专题四 2020 新高考全国卷Ⅰ-2020 年高考阅读理解真题词汇和长难句
解读（解析版）
2020 新高考全国卷Ⅰ阅读理解 A
POETRY CHALLENGE
Write a poem about how courage, determination, and strength have helped you face challenges in your life.
Prizes
3 Grand Prizes: Trip to Washington, D.C. for each of three winners, a parent and one other person of the
winner’s choice. Trip includes round-trip air tickets, hotel stay for two nights, and tours of the National Air and Space
Museum and the office of National Geographic World.
6 First Prizes: The book Sky Pioneer: A Photobiography of Amelia Earhart signed by author Corinne Szabo
and pilot Linda Finch.
50 Honorable Mentions: Judges will choose up to 50 honorable mention winners, who will each receive a
T-shirt in memory of Earhart’s final flight.
Rules
Follow all rules carefully to prevent disqualification.
■Write a poem using 100 words or fewer. Your poem can be any format, any number of lines.
■Write by hand or type on a single sheet of paper. You may use both the front and back of the paper.
■On the same sheet of paper, write or type your name, address, telephone number, and birth date.
■Mail your entry to us by October 31 this year.
1. How many people can each grand prize winner take on the free trip?
A. Two. B. Three. C. Four. D. Six.
2. What will each of the honorable mention winners get?
A. A plane ticket. B. A book by Corinne Szabo.
C. A special T-shirt. D. A photo of Amelia Earhart.
3. Which of the following will result in disqualification?
A. Typing your poem out. B. Writing a poem of 120 words.
C. Using both sides of the paper. D. Mailing your entry on October 30.
【答案】1. A 2. C 3. B
【词汇】
1. determination 2. pilot 3. mention
4. disqualification 5. format 6. academic
7. sacrifice 8. barrier
1. determination n. 决心；测定；规定；(正式)决定；定位
2. Pilot n. 飞行员；领航员；试播节目；排障器；[机]导向器 v. 驾驶；领航；向导；试 adj. 试验性的；
引导的
3. Mention vt. 提到；说起 n. 提及；说起
4. Disqualification n. 剥夺资格；不合格；失格
5. Format n. 版式；设计 vt. 使格式化；安排
6. Academic adj. 学院的；学术的；理论的 n. 大学教师，大学生；学者，学究
7. Sacrifice n. 牺牲；祭品；供奉 vt. 牺牲；亏本出售；供奉 vi. 献祭；(棒球)作牺牲一击
8. barrier n. 栅栏；障碍物；屏障
2020 新高考全国卷Ⅰ阅读理解 B
Jenifer Mauer has needed more willpower than the typical college student to pursue her goal of earning a nursing
degree. That willpower bore fruit when Jennifer graduated from University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire and became the
first in her large family to earn a bachelor's degree.
Mauer, of Edgar, Wisconsin, grew up on a farm in a family of 10 children. Her dad worked at a job away from
the farm, and her mother ran the farm with the kids. After high school, Jennifer attended a local technical college,
working to pay her tuition(学费), because there was no extra money set aside for a college education. After
graduation, she worked to help her sisters and brothers pay for their schooling.
Jennifer now is married and has three children of her own. She decided to go back to college to advance her
career and to be able to better support her family while doing something she loves: nursing. She chose the UW-Eau
Claire program at Ministry Saint Joseph's Hospital in Marshfield because she was able to pursue her four-year degree
close to home. She could drive to class and be home in the evening to help with her kids. Jenifer received great
support from her family as she worked to earn her degree: Her husband worked two jobs to cover the bills, and her
68-year-old mother helped take care of the children at times.
Through it all, she remained in good academic standing and graduated with honors. Jennifer sacrificed(牺牲)to
achieve her goal, giving up many nights with her kids and missing important events to study. ''Some nights my heart
was breaking to have to pick between my kids and studying for exams or papers,'' she says. However, her children
have learned an important lesson witnessing their mother earn her degree. Jennifer is a first-generation graduate and
an inspiration to her family-and that's pretty powerful.
