演练04 体裁应对策略之说明文类（解析版）-2021年高考英语提分策略之完形填空

2021 年高考英语提分策略之完形填空 演练 04 体裁应对策略之说明文类 1 Even though Danish students have equal access to education, their choice of studies is still influenced by social class. Young people from working class backgrounds are 1 by studies with a clear job profile and high income, 2 prestige and studies with a strong identity interest young people of parents with university degrees when choosing which studies to 3 . This is what researchers from the University of Copenhagen 4 in a new study. Students who have chosen to study medicine, architecture, economy and sociology often come from homes where the parents have 5 higher education, whereas business studies and pharmacy often 6 young people with a working class background. This is 7 by a research team from the University of Copenhagen and Aalborg University in a new study. “There is a 8 between the studies chosen by young Danes and their 9 background. Even for the young people who have very good grades in their A-level exams, and who could successfully 10 admission to a large variety of studies, the parents’ 11 of education and social class play an important role in their choice,” says Education Sociologist Jens Peter Thomsen, who is one of the researchers behind the study. The study “The Educational Strategies of Danish University Students from Professional and Working-Class Backgrounds” is 12 60 interviews with Danish students from six different university level study programmes: Medicine, architecture, sociology, economy, pharmacy and business studies. The young people bring with them the 13 they get from their families. If you grow up in a home with parents who are doctors or architects with a strong professional 14 , it is an obvious choice to follow the 15 path as your parents when you grow up. “For young people whose parents are university educated, 16 such as fame and mastery of expert knowledge are important. They are 17 by an educational culture in which you are a diligent student, and where leisure activities are 18 to the identity that lies within your studies. These young people have also grown up with 19 discussions around the dinner table which also prepare them for their lives as students,” says Jens Peter Thomsen. He also added, “Young people who come from a working class background, and have good grades have to 20 the full range of opportunities they have. But the effort to reach this goal must start early”. 1.A.monitored B.motivated C.motioned D.multiplied 2.A.while B.although C.when D.if 3.A.pursue B.engage C.involve D.conduct 4.A.calculate B.suspect C.conclude D.achieve 5.A.required B.confirmed C.refused D.completed 6.A.subscribes to B.caters to C.sticks to D.appeals to 7.A.inquired B.proved C.extended D.acquired 8.A.connection B.comparison C.difference D.contradiction 9.A.educational B.political C.social D.professional 10.A.balance B.develop C.identify D.seek 11.A.situation B.judgment C.level D.preference 12.A.connected with B.based on C.committed to D.combined with 13.A.resources B.experiences C.finance D.memory 14.A.degree B.identity C.success D.responsibility 15.A.perfect B.usual C.common D.same 16.A.changes B.problems C.factors D.characters17.A.disturbed B.moved C.puzzled D.attracted 18.A.tied B.accustomed C.transferred D.copied 19.A.practical B.topical C.physical D.medical 20.A.take charge of B.take control of C.take advantage of D.take care of 【答案】BAACD DBACD CBABD CDABC 【解析】 这是一篇说明文。文章介绍哥本哈根大学的一项新的调查结果：虽然丹麦的教育是平等 的，但是对于如何选择学业，年轻人还是受到父母的教育水平和社会地位影响。 1.考查动词词义辨析。句意：来自工薪阶层背景的年轻人，在选择从事哪些学业时，会受到 具有明确工作背景和高收入的研究的激励。A. monitored 监控；B. motivated 激发；C. motioned 打手势，向某人点头或摇头示意；D. multiplied 成倍增加，繁殖。根据上文的 their choice of studies is still influenced by social class(他们的学业选择仍然受到社会阶层的影响)可知，此处 进一步解释，表示来自工人阶级家庭的学生受到具有明确工作背景和高收入的研究的激励。 motivated 意为“激发”，符合语境，故选 B。 2.考查连词词义辨析。句意：然而，在选择学习哪个专业的时候，声誉和牢固的地位对有着 大学学位的父母的年轻人来说更感兴趣。A. while 然而；B. although 虽然；C. when 当…时 候；D. if 如果。根据上文的 Young people from working class backgrounds(来自工薪阶层背景 的年轻人)及下文的 young people of parents with university degrees(有着大学学位的父母的年 轻人)可知这里是两种家庭背景的孩子作比较，表示转折。故选 A。 3.考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，在选择学习哪个专业的时候，声誉和牢固的地位对有着 大学学位的父母的年轻人来说更感兴趣。A. pursue 追求，继续；进行；B. engage 从事，使 从事（某种事业等），吸引或引起；C. involve 涉及；D. conduct 实施，指挥。根据上文 when choosing which studies to(在选择哪个学业的时候)可知此处选择 pursue(追求)符合语境。故选 A。 4.考查动词词义辨析。句意：这是哥本哈根大学的研究人员在一项新的研究中得出的结论。A. calculate 计算；B. suspect 怀疑；C. conclude 总结；D. achieve 达到。根据空前的 This is what researchers from the University of Copenhagen(这是哥本哈根大学的研究人员)及下文 in a new study(在一项新的研究中)可知此处表示“研究人员得出结论”，conclude 意为“总结”，符合语 境，故选 C。 5.考查动词词义辨析。句意：选择医学，建筑，经济，社会学的孩子的父母是完成的高等教 育的。A. required 要求；B. confirmed 证实；C. refused 拒绝；D. completed 完成。根据下文 的 whereas business studies and pharmacy often ___6___ young people with a working class background(然而商业的学习经常吸引来自工人阶级的家庭的学生。)可知此处表示选择医学， 建筑，经济，社会学的孩子的父母是“完成了”高等教育的。completed 意为“完成”，符合语 境，故选 D。 6.考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：然而商业的学习经常吸引来自工人阶级的家庭的学生。A. subscribes to 同意，订阅；B. caters to 喜欢；C. sticks to 坚持；D. appeals to 吸引。根据上文 Students who have chosen to study medicine, architecture, economy and sociology often come from homes where the parents have ____5____higher education, whereas(选择医学，建筑，经济， 社会学的孩子的父母是完成的高等教育的。