2020浙江卷1月-2020年高考英语阅读理解真题词汇和长难句解读（解析版）

专题六 2020 浙江卷 1 月-2020 年高考阅读理解真题词汇和长难句解读 （解析版） 2020 浙江卷 1 月阅读理解 A I never knew anyone who’d grown up in Jackson without being afraid of Mrs. Calloway, our librarian. She ran Jackson’s Carnegie Library absolutely by herself. SILENCE in big black letters was on signs hung everywhere. If she thought you were dressed improperly, she sent you straight back home to change your clothes. I was willing; I would do anything to read. My mother was not afraid of Mrs. Calloway. She wished me to have my own library card to check out books for myself. She took me in to introduce me. “Eudora is nine years old and has my permission to read any book she wants from the shelves, children or adults,” Mother said. Mrs. Calloway made her own rules about books. You could not take back a book to the library on the same day you’d taken it out; it made no difference to her that you’d read every word in it and needed another to start. You could take out two books at a time and two only. So two by two, I read library books as fast as I could go, rushing them home in the basket of my bicycle. From the minute I reached our house, I started to read. I knew this was extreme happiness, knew it at the time. My mother shared this feeling of mine. Now, I think of her as reading so much of the time while doing something else. I remember her reading a magazine while taking the part of the Wolf in a game of “Little Red Riding Hood” with my brother’s two daughters. She’d just look up at the right time, long enough to answer — in character — “The better to eat you with, my dear,” and go back to her place in the magazine article. 21. Which of the following best describes Mrs. Calloway? A. Quiet. B. Strict. C. Humorous. D. Considerate. 22. What do the underlined words “this feeling” refer to in the last paragraph? A. Desire to read. B. Love for Mrs. Calloway. C. Interest in games. D. Fear of the library rules. 23. Where is the text probably from? A. A guidebook. B. An autobiography. C. A news report. D. A book review. 【答案】21.B 22.A 23.B 【词汇】 1. absolutely 2. improperly 3. permission 4. extreme 5. humorous 6. considerate 7. desire 8. autobiography 1. absolutely adv. 完全地；绝对地；[语]独立地 int. （表示赞同）完全正确，一点没错 2. improperly adv. 不正确地；不适当地 3. permission n. 许可；允许；同意 4. extreme adj. 极度的；极端的 n. 极端；极限 5. humorous adj. 幽默的；诙谐的 6. considerate adj. 考虑周到的；体谅的；体贴的 7. desire n. 渴望；愿望；欲望 v. 渴望；向往；要求 8. autobiography n. 自传 【长难句】 1. Eudora is nine years old and has my permission to read any book she wants from the shelves, children or adults. 【句子分析】主干部分： Eudora is nine years old and has my permission to read any book 定语从句：she wants from the shelves,省略 that 修饰 book 【翻译】尤多拉九岁了，我允许她从书架上读任何一本书，无论是儿童还是成人。 2. You could not take back a book to the library on the same day you’d taken it out; it made no difference to her that you’d read every word in it and needed another to start. 【句子分析】主干部分：You could not take back a book to the library on the same day 定语从句：you’d taken it out 修饰 day 主语从句：that you’d read every word in it and needed another to start.it 做形式主语。 【翻译】你不能在拿书的同一天把书带回图书馆；你读了里面的每一个字，需要另一个字来开始，这对她 来说没什么区别。 3. I remember her reading a magazine while taking the part of the Wolf in a game of “Little Red Riding Hood” with my brother’s two daughters. 【句子分析】主干部分： I remember her reading a magazine 时间状语从句：while taking the part of the Wolf in a game of “Little Red Riding Hood” with my brother’s two daughters. 【翻译】我记得她和我哥哥的两个女儿玩“小红帽”时，她在看杂志。 