高考英语2017年全国II卷 阅读理解真题详解

1 高考英语 2017 年全国 II 卷 阅读理解真题解析（全文翻译，共 11 页） A In the coming months, we are bringing together artists form all over the globe, to enjoy speaking Shakespeare’s plays in their own language, in our Globe, within the architecture Shakespeare wrote for. Please come and join us. 在接下来的几个月里，我们将汇集全球各地的艺术家，在我们的环球剧院，在莎士比亚 为之创作的建筑中，享受用他们自己的语言来讲述莎士比亚的戏剧。欢迎来加入我们。 词汇： globe n. 地球；世界 Globe Globe Theatre 环球剧院 architecture n. 建筑设计；建筑风格 National Theatre of China Beijing | Chinese This great occasion(盛会) will be the National Theatre of China’s first visit to the UK. The company’s productions show the new face of 21st century Chinese theatre. This production of Shakespeare’s Richard III will be directed by the National’s Associate Director，Wang Xiaoying. Date & Time : Saturday 28 April, 2.30pm & Sunday 29 April,1.30pm & 6.30pm 中国国家剧院 北京 | 汉语 这个伟大的盛会将是中国首次访问英国的国家剧院。该公司的作品展示了 21 世纪中国 戏剧的新面貌。这部莎士比亚的《理查三世》将由国家副导演王小鹰执导。 日期和时间: 4 月 28 日星期六，下午 2:30 & 4 月 29 日星期日，下午 1:30 & 6:30 词汇： production n. 制作；演出；产量 Marjanishvili Theatre Tbilisi | Georgian One of the most famous theatres in Georgia, the Marjanishvili, founded in 1928, appears regularly at theatre festivals all over the world. This new production of As You Like It is helmed （指导）by the company’s Artistic Director Levan Tsuladze. Date & Time :Friday 18May, 2.30pm & Saturday 19May, 7.30pm 马尔贾尼什维利剧院 第比利斯 | 格鲁吉亚语 成立于 1928 年的马尔贾尼海利剧院是格鲁吉亚最著名的剧院之一，定期在世界各地的 戏剧节上演出。这部名为《皆大欢喜》的新作品由该公司的艺术总监黎凡·楚拉德兹指导创 作。 日期和时间: 5 月 18 日星期五下午 2 点 30 分；5 月 19 日星期六下午 7 点 30 分 Deafinitely Theatre London | British Sign Language （BSL） 2 By translating the rich and humourous text of Love’s Labour’s Lost into the physical language of BSL, Deafinitely Theatre creates a new interpretation of Shakespeare’s comedy and aims to build a bridge between deaf and hearing worlds by performing to both groups as one audience. Date & Time : Tuesday 22 May, 2.30pm & Wednesday 23 May, 7.30pm 聋人剧院 伦敦 | 英国手语 通过将《爱的徒劳》中丰富幽默的文本翻译成的肢体语言，聋人剧院对莎士比亚的喜剧 进行了新的诠释，旨在通过为两个群体的观众表演，在无声和有声世界之间架起一座桥梁。 日期和时间:5 月 22 日星期二下午 2:30 & 5 月 23 日星期三下午 7:30 词汇： humourous adj. 幽默的 interpretation n. 翻译；解释 audience n. 观众；听众 Habima National Theatre Tel Aviv | Hebrew The Habima is the centre of Hebrew-language theatre worldwide, Founded in Moscow after the 1905 revolution, the company eventually settled in Tel Aviv in the late 1920s. Since 1958, they have been recognised as the national theatre of Israel. This production of Shakespeare’s The Merchant of Venice marks their first visit to the UK. Date & Time :Monday 28May,7.30 & Tuesday 29 May,7.30pm 哈比马国家剧院 特拉维夫 | 希伯来语 哈比玛剧院是全世界希伯来语剧院的中心，1905 年革命后在莫斯科成立，该公司最终 在 20 世纪 20 年代末落户特拉维夫，自 1958 年以来，他们被公认为以色列国家剧院。这部 莎士比亚的作品《威尼斯商人》标志着他们第一次来到英国。 日期和时间: 5 月 28 日星期一 7:30 & 5 月 29 日星期二 7:30 词汇： recognise v. 认可；接受 21. Which play will be performed by the National Theatre of China? 中国国家剧院将演出哪部戏剧？ A. Richard Ⅲ. B. Lover’s Labour’s Lost C. As You Like It D. The Merchant of Venice 【A】 22. What is special about Deafinitely Theatre? 