专题五 2020 浙江卷 7 月-2020 年高考阅读理解真题词汇和长难句解读
（解析版）
2020 浙江卷 7 月阅读理解 A
I am an active playgoer and play-reader, and perhaps my best reason for editing this book is a hope of sharing
my enthusiasm for the theater with others. To do this I have searched through dozens of plays to find the ones that I
think best show the power and purpose of the short play.
Each play has a theme or central idea which the playwright（剧作家）hopes to get across through dialogue
and action. A few characters are used to create a single impression growing out of the theme. It is not my intention
to point out the central theme of each of the plays in this collection, for that would, indeed, ruin the pleasure of
reading, discussing, and thinking about the plays and the effectiveness of the playwright. However, a variety of
types is represented here. These include comedy, satire, poignant drama, historical and regional drama. To show the
versatility（多面性）of the short play, I have included a guidance play, a radio play and a television play.
Among the writers of the plays in this collection, Paul Green, Susan Glaspell, Maxwell Anderson, Thornton
Wilder, William Saroyan, and Tennessee Williams have all received Pulitzer Prizes for their contributions to the
theater. More information about the playwrights will be found at the end of this book.
To get the most out of reading these plays, try to picture the play on stage, with you, the reader, in the
audience. The houselights dim （ 变 暗 ） . The curtains are about to open, and in a few minutes the action and
dialogue will tell you the story.
21. What do we know about the author from the first paragraph?
A. He has written dozens of plays. B. He has a deep love for the theater.
C. He is a professional stage actor. D. He likes reading short plays to others.
22. What does the author avoid doing in his work?
A. Stating the plays’ central ideas. B. Selecting works by famous playwrights.
C. Including various types of plays. D. Offering information on the playwrights.
23. What does the author suggest readers do while reading the plays?
A. Control their feelings. B. Apply their acting skills.
C. Use their imagination. D. Keep their audience in mind.
24. What is this text?
A. A short story. B. An introduction to a book.
C. A play review. D. An advertisement for a theater.
【答案】21. B 22. A 23. C 24. B
【词汇】
1. playgoer 2. enthusiasm 3. purpose
4. dialogue 5. impression 6. collection
7. intention 8. variety 9. comedy
10. satire 11. poignant 12. contribution
13. professional 14. audience 15. review
1. playgoer adj. 爱看戏的人；常看戏的人
2. enthusiasm n. 热情；热心；热衷的事物
3. purpose n. 目的；决心；意图；议题 v. 打算；决意
4. dialogue n. 对话 v. 对话
5. impression n. 印象；感觉；模仿 n. 印迹；印刷
6. collection n. 收集；收取，托收；聚集；收藏品；募捐
7. intention n. 意图；目的；意向；打算
8. variety n. 多样；种类；多样化 n. 杂耍
9. comedy n. 喜剧；滑稽；幽默事件
10. satire n. 讽刺文；讽刺
11. poignant adj. 悲伤的；痛切的；严厉的；尖锐的；剧烈的；浓烈的
12. contribution n. 贡献；捐款(赠)；投稿
13. professional adj. 职业的；专业的；专门的 n. 专业人员
14. audience n. 听众；观众；读者；倾听；拥护者；正式会见
15. review n. 复习；回顾；检讨；评审 vt. 检阅；评论；温习；检讨 vi. 写评论
【长难句】
1. I am an active playgoer and play-reader, and perhaps my best reason for editing this book is a hope of sharing my
enthusiasm for the theater with others.
【句子分析】主干部分：I am an active playgoer and play-reader and my best reason is a hope
介词短语作定语：for editing this book
介词短语做定语：of sharing my enthusiasm for the theater with others.
【翻译】我是一个积极的戏迷和戏剧读者，也许我编辑这本书的最好原因是希望能和其他人分享我对戏剧
的热情。
2. To do this I have searched through dozens of plays to find the ones that I think best show the power and purpose
of the short play.
【句子分析】主干部分：I have searched through dozens of plays
目的状语：To do this
目的状语：to find the ones that I think best show the power and purpose of the short play.
定语从句：that I think best show the power and purpose of the short play. 修饰 the ones
【翻译】为了做到这一点，我搜索了几十个剧本，找到了我认为最能体现短剧力量和目的的剧本。
3. Each play has a theme or central idea which the playwright（剧作家）hopes to get across through dialogue and
action.
【句子分析】主干部分：Each play has a theme or central idea
定语从句： which the playwright（剧作家）hopes to get across through dialogue and action.修饰 a theme or
central idea
【翻译】每部戏剧都有一个主题或中心思想，剧作家希望通过对话和行动来传达。
4. It is not my intention to point out the central theme of each of the plays in this collection, for that would, indeed,
ruin the pleasure of reading, discussing, and thinking about the plays and the effectiveness of the playwright.