2020 浙江卷 1 月阅读理解 B Milwaukee, Wisconsin, is road testing a new way to keep winter roads ice-free — by spreading on them cheese brine, the salty liquid used to make soft cheeses, like mozzarella. Wisconsin, also called “America’s Dairyland,” is famous for its cheese. The state produced 2.8 billion pounds of cheese last year! As a result, there was a lot of leftover cheese brine. Disposing of (处置) the brine can be expensive. So what should cheese makers do with the waste? Normally, towns use rock salt to de-ice streets. The salt lowers water’s freezing point, causing ice to melt (融 化). But using cheese brine could help both cheese producers and cities save money, while keeping roads safe. Cheese brine has salt in it, which, like the rock salt, helps lower water’s freezing point. In addition to saving money, cheese brine could also be a more eco-friendly option. Many people suspect that all the rock salt used every winter is harming the environment. Rock salt is made of sodium chloride, the same compound (化合物) in ordinary table salt. Sounds harmless, right? But while you probably add only a small amount of salt to your food, road crews spread about 20 million tons of salt on U.S. roads every year! The chemical washes off roads and goes into the ground. There it can pollute drinking water, harm plants, and eat away soil. By spreading cheese brine on streets before adding a layer of rock salt, Milwaukee may be able to cut its rock salt use by 30 percent. Cheese brine has a downside too — a smell similar to that of bad milk. “I don’t really mind it,” Emil Norby told Modern Farmer magazine. He works for one of Wisconsin’s county highway commissions and came up with the idea of using cheese brine. “Our roads smell like Wisconsin!” he said. 24. Why can cheese brine help keep winter roads ice-free? A. It is soft. B. It contains salt. C. It is warm. D. It has milk in it. 25. What is a benefit of using cheese brine on roads? A. Improving air quality. B. Increasing sales of rock salt. C. Reducing water pollution. D. Saving the cheese industry. 26. Milwaukee’s new way to de-ice streets may be an example of ______. A. barking up the wrong tree B. putting the cart before the horse C. robbing Peter to pay Paul D. killing two birds with one stone 【答案】24.B 25.C 26.D 【词汇】 1. option 2. suspect 3. downside 4. commission 5. contain 6. increase 7.reduce 1. option n. 选择权；可选物 v. 得到或获准进行选择 2. suspect v. 怀疑；猜想 n. 嫌疑犯 adj. 可疑的；不可信的 3. downside n. 下降趋势（价格方面）；消极面；负面 4. commission n. 佣金；委员会；委托；委任；犯罪 vt. 授予；使服役；委托 5. contain vt. 容纳；包含；抑制；克制 vi. 自制 6. increase v. 增加；提高 n. 增加；增强；提高 7.reduce v. 减少；缩小；使落魄；简化；还原 【长难句】 1. Cheese brine has salt in it, which, like the rock salt, helps lower water’s freezing point. 【句子分析】主干部分： Cheese brine has salt in it 定语从句：which, like the rock salt, helps lower water’s freezing point.修饰 salt 插入语：like the rock salt 【翻译】奶酪卤水里有盐，就像岩盐一样，有助于降低水的冰点。 2. Many people suspect that all the rock salt used every winter is harming the environment. 【句子分析】主干部分：Many people suspect 宾语从句：that all the rock salt used every winter is harming the environment. 【翻译】许多人怀疑每年冬天使用的岩盐都在危害环境。 3. But while you probably add only a small amount of salt to your food, road crews spread about 20 million tons of salt on U.S. roads every year! 【句子分析】主干部分：road crews spread about 20 million tons of salt on U.S. roads every year! 让步状语从句：while you probably add only a small amount of salt to your food, 【翻译】但是，虽然你可能只在食物中添加少量的盐，但是道路工人每年在美国的道路上撒了大约 2000 万 吨盐！ 4. By spreading cheese brine on streets before adding a layer of rock salt, Milwaukee may be able to cut its rock salt use by 30 percent. 【句子分析】主干部分：Milwaukee may be able to cut its rock salt use by 30 percent. 介词短语作状语：By spreading cheese brine on streets before adding a layer of rock salt 【翻译】密尔沃基通过在街道上撒上奶酪卤水，再加上一层岩盐，也许可以减少 30%的岩盐使用量。 2020 浙江卷 1 月阅读理解 C Today’s world is not an easy adjustment for young adults. A key skill set for success is persistence (毅力), a characteristic that researchers say is heavily influenced by fathers. Researchers from Brigham Young University discovered that fathers are in a unique position to help their adolescent children learn persistence. BYU professors Laura Padilla-Walker and Randal Day arrived at these findings after following 325 American families over several years. And over time, the persistence gained through fathers led to higher achievement in school. “There are relatively few studies that stress the unique role of fathers,” Padilla-Walker said. “This research also helps to prove that characteristics such as persistence — which can be taught — are key to a child’s life success.” Researchers determined that dads