然而)可知此句表示与上文相反，即商业的学习 经常“吸引”来自工人阶级的家庭的学生。appeals to 意为“吸引”，符合语境，故选 D。 7.考查动词词义辨析。句意：这被 Copenhagen 和 Aalborg 大学的研究团队在一项新的研究中 证实了。A. inquired 询问；B. proved 证明；C. extended 延伸；D. acquired 获得。根据下文 by a research team from the University of Copenhagen and Aalborg University in a new study(这被 Copenhagen 和 Aalborg 大学的研究团队在一项新的研究中)可知此处表达的是被该项研究所 证实（prove），故选 B。 8.考查名词词义辨析。句意：在年轻的丹麦人中选择的学业和社会背景之间有着联系。A. connection 联系；B. comparison 对比；C. difference 不同；D. contradiction 矛盾，否认，反驳。 根 据 下 文 the parents’ ___11___of education and social class play an important role in their choice(父母的教育水平和社会地位在他们的选择中起着重要的作用。)可知此处表达年轻的 丹麦人中选择的学业和社会背景之间有着“联系（connection）”，故选 A。 9.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在年轻的丹麦人中选择的学业和社会背景之间有着联系。A. educational 教育的；B. political 政治的；C. social 社会的；D. professional 专业的。根据第一 段的 Even though Danish students have equal access to education, their choice of studies is still influenced by social class.(尽管丹麦学生有平等的受教育机会，但他们的学业选择仍然受到社 会阶层的影响。)可知此处用 social background 表示“社会背景”。故选 C。 10.考查动词词义辨析。句意：甚至对一些在 A 水平测试中获得很好的成绩的学生，他们可 以成功地获得各种学业的录取。A. balance 平衡；B. develop 发展；C. identify 识别；D. seek 寻求。和上文 who have very good grades in their A-level exams(在 A 水平测试中获得很好的成 绩)相呼应，successfully seek admission to a large variety of studies 意为“成功地获得各种学业 的录取”，seek 符合语境，故选 D。 11.考查名词词义辨析。句意：父母的教育水平和社会地位在他们的选择中起着重要的作用。 A. situation 形势；B. judgment 判断；C. level 水平；D. preference 偏爱。level of education 意 为“教育水平”，和空后的 social class(社会地位)并列，level 符合语境，故选 C。 12.考查动词词义辨析。句意：这项研究是以对 60 个丹麦学生做的采访得出的。A. connected with 和…有联系；B. based on 基于；C. committed to 承诺；D. combined with 和…结合。根 据空前的 The study…is 及空后的 60 interviews with Danish students(对 60 个丹麦学生做的采 访)可知这项研究是基于这些采访的，be based on 意为“基于”，符合语境，故选 B。 13.考查名词词义辨析。句意：这些年轻人具备他们家庭的资源。A. resources 资源；B. experiences 经历；C. finance 财政；D. memory 记忆。根据下文 If you grow up in a home with parents who are doctors or architects with a strong professional ___14___, it is an obvious choice to follow the ___15___path as your parents when you grow up.(当你出生在一个父母有着牢固 的专业身份的家庭，当你长大的时候，选择和父母相同的道路是很明显的选择。)可知此处 表示年轻人具备他们家庭的“资源（resources）”，故选 A。 14.考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果你在这样一个家庭中长大，父母都是医生或建筑师，有 很强的职业身份。A. degree 学位；B. identity 身份；C. success 成功；D. responsibility 责任。 根据上文 who are doctors or architects with a strong professional(医生或建筑师，有很强的职业 的)及常识可知，医生或建筑师这样的职业身份，identity 意为“身份”，符合语境，故选 B。 15.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当你长大的时候，选择和父母相同的道路是很明显的选择。A. perfect 完美的；B. usual 不寻常的；C. common 普通的，常见的；D. same 同样的。the same as 意为“与…一样”，是固定搭配，此处用 follow the same path as your parents 表示“选择和父 母相同的道路”，故选 D。 16.考查名词词义辨析。句意：对于父母受过大学教育的年轻人来说，名声和掌握专业知识 的因素是很重要的。A. changes 改变；B. problems 问题；C. factors 因素；D. characters 性格。 根据空后的 such as fame and mastery of expert knowledge(比如名声和掌握专业知识)可知空后 列举的是因素（factors），故选 C。 17.考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们被你是个聪明的学生的教育文化吸引。A. disturbed 打扰； B. moved 感动；C. puzzled 困惑；D. attracted 吸引。根据空后的 by an educational culture in which you are a diligent student(被你是个聪明的学生的教育文化)可知此处表示被其所吸引， be attracted by 意为“被……所吸引”，符合语境，故选 D。 18.考查动词词义辨析。句意：休闲活动与你学习中的身份联系在一起。A. tied 拴住，系紧； B. accustomed 习惯；C. transferred 转移；D. copied 复制。根据空前的 leisure activities are(休 闲活动)及空后的 the identity that lies within your studies(你学习中的身份)可知此处表示两者 是联系在一起的，be tied to“和…联系在一起”，符合语境，故选 A。 19.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他们随着在餐桌上谈论的有关时事的话题一起成长。A. practical 实用的；B. topical 关时事的，时下关注的；C. physical 身体的，物理的；D. medical 医学的。根据上文 For young people whose parents are university educated(对于父母受过大学 教育的年轻人来说)及根据空后的 which also prepare them for their lives as students(这也为他 们的学生生活做好了准备。)可知受过高等教育的父母会在餐桌上谈论“有关时事的（topical）” 话题，故选 B。 20.考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：学习好的来自工人阶层学生不得不利用他们各种机会。 A. take charge of 负责；B. take control of 控制；C. take advantage of 利用；D. take care of 照顾。 根据空后的 the full range of opportunities(各种机会)可知此处表示“利用”各种机会，take advantage of opportunities 意为“利用机会”。故选 C。 2The residents of Ashwaubenon, Wisconsin are no strangers to wild turkeys. However, Smoke, a turkey that has been living in the town since spring this year, is 21 . The bird runs after 22 vehicles, and “controls” 23 flow by parking himself in the middle of the road. He is also known to boldly 24 residents and shout at them, as though saying 25 to them. Though the bird can be somewhat annoying at times, the 26 have grown to love their resident wild turkey. Those who commonly kept to themselves are forming 27 after Smoke’s arrival, using the new common pet as an ice breaker to start a 28 . To show their 29 , the residents recently named Smoke the town’s honorary mayor, and 30 a Facebook page “Smoke Turkey-Mayor of Ashwaubenon” to 31 the growing fans to keep up with the bird’s antics(滑稽动作). Randy Tews is well aware of Smoke’s 32 . He says, “I think some residents will be 33 to see him go. He’s brought so many smiles to people’s faces here. And this turkey is 34 traffic for people on their way to work, and it gives them something to cheer about.” However, people are 35 that Smoke’s rising popularity will result in road accidents as distracted drivers try to take a 36 or two. There