2021届高三第一学期开学英语考试题

2021届高三第一学期开学英语考试题 第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分 40 分） 第一节（共 15 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 30 分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C 和 D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上 将该项涂黑。 A To get from New York City (NYC) to Chicago, there are several transportation options. Consider the pros and cons of each option to choose the best one for you. Time Cost Best for Train 20 hours from $70 seeing scenery Flight 3 hours from $48, but varies widely getting there quickly Bus 19 hours from $38 travelers on a budget Car 12 hours from $60 stopping for attractions By train Traveling by train from NYC to Chicago is a relatively long journey. Trains go from Penn Station in Manhattan to Union Station. The route is serviced by Amtrak, via the Lake Shore Limited or Cardinal to Chicago or by changing trains either in Washington D.C. or Pittsburgh. You can purchase tickets in advance by Amtrak or in person at Penn Station. By plane Flying to Chicago is the fastest and most convenient way to travel there from NYC. The major carriers include JetBlue, Delta, United, and American Airlines, as well as budget carriers including Southwest and Spirit Airlines. By bus Bus service from NYC to Chicago is a long journey, too. Greyhound is the only company that services this route and buses depart from Port Authority Bus Terminal in Manhattan and arrive at Union Station. These buses offer Wi-Fi service. By car You’ll drive through New Jersey, Pennsylvania, and Ohio, and then along the Michigan and Indiana border until you go around the southern tip of Lake Michigan and back up into Chicago. While this trip is long, the most significant advantage of traveling by car is that there are a few interesting places to stop along the way. 15. How should you go to Chicago from NYC if you want to save money? A. By train. B. By plane. C. By bus. D. By car. 16. At which place can you buy train tickets to Chicago? A. Union Station. B. Penn Station. C. Delta. D. Greyhound. 17. What is the advantage of driving to Chicago from NYC? A. Saving more money. B. Spending less time. C. Stopping to enjoy scenery. D. Staying in NYC for a long time. B I just had a snowstorm that piled up eight inches of snow. It truly was a winter wonderland, and there was white beauty everywhere. Since I didn’t have anything to do that day, I really enjoyed it. But then the second snowstorm arrived that night, piling additional inches of snow on top of the snow banks that were already there. And then on the evening news, the weather cast gave us a notice that still another snowstorm was headed our way. Then I felt despondent. I had things to do and places to go. After days of being snowbound, I felt like I was under house arrest. I was stuck. A place stuck isn’t a fun place to be, whether it’s from a snowstorm or from life circumstances such as a bad relationship, bills that seem to tower over our heads, or situations where we see no way out. All of us will feel stuck at one time or another, but it’s how we respond that makes the difference. I had a friend named Hannah. She was stuck in the heartbreaking world of infertility（不孕）. She longed for a child more than anything. Instead of accepting defeat, she acted sincerely. Think about Nelson Mandela in a dark prison. It was a seemingly hopeless place, but instead of becoming depressed or bitter, he kept fighting for freedom. Yes, he kept fighting to get the success. Circumstances cannot define us, but our reactions do. Each of those men and women learned important lessons in their “stuck” situations, and we can as well. 18. What does the underlined word “despondent” in paragraph 2 mean? A. Unhappy. B. Unusual. C. Ambitious. D. Energetic. 19. What does the author intend to do in paragraph 3? A. Summarize the previous paragraphs. B. Provide some advice for the readers. C. Introduce some background information. D. Form a connecting link of the context.20. Why does the author mention Hannah and Nelson Mandela? A. To introduce two great celebrities. B. To introduce the way to be famous. C. To show their different circumstances. D. To show how to respond to difficult situations. 21. What’s the best title for the text? A. Don’t be defeated by failure B. Don’t be trapped by snow C. Enjoy the white beauty D. Keep calm in the winter C In a new study published on the Journal of Avian Biology, researchers at the National Autonomous University of Mexico tracked the behavior of house finches（雀）on the main campus of the university, in Mexico City. The team created an artificial nest lining （ 内 衬 ） , which includes feathers, cotton, hair and cigarette ends. Then, after the birds’ eggs had hatched, they replaced the original lining with the new one, to make sure the nests were pest free. The researchers then added live ticks（壁虱）to the mix, while dead ticks were added to other linings. It seems that urban house finches use more cigarette ends to line their nests when they’ve been invaded by ticks. And, those whose nests were given live ticks increased their cigarette end weight by about 40 percent more than those where dead ticks had been used, according to New Scientist. The technique is likely a form of self-medication, the experts explain, as it’s thought that the chemicals in cigarette ends can help to keep off the pests. While this behavior may have its benefits, the researchers say it’s also possible that the use of cigarette ends in the nests could have negative effects. “It is a matter of concern that cigarette ends, being poisonous, are part of house finch nests in Mexico City,” the authors explain in the paper, “but we have not come across evidence of long-term costs of using this material.” According to the researchers, a thorough evaluation will be necessary to determine the real effects of using cigarette ends, whether they are positive or not. But they explain, the findings do suggest that the cigarette ends are linked to the presence of ticks and likely play a role in keeping them away. 22. What does the underlined phrase “the mix” in paragraph 2 refer to? A. The former nests. B. The artificial lining.C. The cigarette ends. D. The original lining. 