need to practice an “authoritative” parenting style. Authoritative parenting is not authoritarian: rigid, demanding or controlling. Rather, an authoritative parenting style includes some of the following characteristics: children feel warmth and love from their father; responsibility and the reasons behind rules are stressed; children are given an appropriate level of autonomy (自主权). In the study, about 52 percent of the dads exhibited above-average levels of authoritative parenting. A key finding is that over time, children raised by an authoritative father were significantly more likely to develop persistence, which leads to better outcomes in school. This particular study examined 11 to 14-year-olds living in two-parent homes. Yet the researchers suggest that single parents still may play a role in teaching the benefits of persistence, which is an avenue of future research. 27. What is special about the BYU professors’ study? A. It centered on fathers’ role in parenting. B. It was based on a number of large families. C. It analyzed different kinds of parenting styles. D. It aimed to improve kids’ achievement in school. 28. What would an authoritative father do when raising his children? A. Ignore their demands. B. Make decisions for them. C. Control their behaviors. D. Explain the rules to them. 29. Which group can be a focus of future studies according to the researchers? A. Single parents. B. Children aged from 11 to 14. C. Authoritarian fathers. D. Mothers in two-parent homes. 30. Which of the following is the best title for the text? A. Three Characteristics of Authoritative Fathers B. Key Skills for Young Adults to Succeed in Future C. Children Tend to Learn Determination from Father D. Family Relationship Influences School Performance 【答案】27.A 28.D 29.A 30.C 【词汇】 1. adjustment 2. characteristic 3. influence 4. unique 5. adolescent 6. relatively 7. prove 8. authoritative 9. rigid 10. appropriate 11. outcome 1. adjustment n. 调整；调节 2. characteristic n. 特点；特性；特色 adj. 典型的；特有的 3. influence v. 影响；感染；在(饮料)中加烈酒 n. 影响力；影响；权势；势力；有影响的人(或事物) 4. unique adj. 独特的；独一无二的；稀罕的 5. adolescent adj. 青春期的；青少年的 n. 青少年 6. relatively adv. 相对地；比较地 7. prove v. 证明；检验；结果是；发酵 8. authoritative adj. 权威性的；命令式的 9. rigid adj. 坚硬的；严格的；固执的；僵硬的；刻板的 10. appropriate adj. 适当的；相称的 vt. 占用；拨出(款项) 11. outcome n. 结果；后果 【长难句】 1. A key skill set for success is persistence (毅力), a characteristic that researchers say is heavily influenced by fathers. 【句子分析】主干部分：A key skill is persistence 分词短语作定语：set for success 同位语：a characteristic that researchers say is heavily influenced by fathers. 定语从句：that researchers say is heavily influenced by fathers.修饰 characteristic 【翻译】成功的一个关键技能是坚持不懈，研究人员说这一特征深受父亲的影响。 2. Researchers from Brigham Young University discovered that fathers are in a unique position to help their adolescent children learn persistence. 【句子分析】主干部分： Researchers discovered that 介词短语作定语：from Brigham Young University 宾语从句：that fathers are in a unique position to help their adolescent children learn persistence. 【翻译】杨百翰大学的研究人员发现，父亲在帮助青春期的孩子学习毅力方面处于独特的地位。 3. A key finding is that over time, children raised by an authoritative father were significantly more likely to develop persistence, which leads to better outcomes in school. 【句子分析】主干部分：A key finding is that 表语从句：that over time, children raised by an authoritative father were significantly more likely to develop persistence, which leads to better outcomes in school. 标语从句中主干：children were more likely to develop persistence 非限制性定语从句：which leads to better outcomes in school. 修饰 persistence 【翻译】一个关键的发现是，随着时间的推移，由权威父亲抚养的孩子更有可能培养出毅力，从而在学校 取得更好的成绩。 4. Yet the researchers suggest that single parents still may play a role in teaching the benefits of persistence, which is an avenue of future research. 【句子分析】主干部分：Yet the researchers suggest that 宾语从句：that single parents still may play a role in teaching the benefits of persistence, which is an avenue of future research. 非限制性定语从句：which is an avenue of future research.修饰 persistence 【翻译】然而，研究人员指出，单亲父母仍然可能在教导坚持的好处方面发挥作用，这是未来研究的一个 途径。