is also the danger of a traffic jam caused by drivers 37 stepping on their brakes to avoid hitting the bird, which regularly 38 around on busy roads. Despite months of trying, all 39 to catch and take Smoke to a nearby wildlife rescue station have proved 40 . The turkey seems to love the residents, unwilling to leave the town. 21.A.common B.smart C.wild D.unique 22.A.flying B.moving C.resting D.working 23.A.information B.water C.traffic D.air 24.A.approach B.escape C.attack D.scare 25.A.sorry B.hello C.yes D.no26.A.fans B.birds C.locals D.cleaners 27.A.classes B.visions C.bonds D.shapes 28.A.conversation B.project C.business D.club 29.A.attitude B.view C.affection D.talent 30.A.gave up B.made up C.put up D.set up 31.A.force B.allow C.require D.beg 32.A.reality B.possibility C.ability D.popularity 33.A.sad B.delighted C.annoyed D.excited 34.A.monitoring B.directing C.changing D.recording 35.A.afraid B.proud C.sorry D.sure 36.A.rest B.photo C.step D.turn 37.A.gently B.heavily C.specially D.suddenly 38.A.jumps B.jogs C.wanders D.lies 39.A.attempts B.struggles C.challenges D.tricks 40.A.unfair B.unusual C.uneasy D.unsuccessful 【答案】DBCAB CCACD BDABA BDCAD 【解析】 这是一篇说明文。主要介绍 Ashwaubenon 的一个不速之客——野火鸡 Smoke，以及它 受到到当地人们喜爱的故事。 21.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，Smoke，这只从今年春天起就住在镇上的火鸡，却是 独一无二的。A. common 普通的；B. smart 聪明的；C. wild 野生的；D. unique 独特的。结合 后文描述 Smoke 追逐移动的汽车，将自己停在路中间的行为，可知 Smoke 是一只很独特的火鸡。故选 D。 22.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这只鸟会跟在移动的车辆后面跑，它会把自己停在路中间 来“控制”交通流量。A. flying 能飞的；B. moving 移动的；C. resting 静止的；D. working 有 工作的。结合上文 The bird runs after 可推知 Smoke 会追逐移动中的汽车，故选 B。 23.考查名词词义辨析。句意：这只鸟会跟在移动的车辆后面跑，它会把自己停在路中间来“控 制”交通流量。A. information 信息；B. water 水；C. traffic 交通；D. air 空气。根据后文 flow by parking himself in the middle of the road.可知 Smoke 停在路中间，好像在“控制”交通流量。 故选 C。 24.考查动词词义辨析。句意：他还以大胆地接近居民并对他们大喊大叫而闻名，就像对他 们说“你好”一样。A. approach 接近；B. escape 逃跑；C. attack 攻击；D. scare 使害怕。根据 后文 residents and shout at them 可知 Smoke 会大胆地接近居民并对他们大喊大叫。故选 A。 25.考查交际用语。句意：他还以大胆地接近居民并对他们大喊大叫而闻名，就像对他们说“你 好”一样。A. sorry 抱歉；B. hello 你好；C. yes 是；D. no 不。承接上文 residents and shout at them, as though saying 可知 Smoke 会大胆地接近居民并对他们大喊大叫，就像在跟居民们说 “你好”打招呼一样。故选 B。 26.考查名词词义辨析。句意：虽然这只鸟有时会让人有些讨厌，但当地人已经开始喜欢他 们的野火鸡居民了。A. fans 狂热者；B. birds 鸟类；C. locals 当地人；D. cleaners 清洁工。结 合后文 have grown to love their resident 可知此处指当地人（locals）已经开始喜欢他们的野火 鸟居民了。故选 C。 27.考查名词词义辨析。句意：那些通常不与人交往的人在 Smoke 到来后结成了友谊，用这 只新的“共同宠物”作为打破僵局开始对话的开场白。A. classes 课程；B. visions 梦幻；C. bonds 结合；D. shapes 形状。结合后文 using the new common pet as an ice breaker 可知 Smoke 帮助 当地人那些不常与人交往的人打破了僵局，结成了友谊。故选 C。 28.考查名词词义辨析。句意：那些通常不与人交往的人在 Smoke 到来后结成了“友谊”，用 这只新的“共同宠物”作为打破僵局开始对话的开场白。A. conversation 对话；B. project 计划； C. business 生意；D. club 俱乐部。结合上文 using the new common pet as an ice breaker 可知当地不与人交往的人用 Smoke 作为打破僵局开始对话的开场白。故选 A。 29.考查名词词义辨析。句意：为了表达他们的喜爱，居民们最近任命 Smoke 为名誉市长， 并在 Facebook 上建立了一个“火鸡 Smoke——Ashwaubenon 市长”的页面，让越来越多的 Smoke 粉丝们了解这只鸟的滑稽动作。A. attitude 态度；B. view 观察；C. affection 喜爱；D. talent 才能。根据第二段中 have grown to love their resident wild turkey.可知当地人都喜爱 Smoke，为了表达他们的喜爱，居民们最近任命 Smoke 为名誉市长。故选 C。 30.考查动词短语辨析。句意：为了表达他们的喜爱，居民们最近任命了 Smoke 的名誉市长， 并在 Facebook 上建立了一个“火鸡 Smoke——Ashwaubenon 市长”的页面，让越来越多的 Smoke 粉丝们了解这只鸟的滑稽动作。A. gave up 放弃；B. made up 编造；C. put up 提供； D. set up 建立。结合后文 a Facebook page “Smoke Turkey-Mayor of Ashwaubenon” to 可知居 民们为 Smoke 建立了（set up）网页。故选 D。 31.考查动词词义辨析。句意：为了表达他们的喜爱，居民们最近任命了 Smoke 的名誉市长， 并在 Facebook 上建立了一个“火鸡 Smoke——Ashwaubenon 市长”的页面，让越来越多的 Smoke 粉丝们了解这只鸟的滑稽动作。A. force 迫使；B. allow 允许；C. require 要求；D. beg 恳求。结合后文 the growing fans to keep up with the bird’s antics.可知建立网页是为了让更多 喜欢 Smoke 的人了解它，短语 allow sb. to do sth.表示“允许某人做某事”。故选 B。 32.考查名词词义辨析。句意：Randy Tews 很清楚 Smoke 受人欢迎。A. reality 现实；B. possibility 可能性；C. ability 能力；D. popularity 受欢迎。结合后文 that Smoke’s rising popularity 可知此处指 Randy Tews 很清楚 Smoke 受人欢迎。故选 D。 33.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我认为一些居民会对他的离去感到难过。A. sad 悲伤的； B. delighted 高兴的；C. annoyed 恼怒的；D. excited 激动的。结合上文内容可知当地人都很 喜欢火鸡 Smoke，因此肯定会对他的离去感到悲伤难过才对。故选 A。 34.考查动词词义辨析。句意：这只火鸡在人们上班的路上指挥交通，这让他们有了一些值 得高兴的事情。A. monitoring 监视；B. directing 指挥，指导；C. changing 改变；D. recording 记录。结合第一段中 and “controls” … flow by parking himself in the middle of the road.可知火 鸡 Smoke 站在路中间，好像在指挥交通。故选 B。35.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，人们担心，Smoke 越来越受欢迎会导致交通事故， 因为分心的司机会试图拍一两张照片。A. afraid 担心的，害怕的；B. proud 自豪的；C. sorry 抱歉的；D. sure 确信的。根据后文 that Smoke’s rising popularity will result in road accidents 可知人们担心，Smoke 越来越受欢迎会导致交通事故。故选 A。 36.考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，人们担心，Smoke 越来越受欢迎会导致交通事故，因 为分心的司机会试图拍一两张照片。A. rest 休息；B. photo 照片；C. step 台阶；D. turn 转弯。 上文提到了 Smoke 很受欢迎，那么慕名而来的司机肯定会为给 Smoke 拍照而分心，从而导 致交通事故。短语 take a photo 表示“拍照”。故选 B。 37.考查副词词义辨析。句意：此外，驾驶员突然踩下刹车以避免撞到这只经常在繁忙的道 路上游荡的鸟，这也有可能导致交通堵塞。A. gently 温柔地；B. heavily 沉重地；C. specially 特别地；D. suddenly 突然。结合后文 stepping on their brakes to avoid hitting the bird 司机突然 （suddenly）踩下刹车以避免撞到这只经常在繁忙的道路上游荡的鸟，也可能导致交通堵塞。 其他选项不符合语境。故选 D。 38.考查动词词义辨析。句意：此外，驾驶员突然踩下刹车以避免撞到这只经常在繁忙的道 路上游荡的鸟，这也有可能导致交通堵塞。A. jumps 跳跃；B. jogs 慢跑；C. wanders 游荡， 徘徊；D. lies 躺下。根据第一段中 by parking himself in the middle of the road 可知 Smoke 经 常在路中间徘徊游荡。故选 C。 39.考查名词词义辨析。