绝密★本科目考试启用前
2020 年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（北京卷）
英语
本试卷共 12 页，共 120 分。考试时长 100 分钟。
考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分：知识运用（共两节，45 分）
第一节语法填空（共 10 小题；每小题 1.5 分，共 15 分）
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写 1 个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白
处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
A
Oliver is a host of a TV programme on food. He says food 1 (play) a big role in his life. "My mum was a
great cook, and she'd sometimes let me have a try," he said. The first dish Oliver prepared for his family was fried
chicken wings. He made it with his mum's help. Oliver says if you're 2 (luck) enough to have someone close
to you who enjoys cooking, ask them 3 you can join in when it's possible.
B
Single-use plastic bags are used at most a few times before they 4 (throw) away. It takes them hundreds
of years 5 (break) down. Many of these bags end up in the ocean where larger ones can trop sea creatures,
such as turtles and dolphins. Over time, the bags fall apart 6 countless tiny pieces, and fish cam accidentally
eat some of them. Now, lots of 7 (country)and regions are taking action to ban the sale of such bags to stop
people using them.
C
A piece of stone 8 (find) on a Dutch beach suggests that our extinct human relatives, known as
Neanderthals,
were cleverer than previously thought. The Neanderthals 9 （live）alongside human ancestors in Europe
for tens of thousands of years, before dying out about 40, 000 years ago. They were much stronger than modern
humans, but it's long been assumed that human ancestors were 10 （smart）than the Neanderthals. However,
the stone tool made by Neanderthals suggests otherwise.
第二节完形填空（共 20 小题；每小题 1.5 分，共 30 分）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的 4、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
My faith in human nature has never been so great as it was last weekend after our family get-together in the
town of Vail.
On Saturday, we all went to the market right in the middle of the town. Near the end, we all 11 at the
fountain near the bridge, and the kids waded（蹚水）around in the fountain until we 12 This is one of the
busiest walking streets.
After we returned to the hotel late in the afternoon, my 7-year-old son Ponder 13 that nowhere could he
find his backpack, which 14 his Gameboy and his watch. After a thorough 15 we determined that he
must have left it at the fountain.
Ponder has never 16 anything. So we just take for granted that he needs no supervision（指导）for
managing his 17 .
He was upset, not about the Gameboy, but about the watch. "But Dad," he said, through massive 18 .
"they don't make that kind of watch anymore." We were all very 19 .
Our dinner reservation was at a restaurant just on the other side of the bridge, so I 20 him that we would
not only search the area around the fountain when we went back for dinner, but we would also find the police and
ask them if the backpack had been 21 .
As we exited from the parking garage, we could see the fountain as we walked down the long staircase. I saw
something black 22 there, but it was right next to a woman standing by the fountain, so I could not 23
what it was or if it was hers.
"See it, Dad?" Ponder shouted. "Don't get too 24 because that may not be it," I said. But that was it. It
had been five or six hours since we left the fountain, and it was 25 there. There was no ID in it, and it looked
like someone had looked through it and then set it right out where all could 26 it.
I literally 27 when we reached it and it was his！Everyone in our party was blown away by this "miracle
（奇迹）". In my wildest 28 . I would never have imagined that this could happen nowadays.
What a charmed life, eh? I believe this was a perfect 29 for a child in losing something important…to
lose it and feel the full 30 of that loss, and then to miraculously get it back.
（ ）11. A. drove B. hiked C. met D. united
（ ）12. A. landed B. left C. settled D. slept
（ ）13. A. responded B. recognized C. realised D. recalled（ ）14. A. contained B. combined C. comprised D. covered
（ ）15. A. preparation B. checkup C. revision D. search
（ ）16. A. wasted B. lost C. sough D. deserted
（ ）17. A. emotion B. time C. money D. stuff
（ ）18. A. tears B. fists C. reliefs D. outbreaks
（ ）19. A. hesitant B. curious C. sad D. eager
（ ）20. A. promised B. informed C. warned D. taught
（ ）21. A. worn out B. caught up C. put ava D. turned in
（ ）22. A. hiding B. sitting C. swinging D. flowing
（ ）23. A. assess B. declare C. tell D. predict
（ ）24. A. excited B. puzzled C. relaxed D. amused
（ ）25. A. already B. even C. almost D. still
（ ）26. A. take B. see C. touch D. protect
（ ）27. A. panicked B. exploded C. collapsed D. cried
（ ）28. A. dreams B. claims C. efforts D. passions
（ ）29. A. mode B. lesson C. option D. plot
（ ）30. A. range B. pressure C. weight D. harvest
第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，40 分）
第一节（共 15 小题；每小题 2 分，共 30 分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Lancom is a worldwide language learning app and a leader in the online language learning industry with
millions of active subscribers. We house a broad range of experts united by the common goal of creating the best
language learning tools possible. With advice from A I specialists, art designers and culture researchers, our
multi-language experts endow（赋予）Lancom with an enormous potential for innovation within the world of
language leaning. Our courses, totalling 20,000 hours of content in 20 different languages, guarantee you language
skills you can use right away.
At the core of Lancom is a world-class effective method that enhances language leaning with advanced
technology. Examples and dialogues are recorded with real native speakers instead of automatic computers. Lancom trains
your brain to learn efficiently, so you absorb more information while in the app and continue leaning outside of it.