4. What did Jennifer do after high school?
A. She helped her dad with his work.
B. She ran the family farm on her own.
C. She supported herself through college.
D. She taught her sisters and brothers at home.
5. Why did Jennifer choose the program at Ministry Saint Joseph's Hospital in Marshfield?
A. To take care of her kids easily. B. To learn from the best nurses.
C. To save money for her parents. D. To find a well-paid job there.
6. What did Jennifer sacrifice to achieve her goal?
A. Her health. B. Her time with family.
C. Her reputation. D. Her chance of promotion.
7. What can we learn from Jenifer's story?
A. Time is money. B. Love breaks down barriers.
C. Hard work pays off. D. Education is the key to success.
【答案】4. C 5. A 6. B 7. C
【词汇】
1. willpower 2. pursue 3. witness
4. inspiration 5. pretty 6. reputation
7. promotion
1. willpower n. 意志力
2. Pursue v. 追求；追捕；继续执行；从事
3. Witness n. 目击者；证人 vt. 目击；经历；见证；出席；观察 vi. 证明；为(宗教信仰)做见证
4. Inspiration n. 灵感；鼓舞人心(的东西)；吸气
5. Pretty adv. 相当地 adj. 漂亮的；秀丽的；好看的 vt. 使漂亮 n. 漂亮的东西；美人
6. Reputation n. 好名声；声誉，名声，名气
7. promotion n. 提升；促进；晋升；促销
【长难句】
1. That willpower bore fruit when Jennifer graduated from University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire and became the first
in her large family to earn a bachelor’s degree.
【句子分析】主干部分：That willpower bore fruit
时间状语从句：when Jennifer graduated from University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire and became the first in her large
family to earn a bachelor’s degree.
And 连接 graduated 和 became，共同做 Jennifer 的谓语
【翻译】当詹妮弗从威斯康星大学奥克莱尔分校毕业，成为她大家庭中第一个获得学士学位的人时，这种
意志力产生了结果。
2. Her dad worked at a job away from the farm, and her mother ran the farm with the kids.
【句子分析】主干部分： 并列句由 and 连接
【翻译】她爸爸在农场外面工作，她妈妈和孩子们一起经营农场。
3. After high school, Jennifer attended a local technical college, working to pay her tuition（学费）, because there
was no extra money set aside for a college education.
【句子分析】主干部分： Jennifer attended a local technical college,
分词短语做状语：working to pay her tuition（学费）,
原因状语从句：because there was no extra money set aside for a college education.
【翻译】高中毕业后，詹妮弗就读于当地的一所技术学院，工作以支付学费，因为没有为大学教育拨出额
外的钱。set aside 留作…之用; 留出…用于;
4. She chose the UW-Eau Claire program at Ministry Saint Joseph’s Hospital in Marshfield because she was able to
pursue her four-year degree close to home.
【句子分析】主干部分： She chose the UW-Eau Claire program
原因状语从句：because she was able to pursue her four-year degree close to home.
【翻译】她选择了威斯康星州马士菲尔德圣约瑟夫医院的 UW-Eau-Claire 项目，因为她可以在离家较近的地
方攻读四年制学位。
5. Her husband worked two jobs to cover the bills, and her 68-year-old mother helped take care of the children at
times.
【句子分析】and 连接两个并列句
【翻译】她的丈夫做了两份工作来支付生活费，她 68 岁的母亲有时也会帮忙照顾孩子。
6. Jennifer sacrificed（牺牲）to achieve her goal, giving up many nights with her kids and missing important
events to study.
【句子分析】主干部分：Jennifer sacrificed
分词短语做状语：giving up many nights with her kids and missing important events to study.
and 连接两个分词短语。
【翻译】詹妮弗为了实现她的目标而牺牲了，放弃了和孩子们在一起的许多夜晚，错过了重要的学习活动。
2020 新高考全国卷Ⅰ阅读理解 C
In the mid-1990s, Tom Bissell taught English as a volunteer in Uzbekistan. He left after seven months,
physically broken and having lost his mind. A few years later, still attracted to the country, he returned to Uzbekistan
to write an article about the disappearance of the Aral Sea.