句意：尽管经过了几个月的尝试，所有试图抓住并将 Smoke 带到附 近的野生动物救助站的尝试都被证明是不成功的。A. attempts 尝试，企图；B. struggles 挣扎； C. challenges 挑战；D. tricks 诡计。结合上文提到的 Smoke 在路上可能导致安全事故，以及 后文 to catch and take Smoke to a nearby wildlife rescue station 可知人们为了抓住并将 Smoke 带到附近的野生动物救助站进行了各种尝试。故选 A。 40.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：尽管经过了几个月的尝试，所有试图抓住并将 Smoke 带到 附近的野生动物救助站的尝试都被证明是不成功的。A. unfair 不公平的；B. unusual 不寻常 的；C. uneasy 不舒服的；D. unsuccessful 不成功的。结合后文 The turkey seems to love the residents, unwilling to leave the town.可知 Smoke 不似乎不愿意离开这个镇子，可推知人们想 抓住它，并带去附近的野生动物救助站的尝试都没有成功。故选 D。3 What were you like as a teenager? I was a 41 . I was rude to my parents, always stayed out late, never did my homework, hung out with the wrong people and made many 42 decisions. Apparently, this is the age when teenagers are out of control and 43 badly. If you're a teenager now, you think this is 44 criticism or it's not your fault. Well, you might be 45 ! Experts have found that it's a teenager's brain that is to 46 . Between the ages of 47 13 to 19 the brain is still developing in areas that 48 behaviour. This has an/a 49 on learning and multitasking, stress and memory, sleep, addiction, and decision-making. This is quite a new 50 , according to Professor Sarah, ''when I was at university, the dogma (教条) in the text books was that the vast brain 51 goes on in the first few years of life and nothing much 52 after mid-childhood. That dogma is completely 53 .'' So our brains are still developing much later than was originally thought. Is this the perfect excuse for teenagers to 54 and not get their homework done on time? It's something to do with our prefrontal cortex (前额皮层). It's involved in many high-level cognitive (认知的) 55 such as decision making and planning. This region is undergoing large amounts of development during the adolescent years. For an/a 56 , this hasn't developed yet. So getting organized to do their homework, for example, can be a bit 57 . I wish I'd known about this because instead of telling my 58 I'd left my homework on the bus or that the dog had 59 it. Now I could say, ''Sorry sir, my 60 isn't developed enough for the cognitive task of planning my homework''. 41.A.prince B.nightmare C.fool D.joke 42.A.real B.wise C.bad D.good 43.A.dress B.talk C.react D.behave 44.A.unfair B.practical C.fun D.reasonable 45.A.dull B.right C.wrong D.precise46.A.praise B.blame C.wake D.call 47.A.appropriately B.alternatively C.frequently D.approximately 48.A.control B.use C.express D.play 49.A.touch B.impact C.role D.advantage 50.A.way B.invention C.discovery D.job 51.A.exploration B.experiment C.progress D.development 52.A.changes B.stays C.remains D.leaves 53.A.true B.unknown C.false D.satisfying 54.A.get over B.hang around C.look around D.take off 55.A.interests B.results C.drawbacks D.tasks 56.A.adult B.scientist C.teenager D.baby 57.A.exhausting B.simple C.challenging D.late 58.A.boss B.teacher C.trainer D.colleague 59.A.eaten B.seen C.passed D.recognized 60.A.knowledge B.body C.identity D.brain 【答案】BCDAB BDABC DACBD CCBAD 【解析】 这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项关于青少年大脑的新发现，这一发现可以用来解释青 少年一些行为的成因。 41.考查名词词义辨析。句意：我是一个噩梦。A. prince 王子；B. nightmare 噩梦；C. fool 傻 瓜；D. joke 笑话。根据下文的 I was rude to my parents, always stayed out late, never did my homework 可知作者不是一个好学生，故此处用“噩梦”符合语境，故选 B 项。42.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我对父母很粗鲁，经常在外面呆到很晚，从不做家庭作业， 和不好的人在外面瞎混，做出很多糟糕的决定。A. real 针对；B. wise 明智的；C. bad 糟糕 的；D. good 好的。根据前文的 hung out with the wrong people 可知此处用“糟糕的决定”符合 语境，bad 和 wrong 是同义词复现，故选 C 项。 43.考查动词词义辨析。句意：很明显，这是一个青少年控制不住自己和行为举止糟糕的年 龄。A. dress 给某人穿；B. talk 谈话；C. react 反应；D. behave 行为，举止。结合上文内 容可知，前面讲述的都是作何的行为，且下文的 that... behaviour 也有暗示，behave 和 behavior 是同义词复现，故选 D 项。 44.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：如果你现在是一个青少年，你会认为这是不公平的评价， 或者这不是你的错。A. unfair 不公平的；B. practical 实际的；C. fun 有趣的；D. reasonable 合理的。根据下文的 it’s not your fault 可知此处用“不公平的评价”符合语境，故选 A 项。 45.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：你可能是正确的。A. dull 无聊的；B. right 正确的；C. wrong 错误的；D. precise 准确的。根据第二段和第三段的分析得知青少年的行为举止和大脑发育 由关系，故用此处用“你可能是正确的”符合语境，故选 B 项。 46.考查动词词义辨析。句意：专家们已经发现青少年的大脑要对这种情况负责。A. praise 表扬；B. blame 负责，责备；C. wake 醒来；D. call 打电话。结合句意可知，此处考查短语 be to blame“负责”，故选 B 项。 47.考查副词词义辨析。句意：大约从 13 到 19 岁大脑控制行为的区域仍然在发展。A. appropriately 合适地；B. alternatively 或者；C. frequently 频繁地；D. approximately 大约。结 合句意可知，此处是大概的数据，故选 D 项。 48.考查动词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. control 控制；B. use 使用；C. express 表达；D. play 玩耍。结合句意可知，此处是指控制行为的大脑区域，故选 A 项。 49.考查名词词义辨析。句意：这对学习、多任务处理、压力和记忆、睡眠、爱好和做决定 有影响。A. touch 触摸；B. impact 影响；C. role 角色；D. advantage 优势。结合上下文可知， 此处是指，这些区域会影响青少年的很多方面，故选 B 项。 50.考查名词词义辨析。句意：据 Sarah 教授说，这是一个非常新的发现。A. way 方法；B. invention 发明；C. discovery 发现；D. job 工作。根据上文的 Experts have found that it's a teenager's brain that is to....可知此处用“发现”符合语境，故选 C 项。 51.考查名词词义辨析。句意：当我读大学时，书本上说大脑的巨大发展发生在生命的头几 年，在童年中期过后就没有多大改变了。A. exploration 探索；B. experiment 实验；C. progress 进步；D. development 发展。根据前文的 Between the ages of ...13 to 19 the brain is still developing in areas 可知此处用“发展”符合语境，develop 是原词复现，故选 D 项。 52.考查动词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. changes 改变；B. stays 待，保持；C. remains 保 持；D. leaves 离开。