3 聋人剧院有什么特殊之处？ A. It has two groups of actors. 它有两组演员。 B. It is the leading theatre in London. 它是伦敦的主要剧院。 C. It performs plays in BSL. 它用英式手语表演戏剧。 D. It is good at producing comedies. 它擅长制作喜剧。 【C】 23. When can you see a play in Hebrew? 你什么时候能看希伯来语的戏剧？ A. On Saturday 28 April. B. On Sunday 29 April. C. On Tuesday 22 May. D. On Tuesday 29 May 【D】 B I first met Paul Newman in 1968, when George Roy Hill, the director of Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid, introduced us in New York City. When the studio didn’t want me for the film --- it wanted somebody as well known as Paul --- he stood up for me. I don’t know how many people would have done that; they would have listened to their agents or the studio powers. 我第一次见到保罗·纽曼是在 1968 年，当时《布奇·卡西迪和圣丹斯小子》的导演乔治·罗 伊·希尔在纽约介绍我们认识。当时电影公司不想让我出演这部电影 — 它想要一个像保罗 一样出名的人 — 他站出来支持我。我不知道有多少人会这样做；人们往往会听从他们的经 纪人或者公司权势者的建议。 词汇： studio n. 工作室；电影公司 agent n. 经纪人；代理商 The friendship that grew out of the experience of making that film and The Sting four years later had its root in the fact that although there was an age difference, we both came from a tradition of theater and live TV. We were respectful of craft（技艺）and focused on digging into the characters we were going to play. Both of us had the qualities and virtues that are typical of American actors: humorous, aggressive, and making fun of each other --- but always with an 4 underlying affection. Those were also at the core（核心）of our relationship off the screen. 四年后，我们在拍摄那部电影和《斯汀戈》的经历中产生的友谊根植于这样一个事实: 尽管存在年龄差异，但我们都来自戏剧和电视直播的传统。我们尊重技艺并专注于挖掘我们 将要扮演的角色。我们俩都有典型的美国演员的品质和美德: 幽默、好斗、互相取笑 — 但 总是带着潜在的感情。这些也是我们在屏幕之外友谊的核心。 长难句： The friendship 【 that grew out of the experience of making that film and The Sting four years later 】 had its root in the fact 【 that although there was an age difference, we both came from a tradition of theater and live TV. 】 1) 句子较长，理解的关键在于提取出主干。 全句的主干： The friendship had its root in the fact. 这友谊根植于这个事实。 2） “that grew out … … four years later”是 friendship 的定语从句，修饰限定 friendship。 3） “that although there was … … live TV. ”是 fact 的同位语从句，解释说明 the fact 的内 容。 词汇： have root in… 根源在于… quality n. 质量；品质 virtue n. 美德；优点 typical adj. 典型的；有代表性的 aggressive adj. 好斗的；进取心强的 underlying adj. 潜在的；根本的 affection n. 喜爱；感情 We shared the belief that if you’re fortunate enough to have success, you should put something back --- he with his Newman’s Own food and his Hole in the Wall camps for kids who are seriously ill, and me with Sundance and the institute and the festival. Paul and I didn’t see each other all that regularly, but sharing that brought us together. We supported each other financially and by showing up at events. 我们共有这样一个信念: 如果你足够幸运地获得了成功，你应该做些回报给社会 — 他 有公益项目纽曼的食物和他为重病儿童准备的洞穴营地，而我有圣丹斯与学院和节日公益活 动。保罗和我没有经常见面，但是我们共同的信念把我们连在一起。我们在经济上相互帮助， 并出席一些活动支持对方。 