【句子分析】主干部分：It is not my intention to point out the central theme
介词短语作定语：of each of the plays in this collection
原因状语：for that would, indeed, ruin the pleasure of reading, discussing, and thinking about the plays and the
effectiveness of the playwright.
And 连接 the pleasure 和 the effectiveness
介词短语作定语：of reading, discussing, and thinking about the plays
【翻译】我并不打算指出这本集子中每一部戏剧的中心主题，因为这确实会破坏阅读、讨论和思考剧本的
乐趣和剧作家的有效性。
5. Among the writers of the plays in this collection, Paul Green, Susan Glaspell, Maxwell Anderson, Thornton
Wilder, William Saroyan, and Tennessee Williams have all received Pulitzer Prizes for their contributions to the
theater.
【句子分析】主干部分： …have all received Pulitzer Prizes
介词短语作状语：Among the writers of the plays in this collection,
介词短语作状语：for their contributions to the theater.
【翻译】在本集的剧作家中，保罗·格林、苏珊·格拉斯佩尔、麦克斯韦尔·安德森、桑顿·怀尔德、威
廉·萨罗扬和田纳西·威廉姆斯都因对戏剧的贡献而获得普利策奖。
2020 浙江卷 7 月阅读理解 B
The traffic signals along Factoria Boulevard in Bellevue, Washington, generally don’ t flash the same length
of green twice in a row, especially at rush hour. At 9：30 am, the full red/yellow/green signal cycle might be 140
seconds. By 9：33 am, a burst of additional traffic might push it to 145 seconds. Less traffic at 9：37 am could push
it down to 135. Just like the traffic itself, the timing of the signals changes.
That is by design. Bellevue, a fast-growing city, just east of Seattle, uses a system that is gaining popularity
around the US：intersection（十字路口） signals that can adjust in real time to traffic conditions. These lights,
known as adaptive signals, have led to significant declines in both the trouble and cost of travels between work and
home.
“Adaptive signals can make sure that the traffic demand that is there is being addressed,” says Alex
Stevanovic, a researcher at Florida Atlantic University.
For all of Bellevue’ s success, adaptive signals are not a cure-all for jammed roadways. Kevin Balke, a
research engineer at the Texas A&M University Transportation Institute, says that while smart lights can be
particularly beneficial for some cities, others are so jammed that only a sharp reduction in the number of cars on the
road will make a meaningful difference. “It’s not going to fix everything, but adaptive signals have some benefits
for smaller cities,” he says.
In Bellevue, the switch to adaptive signals has been a lesson in the value of welcoming new approaches. In the
past, there was often an automatic reaction to increased traffic: just widen the roads, says Mark Poch, the Bellevue
Transportation Department’s traffic engineering manager. Now he hopes that other cities will consider making their
streets run smarter instead of just making them bigger.
25. What does the underlined word “that” in paragraph 2 refer to?
A. Increased length of green lights. B. Shortened traffic signal cycle.
C. Flexible timing of traffic signals. D. Smooth traffic flow on the road.
26. What does Kevin Balke say about adaptive signals?
A. They work better on broad roads.
B. They should be used in other cities.
C. They have greatly reduced traffic on the road.
D. They are less helpful in cities seriously jammed.
27. What can we learn from Bellevue’ s success?
A. It is rewarding to try new things. B. The old methods still work today.
C. It pays to put theory into practice. D. The simplest way is the best way.
【答案】 25. C 26. D 27. A
【词汇】
1. additional 2. popularity 3. adjust
4. adaptive 5. decline 6. significant
7. address 8. particularly 9. beneficial
10. sharp 11.reduction 12. approach
13. automatic 14. reaction 15. flexible
16. smooth 17. jammed 18. rewarding
1. additional adj. 附加的；额外的
2. popularity n. 普及；流行；名望；受欢迎
3. adjust v. 调整；校准；调节；使适应
4. adaptive adj. 适合的；适应的
5. decline v. 下降；减少；变弱；拒绝；倾斜 n. 衰微；跌落；晚年
6. significant adj. 重要的；有意义的；意味深长的；显著的
7. address n. 住址；网址；电子邮箱地址；称呼；致词；讲话；演讲；谈吐 v. 称呼；发表演说；提出；写地
址；处理
8. particularly adv. 特别；尤其；详细地
9. beneficial adj. 有利的；有益的
10. sharp adj. 锋利的；突然的；灵敏的；明显的；辛辣的；【音】升音阶的 adv. 准时地；突然地；偏高地
11.reduction n. 减少；降低；减价；(化学)还原反应；(数学)约分
12. approach v. 靠近；接近；接洽；要求；达到；动手处理 n. 途径；方法；接近；接洽；要求；路径；进场
着陆；相似的事物
13. automatic adj. 自动的；无意识的；必然的 n. 自动装置；半自动武器
14. reaction n. 反应；生理反应；反应能力；复旧；反动；化学反应
15. flexible adj. 柔韧的；灵活的；易弯曲的；可变通的
16. smooth adj. 光滑的；平稳的；流畅的；圆滑的；可口的；安祥的；均匀的 v. 使光滑；消除；安慰；理顺
(羽毛)
17. jammed adj. 被卡住的；塞满的
18. rewarding adj. 有报酬的；有益的；值得的
【长难句】
1. Bellevue, a fast-growing city, just east of Seattle, uses a system that is gaining popularity around the US ：
intersection（十字路口） signals that can adjust in real time to traffic conditions.