23. What is paragraph 3 mainly about? A. The findings of the experiment. B. The application of the research findings. C. The theory related to resent research. D. The reasons for house finches using cigarette ends. 24. What did house finches do when live ticks were found in their nests? A. Eat them out. B. Dust them off. C. Build firmer nests. D. Use more cigarette ends. 25. Which word best describes the author’s attitude to the study? A. Skeptical. B. Conservative. C. Objective. D. Tolerant. D Cars could soon be communicating with each other using 5G to make drivers aware of upcoming dangers, scientists claim. The ultra-fast mobile Internet would allow for rapid information transmission and could make drivers aware of black ice, pot holes or other dangers up ahead. Several car manufacturers are already integrating 5G into their vehicles, including as a tool to welcome the coming of self-driving vehicles. Experts believe the high-speed connection will also improve the reliability and capability of automated vehicles to the point where they will be safer than the manual cars being driven today. They predict the number of road traffic accidents—which according to the World Health Organization (WHO) account for more than 1.3 million deaths and up to 50 million people injured worldwide every year—will drop thoroughly as a result. Dr Dimitrios Liarokapis, a member of the research group, said: “With the help of 5G, an early warning system that alerts（给…报警）drivers is possible within the next few years. Cars that are close enough to the danger area will send warning messages to other cars around them using short-range communication technologies, but also to cars further away using 5G, fast and reliably. Then those cars will transmit the same information to cars near them and so on, forming a joined-up, multi-vehicle communication chain that stretches far and wide.” Automotive giant Ford is already working on connected cars. Earlier this year it revealed its intention to fit 80 percent of its 2020 vehicles with technology that warns drivers about upcoming road accidents, bad weather and traffic jams. The system pools data from other connected road users, emergency services and the authorities and sends it from the cloud directly to the car. Alerts are shown on the car’s dashboard display warning the driver about what lies around the corner.26. How can 5G help reduce road accidents? A. By offering the fast mobile Internet. B. By helping drivers overcome dangers. C. By offering practical safety programs. D. By helping WHO calculate traffic accidents. 27. What is the function of the communication chain? A. To track other drivers. B. To send warning messages. C. To collect drivers’ information. D. To send the traffic situation to the police. 28. What can we expect of the cars in the future? A. They will be safer. B. They may be bigger. C. They may replace other vehicles. D. They will be more personalized. 29. What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A. Cars of Ford are the most intelligent. B. Warning messages are shown on phones. C. Ford is the first producer to use 5G. D. Connected cars are equipped with 5G. 第二节（共 5 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 10 分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂 黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。 There are lots of things to pay attention to when the new school year starts. Although it is exciting for students, this yearly transition can also be a big source of stress. 36 Here are some ways to make your back-to-school experience as smooth as possible. Get organized. 37 You can set up a system that you can use right from the beginning of the term. Some students find that a colorful binder（活页夹）helps them keep all their assignments in order. Others might benefit from keeping a weekly plan in a notebook. Make a schedule. Outline a daily plan for school projects, social events and activities. Make sure you record your assignments in the same place every week. Next, we suggest separating assignments into smaller, manageable steps, and then ordering those steps according to the project due date. 38 Finally, these steps will help you learn the time management skills. 39 One of the most important things you can do to ensure a great school year is to understand how you learn best. Some children absorb information by listening; other students do best when information is conveyed visually, through charts or illustrations. Remember to take breaks. 