朋友”。故选 C。
【21 题详解】
考查动词辨析。句意：当他儿时的伙伴谢恩·爱德华兹上传他的白色烟囱的照片时——这是他
房子里唯一幸存的部分——祖父感到很无助。A. survive 幸存；B. disappear 消失；C. continue
继续；D. exist 存在。根据 the only part of his house 可知这是大火后他房子里的唯一“幸存”。故选 A。
【22 题详解】
考查名词辨析。句意：然后他有了一个主意。A. dream 梦想；B. idea 主意，想法；C. excuse
借口，理由；D. chance 机会。根据 Grammer felt helpless. 和 It was an opportunity for me to express
myself 可知，他有了一个“主意”。故选 B。
【23 题详解】
考查名词辨析。句意：“我必须画那个烟囱，”他告诉 Inside Edition。A. fire 火；B. wall 墙；C.
house 房子；D. chimney 烟囱。根据下文 three hours painting a beautifully sad black-and-white
image(画像)of a woman on the chimney — a reminder,可知他要“画”那个烟囱。故选 D。
【24 题详解】
考查名词辨析。句意：对我来说，这是一个表达自我、成为艺术家的机会。A. artist 艺术家；
B. director 主管，导演；C. reporter 记者；D. tourist 旅行者。此处指画烟囱，所以和“导演、记
者和旅行者”都没关系，应该是成为“艺术家”的机会。故选 A。
【25 题详解】
考查动词辨析。句意：12 月 31 日，Grammer 花了 3 个小时，画了一幅烟囱上的女人的美丽而
悲伤的黑白画——这也许是对生命之美，甚至是对生命本身的一种提醒。A. wasted 浪费；B.
saved 挽 救 ； C. took 拿 走 ； D. spent 花 费 。 根 据 three hours painting a beautifully sad
black-and-white image（画像）of a woman on the chimney 可知是“花费”了三个小时画烟囱。故
选 D。
【26 题详解】
考查名词辨析。句意：12 月 31 日，Grammer 花了 3 个小时，画了一幅烟囱上的女人的美丽而
悲伤的黑白画——这也许是对生命之美，甚至是对生命本身的一种提醒。A. purpose 目的；B.
truth 真理，事实；C. beauty 美丽；D. choice 选择。根据空 13 后的“You bring beauty and hope,”
可知，此处指生命之美。故选 C。
【27 题详解】
考查动词辨析。句意：Grammer 在 Instagram 上发布了这张照片。A. sold 卖；B. noticed 注意到；
C. discovered 发现；D. posted 贴出，通告。根据 the image on Instagram 可知是“发布”了照片。
故选 D。
【28 题详解】
考查形容词辨析。句意：尤其是火灾的受害者，他们有着强烈的感情。A. angry 生气的；B. upset 心烦的；C. strong 强壮的；D. strange 奇怪的。根据 The victims（受害者）of the fire 和
feelings 可知，火灾受害者遭受巨大苦难，因此推断他们有“强烈的”感情，深有感触。故选 C。
【29 题详解】
考查副词辨析。句意：突然，Grammer 意识到他的艺术表达已经变得更深了，是真正艺术的
标志。A. Generally 通常地，一般地；B. Suddenly 突然地；C. Luckily 幸运地；D. Hopefully
充满希望地。根据 something deeper, the hallmark（特征）of true art.可知，他“突然”意识到自己
的艺术表达已经成为更深的东西，那种真正艺术的特征。故选 B。
【30 题详解】
考查动词辨析。句意：突然，Grammer 意识到他的艺术表达已经变得更深了，是真正艺术的
标志。A. changed 改变；B. divided 分开，分离；C. cut 切，割；D. formed 构成。根据 something
deeper 可知，“变得”更深了。故选 A。
【31 题详解】
考查动词辨析。句意：在 3 个月的时间里，他回来了 8 次，在墙上、小货车上和废墟上画了 17
幅受害者和神话英雄的画像。A. printing 印刷；B. painting 绘画；C. buying 买；D. collecting
收集。根据 17 pictures of victims and mythical（神话里的）heroes on walls 可知，只有 painting
符合语境。故选 B。
【32 题详解】
考查名词辨析。句意：“还有希望，”他解释道。“灰烬中有美。”A. luck 幸运；B. doubt 怀疑；
C. hope 希望；D. happiness 幸福。根据下文“There is beauty in the ashes.”可知，还有“希望”。故
选 C。
33 题详解】
考查名词辨析。句意：Grammer 在 Paradise 的工作已经成为一个更大的项目。A. task 任务；
B. game 游戏；C. experiment 实验；D. project 工程，项目。根据下文 a home for orphans(孤
儿)in Tijuana, Mexico; a youth center in San Francisco.可知，这里指工作已经成为更大的“项目”。
故选 D。
【34 题详解】
考查形容词辨析。句意：他周游世界，在需要光线的黑暗地方画大画:墨西哥提华纳的孤儿之
家；旧金山的一个青年中心。A. busy 忙碌的；B. dark 黑暗的；C. lonely 寂寞的；D. quiet 安静
的。根据下文的 places that needed some light 可知是在“黑暗的”地方。故选 B。
【35 题详解】
【考查动词辨析。句意：他说:“我想做一些有力量的事情，创造出能够感动人们的艺术。”A.