【句子分析】主干部分：Bellevue uses a system
同位语：a fast-growing city 对 Bellevue 的解释
地点状语：just east of Seattle
定语从句：that is gaining popularity around the US 修饰 system
定语从句：that can adjust in real time to traffic conditions.修饰 signals
【翻译】贝尔维尤，一个快速发展的城市，就在西雅图以东，使用了一种在美国越来越受欢迎的系统：十
字路口（十字路口）信号灯，可以根据交通状况实时调整。
2. These lights, known as adaptive signals, have led to significant declines in both the trouble and cost of travels
between work and home.
【句子分析】主干部分： These lights have led to significant declines
介词短语作状语：in both the trouble and cost of travels between work and home.
分词短语作同位语 known as adaptive signals
【翻译】在这些信号灯，被称为适应性信号灯，的使用大大减少了往返于工作和家庭之间的麻烦和费用。
3.Adaptive signals can make sure that the traffic demand that is there is being address.
【句子分析】主干部分： Adaptive signals can make sure
宾语从句：that the traffic demand that is there is being address.
定语从句：that is there 修饰 demand
【翻译】适应信号可以确保存在的流量需求被寻址。
4. Kevin Balke, a research engineer at the Texas A&M University Transportation Institute, says that while smart
lights can be particularly beneficial for some cities, others are so jammed that only a sharp reduction in the number
of cars on the road will make a meaningful difference.
【句子分析】主干部分：Kevin Balke says that
同位语：a research engineer at the Texas A&M University Transportation Institute,
宾语从句：that while smart lights can be particularly beneficial for some cities, others are so jammed that only a
sharp reduction in the number of cars on the road will make a meaningful difference.
让步状语从句：while smart lights can be particularly beneficial for some cities,
结果状语从句：that only a sharp reduction in the number of cars on the road will make a meaningful difference.
【翻译】德州农工大学交通研究所（Texas a&M University Transportation Institute）的研究工程师凯文•巴尔
克（Kevin Balke）表示，虽然智能灯对一些城市尤其有利，但其他城市交通拥堵严重，只有大幅减少道路
上的汽车数量，才会产生有意义的改变。
5. Now he hopes that other cities will consider making their streets run smarter instead of just making them bigger.
【句子分析】主干部分： he hopes
宾语从句：that other cities will consider making their streets run smarter instead of just making them bigger.
【翻译】现在他希望其他城市能考虑让街道变得更智能，而不仅仅是让街道变大。
2020 浙江卷 7 月阅读理解 C
Challenging work that requires lots of analytical thinking, planning and other managerial skills might help
your brain stay sharp as you age, a study published Wednesday in the journal Neurology suggests.
Researchers from the University of Leipzig in Germany gathered more than 1, 000 retired workers who were
over age 75 and assessed the volunteers’ memory and thinking skills through a battery of tests. Then, for eight
years, the scientists asked the same group to come back to the lab every 18 months to take the same sorts of tests.
Those who had held mentally stimulating（刺激）, demanding jobs before retirement tended to do the best on
the tests. And they tended to lose cognitive （ 认 知 ） function at a much slower rate than those with the least
mentally challenging jobs. The results held true even after the scientists accounted for the participants’ overall
health status.
“This works just like physical exercise,” says Francisca Then, who led the study. “After a long run, you may
feel like you’re in pain, you may feel tired. But it makes you fit. After a long day at work — sure, you will feel
tired, but it can help your brain stay healthy. ”
It’s not just corporate jobs, or even paid work that can help keep your brain fit, Then points out. A waiter’ s
job, for example, that requires multitasking, teamwork and decision-making could be just as stimulating as any
high-level office work. And “running a family household requires high-level planning and coordinating（协调）,”
she says. “You have to organize the activities of the children and take care of the bills and groceries.”
Of course, our brains can decline as we grow older for lots of reasons — including other environmental
influences or genetic factors. Still, continuing to challenge yourself mentally and keeping your mind busy can only
help.