40 As time goes by, they also seem to get fuller. Don’t forget to build breaks into your routine. Even a two-minute walk around the house or quick snack can work wonders for a busy brain. We all need to take moments to reset our minds. A. Identify your learning style. B. Focus on the most effective time. C. You can join a famous organization. D. Make sure your study is free of the mess. E. The beginning of the year can feel good for everyone. F. Luckily, you can deal with it well through some efforts. G. You can use the plan to manage daily homework and study time. 第三部分 语言知识运用（共两节，满分 45 分） 第一节 完形填空（共 20 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 30 分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的 A、B、C 和 D 四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的 最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 At sixteen, I was seriously hurt in my back and had an operation. Eleven months after the operation, while playing baseball, I took one bad 41 and knew the operation had 42 . So I had another operation. Every day I am 43 that each step I take can be the wrong one and that I will face another 44 . Yet, in spite of the constant fear, I have learned something very 45 . The experience has taught me to regard difficulties as 46 rather than reasons to quit. I have 47 playing baseball through my entire life. Throughout the last three years, I have tried to play baseball 48 , but I was reminded that I couldn’t play anymore. To be able to be on the 49 , I tried being a manager and scorekeeper. My last summer was spent without 50 . I couldn’t do fun things sitting in an armchair so that my back could 51 . Therefore, I thought of my 52 . I have realized my academic life is the 53 . I am not the smartest student, but I am 54 in each of these academic areas. 55 my back injury, I have learned to study with focus. My second goal is to 56 the previous state: being athletic, strong and ready for any challenge. Actually, I think this injury has been some kind of a(n) 57 . I feel every time I get hurt, I am becoming 58 . During the last few years I have 59 this injury, feeling stressful and frustrated, but I have found a form of 60 myself. Without this test, I would not be who I am today.41. A. temper B. position C. swing D. rest 42. A. failed B. ended C. begun D. continued 43. A. ashamed B. worried C. confused D. depressed 44. A. chance B. lesson C. surgery D. punishment 45. A. strange B. tough C. pitiful D. important 46. A. technology B. motivation C. choices D. solutions 47. A. risked B. regretted C. abandoned D. enjoyed 48. A. again B. too C. firmly D. easily 49. A. way B. team C. line D. list 50. A. doubt B. permission C. prejudice D. excitement 51. A. recover B. survive C. suffer D. tolerate 52. A. achievements B. wishes C. goals D. experiences 53. A. proof B. progress C. priority D. process 54. A. poor B. skillful C. honest D. disappointed 55. A. Without B. Besides C. Instead of D. Thanks to 56. A. regain B. challenge C. practise D. guide 57. A. disaster B. pain C. test D. operation 58. A. sadder B. stronger C. simpler D. stricter 59. A. held back B. referred to C. cared about D. struggled against 60. A. saving B. remembering C. protecting D. instructing 第二节（共 10 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 15 分） China plans to complete the construction of a space station and have 61 put into operation around 2022, said Zhou Jianping, the chief designer of China’s manned space program, at a forum（论 坛 ） 62 (hold) in south China’s Guangdong Province. The space station 63 (design) to weigh 100 tonnes and accommodate three astronauts, 64 could be enlarged if needed, according to Zhou. “The main goal of the construction of the space station is to enable China to become a country 65 (independent) mastering the technology for long-term manned flight in near-Earth space, and having the capability to carry out long-term manned scientific 66 (experiment) in near- Earth space and comprehensive development and utilization （ 利 用 ） of space resources,” 67 (say) Zhou at the 4th China Summit Forum on Human Factors Engineering, which was held at Sun Yat-sen University from Saturday to Sunday. The space station will be built as China’s main platform for space science research, 68 the intention of mastering the technologies in constructing and 69 (operate) large space facilities, the technologies that guarantee life and health of astronauts who often fly in orbit, and the construction of a 70 (nation) space lab, according to Zhou. 第四部分 写作（共两节，满分 35 分） 第一节 短文改错（共 10 小题；每小题 1 分，满分 10 分） 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有 10 处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。 增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。 删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。 修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。 注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词 2. 只允许修改 10 处，多者（从第 11 处起）不计分 Nowadays, peer （ 同 辈 ） pressure was strong among high school students. Face others’ good performance in academic and other aspect, many students feel great pressure. Then, what to handle this kind of peer pressure? The following measures can be taking. First, you should take careful look at your present level and set a practical goal. You needn’t always compare you with others and just make your efforts towards your goal. Second, below peer pressure, you shouldn’t feel discouraging. Instead, you should study harder. Finally, if you find pressure is nearly beyond your control, you’d better to turn to teachers for help. 第二节 书面表达（满分 25 分） 你的英语老师布置了家庭作业。请按要求以做过的最有意义的事为题写一篇短文，内容包 括： 1. 简介事情 2. 陈述意义 注意： 1. 词数 100 左右 短文题目和首句已为你写好。