moves 感动，移动；B. excites 使兴奋；C. warns 警告；D. surprises 惊讶。根据 something powerful and
create art 可知，创造的画“感动”人们。故选 A。
第二部分 阅读理解（共 20 个小题，每小题 2.5 分，满分 50 分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
Here 's your weekly roundup of who's hiring in town and in nearby St. Charles County and
Maryland Heights.
Who's Hiring: Petco
Location: St. Charles
Job: Cashier
Description: The cashier will help achieve store sales goals while helping to provide customers
with the products they need for happy and healthy pets. Petco is looking to you to provide exceptional
customer service as you perform all aspects of point of sale service - cash, credit and check sales,
returns and exchanges: This means offering quick and polite response to those customers who choose
to shop with us.
Requirements: While a high school diploma is preferred, you must be able to demonstrate basic
math skill and strong communication skills. You must be customer service focused and able to interact
professionally and effectively through both verbal and written communication with everyone with
whom you come into contact.
To Apply: Apply online.
※ ※ ※
Who's Hiring: City of St. Peters
Location: St. Peters
Job: Temporary Parks Worker
Description: Performs general labor to repair and maintain parks, playgrounds, athletic fields,
and trails. Operates and performs minor maintenance to light and heavy equipment, power tools,
motorized equipment, and vehicles.
Requirements: Must be a U.S. Citizen. High School graduate certificate. One year of applicable experience. Ability to frequently lift and/or move up t0 50 pounds and carry it a reasonable distance,
and occasionally lift and/or move more than 75 pounds.
Pay: $15.27 per hour
To Apply: Apply in person, fax t0 636-477-1044, or mail to: #1205-Human Resources, City of St.
Peters, P.O. Box 9, St. Peters MO 63376.
※ ※ ※
Who's Hiring: Commerce Bank
Location: Maryland Heights
Job: Teller
Description: Responsible for handling deposits, check cashing, money orders, official checks,
traveler's checks, and saving bonds. Know customers’ needs and suggest appropriate bank
services. Make referrals (移交) to sales staff to assist the branch in meeting its sales goals.
Commerce Bank reserves the right to fill all Part Time Teller positions as soon as qualified candidates
are identified.
To Apply: Apply online.
36. What can we conclude from the passage?
A. St. Charles County witnesses less job chances.
B. There are more people seeking for jobs.
C. Maryland Heights will accept professions.
D. There are some job opportunities mentioned.
37. If you want to be a cashier ________.
A. you should provide customers what they need for free.
B. you should make the customers satisfied all the time
C. you should exchange ideas with customers freely
D. you should select goods instead of helping the customers
38. If you apply for the Temporary Parks worker________.
A. you must be an excellent athlete
B. you should finish the college course
C. you must be an American citizen
D. you should have your own vehicle39. Which of them doesn’t refer to education requirements?
A Commerce Bank. B. City of St. Peters.
