2021高考英语真题分类拔高练习之语法填空篇专题06 语法填空（解析版）

2021 高考英语真题分类拔高练习 06 1.（2018·全国卷Ⅱ）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形 式。 Diets have changed in China-and so too has its top crop. Since 2011,the country________（ grow）more corn than rice. Corn production has jumped nearly 125 percent over________past 25 years, while rice has increased only 7 percent. A taste for meat is________(actual) behind the change. An important part of its corn is used to feed chickens, pigs, and cattle. Another reason for corn's rise. The government encourages farmers to grow corn instead of rice________(improve) water quality. Corn uses less water________rice and creates less fertilizer( 化 肥 ) runoff. This switch has decreased________(pollute) in the country's major lakes and reservoirs and made drinking water safer for people. According to the World Bank, China accounts for about 30 percent of total________(globe)fertilizer consumption. The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005-when the government ________ (start) a soil-testing program ________ gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers - and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons. That prevented the emission(排放) of 51.8 million tons of carbon dioxide. China's approach to protecting its environment while ________ (feed) its citizens "offers useful lessons for agriculture and food policymakers worldwide." says the bank's Juergen Voegele. 【答案】 has grown；the；actually；to improve；than；pollution；global；started ；that/which；feeding 【解析】⑴has grown.考查谓语动词的时态。注意：常见表示完成时的标志词有 since, recently, for+一段时间等。由句中的时间状语 since 2011 可知用现在完成时，主语 the country 是单数， 故答案为 has grown。 ⑵the 考查冠词的用法。The 表示特指，a/an 表示泛指。句意：在过去的 25 年，玉米的产 量增长了差不多 125%，而水稻只增长了 7%。短语：in the past …years 在过去的…年，故 答案为 the。 语法填空 ⑶actually 考查形容词副词的转换。句意：对肉的喜爱实际上是变化背后的原因。此处修饰 动词，所以将形容词 actual 变为副词，故答案为 actually。 ⑷to improve 考查不定式作目的状语。句意：政府鼓励农民种玉米而不中水稻，是为了改 善水质。此处作目的状语，故答案为 to improve。 ⑸than 考查连词的使用。句意：玉米的用水比水稻要少，并且产生化肥的径流量要少。由 句意结合比较级 less 可知此处构成前后比较的关系，故答案为 than。 ⑹pollution 考查词性转化。句意：这种转换减少了国家的一些主要湖泊里的污染。此处是 及物动词 decrease 的宾语，所以用名词，故答案为 pollution。 ⑺global 考查词性转换。句意：根据世界银行统计，中国占全球化肥消耗的 30%。此处修 饰名词 fertilizer consumption，所以用形容词，故答案为 global，全球的。 ⑻started 考查时态。句意：在 2005 年，政府发起了一个土壤检测活动，这向农民推荐了具 体的化肥的使用。此处是从句中的谓语，when 指先行词 2005，所以用一般过去时，故答案 为 started。 ⑼that/which 考查定语从句关系词的选择。此处指代先行词 a soil-testing program，并且在从 句中作主语，故答案为 that 或 which。 ⑽feeding 考查非谓语动词。while 是连词，后跟动词-ing 作伴随状语，故答案为 feeding。 2.（2018·全国卷Ⅰ）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形 式。 According to a review of evidence in a medical journal runners live three years________(long) than non-runners You don't have to run fast or for long________(see)the benefit You may drink, smoke, be overweight and still reduce your risk of ________（die）early by running. While running regularly can make you live forever, the review says it ________ (be)more effective at lengthening life ________walking ,cycling or swimming. Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 ________showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all ________(cause). The best exercise is one that you enjoy and will do. But otherwise …… It's probably running. To avoid knee pain, you can run on soft surfaces to ________(strength)your leg muscles(肌肉),avoid hills and get good running shoes. Running is cheap, easy and it's always ________(energy). If you are time poor, you need run for only half the time to get the same benefits other sports, so perhaps we should all give ________a try. 【答案】 longer；to see；dying；is；than；that/which；causes；strengthen；energetic；it/running 【解析】这是一篇议论文，谈论跑步带来的好处。 ⑴longer 考查形容词的比较等级。空后有 than, 故此处用比较级 longer。 ⑵to see 考查非谓语动词。 句意：你不必快跑或跑很长的距离才会看到益处，此处 to see the benefit 作结果状语。故答案为 to see。 ⑶dying 考查非谓语动词。 空前有介词 of, 介词后出现动词，只能用这个动词的动名词形 式作宾语。故答案为 dying。 ⑷is 考查动词的时态和语态。句意：虽然经常跑步不能使你永远活着，但是评论说经常跑 步在延长生命这方面比步行更有效。此处用一般现在时表示客观事实，it 是第三人称单数， 故答案为 is。 ⑸than 考查连词。句中 it 指代 running, 空后是 walking,都是动名词，再根据句意：虽然经 常跑步不能使你永远活着，但是评论说经常跑步在延长生命这方面比步行更有效，故填连 词 than。 ⑹that/which 考查定语从句。 空处为关系代词作定语从句的主语，先行词为 a study, published in 2014 是过去分词短语作 a study 的定语，定语从句没有紧跟在先行词后，属于定语从句的 隔离现象。故答案为 that/which. ⑺causes 考查名词单复数。cause(原因，起因)是可数名词，前面有 all,all 后可接可数名词， 也可接不可数名词，接可数名词要用复数。故答案为 causes. ⑻strengthen 考查词性转换。空前有不定式符号 to, 所以此处应该填 strength 的动词形式。 故答案为 strengthen。 ⑼energetic 考查词性转换。根据前面的 is cheap,easy,所以后面的 is 后也应为形容词 energetic 此处意思应为“有效的，效果显著的”，主语不是人，不能翻译为“精力充沛的”。故答案为 energetic。 ⑽it/running 考查代词 give it a try 试一试，为固定短语，根据上文，此处 it 指代 running。 故答案为 it/running。 3.（2017·浙江）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1 个单词）或括号内单词的正 确形式。（共 10 小题：每小题 1.5 分，满分 15 分） Last October , while tending her garden in Mora , Sweden , Lena Pahlsson pulled out a handful of small ________(carrot) and was about to throw them away. But something made her look closer , and she noticed a ________(shine) object. Yes, there beneath the leafy top of one tiny carrot was her long-lost wedding ring. Pahlsson screamed________loudly that her daughter came running from the house. “she thought I had hurt________(I),”says Pahlsson Sixteen years________(early), Pahlsson had removed the diamond ring ________ (cook) a meal. When she wanted to put the ring back on later, it was gone. She suspected that one of her three daughters —then ten, eight, and six— had picked it up, but the girls said they hadn't. Pahlsson and her husband ________ (search) the kitchen, checking every corner, but turned up nothing. “I gave up hope of finding my ring again," she says. She never replaced it. Pahlsson and her husband now think the ring probably got ________ (sweep) into a pile of kitchen rubbish and was spread over the garden, ________it remained until the carrot's leafy top accidentally sprouted (生长) through it. For Pahlsson, its return was ________ wonder. 