结合上下文可知，此处是指人的大脑在童年中期后就不会有多大改变了， 故选 A 项。 53.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：那个教条完全错了。A. true 真的；B. unknown 不知道的； C. false 错的；D. satisfying 满意的。根据下文的 So our brains are still developing much later than was originally thought.可知以前的说法是错误的，故选 C 项。 54.考查动词短语辨析。句意：这真的是青少年在外闲逛，不按时完成家庭作业的最佳借口 吗？A. get over 克服；B. hang around 闲逛；C. look around 环视；D. take off 脱下。根据 上文的 hung out with the wrong people 可知此处用“闲逛”符合语境，hang out 是原词复现，故 选 B 项。 55.考查名词词义辨析。句意：这涉及到很多高水平的认知任务，例如决策和计划。A. interests 兴趣；B. results 结果；C. drawbacks 缺点；D. tasks 任务。根据下文的 for the cognitive task of planning my homework 可知此处用“任务”符合语境，task 是原词复现，故选 D 项。 56.考查名词词义辨析。句意：对于一个青少年来说，这还没有发展。A. adult 成人；B. scientist 科学家；C. teenager 青少年；D. baby 婴儿。根据下文的 This region is undergoing large amounts of development during the adolescent years.可知此处用“青少年”符合语境，teenager 和 adolescent 是同义词复现，故选 C 项。 57.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：例如，非常有组织计划地来完成家庭作业是有挑战的。A. exhausting 令人劳累的；B. simple 简单的；C. challenging 挑战的；D. late 迟的。根据前文的 this hasn’t developed yet.推测青少年有组织计划地完成作业是有挑战的，故选 C 项。58.考查名词词义辨析。句意：我希望早点知道这些关于大脑的研究发现，因为就不用编造 借口告诉老师作业留在了公车上或者被狗吃掉了。A. boss 老板；B. teacher 老师；C. trainer 教练；D. colleague 同事。根据 my homework 可判断此处用“老师”符合语境，故选 B 项。 59.考查动词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. eaten 吃；B. seen 看见；C. passed 传递；D. recognized 认出。结合句意可知，此处是指编谎话说家庭作业被狗吃了，故选 A 项。 60.考查名词词义辨析。句意：对不起，老师。我的大脑还没有发展到足以让我能够完成安 排家庭作业的认知任务。A. knowledge 知识；B. body 身体；C. identity 身份；D. brain 大 脑。全文讲的就是大脑的发育在青少年时期还在进行，没有完成，故选 D 项。 4 There are many theories about the beginning of drama in ancient Greece. The one most widely accepted today is based on the 61 that drama evolved from ritual( 宗教仪式). The argument for this view goes as follows. In the beginning, human beings 62 the natural forces of the world -even the seasonal changes-as unpredictable, and they sought through various means to 63 these unknown and feared powers. Those measures which appeared to 64 the desired results were then kept and repeated until they changed into 65 rituals. 66 stories arose which explained or masked the mysteries of the rituals. As times passed, some rituals were 67 , but the stories, later called myths, continued to exist and provided material for art and drama. Those who believed that drama evolved out of ritual also argue that those rituals contained the 68 of theatre because music, dance, masks, and 69 were almost always used. 70 , a suitable site had to be provided for performances and 71 the entire community did not participate, a(n) 72 division was usually made between the “area of acting” and the “area in which an audience sits”. Besides, there were performers, and, since considerable importance was 73 to avoiding mistakes in the practice of rituals, religious leaders usually 74 that task. Wearing masks and costumes, they often imitated (模仿) other people, animals, or supernatural beings, and mimed (用哑剧表演出) the 75 effect―success in hunt or battle, the coming rain, the revival of the Sun- 76 an actor might. Eventually such dramatic representatives were separated from 77 activities. Another theory traces the theater’s origin from the human interest in 78 . According to this view, tales about the hunt, war or other things are told and gradually spread. 79 through the use of action and dialogue by a narrator and then through the assumption of each of the roles by a different person. A closely related theory traces theater to those dances that are primarily gymnastic or that are 80 of animal movements and sounds. 61.A.background B.assumption C.evidence D.theory 62.A.viewed B.employed C.clarified D.dismissed 63.A.take B.possess C.guarantee D.control 64.A.start B.show C.bring D.continue 65.A.usual B.direct C.convincing D.fixed 66.A.Apparently B.Actually C.Eventually D.Naturally 67.A.spread B.abandoned C.followed D.celebrated 68.A.seed B.content C.myth D.history 69.A.costumes B.routines C.instructions D.performances 70.A.As a result B.In fact C.On the contrary D.In addition 71.A.when B.how C.unless D.while 72.A.deep B.equal C.clear D.extra 73.A.attached B.related C.committed D.tied 74.A.put up B.took up C.took on D.put on 75.A.unexpected B.unpredicted C.prepared D.desired 76.A.whenever B.as C.whatever D.so77.A.social B.political C.economic D.religious 78.A.accounts B.story-telling C.descriptions D.drama-writing 79.A.at that time B.at a time C.at first D.at once 80.A.imitations B.creatures C.presentations D.exhibitions 【答案】BADCD CBAAD ACACD BDBCA 【解析】 本文是说明文。关于古希腊戏剧的起源存在着多种理论，本文主要介绍了其中一种理论 假设：戏剧是从宗教仪式演化而来的，并顺带提到另外两种理论假设。 61.考查名词词义辨析。句意：今天最为广泛接受的一个理论是基于戏剧是从宗教仪式演化 而来的假设。A. background 背景；B. assumption 假定；假设；C. evidence 证据；D. theory 理论。根据后文“that drama evolved from ritual”可知这个理论认为戏剧是从宗教仪式演化而 来的，这只是一种假设，故选 B 项。 62.考查动词词义辨析。句意：一开始，人类把世界上的自然力量，甚至季节的变化都看作 是不可预测的。A. viewed 看待；B. employed 雇佣； C. clarified 澄清；D. dismissed 解散；解雇。根据后文“ as unpredictable”可知人类巴把这些都看作是不可预测的，view…as 是固定搭配，意为“”把……看作是”符合句意，故选 A 项。 63.考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们试图通过各种方式去控制这些未知的、令人恐惧的力量。 A. take 拿；B. possess 持有；C. guarantee 保证；担保；D. control 控制。根据后文“these unknown and feared powers”可知这些力量是未知的令人恐惧的，所以人类想要通过仪式来控 制它们，选 D 项。 64.考查动词词义辨析。