C. Petco. D. All of them.
40. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
A. A teller should make advice for customers wisely.
B. A parks worker should weigh less than 75 pounds.
C. You must get in touch with Commerce Bank by phone.
D. You can earn the most if you choose City of St. Peters.
【答案】36. D 37. B 38. C 39. A 40. A
【解析】
这是一篇应用文。文章介绍了这周在城里，附近的 St. Charles County 和 Maryland Heights 的招
聘信息。有三则招聘，分别介绍了谁在招人，地点，职位，职务介绍及应聘方式。
【36 题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段中的 Here’s your weekly roundup of who’s hiring in town and in nearby
St. Charles County and Maryland Heights.(这是你每周的在城里和附近的圣查尔斯郡和马里兰高
地招聘信息汇总。)可知这篇文章介绍了一些招聘信息，因此可知其提供了一些工作机会。故
选 D 项。
【37 题详解】
细节理解题。根据对第一个职位 Cashier(收银员)的描述中的 Requirements 中的 You must be
customer service focused(你必须专注于顾客服务)可知如果你想当收银员，你应该让顾客感到满
意。因此 B 项描述正确，A、C、D 项描述的比较片面，只是服务的一部分。故选 B 项。
【38 题详解】
细节理解题。根据对第二个职位 Temporary Parks Worker 的描述中的 Requirements 中的 Must
be a U.S. Citizen.(必须是美国公民)可知如果你申请公园临时工作人员的职位，你必须是美国公
民。故选 C 项。
【39 题详解】
细节理解题。根据对第一个职位中的 Requirements: While a high school diploma is preferred(需要
高中毕业)，第二个职位中的 Requirements:…High School graduate certificate.(需要高中毕业证书)
可知第三个职位，即圣彼得斯市商业银行的出纳员职位没有提教育要求。故选 A 项。
【40 题详解】细节理解题。根据对第三个职位（出纳员）的描述中的 Know customers’ needs and suggest
appropriate bank services.(了解客户的需求并提出适当的银行服务建议。)可知出纳员应该明智
地为顾客提供建议。因此 A 项描述正确。故选 A 项。
B
Dear daughters,
Most parents tell their children, “You can be anything you want when you grow up.” I feel the
same and I say this often. But I also want you to understand that realizing your dreams comes from
hard work, some good luck and good timing. Here are some words of wisdom for you as you make
your way in the world, from an entrepreneur (企业家) and from your mama.
1. Be open-minded to changing your path along the way
In high school, I wanted to be a politician. I left my hometown and went off to college in
Washington, DC. There, I discovered that I loved to support women. It taught me that I’m creative, a
strong leader and great at marketing. As a result, I moved on to be the head of a national healthcare
nonprofit. Becoming a mother while in that job opened my mind to launching a breast pump bag (储
奶袋) business. Now I run a highly successful company that I started up on my own. I'm not a
politician!
2.Failure is critical to your success
Failure can be heartbreaking. But I will tell you that every failure I’ve had along the way has
absolutely made me better. Failing the big math exam in high school and going to summer school was
embarrassing. I eventually passed, and I’ve never failed an exam again. I learned from that experience
to ask for help. Now, I ask for help in business all the time. I’m proud to be a role model to you as a
mom and an entrepreneur. I hope I inspire you to believe that you can be anything you want. It will be
my pleasure to watch your lives unfold before my eyes.
