2020年高考英语阅读理解真题词汇和长难句解读 2020全国卷Ⅲ（解析版）

专题三 2020 全国卷Ⅲ-2020 年高考阅读理解真题词汇和长难句解读 （解析版） 2020 全国卷Ⅲ阅读理解 A Journey Back in Time with Scholars Classical Provence (13 days) Journey through the beautiful countryside of Provence, France, with Prof. Ori Z. Soltes. We will visit some of the best- preserved Roman monuments in the world. Our tour also includes a chance to walk in the footsteps of Van Gogh and Gauguin. Fields of flowers, tile roofed ( 瓦 屋 顶 ) villages and tasty meals enrich this wonderful experience. Southern Spain (15 days) Spain has lovely white towns and the scent (芳香) of oranges, but it is also a treasury of ancient remains including the cities left by the Greeks, Romans and Arabs. As we travel south from Madrid with Prof. Ronald Messier to historic Toledo, Roman Merida and into Andalucia, we explore historical monuments and architecture. China's Sacred Landscapes (21 days) Discover the China of “ past ages," its walled cities, temples and mountain scenery with Prof. Robert Thorp. Highlights (精彩之处) include China's most sacred peaks at Mount Tai and Hangzhou's rolling hills, waterways and peaceful temples. We will wander in traditional small towns and end our tour with an exceptional museum in Shanghai. Tunisia (17 days) Join Prof. Pedar Foss on our in-depth Tunisian tour. Tour highlights include the Roman city of Dougga, the underground Numidian capital at Bulla Regia, Roman Sbeitla and the remote areas around Tataouine and Matmata, unique for underground cities. Our journey takes us to picturesque Berber villages and lovely beaches. 21. What can visitors see in both Classical Provence and Southern Spain? A. Historical monuments. B. Fields of flowers. C. Van Gogh's paintings. D. Greek buildings 22. Which country is Prof. Thorp most knowledgeable about? A. France. B. Spain. C. China. D. Tunisia. 23. Which of the following highlights the Tunisian tour? A. White towns. B. Underground cities. C Tile-roofed villages. D. Rolling hills. 【答案】21. A 22. C 23. B 【词汇】 1. preserve 2. monument 3. footstep 4. enrich 5. treasury 6. architecture. 7. sacred 8. waterway 9. wander 10. exceptional 11. unique 12. picturesque 1. preserve v. 保护；保存；保持 n. 禁猎区；蜜饯 2. Monument n. 纪念碑；历史遗迹；不朽作品 3. Footstep n. 脚步；脚步声；足迹 4. Enrich vt. 使富足；使肥沃；使丰富 5. Treasury n. 宝库；国库；金库 6. architecture. n. 建筑学；结构；一座建筑物；总称建筑物；建筑风格；【计算机】计算机构造，架构，体 系结构，结构格式 7. Sacred adj. 神圣的；受尊重的 8. Waterway n. 水路；航道；水道；舷侧排水沟 9. Wander vi. 漫步；蜿蜒；迷路；闲逛；徘徊 vt. 漫步于 n. 漫游；徘徊；闲逛 10. Exceptional adj. 异常的；例外的；特别的；杰出的 11. Unique adj. 独特的；独一无二的；稀罕的 12. picturesque adj. 如画的；生动的；奇特的 【长难句】 1. Spain has lovely white towns and the scent（芳香）of oranges, but it is also a treasury of ancient remains including the cities left by the Greeks, Romans and Arabs. 【句子分析】主干部分：Spain has lovely white towns and the scent（芳香）of oranges, but it is also a treasury of ancient remains；并列句由 but 连接；and 连接 white towns 和 the scent 分词短语作定语：including the cities left by the Greeks, Romans and Arabs. 【翻译】西班牙有可爱的白色城镇和橘子的香味，但它也是古代遗迹的宝库，包括希腊人、罗马人和阿拉 伯人留下的城市。 2020 全国卷Ⅲ阅读理解 B When “Rise of the Planet of the Apes" was first shown to the public last month, a group of excited animal activists gathered on Hollywood Boulevard. But they weren't there to throw red paint on fur-coat- wearing film stars. Instead, one activist, dressed in a full-body monkey suit, had arrived with a sign praising the filmmakers: "Thanks for not using real apes (猿)!” The creative team behind“Apes" used motion-capture (动作捕捉) technology to create digitalized animals, spending tens of millions of dollars on technology that records an actor's performance and later processes it with computer graphics to create a final image (图像). In this case, one