长难句： We shared the belief 【 that if you’re fortunate enough to have success, you should put something back --- he with his Newman’s Own food and his Hole in the Wall camps for kids who 5 are seriously ill, and me with Sundance and the institute and the festival.】 1） 句子主干：We share the belief. 我们有共同的信念。 2） “that if you … … the festival. ”是 belief 的同位语，补充说明“信念”的内容。 3） 破折号后面，是对“put something back”的举例说明。 词汇： belief n. 信仰；信念 institute n. 学院；研究所 regularly adv. 定期地；有规律地 support v. 支持；帮助；资助；供养 show up 出现；露面 I last saw him a few months ago. He’d been in and out of the hospital. He and I both knew what the deal was, and we didn’t talk about it. Ours was a relationship that didn’t need a lot of words. 我最后一次见到他是几个月前。他在医院进进出出。他和我都知道是怎么回事，但我们 没有提及它，我们的关系不需要太多的语言。 24. Why was the studio unwilling to give the role to author at first? 为什么一开始工作室不愿意给作者这个角色？ A. Paul Newman wanted it. 保罗·纽曼想要它。 B. The studio powers didn’t like his agent. 制片商不喜欢他的经纪人。 C. He wasn’t famous enough. 他不够出名。 D. The director recommended someone else. 导演推荐了别人。 【C】 25. Why did Paul and the author have a lasting friendship? 为什么保罗和作者有持久的友谊？ A. They were of the same age. 他们年龄相同。 B. They worked in the same theater. 他们在同一个剧院工作。 C. T hey were both good actors. 他们都是好演员。 6 D. They have similar characteristics. 他们有相似的性格特点。 【D】 26. What does the underlined word “that” in paragraph 3 refer to? 第 3 段中带下划线的单词“that”指什么？ A. Their belief. 他们的信仰。 B. Their care for children. 他们对孩子的关心。 C. Their success. 他们的成功。 D. Their support for each other. 他们互相支持。 【A】 27. What is the author’s purpose in writing the text? 作者写这篇文章的目的是什么？ A. To show his love of films. 展示他对电影的热爱。 B. To remember a friend. 怀念一个朋友。 C. To introduce a new movie. 介绍一部新电影。 D. To share his acting experience. 分享他的表演经验。 【B】 C Terrafugia Inc. said Monday that its new flying car has completed its first flight, bringing the company closer to its goal of selling the flying car within the next year. The vehicle-named the Transition --- has two seats，four wheels and wings that fold up so it can be driven like a car. The Transition, which flew at 1,400 feet for eight minutes last month, can reach around 70 miles per hour on the road and 115 in the air. It flies using a 23-gallon tank of gas and bums 5 gallons per hour in the air. On the ground, it gets 35 miles per gallon. 特拉弗吉亚公司周一表示，其新的飞行车已经完成了首次飞行，这使该公司更接近于在 明年销售飞行车的目标。这款名为 Transition 的汽车有两个座位、四个轮子和折叠起来的翅 膀，因此可以像汽车一样驾驶。上个月在 1400 英尺的高空飞行了 8 分钟的 Transition，在路 7 上可以达到每小时 70 英里，在空中可以达到 115 英里。它用 23 加仑的汽油飞行，每小时在 空中燃烧 5 加仑。在地面上，它每加仑能跑 35 英里。 词汇： transition n. 过渡；转换；转变 wheel n. 轮子；方向盘 fold up 折叠起来 mile n. 英里（1.609 千米；1760 码） gallon n. 加仑 （在英国、加拿大约等于 4.5 升；在美国约等于 3.8 升，1 加仑为 4 夸 脱） tank n. 箱；罐；坦克 Around 100 people have already put down a $10,000 deposit to get a Transition when they go on sale, and those numbers will likely rise after Terrafugia introduces the Transition to the public later this week at the New York Auto Show. But don’t expect it to show up in too many driveways. It’s expected to cost $279,000. And it won’t help if you’re stuck in traffic. The car needs a runway. 