His visit, however, ended up involving a lot more than that. Hence this book, Chasing the Sea: Lost Among the
Ghosts of Empire in Central Asia, which talks about a road trip from Tashkent to Karakalpakstan, where millions of
lives have been destroyed by the slow drying up of the sea. It is the story of an American travelling to a strange land,
and of the people he meets on his way: Rustam, his translator, a lovely 24-year-old who picked up his colorful
English in California, Oleg and Natasha, his hosts in Tashkent, and a string of foreign aid workers.
This is a quick look at life in Uzbekistan, made of friendliness and warmth, but also its darker side of society. In
Samarkand, Mr Bissell admires the architectural wonders, while on his way to Bukhara he gets a taste of police
methods when suspected of drug dealing. In Ferghana, he attends a mountain funeral(葬礼)followed by a strange
drinking party. And in Karakalpakstan, he is saddened by the dust storms, diseases and fishing boats stuck miles from
the sea.
Mr Bissell skillfully organizes historical insights and cultural references, making his tale a well-rounded picture
of Uzbekistan, seen from Western eyes. His judgment and references are decidedly American, as well as his delicate
stomach. As the author explains, this is neither a travel nor a history book, or even a piece of reportage. Whatever it is,
the result is a fine and vivid description of the purest of Central Asian traditions.
8. What made Mr Bissell return to Uzbekistan?
A. His friends' invitation. B. His interest in the country.
C. His love for teaching. D. His desire to regain health.
9. What does the underlined word “that” in paragraph 2 refer to?
A Developing a serious mental disease.
B. Taking a guided tour in Central Asia.
C. Working as a volunteer in Uzbekistan.
D. Writing an article about the Aral Sea.
10. Which of the following best describes Mr Bissell's road trip in Uzbekistan?
A. Romantic. B. Eventful. C. Pleasant. D. Dangerous.
11. What is the purpose of this text?
A. To introduce a book. B. To explain a cultural phenomenon.
C. To remember a writer. D. To recommend a travel destination.
【答案】8. B 9. D 10. B 11. A
【词汇】
1. physically 2. attract 3. article
4. disappearance 5. involve 6. hence
7. admire 8. suspect 9. sadden
10. reference 11. judgment 12. decidedly
13. delicate 14. reportage 15. vivid
16. description 17. purest 18.mental
19. romantic 20. eventful 21. phenomenon
22. destination
1. physically adv. 身体上地；实际上
2. Attract v. 吸引；引来
3. Article n. 文章；物品；条款；[语]冠词 vt. 订契约
4. Disappearance n. 消失；失踪；绝迹
5. Involve vt. 包含；使忙于；牵涉；使卷入；使陷入
6. Hence adv. 因此；从此以后
7. Admire vt. 钦佩；赞美；羡慕；欣赏
8. Suspect v. 怀疑；猜想 n. 嫌疑犯 adj. 可疑的；不可信的
9. Sadden v. (使)黯淡；(使)悲伤
10. Reference n. 参考；参照；出处；推荐人；推荐函 v. 注明出处；附参考资料
11. Judgment n. 裁判；判断；判断力；意见；判决书
12. Decidedly adv. 断然地；果断地；明确地；毫无疑问
13. Delicate adj. 微妙的；精美的；纤细的；脆弱的；敏锐的；美味的
14. Reportage n. 新闻报道；报告文学
15. Vivid adj. 生动的；鲜艳的；栩栩如生的
16. Description n. 描述；刻画；类型；说明书
17. purest adj. 纯的；纯洁的；纯粹的
18.mental adj. 思想的；心理的；精神的；脑力的 n. 精神病患者
19. Romantic adj. 浪漫的；不切实际的 n. 浪漫的人
20. Eventful adj. 变故多的；多事的；重要的
21. Phenomenon n. 现象；奇人；奇事
22. destination n. 目的地；终点
【长难句】
1. A few years later, still attracted to the country, he returned to Uzbekistan to write an article about the
disappearance of the Aral Sea.
【句子分析】主干部分： he returned to Uzbekistan to write an article about the disappearance of the Aral Sea.
