语法填空中如何识别谓语动词和非谓语动词
一、概念
在句子中担任谓语的动词，叫做谓语动词；顾名思义，在句子中不能作谓语，而是担
任主语、宾语、表语、定语和状语等的动词，叫做非谓语动词。
We should serve the people heart and soul.(谓语)
I am reading a novel.(谓语)
She found English hard to learn.(状语)
Seeing is believing.(主语和表语)
The results obtained are quite satisfactory.(定语)
Please stop speaking.(宾语)
二、识别方法
1．利用并列连词
[ 典 例 ] (2017· 全 国 卷 Ⅱ )It took three years to complete and was built using an
interesting method.This included digging up the road ， ________(lay) the track and then
building a strong roof over the top.
[分析] laying and 前后为三个并列成分，根据“digging”“building”可知用 laying，这
三个动名词短语作 included 的宾语。
2．利用固定结构
[典例] (2018·全国卷Ⅲ)I quickly lower myself，ducking my head to avoid ________
(look) directly into his eyes so he doesn't feel challenged.
[分析] looking 动词 avoid 后用动词的ing 形式。
[点拨] 复习备考时，要积累使用非谓语动词的结构，这样能起到事半功倍的效果。
3．分析句子成分
[典例 1] (2019·全国卷Ⅰ) In recent years some Inuit people in Nunavut ________
(report) increases in bear sightings around human settlements, leading to a belief that
populations are increasing.
[分析] have reported 分析句子成分可知该句为复合句，主句的主语为 some Inuit
people，空格处作主句的谓语，根据句中时间状语“In recent years”可知，应用现在完成时。
故填 have reported。
[点拨] 若句子中没有谓语，或者有并列连词连接两个谓语，则需要填动词的谓语形
式时，此时应根据语境判断动词的时态、语态，以及使谓语动词与主语保持单复数一致。
[典例 2] (2019·全国卷Ⅲ) On the last day of our weeklong stay, we were invited to
attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars，________
(listen) to musicians and meeting interesting locals.
[分析] listening 考查非谓语动词。分析句子成分可知， 句子中已经出现了谓语动
词，且句子中没有连词，故所填词为非谓语动词形式，且与其逻辑主语 we 之间为主动关系，
故用现在分词形式作伴随状语，故填 listening。此题也可根据后面 meeting 可知此处所填词
与 meeting 之间构成并列的伴随状语。
[点拨] 作伴随状语，通常用分词，若与逻辑主语是主动关系，用现在分词；若是被
动关系，用过去分词。
[典例 3] (2016·全国卷Ⅲ)Truly elegant chopsticks might be made of gold and
silver with Chinese characters. Skilled workers also combine various hardwoods and metal
________(create) special designs.
[分析] to create 分析句子成分可知，skilled workers 为主语；combine 作谓语动词，
various hardwoods and metal 作宾语，此处表示 combine ...and ...的目的，故用不定式作目
的状语，应填 to create。
[点拨] 若句子中已经有了谓语动词，且此空不作并列谓语，则需要填动词的非谓语
形式。动词的非谓语形式包括动名词、现在分词、过去分词和不定式。此时考生应判断非
谓语动词在句中作什么成分。作目的状语或在形容词后作状语，一般用不定式。
三、单句语法填空
1 ． (2019· 全 国 卷 Ⅰ)Modern methods for tracking polar bear populations have been
employed only since the mid1980s, and are expensive ________ (perform) consistently over
a large area.
2．(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)Scientists have responded by ________ (note) that hungry bears may
be congregating ( 聚 集 ) around human settlements, leading to the illusion ( 错 觉 ) that
populations are higher than they actually are.
3．(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)A 90yearold has been awarded“Woman Of The Year”for ________
(be) Britain's oldest fulltime employee — still working 40 hours a week.
4．(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)When we got a call ________ (say)she was shortlisted, we thought it
was a joke.
5．(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)On our way to the house, it was raining so hard that we couldn't help
wondering how long it would take ________ (get) there.It was in the middle of Pearl City.
6．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)You may drink, smoke, be overweight and still reduce your risk of
________ (die)early by running.
7．(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)My ambassadorial duties will include ________(introduce) British visitors
to the 120plus pandas at Chengdu and others at a research centre in the misty mountains of
Bifengxia.
8．(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)Once his message was delivered, he allowed me ________ (stay) and watch.
9．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)According to a review of evidence in a medical journal，runners live three
years longer than nonrunners.You don't have to run fast or for long ________ (see) the
benefit.
10．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)China's approach to protecting its environment while ________ (feed)
its citizens “offers useful lessons for agriculture and food policymakers worldwide，” says
the bank's Juergen Voegele.
11．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)Fat and salt are very important parts of a diet.They are required
________(process) the food that we eat, to recover from injury and for several other bodily
functions.
12．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)Fast food is full of fat and salt; by ________(eat) more fast food
people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet.
13．(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)But unlike her school friends,16yearold Sarah is not spending
halfterm ________(rest)．Instead, she is earning ￡6,500 a day as a model in New York.
四、单句改错
1．(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)If I succeed in manage one, I will open more.
2．(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)All the football players on the playground cheered loudly, say that I
had a talent for football.
3．(2016·全国卷Ⅲ)I showed them I was independent by wear strange clothes.
4．(全国卷Ⅱ)After looks at the toy for some time，he turned around and found his
parents were missing.
5．(四川高考)We've been spending a lot of time sing in karaoke bars.
6．(浙江高考)I enjoyed sit close to the windows and looking at the view.
7．(陕西高考)One evening at sunset, we sat by the fire, have our barbecue.
8 ． ( 全 国 卷 Ⅱ )Have tea in the late afternoon provides a bridge between lunch and
dinner, which might not be served until 8 o'clock at night.
The key:
三、1. to perform 2. Noting 3. being 4. saying 5. to get 6. dying
7. introducing 8. to stay9. to see 10. feeding 11. to process 12. eating 13.resting
四、1.manage→managing 2. say→saying 3. wear→wearing 4. looks→looking
5. sing→singing 6. sit→sitting 7. have→having 8. Have→Having
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