【答案】 carrots；shiny/shining；so；myself；earlier；to cook；searched；swept；where；a 【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了Lena Pahlsson 在花园里采摘胡萝卜时，找到了丢 失已久的结婚戒指的那种失而复得心情。 ⑴句意：去年十月，在 Pahlsson 在整理花园的时候，她拔出一把小胡萝卜正要扔掉。a handful of+复数名词，故填 carrots。 ⑵句意：但是有东西使得她凑近仔细看，她注意到了一个闪光的物体。修饰名词 object，故 用形容词 shining。 ⑶句意：Pahlsson 尖叫的如此大声以至于她女儿从屋里跑出来，so+形容/副词+that……如 此……以至于。故填 so。 ⑷句意：“她以为我伤到了自己。”主语与宾语是同一人，故用反身代词 myself。 ⑸句意：十六年前，故用比较级 earlier。 ⑹句意：Pahlsson 退掉钻戒去做饭。表示目的，故用不定式 to cook。 ⑺句意：Pahlsson 和他的丈夫在厨房找遍了，检查了每一个角落，但是一无所获。此处是 句子的谓语，讲述过去发生的事，故填一般过去时 searched。 ⑻句意：Pahlsson 和她的丈夫现在认为这个戒指很可能被扫到厨房的一堆垃圾里面，被撒 在花园里了。get+过去分词，故填 swept。 ⑼句意：戒指一直在那儿，直到胡萝卜的叶子意外地穿过它长出来。此处是定语从句，先 行词是 the garden，故填 where。 ⑽句意：对于 Pahlsson 来说，戒指的回归真是一个奇迹。故填 a。 4.（2017·新课标Ⅲ）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形 式。 She looks like any other schoolgirl, fresh-faced and full of life. Sarah Thomas is looking forward to the challenge of her new A-level course . But unlike school friends ,16-year-old Sarah is not spending half-term ________ (rest). Instead, she is earning $6500 a day as ________ model in New York. Sarah ________ (tell) that she could be Britain's new supermodel， earning a million dollars in the new year. Her father Peter44,want her to give up school to model fulltime. But Sarah, ________has taken part in shows along with top models， wants ________ (prove) that she has brains as well as beauty. She is determined to carry on with her________(educate). She has turned down several ________(invitation) to star at shows in order to concentrate on her studies. After school she plans to take a year off to model full time before going to university to get a degree ________ engineering or architecture. Sarah says, "My dad thinks I should take the offer now. But at the moment, school ________(come) first. I don't want to get too absorbed in modeling. It is________(certain) fun but the lifestyle is a little unreal. I don't want to have nothing else to fall back on when I can't model my more." 【答案】 resting；a；has been told/was told；who；to prove；education；invitations；in；comes ；certainly 【解析】 ⑴句意：她看起来跟其他女生一样，满脸稚气，活泼可爱。莎拉托马斯在盼望她的新的高 等程度考试课程的挑战。但是不像其他的同学那样，16 岁的莎拉没有没有在期中假休息。 搭配：spend time doing sth 花时间做某事。故填 resting。 ⑵句意：然而，她在纽约当模特一天挣 6500 美元。model 是可数名词，故用不定冠词 a， 表泛指。 ⑶句意：有人告诉莎拉说她有可能成为英国的新的超模，在明年可能挣一百万美元。由句 意可知 Sarah 与 tell 构成被动关系，描述已经发生的事应该用过去式，故填 was told。此处 也可以用现在完成时表示对现在造成的影响，故可以用现在完成时 have been told。 ⑷句意：她 44 岁的父亲想让她放弃学业做专职的模特。但和顶级模特一起参加演出的莎拉， 想证明她既有有美貌也有智慧。这是一个定语从句，先行词是 Sarah，故用 who。 ⑸固定搭配：want to do sth 想做某事，故填 to prove。 ⑹句意：她决定继续她的教育。her 是形容词性物主代词，后跟形容词，故填 education。 ⑺句意：她已经拒绝了几个请她当主角的邀请，为了把精力集中在她的学习上。several 几 个，后跟复数名词，故填 invitations。 ⑻句意：高中毕业后，她打算在上大学攻读工程或建筑学位前休假一年去当专职模特。搭 配：a degree in…………方面的学位。故填 in。 ⑼句意：莎拉说，"我父亲认为我应该接受这个工作，但是现在，学业是第一位的。主语是 school，故填 comes。 ⑽句意：我不想专注于模特，那当然很有趣，但是这种生活方式有点虚无。此处修饰 fun， 故用副词 certainly。