Love,
Your mom
41. In the writer’s opinion, what does it take to realize one’s dream?
A. Failure, hard work and good timing.
B. An open mind, failure and hard work.
C. Hard work, good luck and good timing.
D. A good dream, an open mind and hard work.42. What message does the author want to convey through paragraph 2?
A. She likes doing different jobs.
B. She likes doing challenging jobs.
C. She is willing to consider different ideas.
D. She intends to become an entrepreneur.
43. What did the author learn from her failure?
A. Failure can make us embarrassed.
B. We shouldn’t get angry when we fail.
C. Don’t care too much about your failure.
D. It’s important to turn to others for help.
44. Which of the following words best describe the writer?
A. Political and proud.
B. Caring and cautious.
C. Modest and unlucky.
D. Flexible and successful.
【答案】41. C 42. C 43. D 44. D
【解析】
这是一篇应用文。本文是一位妈妈写给女儿的一封信，信中妈妈介绍了自己的成功经验，并
对女儿的未来之路提出了一些建议。
【41 题详解】
细节理解题。文章第一段最后一句 But I also want you to understand that realizing your dreams
comes from hard work, some good luck and good timing.（但我也想让你明白，实现你的梦想来自
于努力工作，一些好运和良好的时机。）可知在作者看来，实现一个人的梦想需要努力工作，
好运，好的时机。故选 C 项。
【42 题详解】
主旨大意题。根据文章第 2 段，在高中的时候，作者想当一名政治家（In high school, I wanted
to be a politician），但是到了大学后，作者成为了全国性非营利医疗保健机构的负责人（As a
result, I moved on to be the head of a national healthcare nonprofit）。再成为母亲后，作者开始了储
奶袋的生意（launching a breast pump bag business）。而现在的作者却在经营一家公司，不是当
初想做的政治人物（Now I run a highly successful company that I started up on my own. I'm not a politician!）。由此可知，作者乐于考虑各种各样的想法。紧扣该段的主题--- Be open-minded to
changing your path along the way（对改变你的道路保持开放的心态）。故选 C 项。
【43 题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段 I learned from that experience to ask for help.（我从那次经历中学
会了寻求帮助。）可知作者从她的失败中学到了向别人求助是很重要的。故选 D 项。
44 题详解】
推理判断题。根据作者在第 2 段提到的经历：高中时作者想当一名政治家，但到了大学后，
作者成为了全国性非营利医疗保健机构的负责人。成为母亲后，作者开始了储奶袋的生意，
最后作者开了一家成功的公司。可见作者是灵活的，想法是多变的；再根据第二段 Now I run a
highly successful company that I started up on my own（现在我自己开了一家非常成功的公司）还
可以看出作者是一位成功的企业家。综合分析。故选 D 项。
C
With climate change and overfishing threatening our oceans, it is becoming increasingly
important for researchers to closely observe and check sea animals and plants. However, it’s almost
impossible to make it since human presence scares the animals. Now, thanks to the robot, aka SoFi,
researchers may be able to solve the problem.
Built by MIT’s laboratory, the snow-white remote-controlled robot simulates fish, complete with
a flexible tail that moves from side to side and two “fins (鳍)”.
When the robot is under the sea, a motor is pumping water into a pair of balloon-like rooms
located in the robot’s tail. These rooms operate similarly to the key parts in engines. As one room
expands, the tail bends to one side; when the motor pushes water to the other channel, the tail bends in
the other direction. Thus the robot gains the ability to move to where it wants to go.
SoFi solves many of the issues that have affected the usefulness of previous robots --- some types
of autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs)
AUVs traditionally often have had to be tied to a boat because radio frequency communications
do not work well underwater. So researchers use sound waves. The new technology can travel greater
distances, allowing drivers, by using a controller, to pilot SoFi from up to 50 feet away. SoFi can move
around the ocean, unaffected by ropes. Also limiting traditional AUVs’ usefulness is the risk of hitting
something, like hard stones. With the outside made of rubber and plastic that can keep its built-in
electronics dry, SoFi can efficiently avoid hitting. So a soft robot is more likely to survive a potential
【crisis.
During test dives in Rainbow Reef, SoFi swam alongside the unsuspecting ocean life at depths of
50 feet for up to 40 minutes at a time, obtaining high-quality photos and videos. More importantly, it
was able to do so without causing any disturbance. Researchers say sometimes the fish would swim
alongside the strange-looking robot in curiosity, while at other times they appeared to completely
ignore its existence. “It’s not perfect, but we’re improving it. Our efforts will pay off,” says Robert
Katzschmann.