句意：那些似乎带来了想要的结果的措施被保存并被重复（使用）， 直到它们变成了固定的宗教仪式。 A. start 开始； B. show 显示；C. bring 带来；D. continue 继续。根据后文“the desired results”可知有些方法措施带来了人们想要的结果，故选 C 项。 65.考查形容词词义辨析。 句意：那些似乎带来了想要的结果的措施被保存并重复（使用），直到它们变成了固定的仪式。 A. usual 通常的；B. direct 直接的；C. convincing 令人信 服的； D. fixed 固定的。根据前文“were then kept and repeated”可知那些似乎带来了想要的 结果的措施被保存并重复（使用）, 如果一直被重复使用，那么这些措施会被固定下来，变 成固定的仪式，故选 D 项。 66.考查副词词义辨析。句意：最终出现了解释或掩盖这些仪式的神秘的故事。A. Apparently 明显地；B. Actually 事实上；C. Eventually 最终； D. Naturally 自然地；天生地。根 据“stories arose”可知最后出现了一些关于这些仪式的故事，故选 C 项。 67.考查动词词义辨析。句意：随着时间的推移，一些仪式被废弃了，但后来被称为神话的 故事继续存在，并为艺术和戏剧提供了素材。 A. spread 传播；B. abandoned 放弃；遗 弃； C. followed 跟随； D. celebrated 庆祝。根据后文“but the stories, later called myths, continued to exist”可知但后来被称为神话的故事继续存在。根据 But 可知后文与空格处形成 转折对比，说明有些仪式是被放弃了，但关于这些仪式的故事还在，故选 B 项。 68.考查名词词义辨析。句意：那些相信戏剧从宗教仪式演化而来的人还认为那些仪式包含 了戏剧的萌芽，因为音乐、舞蹈、面具和服装几乎经常被使用。A. seed 种子；起源；开 端；B. content 内容；C. myth 神话；D. history 历史。根据后文“because music, dance, masks, and costumes were almost always used”可知这些宗教仪式用到了音乐，舞蹈，面具和 表演服装，所以这些人认为这些仪式是戏剧的萌芽或者说起源，故选 A 项。 69.考查名词词义辨析。句意：那些相信戏剧从宗教仪式演化而来的人还认为那些仪式包含 了戏剧的萌芽，因为音乐、舞蹈、面具和服装几乎总是被使用。A. costumes 表演服装； B. routines 日常路线；C. instructions 说明；D. performances 表演。根据后文“Wearing masks and costumes”可知仪式中人们会穿面具和表演服装，故选 A 项。 70.考查词组辨析。句意：此外，必须为演出提供一个合适的场地。A. As a result 结果；B. In fact 事实上；C. On the contrary 相反地是；D. In addition 此外。根据后文“a suitable site had to be provided for performances”可知必须为演出提供一个合适的场地，与前文“那些相信 戏剧从宗教仪式演化而来的人还认为那些仪式包含了戏剧的萌芽，因为音乐、舞蹈、面具和 服装几乎总是被使用。”之间是递进关系，故选 D 项。 71.考查连词词义辨析。句意：当不是整个社区都参加演出的时候，通常在“演出区”和“观众座位区”之间划分出明显的分界。A. when 当……时候；B. how 怎么；怎样；C. unless 除 非； D. while 虽然；然而；当……时候。当不是整个社区都参加演出的时候，通常在“演 出区”和“观众座位区”之间划分出明显的分界。故选 A 项。 72.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当不是整个社区都参加演出的时候，通常在“演出区”和“观 众座位区”之间划分出明显的分界。 A. deep 深的；B. equal 平等的；C. clear 明显的； D. extra 额外的。根据后文““area of acting” and the “area in which an audience sits””可知有“演 出区”和“观众座位区”，这两个分区差别很大，所以要有一个明显的分界，故选 C 项。 73.考查动词词义辨析。句意：此外，仪式中还有演员，而且由于在仪式的执行中避免错误 是相当重要的，所以通常由宗教领袖承担这个任务。 A. attached 赋予；B. related 涉及； 相关；C. committed 犯罪；自杀；D. tied 扣；系。根据后文“religious leaders usually that task”可知通常由宗教领袖承担这个任务，这说明在仪式的执行中避免错误这件事被赋予了 重要性，并且 importance be attached to 实际由词组（attach importance to。高度重视….）变 化而来符合语境，故选 A 项。 74.考查词组辨析。句意：此外，仪式中还有演员，而且由于在仪式的执行中避免错误是相 当重要的，所以通常由宗教领袖承担这个任务。 A. put up 建造；张贴； B. took up 拿 起；开始；C. took on 从事；承担； D. put on 穿上，戴上。根据前文“onsiderable importance was attached to avoiding mistakes in the practice of rituals”可知在仪式中避免错误的发生被 认为是相当重要的，所以通常由宗教领袖承担这个任务，故选 C 项。 75.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他们常常戴着面具，穿着戏服，像演员一样模仿其他人、 动物或超自然生灵，并用哑剧表演出想要的结果——打猎或战斗的胜利、即将来临的雨、太 阳的复活。 A. unexpected 出乎意料的；B. unpredicted 不可预测的； C. prepared 准备 好的；D. desired 渴望的。根据后文“success in hunt or battle, the coming rain, the revival of the Sun-”可知仪式中表演出来的效果有打猎或战斗的胜利、即将来临的雨、太阳的复活，胜利， 雨和阳光都是人类所渴望的想要的，故选 D 项。 76.考查连词词义辨析。句意：他们常常戴着面具，穿着戏服，像演员一样模仿其他人、动 物或超自然生灵，并用哑剧表演出想要的结果——打猎或战斗的胜利、即将来临的雨、太阳 的复活。 A. whenever 不管什么时候；B. as 像……一样；C. whatever 无论什么；D. so 所以。根据前文“Wearing masks and costumes, they often imitated other people, animals, or supernatural beings, and mimed the desired effect”可知他们常常戴着面具，穿着戏服，模仿其 他人、动物或超自然生灵，并用哑剧表演出想要的结果。演员也会戴面具穿戏服并表演，所 以这些人执行仪式时就像演员一样，故选 B 项。 77.考查形容词词义辨析。 句意：最终，这些戏剧性的表演从宗教活动中脱离出来。 A. social 社交的；B. political 政治上的；C. economic 经济的；D. religious 宗教的；信教 的。这些戏剧性的表演实际都是宗教仪式，故选 D 项。 78.考查名词词义辨析。句意：另一种理论认为戏剧的起源源于人们对讲故事的兴趣。 A. accounts 账目；账单；B. story-telling 讲故事；说书；C. descriptions 描述；D. drama-writing 戏剧创作。根据后文“According to this view, tales about the hunt, war or other things are told and gradually spread.”可知根据这个理论，故事（关于狩猎，战争和其他）是先被讲述并逐渐被 传播，也就是该理论认为戏剧的起源跟人们对讲故事的兴趣有关。故选 B 项。 79.考查词组辨析。句意：首先，通过一个讲解人来模仿、表演和对话，然后再由不同的人 扮演各自的角色。 A. at that time 那时；B. at a time 每次；一次；C. at first 首先；D. at once 立刻；马上。根据“then”可知这里是关于顺序问题的，故选 C 项。 80.考查名词词义辨析。句意：另一个与之紧密相连的理论将戏剧的起源追溯至舞蹈，这些 舞蹈大体上是体操式的那一类，或者是对动物动作和声音的模仿。 A. imitations 仿制；仿 品；B. creatures 生物；C. presentations 陈述；D. exhibitions 展览。根据后文“of animal movements and sounds.”可知这些舞蹈是对动物动作和声音的模仿，故选 A 项。 完形填空 5 Washoe is a young chimpanzee. She is no ____1____ chimpanzee, though. Scientists are doing a research ____2____ her. They want to see how civilized ( 驯 化 ) she can _____3___. Already she does many things a human being can do. For example, she has been learning how to exchange __4______ with people. The scientists are teaching her ___5_____ language. When she wants to be picked ___6_____, Washoe points up with one finger. She rubs her teeth with her finger ___7_____ she wants to brush her teeth. This is done after every meal. Washoe has also been __8______ to think out and find answers to problems. Once she was put in a ___9_____ with food hanging from the ceiling. It was too high to ___10_____. After she considered the ____11____, she got a tall box to stand ___12_____. The food was still too high to be reached. Washoe found a ____13____ pole. Then she climbed onto the _____14___, grasped the pole, and _____15___ down the food with the pole. Washoe_____16___ like a human, too. The scientists keep her in a fully furnished house. After a hard ___17_____ in the laboratory, she goes home. ___18_____ she plays with her toys. She ___19_____ enjoys watching television before going to bed. Scientists hope to____20____ more about people by studying our closest relative — chimpanzee. 