大约有 100 人已经预交 10，000 美元的订金，以便在发售时购买 Transition。特拉弗吉 亚公司将于本周晚些时候在纽约汽车展上向公众介绍 Transition，预计预订人数可能还会上 升。不要期待会在马路上见到这辆飞行汽车。其预售价将达到 279，000 美元，然而，如果 你遇到交通堵塞，这车也没用，因为它需要一条跑道。 词汇： deposit n. 定金；押金；存款 likely adj. 可能的 Inventors have been trying to make flying cars since the 1930s, according to Robert Mann, an airline industry expert. But Mann thinks Terrafugia has come closer than anyone to making the flying car a reality. The government has already permitted the company to use special materials to make it easier for the vehicle to fly. The Transition is now going through crash tests to make sure it meets federal safety standards. 航空业专家罗伯特·曼(Robert Mann)表示，自 20 世纪 30 年代以来，发明家一直试图制 造飞行汽车。但是曼恩认为特拉弗吉亚公司比任何人都更接近于让飞行汽车成为现实。为了 使其更容易飞行，政府已经允许该公司使用某些特殊材料。Transition 现在正在进行碰撞测 试，以确保它符合联邦安全标准。 Mann said Terrafugia was helped by the Federal Aviation Administration’s decision five years ago to create a separate set of standards for light sport aircraft, which are lower than those pilots of larger planes Terrafugia says an owner would need to pass a test and complete 20 hours of flying time to be able to fly the Transition, a requirement pilots would find relatively easy to 8 meet. 曼恩表示，五年前，联邦航空管理局(Federal Aviation Administration)决定为轻型运动飞 机制定一套单独的标准，这些标准低于大型飞机对飞行员的要求。特拉弗吉亚公司表示，所 有者需要通过测试并完成 20 个小时的飞行时间，才能驾驶 Transition，飞行员会发现这一要 求相对容易满足。 词汇： separate adj. 分开的；独立的 relatively adv. 相对地 28. What is the first paragraph mainly about? 第一段主要讲什么？ A. The basic data of the Transition. Transition 的基本数据。 B. The advantages of flying cars. 飞行汽车的优点。 C. The potential market for flying cars. 飞行汽车的潜在市场。 D. The designers of the Transition. 过渡的设计者。 【A】 29. Why is the Transition unlikely to show up in too many driveways? 为什么 Transition 不太可能出现在大多数马路上？ A. It causes traffic jams. 它会导致交通堵塞。 B. It is difficult to operate. 它很难操作。 C. It is very expensive. 它非常昂贵。 D. It bums too much fuel. 它燃烧太多的燃料。 【C】 30. What is the government’s attitude to the development of the flying car? 政府对飞行汽车的发展持什么态度？ A. Cautious 谨慎 B. Favorable 赞成 C. Ambiguous 含糊不清 9 D. Disapproving 不赞成 【B】 31. What is the best title for the text? 这篇文章的最佳标题是什么？ A. Flying Car at Auto Show 车展上的飞行汽车 B. The Transition’s Fist Flight Transition 的第一次飞行 C. Pilots’ Dream Coming True 飞行员的梦想成真 D. Flying Car Closer to Reality 飞行汽车离实现又近了一步 【D】 D When a leafy plant is under attack，it doesn’t sit quietly. Back in 1983, two scientists, Jack Schultz and Ian Baldwin, reported that young maple trees getting bitten by insects send out a particular smell that neighboring plants can get. These chemicals come from the injured parts of the plant and seem to be an alarm. What the plants pump through the air is a mixture of chemicals known as volatile organic compounds, VOCs for short. 当多叶植物受到攻击时，它不会安静地呆着。早在 1983 年，两位科学家，杰克·舒尔茨 和伊恩·鲍德温报道说，被昆虫叮咬的小枫树发出一种特殊的气味，这种气味是邻近植物所 能闻到的。这些化学物质来自植物受伤的部位，似乎是一种警报。植物释放在空气中的是一 种化学混合物，称为挥发性有机化合物，简称 VOCs。 