45. The robot SoFi is created to ________.
A. observe climate change B. help to monitor sea creatures
C. catch fish and observe them D. prevent overfishing in oceans
46. What does the underlined word “simulates” in Paragraph 2 probably mean?
A. Is modeled after. B. Is designed for.
C. Is combined with. D. Is applied to.
47. What’s Paragraph 3 mainly written to show?
A. The shape of SoFi. B. The application of SoFi.
C. The structure of SoFi’s tail. D. The theory of SoFi’s movement.
48. The materials for SoFi’s outside help SoFi to ________.
A. stay safe underwater B. take high-quality photos
C. stay deeper under the sea D. better attract sea creatures
49. What’s Robert Katzschmann’s attitude towards SoFi?
A. Satisfied. B. Negative. C. Hopeful. D. Neutral.
【答案】45. B 46. A 47. D 48. A 49. C
【解析】
本文是说明文，文章介绍了科学家成功地研制出机器鱼，帮助研究人员密切关注海洋生物。
【45 题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中“it is becoming increasingly important for researchers to closely
observe and check sea animals and plants. However, it’s almost impossible to make it since human
presence scares the animals. Now, thanks to the robot, aka SoFi, researchers may be able to solve the
problem. ”，研究人员需要密切观察海洋动植物，但是这很难做到，因为人类的存在会吓到动
物。机器人 SoFi 或许可以帮助研究人员解决这个问题。由此可知，制作机器鱼 SoFi 的目的是帮助研究人员监控海洋生物。故选 B 项。
【46 题详解】
词义猜测题。根据第二段中划线词后的一句“…complete with a flexible tail that moves from side
to side and two “fins (鳍)”.（配有可以从一边到另一边移动的灵活的尾巴，还有两个“鳍”。）”可
知，遥控机器人是模仿真实的鱼类制作的。因此可以推测“simulates”意思为“模仿”。短语be
modelled after 意思为“根据……仿造”。故选A 项。
【47 题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段的内容“When the robot is under the sea, a motor is pumping water into a
pair of balloon-like rooms located in the robot’s tail. These rooms operate similarly to the key parts in
engines. As one room expands, the tail bends to one side; when the motor pushes water to the other
channel, the tail bends in the other direction. （当机器人在海底时，一个马达将水抽进位于机器人
尾部的一对气球状的房间。这些房间的运作类似于发动机的关键部件。当一个房间扩张时，
尾巴会向一边弯曲;当发动机将水推到另一个通道时，尾部会向另一个方向弯曲。）”和最后一
句“Thus the robot gains the ability to move to where it wants to go.（这样机器人就能够移动到它
想去的地方。）”可以推断，该段是介绍机器鱼 SoFi 在海底向前移动的原理。故选 D 项。
【48 题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段中“With the outside made of rubber and plastic that can keep its built-in
electronics dry, SoFi can efficiently avoid hitting. So a soft robot is more likely to survive a potential
crisis.（由于外壳由橡胶和塑料制成，可以保持内置电子设备的干燥，SoFi 可以有效地避免碰
撞。因此，柔软的机器人更有可能在潜在的危机中幸存下来。）”可知，制作机器鱼SoFi 外壳
的橡胶和塑料材料可以帮助它在海底安全工作。故选 A 项。
【49 题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章最后一句 Robert Katzschmann 所说的话“It’s not perfect, but we’re
improving it. Our efforts will pay off.” 可知，Robert Katzschmann 觉得机器鱼 SoFi 并不完美，
还需要改进，并且相信研究人员的努力将会得到回报。因此可以推断，Robert Katzschmann 对
机器鱼 SoFi 的未来是充满希望的。故选 C 项。
DIt’s good to make mistakes, and here is why.
First of all, mistakes are a clear sign that we are trying new things. It’s always good to try new
things because when we are trying new things, we are growing. If we never try anything new, how can
we improve? How can we expand? The simple answer is “We can’t”. Look around us. With very few
exceptions, either everything you see in your physical world or every single detail of every single
thing is the result of someone trying something new.
Another good thing about mistakes is this: When we are making mistakes, we are learning.
Consider this --- Edison failed 10,000 times before he perfected the light bulb. When asked how it felt
to fail that many times, he said that he had learned 10,000 things that didn’t work.