81.A.foolish B.ordinary C.special D.simple 82.A.for B.by C.to D.on 83.A.experience B.change C.develop D.become 84.A.actions B.views C.messages D.feelings 85.A.sign B.human C.spoken D.foreign 86.A.out B.at C.on D.up 87.A.when B.until C.since D.while 88.A.raised B.trained C.ordered D.led 89.A.cave B.zoo C.room D.museum 90.A.pull B.see C.eat D.reach 91.A.problem B.position C.food D.ceiling 92.A.by B.on C.up D.with93.A.straight B.strong C.long D.big 94.A.wall B.box C.ceiling D.pole 95.A.knocked B.picked C.took D.shook 96.A.lives B.acts C.thinks D.plays 97.A.task B.lesson C.day D.time 98.A.Here B.There C.So D.Then 99.A.quite B.already C.even D.still 100.A.observe B.discover C.gain D.learn 【答案】BDDCA DABCD ABCBA ACBCD 【解析】 这是一篇说明文。Washoe 不是普通的黑猩猩，科学家们通过教给她手势语和训练她怎 样思考和解决问题，科学家们希望通过对这个人类最近的近亲-猩猩的研究而能够对人类了 解得更多。 81.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但她并不是一只普通的猩猩。A. foolish 愚蠢的；B. ordinary 普通的；C. special 特别的；D. simple 简单的。根据下文“Scientists are doing a research ...her. They want to see how civilized (驯化) she can...”可知，她并不是一只普通的猩猩。故选 B。 82.考查介词词义辨析。句意：科学家们在她身上做了研究。A. for 为了；B. by 通过； C. to 到；D. on 在……上。此处指科学家们正在她身上做研究，在她身上做研究用 on，故选 D。 83.考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们想看看瓦苏所能达到的文明程度到哪个级别。A. experience 经历；B. change 改变；C. develop 发展；D. become 成为。科学家们想看看通过驯化她能变 成怎样，故选 D。 84.考查名词词义辨析。句意：例如，她一直在学习怎么样可以通过信息和人类进行交流。。 A. actions 行动；B. views 观点；C. messages 信息；D. feelings 感觉。根据“she does many things a human being can do.”可知，她一直在学习怎么样可以通过信息和人类进行交流，选 C。 85.考查名词词义辨析。句意：例如，她一直在学习怎么样可以通过信息和人类进行交流。 A. sign 手势；B. human 人类；C. spoken 口语的；D. foreign 外国的。根据“Washoe points up with one finger”可知，科学家们已经教给了她手势语，sign language“手势语”，故选 A。 86.考查介词词义辨析。句意：当她想被抱起来的时候，瓦苏会竖起自己的一个手指头。A. out 在外；B. at 朝；C. on 在……上； D.up 向上。pick up“拾起来，捡起”，此处指被抱起来， 故选 D。 87.考查连词词义辨析。句意：当她想刷牙的时候，她会用一根手指头摩擦自己的牙齿。A. when 当…时；B. until 直到；C. since 由于，既然；D. while 然而，当…时。表示“当…… 时”，句中是非延续性动词 wants，故不用 while，选 A。 88.考查动词词义辨析。句意：瓦苏还被训练去思考问题并解决问题。A. raised 举起，抬高； B. trained 训练；C. ordered 命令；D. led 领导，通向。上文讲科学家们想通过驯化研究黑猩 猩，此处指她还被训练怎样思考和解决问题，与上文的 civilized(驯化)同义，故选 B。 89.考查名词词义辨析。句意：她曾经被置于一间天花板上挂有食物的房间里面，食物挂的 很高而够不着。A. cave 洞穴；B. zoo 动物园；C. room 房间；D. museum 博物馆。根据“food hanging from the ceiling”可知，训练过程中她被放在一个房顶挂着食物的房间，故选 C。 90.考查动词词义辨析。句意：她曾经被置于一间天花板上挂有食物的房间里面，食物挂的 很高而够不着。A. pull 拉；B. see 看见；C. eat 吃；D. reach 够得着。根据“too high”可知， 此处指食物挂的太高 Washoe 够不着，故选 D。 91.考查名词词义辨析。句意：当她思考这个问题之后，她就拿来一个纸箱站在上面。A. problem 问题；B. position 位置；C. food 食物；D. ceiling 天花板。Washoe 考虑这个问题后 就搬来一个大箱子站到上面。此处指如何吃到食物的问题，故选 A。 92.考查介词词义辨析。句意：当她思考这个问题之后，她就拿来一个纸箱站在上面。A. by 通过； B. on 在……上； C. up 向上 D. with 和。 on 在…上面，此处指站到大箱子上 面，故选 B 项。 93.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：瓦苏找了一个长杆子。A. straight 直的；B. strong 强壮的；C. long 长的；D. big 大的。站到箱子上够不着 Washoe 就又找了一根长杆。根据常识也可知 答案，故选 C。 94.考查名词词义辨析。句意：她爬上了纸箱，拿到了杆子，用竹竿敲下了食物。A. wall 墙； B. box 箱子；C. ceiling 天花板；D. pole 杆。根据上文 she got a tall box to stand on.可知，她 爬上了纸箱。故选 B。 95.考查动词词义辨析。句意：她爬上了纸箱，拿到了杆子，用竹竿敲下了食物。A. knocked 敲，打；B. picked 捡起；C. took 拿；D. shook 摇动。根据 down the food with the pole 可知， 此处指 Washoe 用长杆把食物敲打了下来。故选 A 项。 96.考查动词词义辨析。句意：瓦苏生活得也像人类。A. lives 生活；B. acts 表现；C. thinks 思考；D. plays 玩耍。根据下文的 a fully furnished house, plays with her toys, watching television before going to bed 可知，她的生活也像人一样，故选 A。 97.考查名词词义辨析。句意：在实验室忙碌的一天之后，她就回家了。A. task 任务；B. lesson 课程；C. day 一天；D. time 时间。此处指 Washoe 在实验室进行研究实验一天后回家。选 C。 98.考查副词词义辨析。句意：在那儿她玩玩具。A. Here 这里；B. There 那里；C. So 如此； D. Then 然后。在那里她玩玩具，指在家里，故选 B。 99.考查副词词义辨析。句意：她甚至喜欢在睡觉前看电视。A. quite 相当；B. already 已经； C. even 甚至；D. still 仍然。表示程度更进一步，她甚至喜欢在睡觉前看电视。故选 C。 100.考查动词词义辨析。句意：科学家们希望通过对这个人类最近的近亲-猩猩的研究而能 够对人类了解得更多。A. observe 观察；B. discover 发现；C. gain 获得；D. learn 学习，了解。 根据 by studying our closest relative — chimpanzee.可知，科学家们希望通过对这个人类最近 的近亲-猩猩的研究而能够对人类了解得更多。选 D。 6 Nowadays, many of us track our steps with smart watches, pedometers (计步器) or phone apps and are of course thrilled when we reach that all-important daily goal of 10,000 steps. You might 101 that this number has appeared after years of research.The 102 number ''10,000'' dates back to a marketing campaign 103 shortly before the start of the1964 Tokyo Olympic Games. A company began 104 a pedometer called the Manpo-kei: ''man'' meaning 10,000, ''po'' meaning 105 and ''kei'' meaning meter. It was hugely 106 and the number seems to have stuck. Many buyers are appealed by the new device. Since then, studies have 107 the health benefits of 5,000 with 10,000 steps and, not 108 ，the higher number is better. But until recently, all the 109 between hadn’t been studied. I-Min Lee, a professor of 110 at Harvard Medical School, and her team 111 a group of more than 16,000 women in their seventies. Each woman spent a week 112 a device to measure movement during 113 hours. When they 114 the women up an average of four years and three months later, 504 died. How many steps do you think the people alive had been doing? In fact, the average number for 115 was only 5,500 but not 10,000. Women who took more than 4,000 steps a 116 were significantly more likely to still be alive than those who did only 2,700 steps. It's surprising