of a realistic-looking ape. Yet “Apes" is more exception than the rule. In fact, Hollywood has been hot on live animals lately. One nonprofit organization, which monitors the treatment of animals in filmed entertainment, is keeping tabs on more than 2,000 productions this year,. Already, a number of films, including “Water for Elephants," "The Hangover Part I” and "Zookeeper," have drawn the anger of activists who say the creatures acting in them haven't been treated properly. In some cases, it's not so much the treatment of the animals on set in the studio that has activists worried; it's the off-set training and living conditions that are raising concerns. And there are questions about the films made outside the States, which sometimes are not monitored as closely as productions filmed in the States. 24. Why did the animal activists gather on Hollywood Boulevard? A. To see famous film stars. B. To oppose wearing fur coats. C. To raise money for animal protection. D. To express thanks to some filmmakers. 25. What does paragraph 2 mainly talk about? A. The cost of making“Apes." B. The creation of digitalized apes. C. The publicity about“Apes." D. The performance of real apes. 26. What does the underlined phrase “keeping tabs on" in paragraph 3 probably mean? A. Listing completely. B. Directing professionally. C. Promoting successfully D. Watching carefully. 27. What can we infer from the last paragraph about animal actors? A.They may be badly treated. B. They should take further training. C.They could be traded illegally D. They would lose popularity. 【答案】24. D 25. B 26. D 27. A 【词汇】 1. digitalized 2. process 3. realistic 4. exception 5. nonprofit 6. properly 7. studio 8. monitor 9. oppose 10. publicity 11. completely. 12. professionally. 13. promote 14. illegally 15. popularity 1. digitalized vt. [医]以洋地黄治疗 vt. 数字化 2. Process n. 工序；过程 v. 加工；处理；起诉；列队前进 3. realistic adj. 现实的；现实主义的 4. Exception n. 例外；不合规则；反对；[律]异议 5. Nonprofit adj. 非赢利的 n. 非赢利组织 6. Properly adv. 适当地；正确地；完全地 7. Studio n. 画室；工作室；播音室；制片厂；摄影场 8. Monitor v. 监视；监督；监听 n. 班长；监视器；监听员；[计算机]显示器 9. Oppose v. 反对；对抗；使对立 10. Publicity n. 公众的注意；宣传；宣扬；宣传品；广告 11. completely adv. 完全地；十分地；全然 12. professionally adv. 职业上；专业地；内行地；非业余地 13. Promote vt. 促进；提升；升迁；发起；促销，推销 14. Illegally adv. 非法地 15. popularity n. 普及；流行；名望；受欢迎 【长难句】 1. The creative team behind "Apes" used motion-capture ( 动 作 捕 捉 ) technology to create digitalized animals, spending tens of millions of dollars on technology that records an actor’s performance and later processes it with computer graphics to create a final image (图像). 【句子分析】主干部分：The creative team used technology to create digitalized animals 介词短语做定语：behind "Apes" 分词短语做状语：spending tens of millions of dollars on technology that records an actor’s performance and later processes it with computer graphics to create a final image (图像). 定语从句：that records an actor’s performance and later processes it with computer graphics to create a final image (图像).修饰technology 【翻译】“人猿”背后的创意团队利用动作捕捉技术创造数字化动物，花费数千万美元在记录演员表演的 技术上，随后用电脑图形处理，以产生最终的影像。 2. One nonprofit organization, which monitors the treatment or animals in filmed entertainment, is keeping tabs on more than 2,000 productions this year. 【句子分析】主干部分：One nonprofit organization is keeping tabs on more than 2,000 productions this year. 非限制性定语从句：which monitors the treatment or animals in filmed entertainment 修饰 organization 【翻译】一个非盈利组织，负责监控电影娱乐中的治疗或者动物，今年正在关注2000多部作品。 3. Already, a number of films, including "Water for Elephants," "The Hangover Part Ⅱ" and "Zookeeper," have drawn the anger of activists who say the creatures acting in them haven’t been treated properly. 