分词短语做状语：still attracted to the country,
【翻译】几年后，仍然被这个国家吸引，他回到乌兹别克斯坦写了一篇关于咸海消失的文章。
2. Hence this book, Chasing the Sea: Lost Among the Ghosts of Empire in Central Asia, which talks about a road
trip from Tashkent to Karakalpakstan, where millions of lives have been destroyed by the slow drying up of the sea.
【句子分析】主干部分：Hence this book (appeared)
同位语：Chasing the Sea: Lost Among the Ghosts of Empire in Central Asia,对 book 的解释。
定语从句：which talks about a road trip from Tashkent to Karakalpakstan,修饰 book
定语从句：where millions of lives have been destroyed by the slow drying up of the sea.修饰 Karakalpakstan
【翻译】因此，这本书名为《追逐大海：迷失在中亚帝国的鬼魂中》，书中讲述了从塔什干到卡拉卡尔帕
克斯坦的一次公路旅行，那里数百万人的生命因海水的缓慢干涸而被毁。
3. It is the story of an American travelling to a strange land, and of the people he meets on his way: Rustam, his
translator, a lovely 24-year-old who picked up his colorful English in California, Oleg and Natasha, his hosts in
Tashkent, and a string of foreign aid workers.
【句子分析】主干部分： It is the story of an American and of the people
分词短语做定语：travelling to a strange land
定语从句：he meets on his way:，省略 that，修饰 people
特殊符号冒号表示解释说明；
Rustam；Oleg and Natasha；a string of foreign aid workers.三个并列名词共同解释 the people
【翻译】拉斯塔姆，他的翻译，一个可爱的 24 岁男孩，在加利福尼亚学了他丰富多彩的英语，他在塔什干
的东道主奥列格和娜塔莎，以及一系列的外国援助人员。
4. This is a quick look at life in Uzbekistan, made of friendliness and warmth, but also its darker side of society.
【句子分析】主干部分：This is a quick look at life in Uzbekistan,
分词短语做状语：made of friendliness and warmth, but also its darker side of society.
【翻译】这是对乌兹别克斯坦生活的一个快速的观察，它既有友好和温暖，也有社会黑暗的一面。
5. In Samarkand, Mr Bissell admires the architectural wonders, while on his way to Bukhara he gets a taste of
police methods when suspected of drug dealing.
【句子分析】主干部分： Mr Bissell admires the architectural wonders
While 在这里表示对比，翻译“而”
时间状语从句：when suspected of drug dealing.
【翻译】在撒马尔罕，比塞尔对建筑奇观赞不绝口，而在前往布哈拉的路上，当他涉嫌贩毒时，他尝到了
警察的方法。
6. Mr Bissell skillfully organizes historical insights and cultural references, making his tale a well-rounded picture
of Uzbekistan, seen from Western eyes.
【句子分析】主干部分：Mr Bissell skillfully organizes historical insights and cultural references
分词短语做状语：making his tale a well-rounded picture of Uzbekistan, seen from Western eyes.
【翻译】比塞尔先生巧妙地组织了历史的洞察力和文化的参考，使他的故事成为一幅从西方人眼中看的乌
兹别克斯坦的全景图。
2020 新高考全国卷Ⅰ阅读理解 D
According to a recent study in the Journal of Consumer Research, both the size and consumption habits of our
eating companions can influence our food intake. And contrary to existing research that says you should avoid eating
with heavier people who order large portions(份), it's the beanpoles with big appetites you really need to avoid.
To test the effect of social influence on eating habits the researchers conducted two experiments. In the first, 95
undergraduate women were individually invited into a lab to ostensibly(表面上)participate in a study about movie
viewership. Before the film began, each woman was asked to help herself to a snack. An actor hired by the
researchers grabbed her food first. In her natural state, the actor weighed 105 pounds. But in half the cases she wore a
specially designed fat suit which increased her weight to 180 pounds.
Both the fat and thin versions of the actor took a large amount of food. The participants followed suit, taking
more food than they normally would have. However, they took significantly more when the actor was thin.
For the second test, in one case the thin actor took two pieces of candy from the snack bowls. In the other case,
she took 30 pieces. The results were similar to the first test: the participants followed suit but took significantly more
,
candy when the thin actor took 30 pieces.