Finally, when we make a mistake, we are much closer to success. Why? Because when all is said
and done, we will have tried some number of things before we succeeded. Every time we make a
mistake, we eliminate one of those things and are one step closer.
But all this doesn’t mean that we should go through life without considering the consequences of
a mistake. Quite the contrary, when we try something new, we have to be willing to set some
reasonable limits so that in the event that it doesn’t work out the way we want it to, we will be in a
position to try again. We all have limited resources --in the form of time and money -- so we shouldn’t
blow them all on one approach to a problem. Realize that it probably won’t be perfect the first time and
allocate these resources appropriately so we can learn, make corrections, and try it again. Only by
accepting and using our mistakes in this way can we make significant advances in our lives.
There is an old saying that goes, “If you’re not making mistakes, you’re not trying hard enough.”
So go forth and make mistakes. And learn. And grow. And prosper.
50. From the second paragraph, we can conclude that ________.
A. mistakes are unnecessary for development B. mistakes let us see our own limits
C. it’s common for people to make mistakes D. making mistakes is better than not trying
51. According to the passage, if we try new things, we can ________.
A. move forward B. never fail C. obtain nothing D. be closer
to mistakes
52. The underlined word “eliminate” means ________.
A. make up for B. get rid of C. avoid D. solve
53. According to the article, one thing we should pay attention to about making mistakes is ________.A. avoiding making the same mistakes B. accepting the outcome willingly
C. making proper arrangements for our next try D. reflecting on the consequences after
each mistake
54. The article is mainly about ________.
A. how to deal with mistakes B. what benefits making mistakes brings
C. how to achieve success D. how to make use of our mistakes
55. What may the writer probably suggest we say to ourselves when we make a mistake?
A. Never mind, I tried my best. B. That’s all right. I’ll try again.
C. Great! Now I have learned something. D. Look at this mess. Anyone would be
upset.
【答案】50. D 51. A 52. B 53. C 54. B 55. C
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。本文告诉我们不要害怕犯错误，说明了犯错的三点好处：意味着你尝试了
新的东西、你在学习和成功更近了一步了。同时说明了在犯错误时要对下一次尝试进行适当
的安排，以取得进步。
【50 题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段中 First of all, mistakes are a clear sign that we are trying new things. It’s
always good to try new things because when we are trying new things, we are growing. If we never try
anything new, how can we improve? How can we expand?可知首先，错误是我们在尝试新事物的
明显标志。尝试新事物总是好的，因为当我们尝试新事物时，我们在成长。如果我们从不尝
试新事物，我们怎么能改进呢？我们怎么能发展呢？由此可推知，我们可以得出这样的结论，
犯错误总比不努力好。故选 D。
【51 题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中 It’s always good to try new things because when we are trying new
things, we are growing. If we never try anything new, how can we improve? How can we expand? The
simple answer is “We can’t”.可知尝试新事物总是好的，因为当我们尝试新事物时，我们在成长。
如果我们从不尝试新事物，我们怎么能改进呢？我们怎么能发展呢？由此可知，如果我们尝
试新的事物，我们可以向前发展。故选 A。
【52 题详解】
词义猜测题。根据后文 one of those things and are one step closer.可知每一次我们犯了错误，我们就摆脱了其中一个失败的事情，就离目标更近了一步。由此可知，划线单词“eliminate”意
思为“摆脱”。A. make up for 补偿；B. get rid of 摆脱；C. avoid 避免；D. solve 解决。故选 B。
【53 题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中 Realize that it probably won’t be perfect the first time and allocate
these resources appropriately so we can learn, make corrections, and try it again. Only by accepting
and using our mistakes in this way can we make significant advances in our lives.可知要意识到第一
次可能不完美，适当地分配这些资源，这样我们就可以学习、纠正错误，然后再试一次。只
有以这种方式接受和利用我们的错误，我们才能在我们的生活中取得重大的进步。由此可知，
关于犯错误，我们应该注意的一件事是为我们的下一次尝试做适当的安排。故选 C。
【54 题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段 It’s good to make mistakes, and here is why.可知犯错误是好事，原因如
下。结合文章主要告诉我们不要害怕犯错误，说明了犯错 三点好处：意味着你尝试了新的
东西、你在学习和成功更近了一步了。同时说明了在犯错误时要对下一次尝试进行适当的安
排，以取得进步。由此可知，这篇文章主要是关于犯错误带来的好处。故选 B。
【55 题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段中 Another good thing about mistakes is this: When we are making
mistakes, we are learning.可知错误的另一个好处是：当我们犯错时，我们在学习。以及最后一
段中 So go forth and make mistakes. And learn. And grow. And prosper.可知所以要勇往直前，勇于
犯错、学习、成长和成功。由此可推知，当我们犯错误时，作者可能会建议我们对自己说“太
棒了！现在我学到了一些东西”。故选C。
第 II 卷 （满分 35 分）
第一节：阅读表达（共 5 个小题，每小题 2 分，满分 10 分）
阅读短文，并按照题目要求用英语回答问题。
When I was in school, the class I dreaded most was my eighth grade art class. The teacher put
down my every attempt at completing an assignment. I simply couldn’t produce art the way she
wanted it. Luckily, I’d already proven myself in other creative areas. Yet, that art teacher was
successful in convincing me that I had no talent for painting, drawing, or anything related to them.