that such a small 117 could have consequences for longevity (寿命). However, physical conditions 118 from person to person, and we should do it wisely. So count if you find it 119 you, but remember there’s nothing special about 10,000 steps. Set the goal that is 120 for you. 101.A.assume B.admit C.acquire D.afford 102.A.delicate B.ordinary C.abstract D.magic 103.A.recommended B.launched C.stated D.commanded 104.A.marketing B.purchasing C.manufacturing D.donating 105.A.walkers B.runners C.steps D.numbers 106.A.thoughtful B.successful C.plentiful D.powerful 107.A.identified B.displayed C.compared D.compromised108.A.excitingly B.disappointingly C.amusingly D.surprisingly 109.A.signs B.strengths C.symbols D.numbers 110.A.psychology B.mathematics C.medicine D.philosophy 111.A.focused on B.took part in C.got along with D.thought highly of 112.A.associating B.wearing C.undertaking D.claiming 113.A.walking B.sleeping C.running D.shaking 114.A.remarked B.distinguished C.acquainted D.tracked 115.A.women B.deaths C.survivors D.people 116.A.day B.hour C.month D.week 117.A.distance B.growth C.decrease D.difference 118.A.separate B.reflect C.vary D.recover 119.A.distracts B.motivates C.indicates D.accumulates 120.A.challenging B.appropriate C.beneficial D.creative 【答案】ADBAC BCDDC ABADC ADCBB 【解析】 这是一篇说明文。当我们达到每天 1 万步这一至关重要的目标时，我们会兴奋不已，文 章说明了计步器的来源。以及一项对 16000 多名 70 多岁的女性的研究发现每天走超过 4000 步的女性明显比每天只走 2700 步的女性寿命更长。如此微小的差异可能会对寿命产生影响， 但是由于身体情况的差异也应适当设定目标。 101.考查动词词义辨析。句意：你可能认为这个数字是经过多年研究得出的。A. assume 认 为；设想；B. admit 承认；C. acquire 获得；D. afford 付的起。结合后文 that this number has appeared after years of research.可知是人们认为的具体内容，故选 A 项。102.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这个神奇数字的由来可以追溯到 1964 年东京奥运会召开 前不久的一次市场营销活动。A. strange 陌生的；B. ordinary 普通的；C. abstract 抽象的；D. magic 神奇的。结合上文可知达到一万步人们就会兴奋不已，可知一万步这是一个神奇的数 字。故选 D 项。 103.考查动词词义辨析。句意：这个神奇数字的由来可以追溯到一次市场营销活动，活动是 1964 年东京奥运会召开前不久启动的。A. recommended 推荐；B. launched 启动；C. stated 陈述；D. commanded 命令。结合上文 a marketing campaign 可知这个神奇数字的由来可以追 溯到一次市场营销活动，活动是 1964 年东京奥运会召开前不久启动的。故选 B 项。 104.考查动词词义辨析。句意：一家公司开始销售一种名为“man”的计步器:“man”的意思是 10000，“po”的意思是台阶，“kei”的意思是用表计量。A. selling 出售；B. purchasing 购买； C. producing 生产；D. donating 捐赠。根据下文 Marty buyers are appealed by the new gadget. 可知是出售计步器。故选 A 项。 105.考查名词词义辨析。句意：一家公司开始销售一种名为“man”的计步器:“man”的意思是 10000，“po”的意思是步子，“kei”的意思是用表计量。A. walkers 步行者；B. runners 奔跑者； C. steps 步子；D. numbers 数字。结合上文 pedometer 可知计步器是用来计算步数的，故此 处 po 的意思是步子，故选 C 项。 106.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：它取得了巨大的成功。A. helpful 有益的；B. successful 成 功的；C. plentiful 丰富的；D. powerful 强大的。结合后文 Many buyers are appealed by the new gadget.可知这个产品取得了巨大的成功。故选 B 项。 107.考查动词词义辨析。句意：从那以后，研究比较了 5000 步和 10000 步的健康益处，毫 不奇怪，步数越高越好。A. known 知道；B. displayed 展示；C. compared 比较；D. shown 展 示。结合下文 the health benefits of 5,000 with 10,000 steps 可知是在比较这个数字的健康益处， 故选 C 项。 108.考查副词词义辨析。句意：从那以后，研究比较了 5000 步和 10000 步的健康益处，毫 不意外，步数越高越好。A. excitingly 激动地；B. disappointingly 失望地；C. amusingly 有趣 地；D. surprisingly 出人意料地。结合常识可知，人们走得步数越多越有益，这毫不意外。 故选 D 项。109.考查名词词义辨析。句意：但直到最近，两个数字之间的所有数字都没有被研究过。A. signs 标志；B. strengths 优势；C. symbols 象征；D. numbers 数字。上文列举的 5,000 with 10,000 steps 是数字，此处指五千和一万当中的数字没有被研究过，故选 D 项。 110.考查名词词义辨析。句意：哈佛大学医学院的医学教授 I-Min Lee 和她的研究小组对 16000 多名 70 多岁的女性进行了研究。A. science 科学；B. law 法律；C. medicine 医学；D. history 历史。根据下文 at Harvard Medical School 可知是哈佛医学院的医学教授。故选 C 项。 111.考查动词短语辨析。句意：哈佛大学医学院的医学教授 I-Min Lee 和她的研究小组集中 研究了 16000 多名 70 多岁的女性。A. focused on 关注；集中于；B. took part in 参加；C. got along with 相处；D. thought highly of 高度评价。结合下文 a group of more than 16,000 women 可知选取了一万六千名女性进行集中研究。故选 A 项。 112.考查动词词义辨析。句意：每位女性都佩戴了一个测量行走时间的设备，为期一周。A. taking 带走；B. wearing 穿着；佩戴；C. holding 持有；D. bringing 带来。结合下文 a device to measure movement 可知是佩戴了一个测量行走时间的设备。故选 B 项。 113.考查动词词义辨析。句意：每位女性都佩戴了一个测量行走时间的设备，为期一周。A. walking 步行；B. sleeping 睡觉；C. running 奔跑；D. shaking 摇晃。结合下文 Women who took more than 4,000 steps 可知设备是用来测量行走时间的。故选 A 项。 114.考查动词词义辨析。句意：当他们追踪这些妇女平均 4 年 3 个月后，504 人死亡。A. asked 询问；B. spied 侦探；C. found 发现；D. followed 追踪。结合后文 the women up an average of four years and three months later 可知他们追踪了这些女性 4 年 3 个月。故选 D 项。 115.考查名词词义辨析。句意：事实上，平均幸存者人数只有 5500 人，而不是 10000 人。 A. women 女人；B. deaths 死亡；C. survivors 幸存者；D. people 人们。结合下文 was only 5,500 but not 10,000 可知除去死亡的人数 504 人，幸存的人数只有 5500 人，而不是 1000 人。故 选 C 项。 116.考查名词词义辨析。句意：每天走超过 4000 步的女性明显比每天只走 2700 步的女性寿 命更长。A. day 天；B. hour 小时；C. month 月；D. week 周。结合上文 took more than 4,000 steps 中的数字可知 4000 步应当是一个人一天所走的步数，其他选项均不符合语境。故选 A 项。117.考查名词词义辨析。句意：令人惊讶的是，如此微小的差异可能会对寿命产生影响。A. distance 距离；B. growth 成长；C. decrease 减少；D. difference 不同；差异。结合上文 4000 步和 2700 步这是微小的差异却可能会对寿命产生影响。故选 D 项。 118.考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，身体状况因人而异，我们应该明智地去做。A. separate 分离；B. reflect 反映；C. vary 变化；D. come 来。根据下文 from person to person，and we should do it wisely.可知身体状况因人而异，我们应该明智地去做。短语 vary from“不同”，故选 C 项。 119.考查动词词义辨析。句意：所以，如果你发现它能激励你，那就计步数吧，但记住，一 万步并没有什么特别之处。A. distracts 分心；B. motivates 促使；C. pulls 拉；D. defeats 打败。 结合上文 So count if you find it 可知如果你发现它能激励你，那就计步数吧。故选 B 项。 120.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：设定适合自己的目标。A. challenging 挑战的；B. appropriate 合适的；C. beneficial 有益的；D. creative 创造性的。结合上文人与人的身体情况不同，因此 要按自身情况设定适合自己的目标。故选 B 项。