28. Why did the scientists ask the volunteers to take the tests?
A. To assess their health status. B. To evaluate their work habits.
C. To analyze their personality. D. To measure their mental ability.
29. How does Francisca Then explain her findings in paragraph 4?
A. By using an expert’s words. B. By making a comparison.
C. By referring to another study. D. By introducing a concept.
30. Which of the following is the best title for the text?
A. Retired Workers Can Pick Up New Skills
B. Old People Should Take Challenging Jobs
C. Your Tough Job Might Help Keep You Sharp
D. Cognitive Function May Decline As You Age
【答案】28. D 29. B 30. C
【词汇】
1. analytical 2. managerial 3. mentally
4. account 5. corporate 6. coordinate
7. decline 8. assess 9. evaluate
10. comparison 11. concept 12. refer
13. retired 14. tough 15. cognitive
1. analytical adj. 分析的；解析的；善于解析的
2. managerial adj. 管理的
3. mentally adv. 精神上；智力上；心理上
4. account n. 账户；帐目；赊账；老主顾；报告；描述；解释；说明；估计；理由；利益；好处；根据 v. 解
释；导致；报账；把 ... 视为；归咎(于)
5. corporate adj. 法人的；公司的；社团的；共同的；全体的
6. coordinate v. （使）协调；（使）一致；（使）同等 n. 坐标；同等的人物；配套服装 adj. 同等的；等位的；
(大学)男女分院制的
7. decline v. 下降；减少；变弱；拒绝；倾斜 n. 衰微；跌落；晚年
8. assess v. 评定；评估；估算
9. evaluate vt. 评价；评估
10. comparison n. 比较；比喻
11. concept n. 观念；概念；想法
12. refer vt. 把 ... 提交；把 ... 归因；归类 vi. 参考；谈及；咨询
13. retired adj. 退休的；退役的
14. tough adj. 强硬的；棘手的，难办的；艰苦的；严厉的；牢固的，强壮的；坚强的，坚韧的 adv. 以强硬
的态度；强硬地，顽强地 n. 暴徒; 恶棍
15. cognitive adj. 认识的；认知的；有认识力的
【长难句】
1. Challenging work that requires lots of analytical thinking, planning and other managerial skills might help your
brain stay sharp as you age, a study published Wednesday in the journal Neurology suggests.
【句子分析】主干部分：a study published Wednesday in the journal Neurology suggests.
宾语从句：Challenging work that requires lots of analytical thinking, planning and other managerial skills might
help your brain stay sharp as you age,省略 that
宾从里面的主句：Challenging work might help your brain stay sharp
定语从句：that requires lots of analytical thinking, planning and other managerial skills 修饰 work
时间状语从句：as you age
【翻译】周三发表在《神经学》杂志上的一项研究表明，挑战性的工作需要大量的分析思考、计划和其他
管理技能，这可能会帮助你的大脑随着年龄的增长而保持敏锐。
2. Researchers from the University of Leipzig in Germany gathered more than 1, 000 retired workers who were
over age 75 and assessed the volunteers’ memory and thinking skills through a battery of tests.
【句子分析】主干部分：Researchers gathered more than 1, 000 retired workers and assessed the volunteers’
memory and thinking skills
介词短语作定语：from the University of Leipzig in Germany
定语从句：who were over age 75 修饰 workers
【翻译】德国莱比锡大学的研究人员收集了 1000 多名 75 岁以上的退休工人，通过一系列测试来评估志愿
者的记忆力和思维能力。
3. Those who had held mentally stimulating（刺激）, demanding jobs before retirement tended to do the best on
the tests.
【句子分析】主干部分：Those tended to do the best on the tests.
定语从句：who had held mentally stimulating（刺激），demanding jobs before retirement 修饰 those
【翻译】那些在退休前有精神刺激、要求工作的人往往在测试中表现最好。
4. And they tended to lose cognitive（认知）function at a much slower rate than those with the least mentally
challenging jobs.
【句子分析】主干部分： they tended to lose cognitive function
介词短语做状语：at a much slower rate than those
介词短语作定语：with the least mentally challenging jobs.
【翻译】而且他们的认知功能丧失的速度比那些从事智力挑战性最低的工作的人慢得多。
5. A waiter’ s job, for example, that requires multitasking, teamwork and decision-making could be just as
stimulating as any high-level office work.
【句子分析】主干部分：A waiter’ s job could be just as stimulating as any high-level office work.
插入语：for example
定语从句：that requires multitasking, teamwork and decision-making 修饰 job
【翻译】例如，服务生的工作需要多任务处理、团队合作和决策，这和任何高级办公室工作一样令人兴奋。
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