Imagine my surprise when I published my nature photography and became a volunteer art teacher!
Unfortunately, my story is all too familiar to many people who come through my workshops and
的practice. Even more unfortunately, the vast majority of people were so discouraged in childhood that
they cut off the creative impulse (冲动) in most areas of their lives. Their teachers, parents, or
classmates convinced them they had no talent, so they gave up. The pain of failure was simply too
great.
Why have we forgotten creativity is an experience, not a result? Let’s consider why we express
creativity in first place. To be creative is to be human. Everything we’ve at our disposal (处理) is the
result of someone’s creative expression and willingness to take a risk. Even so, for creativity to flower
and feel free of encumbrance (累赘), it needs to be about the joyful moments spent creating, not just
about what we’ve to show for those moments. Whatever pattern you need to break, try to make it about
the pleasure and not about the outcome.
Therefore, I’d urge you to curb your perfectionism not enthusiasm! Perfectionism is the leading
killer of artistic expression. Relax a little and bring back your childlike nature when you create.
Children instinctively (本能地) know how to give over to the joy --- until someone teaches them
otherwise! Let your creation be whatever it wants to be. See if it can lead you rather than the other way
around. Let your unconsciousness come through, and let the expression of yourself be beautiful
regardless of how it compares to anything else. After all, it’s yours, and no one but you could create it!
56. What made the author give up his dream of art? (no more than 15 words)
57. What does the third paragraph mainly tell us? (no more than 10 words)
58. Please explain the underlined word “curb” in English. (no more than 5 words)
59. According to the passage, what is necessary for a creative person? (no more than 10 words)
60. Do you think you are more creative as a student? Please give an example. (no more than 25 words)
【答案】56. His teacher discouraged him and said he had no talent for art.
Or: His teacher convinced him that he had no talent for art.
57. Creativity is an experience, not a result.
Or: We should enjoy being creative.
58. Limit. / Control. / Hold. / Keep...within limits. / Keep...under control.
59. The childlike nature of creativity.
60. Open.
Yes, perhaps I am. I used to draw a lot of imaginative pictures in childhood.
Or: Yes, I often make some interesting handmade things by myself.【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇议论文。作者通过自己的亲身经历：八年级时美术老师成功地让他相信，他没有绘
画以及与它有关的任何东西的天赋。然而，后来他却成功的出版了自己的自然摄影作品，并
成为了一名志愿艺术教师。来说明创造力是一种经验而不是一种结果。我们应该享受创造的
过程，找回自己的童真的本性。
【56 题详解】
细节理解题。根据“Yet, that art teacher was successful in convincing me that I had no talent for
painting, drawing, or anything related to them.然而，那位美术老师成功地让我相信，我没有绘画
以及与它有关的任何东西的天赋。” 可知“His teacher discouraged him and said he had no talent
for art” 符合语境。 故填 His teacher discouraged him and said he had no talent for art. Or: His
teacher convinced him that he had no talent for art.
