倒 装
英语的正常语序是“主语 + 谓语”,即主语在前,谓语在后。有时为了强调句子结构的需要,把谓语的一部分或全部放在主语之前,主语和谓
语出现倒置形式。
倒装又可分为完全倒装和部分倒装。将谓语动词完全移到主语之前的称为完全倒装,也叫全部倒装; 只将助动词、be 动词或情态动词放到主
语之前的称为部分倒装。
一、完全倒装
1. 完全倒装是将谓语全部放在主语之前,此结构通常只用于一般现在时和一般过去时。
*Up went the rocket into the air.
嗖地火箭就飞上天了。
*Inside the classroom are the students and the teacher.
老师和学生在教室里。
2. 常见的完全倒装结构：
(1)状语在句首
here, there, now, then, thus 等简短副词或 above, away, in, out 等方位副词于句首,谓语动词常用 be,
come, go, lie, run 等动词。
*Then came another question. 接着又一个问题提出来了。
*Look, here comes the taxi. 瞧,出租车过来了。
表示地点的介词短语(如 on the wall, under the tree, in front of the house, in the middle of the room
等)放在句首时。
*Under a big tree sat a little boy. 一个小男孩坐在树下。
South of the lake lies a big supermarket. 湖的南边是一个大超市。
【注意】这种倒装中,主语必须是名词,主语是人称代词时,主语和谓语语序不变。
*In he came and the lesson began.
他走进来开始上课。
铃一响，学生就冲出去了。
Hearing the bell ring, out rushed the students .
Hearing the bell ring, out they rushed.
(2)表语置于句首时,倒装结构为“表语+连系动词+主语”。
*Present at the meeting was Mr Green, a headmaster with his friends.
校长格林先生和他的朋友们出席了会议。
Seated on the ground are a group of young people.
坐在地上的是一群年轻
(1) In front of the house stopped a police car.
房子的前面停着一辆警车。
(2) Here is the letter you have been looking forward to.
你盼望已久的信在这儿。
(3) Gone are the days when women were looked down upon.
妇女受歧视的日子一去不复返了。
二、部分倒装
1. 部分倒装是指将谓语的一部分,如助动词或情态动词,移至主语之前。
*Little did he know who the woman was.
他不太知道那个女的是谁。
*Only in this way can you master English.
只有这样你才能掌握英语。
2. 常见的部分倒装的结构。(1)含有否定意义的否定词或半否定词包括短语(如 never, neither, nor, little, seldom, rarely, hardly,
scarcely, few, not, no, by no means, in no way, at no time 等)放在句首时。
*Little did I dream of seeing such wonderful scenery.
我做梦也没想到会看到这样美妙的景色。
*Never shall I do this silly thing again.
我再不会做这种傻事了。
【注意】
1.“Not only+分句,but also+分句”句型中的前一分句要部分倒装。
*Not only can he speak English, but he can also speak Japanese fluently.
他不但会讲英语,而且还能流利地讲日语。
2. 表示“刚/一……就……”的倒装句型。
*Hardly had the game begun when it started raining.
比赛刚刚开始就下起了雨来。
*No sooner had he arrived in Rome than he was kidnapped.
他刚到罗马就遭到了绑架。
*Scarcely had I come in when the phone rang.
我刚刚一进去,电话就响了。
3. Not until 句型
直到我妈回来我才有手机上传作业。
I didn’t get the mobile phone to upload the assignment until my mother came back.
It was not until my mother came back that I got the mobile phone to upload the assignment.
Not until my mother came back did I get the mobile phone to upload the assignment.
直到新冠消除我们才会上学。
Not until the coronavirus is wiped out will we go back to school.
4. in no time 放在句首要倒装吗？
(2)副词 only 修饰状语置于句首时。
*Only then did he realize the importance of his family.
只有在那时他才意识到家人的重要性。
*Only in this way can you solve this problem.
只有用这种方法, 你才可以解决这个问题。
*Only when the war was over in 1918 was he able to get back to work. 直到 1918 年战争结束,他才能回
去工作。
只有他能回答这个问题。
*Only he can answer the question.
(3) as 引导的让步状语从句(as 可以换成 though)。
a. 表语(形容词/名词)+ as+ 主语+ 系动词
*Famous as he is, he is easygoing.
尽管他很有名气,但他很平易近人。
*Child as/though he is, he knows a lot.
尽管他是个孩子,但他懂得很多。
b. 副词+ as+主语+谓语动词
*Hard as he tried, he couldn’t pass the exam.
尽管他努力了,他还是没有通过考试。
c. 动词原形 +as+ 主语+ might/may*Try as she may, she won’t pass it.
尽管愿意再试,她还是不会通过的。
【注意】实义动词放在句首时,其他助动词放在主语后。
*Try as I might, I could not lift the stone.
我用尽力气,可还是举不起这块石头。
(4)“so. . . that. . . ”和“such. . . that. . . ”结构中的 so 或 such 位于句首时。
*So fast does light travel that we can hardly imagine its speed.
光运行得非常快,我们几乎无法想象它的速度。
*Such a lovely toy did he buy me that I was very thankful to him.
他给我买了这么可爱的一个玩具,我非常感激他。
(5)在虚拟条件句中,从句的谓语含有 were, had 和 should 这三个词时,可省去 if,将这些词移至主语之前
构成部分倒装。
如果我是你,我不会让这么好的一个机会溜走的。
*Were I you(=If I were you), I wouldn’t have such a good chance slip.
如果明天下雨,我们就待在室内看书。
*Should it rain tomorrow(=If it should rain tomorrow), we would stay indoors reading books.
要是你参加了毕业典礼,我就会见到你了。
*Had you attended(=If you had attended) the graduate ceremony, I should have seen you.
(6)so 作“也”讲时,引导的句子用倒装语序,表示前面所说的也适用于另一个人或事物,表示“……也(不)是如
此”。其句型是: so/neither/nor+be 动词/助动词/情态动词+主语。
他能游泳。我也能游泳。
*He can swim. So can I.
昨天晚上他去看电影了。我也去了。
*He went to the film last night. So did I.
我不知道他住哪儿。她也不知道。
*I don’t know where he lives. Neither does she.
【注意】
①当 so 引出的句子是用以对上文内容的证实或肯定,表示“的确如此”时,不用倒装结构。
*—He works very hard. 他学习很努力。
—So he does and so do you. 他的确如此,你也是。
②若表示一个人的两个或者两个以上的情况,也适用于另一个人,则用句型: So it is/was with sb.
或者 It is/was the same with sb. 。
*—He was born in Shanghai and brought up in Beijing.
他在上海出生,在北京长大。
—It was the same with my friend Li Ping.
我朋友李平也是。
（7） to such a degree/ to such an extent/ to such lengths
等介词 短语位于句首时也要用倒装
To such an extent had he changed that I couldn’t recognize him.
他变得我简直认不出来了。
To such lengths did he speak that everyone got bored.
他讲了很长时间，大家都厌倦了。
To such lengths did her story go that every child began to feel sleepy.
她的故事讲得太长以至于所有的孩子都困了。
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