2021 届河北衡水高中英语新高考语法复习微专题(九)
助动词和 be 动词知识点整理总结
助动词
一、定义
助动词(Auxiliary Verb)即协助主要动词构成谓语动词词组的词。被协助的动词
称作主要动词(Main Verb)。
助动词自身没有词义,不可单独使用。但是部分助动词是可以作为实义动词来使用
的,如 have, do
二、常用助动词
最常用的助动词有:be, have, do, shall, will, should, would
三、助动词的用法
A. be
1)be + v-ing,构成进行时,例如:
2)They are having a meeting.
他们正在开会。
2)be + 过去分词,构成被动语态,例如:
The window was broken by Tom.
窗户被汤姆打碎了。
3) be + to do,表示下列内容:
a. 表示计划或安排,例如:
He is to go to New York next week..
他下周要去纽约。这种用法也可以说成是一种将来时态表达法。
b. 表示命令,例如:
You are to explain this.
对此你要做出解释。
c.征求意见,例如:
How am I to answer him?
我该怎样答复他?
d. 表示相约、商定,例如:
We are to meet at the school gate at seven tomorrow morning.
我们明天早晨 7 点在校门口集合。
B. have
1)have +过去分词,构成完成时态,例如:
He has left for London.
他已去了伦敦。
2)have + been +现在分词,构成完成进行时,例如:
I have been studying English for ten years.
我学英语已达十年之久。
3)have+been +过去分词,构成完成式被动语态,例如:
English has been taught in China for many years.
英语在中国已经被教多年。
C. do
1) 构成一般疑问句,例如:Do you want to pass the CET?
你想通过大学英语测试吗?
2) do + not 构成否定句,例如:
I do not want to be criticized.
我不想挨批评。
3) 构成否定祈使句,例如:
Don't go there.
不要去那里。
构成否定祈使句只用 do,不用 did 和 does。
4) 放在动词原形前,加强该动词的语气,例如:
Do come to my birthday party.
一定来参加我的生日宴会。
I did go there.
我确实去那儿了。
5) 用于倒装句,例如:
Never did I hear of such a thing.
我从未听说过这样的事情。
引导此类倒装句的副词有 never, seldom, rarely, little, only, so, well 等。
6) 用作代动词,例如:
Do you like Beijing?
你喜欢北京吗?
Yes, I do.
是的,喜欢。(do 用作代动词,代替 like Beijing.)D. shall 和 will
shall 和 will 作为助动词可以与动词原形一起构成一般将来时,例如:
I shall study harder at English.
我将更加努力地学习英语。
He will go to Shanghai.
他要去上海。
E. should 和 would
1)should 无词义,只是 shall 的过去形式,与动词原形构成过去将来时,只用于
第一人称,例如:
I telephoned him yesterday to ask what I should do next week.
我昨天给他打电话,问他我下周干什么。
2) would 也无词义,是 will 的过去形式,与动词原形构成过去将来时,用于第
二、第三人称,例如:
He said he would come.
他说他要来。
英语中的 be 动词
一、be 动词与主语的搭配
主语 be 动词 搭配 缩写
I am I am I’m
You are You are You’re
He/she/it is He/she/it is He/she/it’sWe/you/They are We/you/They are We/You/They’re
▲否定形式在 be 动词后加 not, 如 You’re not,也可以写作 You aren’t, 除了
I’m not, 其它也可以这样缩写
▲that’s=that is there’s=there is here’s=here is
二、由 be 动词引申而来的疑问句
1. 一般疑问句
(1).
be 动词 主语
am I am I
are you are you
is he/she/it is he/she/it
are we/you/they are they/we/you
如:Are you a student?
(2).回答:用 yes 和 no 来回答
am I Yes, you are/No, you aren’t
are you Yes, I am/No, I am not
is he/she/it Yes, he/she/it is or No, he/she/it isn’t
are they/we/y
ou
Yes, they/you/we are or No, they/you/we aren’t
▲注意:当 be 动词后是 this/that 时,回答时的主语应变为 it
如:Is this your book? No, it isn’t.2.特殊疑问句:在一般疑问句的基础上加特殊疑问词
(1).
who am/is/are Who am/is/are
where am/is/are Where am/is/are
what am/is/are What am/is are
how am/is/are How am/is/are
why am/is/are Why am/is/are
(2)回答:具体问题具体回答 如:Where are you from?How are you?