【57 题详解】
推理判断题。根据“Why have we forgotten creativity is an experience, not a result? Let’s consider
why we express creativity in first place. 为什么我们忘记了创造力是一种经验而不是一种结果。”
可知“We should enjoy being creative 我们应该享受创造的过程。”符合语境。故填Creativity is
an experience, not a result. Or: We should enjoy being creative.
【58 题详解】
词义猜测题。根据后文“Perfectionism is the leading killer of artistic expression. 完美主义是艺术表
现 头号杀手。”可知第四段第一句 “Therefore, I’d urge you to curb your perfectionism not
enthusiasm! 因此，我们应该督促自己去“控制”我们的完美主义思想。” 故填 Limit. /
Control. / Hold. / Keep...within limits. / Keep...under control。
【59 题详解】
推理判断题。根据“Relax a little and bring back your childlike nature when you create. 当你创作的
时候，放松一点，找回你童真的本性。”可知“The childlike nature of creativity.” 符合语境。故填
The childlike nature of creativity.
【60 题详解】
开放题。题目意为：作为学生，你觉得你更有创造力吗？请举个例子。Different people have
different ideas. 不同的人有不同的答案。所以，你可以填 Yes, perhaps I am. I used to draw a lot of
imaginative pictures in childhood. Or: Yes, I often make some interesting handmade things by myself。
的【点睛】阅读表达中的开放性问题这种题型是主观性试题。要求考生根据文章涉及的问题，
结合个人的观点、经验来回答。此类问题的解答比较容易，考生可根据自己的观点选择较容
易回答的来回答。回答此题时必须回答完整，即怎么问就怎么答。注意别出现语法错误。如
文中第 5 小题，题目用的是一般疑问句，所以一定不能丢了 yes or no。
第二节：书面表达（满分 25 分）
61.假设你是李津，从互联网上看到一个国际中学生家教组织将面向中国招聘兼职中文家教
(tutor) 的广告，欢迎中国学生参加。请你写一封电子邮件申请参加。
内容主要包括：
1.自我介绍；
2.参加意图；
3.希望获准。
注意：
1.词数不少于 100 字；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3.邮件开头和结尾已为你写好，不计入总词数。
Dear Sir or Madam,
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________
Yours sincerely,
Li Jin
【答案】Dear sir or Madam,
I’m Li Jin, a senior middle school student from China. I happened to read the advertisement that
you have posted on the Internet, employing Chinese students as part-time tutor of the Chinese
language.
I am interested in it. I know that you welcome students from China and I'd like to get this job. For
me, Chinese is my native tongue and I’m excellent at it. Besides, I've been learning English for 12
years with a good command of spoken and written English.
I hope I will be accepted as a member of yours. Looking forward to your reply!Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
【解析】
【分析】
本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求学生就国际中学生家教组织招聘兼职中文家教的广告写一封
申请信。
【详解】第一步：审题
体裁：应用文。
时态：根据提示，时态应为一般现在时。
结构：总分法。
要求：
1.自我介绍；
2.参加意图；
3.希望获准。
第二步：列提纲（重点短语）
happened to read；native tongue；a good command of spoken and written English；introduce
Chinese culture.
第三步：连词成句
1.I happened to read the advertisement that you have posted on the Internet
2. For me, Chinese is my native tongue and I’m excellent at it.
3. Besides, I've been learning English for 12 years with a good command of spoken and written
English.
4. I’m willing to help foreigners learn Chinese well and introduce Chinese culture to the world as well.
根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。
第四步：连句成篇
1.表示文章结构顺序：自我介绍；参加目的；希望获准
2.表示并列补充关系：For me；Besides,；and
第五步：润色修改
【点睛】范文内容完整，要点全面，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当，上下文意思连贯。复
合逻辑关系。作者在范文中使用了较多的高端句式，如定语从句：I happened to read the advertisement that you have posted on the Internet；如非谓语动词：employing Chinese students as
part-time tutor of the Chinese language；如宾语从句：I know that you welcome students from
China…..等。文章思路清晰，层次分明，上下句转换自然。为文章增色添彩。
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