词汇： insect n. 昆虫 pump v. 泵出；抽送出 Scientists have found that all kinds of plants give out VOCs when being attacked .It’s a plant’s way of crying out. But is anyone listening? Apparently. Because we can watch the neighbours react. 科学家发现，各种植物受到攻击时都会发出挥发性有机化合物。这是植物发出叫声的方 式。但是有人在听吗？显而易见，因为我们可以观察邻居植物的反应。 Some plants pump out smelly chemicals to keep insects away. But others do double duty .They pump out perfumes designed to attract different insects who are natural enemies to the attackers. Once they arrive, the tables are turned .The attacker who was lunching now becomes lunch. 10 一些植物排放出有气味的化学物质来驱赶昆虫。还有些植物发出的气味具有双重作用。 他们散发香味去吸引不同的昆虫，这些昆虫恰是攻击者的天敌。一旦他们到达，局面就会逆 转。正在吃午饭的攻击者现在成了午餐。 In study after study, it appears that these chemical conversations help the neighbors .The damage is usually more serious on the first plant, but the neighbors, relatively speaking, stay safer because they heard the alarm and knew what to do. 在反复的研究中，人们发现这些化学对话似乎对周边植物有利。第一主植物的损害通常 更严重，但相对来说，周边植物更安全，因为他们听到了警报，并且知道了该做什么。 词汇： relatively speaking 相对而言 Does this mean that plants talk to each other? Scientists don’t know. Maybe the first plant just made a cry of pain or was sending a message to its own branches, and so, in effect, was talking to itself. Perhaps the neighbors just happened to “overhear” the cry. So information was exchanged, but it wasn’t a true, intentional back and forth. 这是否意味着植物会相互交流？科学家不知道。也许第一株植物只是发出痛苦的叫声， 或者是在向自己的树枝传递信息，因此实际上是在自言自语。也许邻居只是碰巧“无意中听 到”了哭声。所以信息被交换了，但这不是一个真实的，有意识的相互交流。 词汇： branch n. 树枝；分支 in effect 实际上；事实上 intentional 有意的；故意的 Charles Darwin, over 150 years ago, imagined a world far busier, noisier and more intimate(亲密的) than the world we can see and hear. Our senses are weak. There’s a whole lot going on. 150 多年前，查尔斯·达尔文设想了一个更加忙碌、喧闹和亲密的世界，比我们能看到 和听到的世界还要大。我们的感知能力是很弱的。在我们的感知之外，还有相当多的事情在 发生着。 32. What does a plant do when it is under attack? 植物受到攻击时会做什么？ A. It makes noises. 它会发出噪音 B. It gets help from other plants. 它得到其他植物的帮助。 11 C. It stands quietly. 它静静地站着。 D. It sends out certain chemicals. 散发出某种化学物质。 【D】 33. What does the author mean by “the tables are turned” in paragraph 3 ? 作者在第 3 段中所说的“the tables are turned”是什么意思？ A. The attackers get attacked. 攻击者受到攻击。 B. The insects gather under the table. 昆虫聚集在桌子下面。 C. The plants get ready to fight back. 植物准备反击。 D. The perfumes attract natural enemies. 香水会吸引天敌。 【A】 34. Scientists find from their studies that plants can . 科学家从他们的研究中发现植物可以____________。 A. predict natural disasters 预测自然灾害 B. protect themselves against insects 保护自己免受昆虫侵害 C. talk to one another intentionally 有意识地互相交谈 D. help their neighbors when necessary 必要时帮助邻居 【B】 35. What can we infer from the last paragraph? 从最后一段我们能推断出什么？ A. The world is changing faster than ever. 这个世界的变化比以往任何时候都快。 B. People have stronger senses than before 人们比以前有更强的感知能力。 C. The world is more complex than it seems 世界比看起来的样子更复杂。 12 D. People in Darwin’s time were more imaginative. 达尔文时代的人更富想象力。 【C】