The tests show that the social environment is extremely influential when we're making decisions. If this fellow
participant is going to eat more, so will I. Call it the “I’ll have what she's having” effect. However, we'll adjust the
influence. If an overweight person is having a large portion, I'll hold back a bit because I see the results of his eating
habits. But if a thin person eats a lot, I'll follow suit. If he can eat much and keep slim, why can't I?
12. What is the recent study mainly about?
A. Food safety. B. Movie viewership.
C. Consumer demand. D. Eating behavior.
13. What does the underlined word “beanpoles” in paragraph 1 refer to?
A. Big eaters. B. Overweight persons.
C. Picky eaters. D. Tall thin persons.
14. Why did the researchers hire the actor?
A. To see how she would affect the participants.
B. To test if the participants could recognize her.
C. To find out what she would do in the two tests.
D. To study why she could keep her weight down.
15. On what basis do we “adjust the influence” according to the last paragraph?
A. How hungry we are. B. How slim we want to be.
C. How we perceive others. D. How we feel about the food.
【答案】12. D 13. D 14. A 15. C
【词汇】
1. consumption 2. companion 3. intake
4. existing 5. appetite 6. conduct
7. individually 8. viewership 9. grab
10. version 11. participant 12. significantly
13. similar 14. Adjust 15. behavior
16. consumer 17. recognize 18. slim
19. perceive
1. consumption n. 消费；消耗；肺痨
2. Companion n. 同伴；志趣相投的人；成对物品之一；参考书 v. 陪伴
3. Intake n. 吸入；招收；入口；通风口
4. Existing adj. 现存的；现有的
5. Appetite n. 食欲；嗜好；欲望
6. Conduct n. 行为；举动；品行 v. 引导；指挥；管理 vt. 导电；传热
7. Individually adv. 个别地；单独地；独特地
8. Viewership n. [总称]电视观众
9. Grab v. 抓住；攫取 n. 抓取物；抓
10. Version n. 版本；说法；译本；形式
11. Participant n. 参与者
12. Significantly adv. 意味深长地；意义深远地；重要地；较大地
13. Similar adj. 类似的
14. Adjust v. 调整；校准；调节；使适应
15. Behavior n. 行为；举止；习性；态度
16. Consumer n. 消费者；用户；消费品
17. Recognize vt. 承认；认出；意识到；表示感激；识别
18. Slim adj. 苗条的；微小的；细长的 v. 减肥；缩减
19. perceive v. 注意到；觉察到；认为；理解
【长难句】
1. And contrary to existing research that says you should avoid eating with heavier people who order large portions
（份）, it’s the beanpoles with big appetites you really need to avoid.
【句子分析】主干部分： contrary to existing research， it’s the beanpoles with big appetites you really need to
avoid.
定语从句：that says you should avoid eating with heavier people who order large portions（份）修饰 research
定语从句：who order large portions（份）修饰 heavier people
定语从句：you really need to avoid. （省略 that）修饰 the beanpoles（支竿，纤瘦的人）
【翻译】与现有的研究表明，你应该避免和体重较大的人一起吃大餐，相反的是你真正需要避免的是那些
胃口大的豆子。
2. The results were similar to the first test: the participants followed suit but took significantly more candy when the
thin actor took 30 pieces.
【句子分析】主干部分：The results were similar to the first test
时间状语从句：when the thin actor took 30 pieces.
【翻译】结果与第一个测试结果相似：受试者照着做，但当瘦演员拿了 30 块时，他们吃了更多的糖果。
3. The tests show that the social environment is extremely influential when we’re making decisions.
【句子分析】主干部分： The tests show
宾语从句：that the social environment is extremely influential when we’re making decisions.
时间状语从句：when we’re making decisions.
【翻译】测试表明，当我们做决定时，社会环境是非常有影响的。
4. If an overweight person is having a large portion, I’ll hold back a bit because I see the results of his eating habits.
【句子分析】主干部分： I’ll hold back a bit
条件状语从句：If an overweight person is having a large portion
原因状语从句：because I see the results of his eating habits.
【翻译】如果一个超重的人吃了很多东西，我会克制一下，因为我看到了他饮食习惯的结果。
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