【句子分析】主干部分：a number of films have drawn the anger of activists 介词短语作状语：including "Water for Elephants," "The Hangover Part Ⅱ" and "Zookeeper," 定语从句：who say the creatures acting in them haven’t been treated properly.修饰 activists draw 的基本义是“拖；拉”。笔或刷子从物体表面“拖；拉”，即“画画”；人的情绪等被某事物“拖；拉”，即“引 起”。 【翻译】许多电影,包括“大象的眼泪”,“宿醉Ⅱ”和“管理员”,引起了动物保护人士的愤怒，他们说影片中的动 物没有受到很好的对待。 4. In some cases, it’s not so much the treatment of the animals on set in the studio that has activists worried; it’s the off-set training and living conditions that are raising concerns. 【句子分析】主干部分：强调主语+ has activists worried;强调主语+ are raising concerns. 强调句：it’s not so much the treatment of the animals on set in the studio that 强调主语 强调句：it’s the off-set training and living conditions that 强调主语 【翻译】在某些情况下，让活动人士担心的并不是电影棚里对动物的待遇;让人担忧的是训练和生活条件。 5. There are questions about the films made outside the States, which sometimes are not monitored as closely as productions filmed in the Sates. 【句子分析】主干部分：There are questions about the films 过去分词做定语：made outside the States 非限制性定语从句：hich sometimes are not monitored as closely as productions filmed in the Sates.修饰 the films 【翻译】还有一些关于在美国以外拍摄的电影的问题，这些电影有时不像在美国拍摄的电影那样受到严密 的监控。 2020 全国卷Ⅲ阅读理解 C With the young unable to afford to leave home and the old at risk of isolation ( 孤 独 ), more families are choosing to live together. The doorway to peace and quiet, for Nick Bright at least, leads straight to his mother-in-law: she lives on the ground floor, while he lives upstairs with his wife and their two daughters. Four years ago they all moved into a three-storey Victorian house in Bristol - one of a growing number of multigenerational families in the UK living together under the same roof. They share a front door and a washing machine, but Rita Whitehead has her own kitchen, bathroom, bedroom and living room on the ground floor. "We floated the idea to my mum of sharing a house," says Kathryn Whitehead. Rita cuts in: “We spoke more with Nick because I think it's a big thing for Nick to live with his mother-in-law." And what does Nick think? "From my standpoint, it all seems to work very well. Would I recommend it? Yes, I think I would." It's hard to tell exactly how many people agree with him, but research indicates that the numbers have been rising for some time. Official reports suggest that the number of households with three generations living together had risen from 325,000 in 2001 to 419,000 in 2013. Other varieties of multigenerational family are more common. Some people live with their elderly parents; many more adult children are returning to the family home, if they ever left. It is said that about 20% of 25-34-year-olds live with their parents, compared with 16% in 1991. The total number of all multigenerational households in Britain is thought to be about 1.8 million. Stories like that are more common in parts of the world, where multigenerational living is more firmly rooted. In India, particularly outside cities, young women are expected to move in with their husband's family when they get married. 28. Who mainly uses the ground floor in the Victorian house in Bristol? A. Nick. B. Rita. C. Kathryn. D. The daughters. 29. What is Nick's attitude towards sharing the house with his mother-in-law? A. Positive. B. Carefree. C. Tolerant. D. Unwilling. 30. What is the author's statement about multigenerational family based on? A. Family traditions. B. Financial reports. C. Published statistics. D. Public opinions. 31. What is the text mainly about? A. Lifestyles in different countries. B. Conflicts between generations. C. A housing problem in Britain. D. A rising trend of living in the UK. 【答案】28. B 29. A 30. C 31. D 【词汇】 1. doorway 2. multigenerational 3. float 4. standpoint 5. indicate 6. variety 7. firmly 8. positive 9. tolerant 10. carefree 11. financial 12. conflict 1. doorway n. 门口 2. Multigenerational 多代的 3. Float v. 漂浮；浮现；飘动；提出 n. 浮标；漂浮物；漂浮 4. Standpoint n. 立场；观点 5. Indicate v. 指示；象征；显示；暗示，预示 v. 表明；指明 6. Variety n. 多样；种类；多样化 n. 杂耍 7. Firmly adv. 牢牢地；坚定地 8. Positive adj. 积极的；肯定的；明确的；正面的；正数的；阳性的 n. 正面；正数；正片；[语]原级 9. Tolerant adj. 宽容的；容忍的 10. Carefree adj. 无忧无虑的；轻松愉快的；不在意的 11. Financial adj. 金融的；财政的；有钱的 12. Conflict n. 冲突；战斗；矛盾；斗争 vi. 冲突；抵触；争执 【长难句】 1.With the young unable to afford to leave home and the old at risk of isolation(孤独), more families are choosing to live together. 【句子分析】主干部分：more families are choosing to live together. With 复合结构：With the young unable to afford to leave home and the old at risk of isolation 【翻译】由于年轻人无力离开家，老年人面临与世隔绝的危险，更多的家庭选择住在一起。 2. The doorway to peace and quiet, for Nick Bright at least, leads straight to his mother-in-law: she lives on the ground floor, while he lives upstairs with his wife and their two daughters. 【句子分析】主干部分：The doorway leads to his mother-in-law she lives on the ground floor,对 mother-in-law 的解释。 While 引导并列句：she lives on the ground floor, while he lives upstairs with his wife and their two daughters. while 表示对比。 【翻译】通往和平与宁静的大门，至少对尼克·布莱特来说，是直达岳母的，她住在一楼，而他和妻子以 及两个女儿住在楼上。 3. It’s hard to tell exactly how many people agree with him, but research indicates that the numbers have been rising for some time. 【句子分析】主干部分：It’s hard to tell …but research indicates 宾语从句：how many people agree with him，做 tell 的宾语 宾语从句：that the numbers have been rising for some time.做indicates的宾语。 【翻译】很难说到底有多少人同意他的观点，但研究表明，这一数字已经上升了一段时间。 4. Official reports suggest that the number of households with three generations living together had risen from 325,000 in 2001 to 419,000 in 2013. 【句子分析】主干部分：Official reports suggest that 宾语从句：that the number of households with three generations living together had risen from 325,000 in 2001 to 419,000 in 2013. 介词短语做定语：of households with three generations living together 【翻译】官方报告显示，三代同堂的家庭数量从2001年的32.5万户增加到2013年的41.9万户。 5. Stories like that are more common in parts of the world where multigenerational living is more firmly rooted. 【句子分析】主干部分：Stories are more common 定语从句：where multigenerational living is more firmly rooted.修饰 parts of the world 【翻译】在世界上多代同堂的生活根深蒂固的地区，这样的故事更为常见。 2020 全国卷Ⅲ阅读理解 D We are the products of evolution, and not just evolution that occurred billions of years ago. As scientists look deeper into our genes (基因), they are finding examples of human evolution in just the past few thousand years. People in Ethiopian highlands have adapted to living at high altitudes. Cattle -raising people in East Africa and northern Europe have gained a mutation (突变) that helps them digest milk as adults. On Thursday in an article published in Cell, a team of researchers reported a new kind of adaptation - not to air or to food, but to the ocean. A group of sea-dwelling people in Southeast Asia have evolved into better divers. The Bajau, as these people are known, number in the hundreds of thousands in Indonesia, Malaysia and the Philippines. They have traditionally lived on houseboats; in recent times, they've also built houses on stilts (支柱) in coastal waters. “They are simply a stranger to the land," said Redney C. Jubilado, a University of Hawaii researcher who studies the Bajau. Dr. Jubilado first met the Bajau while growing up on Samal Island in the Philippines. They made a living as divers, spearfishing or harvesting shellfish. "We were so amazed that they could stay underwater much longer than us local islanders," Dr. Jubilado said. “I could see them actually walking under the sea." In201, Melissa Ilardo, then a graduate student in genetics at the University of Copenhagen, heard about the Bajau. She wondered if centuries of diving could have led to the evolution of physical characteristics that made the task easier for them. “it seemed like the perfect chance for natural selection to act on a population," said Dr. Ilardo. She also said there were likely a number of other genes that help the Bajau dive. 32. What does the author want to tell us by the examples in paragraph 1? A. Environmental adaptation of cattle raisers. B. New knowledge of human evolution. C. Recent findings of human origin. D. Significance of food selection. 33. Where do the Bajau build their houses? A. In valleys. B. Near rivers. C. On the beach. D. Off the coast. 34. Why was the young Jubilado astonished at the Bajau? A. They could walk on stilts all day. B. They had a superb way of fishing. C. They could stay long underwater. D. They lived on both land and water. 35. What can be a suitable title for the text? A. Bodies Remodeled for a Life at Sea B. Highlanders' Survival Skills C. Basic Methods of Genetic Research D. The World's Best Divers 【答案】32. B 33. D 34. C 35. A 【词汇】 1. evolution 2. occur 3. adapt 4. altitude 5. gain 6. digest 7. evolve 8. number 9. coastal 10. characteristic 11. selection 12. significance 13. valley 14. astonish 15. superb 16. suitable 17. remodel 18. survival 1. evolution n. 进化；发展；演变 2. Occur vi. 发生；存在；出现；想到 3. Adapt vt. 改编；使适应 vi. 适应；适合 4. Altitude n. 高度；海拔；高地 5. Gain n. 获得；收益；增益 v. 获得；到达；增加；获利；(钟、表等)走得快 6. Digest n. 摘要 vt. 消化；理解 vi. 消化 7. Evolve v. (使)逐步形成；(使)逐步演变；进化 8. Number n. 号码；数量；数字 v. 总计；编号；编号；把 ... 算作 9. Coastal adj. 沿海的；海岸的；沿岸的 10. Characteristic n. 特点；特性；特色 adj. 典型的；特有的 11. Selection n. 选择；挑选；挑选出来的人或事 12. Significance n. 重要性；意义 13. Valley n. 山谷；溪谷；流域 14. Astonish vt. 使惊讶；使吃惊 15. Superb adj. 极好的 16. Suitable adj. 适宜的；合适的 17. Remodel v. 重新塑造；改建；改制；改编 18. Survival n. 幸存；幸存者；生存；残存物，幸存物；【人类学】(失去原有意义、作用的)残存文化特征 【长难句】 1. We are the products of evolution, and not just evolution that occurred billions of years ago. 【句子分析】主干部分：We are the products of evolution, and not just evolution 定语从句：that occurred billions of years ago.修饰 evolution 【翻译】我们是进化的产物，而不仅仅是数十亿年前发生的进化。 2. Cattle-raising people in East Africa and northern Europe have gained a mutation(突变) that helps them digest milk as adults. 【句子分析】主干部分：Cattle-raising people have gained a mutation 定语从句：that helps them digest milk as adults.修饰 mutation 【翻译】东非和北欧的养牛人已经获得了一种突变（变），可以帮助他们成年后消化牛奶。 3. On Thursday in an article published in Cell, a team of researchers reported a new kind of adaptation — not to air or to food, but to the ocean. 【句子分析】主干部分：researchers reported a new kind of adaptation 介词短语作状语：On Thursday in an article published in Cell 【翻译】周四在《细胞》杂志上发表的一篇文章中，一个研究小组报告了一种新的适应方式——不是对空 气或食物，而是对海洋。 4. The Bajau, as these people are known, number in the hundreds of thousands in Indonesia, Malaysia and the Philippines. 【句子分析】主干部分：The Bajau number in the hundreds of thousands number 的名词释义是“数字”；名词动词化，将“数字”加在一起，即“总计；共计”。 【翻译】这些人被称为巴焦人，在印度尼西亚、马来西亚和菲律宾有数十万人。 5. We were so amazed that they could stay underwater much longer than us local islanders 【句子分析】主干部分：We were so amazed 结果状语从句：that they could stay underwater much longer than us local islanders 【翻译】我们很惊讶他们能比我们当地岛民在水下呆的时间长得多 6. She wondered if centuries of diving could have led to the evolution of physical characteristics that made the task easier for them. 【句子分析】主干部分：She wondered 宾语从句: if centuries of diving could have led to the evolution of physical characteristics that made the task easier for them. 定语从句：that made the task easier for them.修饰 evolution 【翻译】她想知道几个世纪的潜水是否会导致身体特征的进化，从而使潜水任务变得更容易。