The app makes our practical language lessons available wherever and whenever. We work directly for our leaners,
not for any third party. And it's all supported by an efficient customer service team, available through telephone,
email and online chat.
Millions of learners have their own stories and their own reasons for learning a new language. Lancom cares
about you and addresses your individual learning type. Lancom is the only product to offer courses tailored to your
native language, building on grammar and words you already know. Our content is about real-life topics that are
relevant because we know what matters to you is what sticks best. You will, find it very rewarding to learn with
Lancom.
Choose Your Subscription and Get Started
1 month 3 months 6 months 12 months
$12.95/m $8.95/m $7.45/m $6.95/m
Buy with confidence: 21-day money back guarantee! If you aren't satisfied, just write to Customer Service
within 21 days.
Contact & Support: customerservice@lancom.com
31. Who can provide Lancom with a huge potential for innovation in learning? （ ）
A. Culture researchers. B. AI specialists.
C. Language experts. D. Art designers.
32. What lies at the core of the Lancom app? （ ）
A. A flexible system. B. An effective method.
C. The brain-training technique. D. The informative content.
33. Lancom claims that it is unique in its ___________.（ ）
A. personalised courses B. multiple languages
C. pricing policy D. service team
B
Baggy has become the first dog in the UK—and potentially the world—to join the fight against air pollution
by recording pollutant levels near the ground. Baggy wears a pollution monitor on her collar so she can take data measurements close to the ground. Her
monitor has shown that air pollution levels are higher closer to ground level, which has helped highlight concerns
that babies and young kids may be at higher risk of developing lung problems.
Conventional air pollution monitors are normally fixed on lampposts at about nine feet in the air. However,
since Baggy stands at about the same height as a child in a pushchair（婴儿车）, she frequently records pollution
levels which are much higher than the data gathered by the Environment A gency.
The doggy data research was the idea of Baggy's 13-vea-old owner Tom Hunt and his dad Matt. The English
youngster noticed that pollution levels are around two-thirds higher close to the ground than they are in the air at
the height where they are recorded by the agency. Tom has since reported the shocking findings to the government
in an attempt to emphasise that babies are at higher risk of developing asthma（哮喘）.
Matt Hunt said he was "very proud" of his son because “when the boy gets an idea, he keeps his head down
and gets on with it, and he really does want to do some good and stop young kids from getting asthma."
“Tom built up a passion for environmental protection at a very early age," Matt added. “He became very
interested in gadgets（小装置）. A bout one year ago, he got this new piece of tech which is like a test tube. One
Sunday afternoon, we went out to do some monitoring, and he said, why don't we put it on Baggy's collar and let
her monitor the pollution？'So we did it."
Tom said, "Most of the time, Baggy is just like any other dog. But for the rest of the time she is a super dog,
and we are all really proud of her."
34. With a monitor on her collar, Baggy can ____________.（ ）
A. take pollutant readings B. record pollutant levels
C. process collected data D. reduce air pollution
35. What can we learn from the Baggy data? （ ）
A. High places are free of air pollution. B. Higher pushchairs are more risky for kids.
C. Conventional monitors are more reliable. D. Air is more polluted closer to the ground. 36. What is Tom's purpose of doing the research? （ ）
A. To wan of a health risk. B. To find out pollution sources.
C. To test his new monitor. D. To prove Baggy's abilities.
37. According to the passage, which word can best describe Tom Hunt?（ ）
A. Modest. B. Generous. C. Creative. D. Outgoing.
C
For the past five years, Paula Smith, a historian of science, has devoted herself to re-creating long-forgotten
techniques. While doing research for her new book, she came across a 16th-century French manuscript（手稿）
consisting of nearly 1,000 sets of instructions, covering subjects from tool making to finding the best sand.
The author's intention remains as mysterious（神秘）as his name; he may have been simply taking notes for
his own records. But Smith was struck mainly by the fact that she didn't truly grasp any of the skills the author
described. "You simply can't get an understanding of that handwork by reading about it," she says.
Though Smith did get her hands on the best sand, doing things the old-fashioned way isn't just about playing
around with French mud. Reconstructing the work of the craftsmen（工匠）who lived centuries ago can reveal how
they viewed the world, what objects filled their homes, and what went on in the workshops that produced them. It
can even help solve present-day problems: In 2015, scientists discovered that a 10th-century English medicine for
eve problems could kill a drug-resistant virus.
The work has also brought insights for museums, Smith says. One must know how on object was made in
order to preserve it. What's more, reconstructions might be the only way to know what treasures looked like before
time wore them down. Scholars have seen this idea in practice with ancient Greek and Roman statues. These
sculptures were painted a rainbow of striking colours. We can't appreciate these kinds of details without seeing
works of art as they originally appeared-something Smith believes you can do only when you have a road map.
Smith has put the manuscript's ideas into practice. Her final goal is to link the worlds of art and science back
together: She believes that bringing the old recipes to life can help develop a kind of learning that highlights
experimentation, teamwork, and problem solving.
Back when science—then called “the new philosophy”—took shape, academics looked to craftsmen for help
in understanding the natural world. Microscopes and telescopes were invented by way of artistic tinkering（修补）,
as craftsmen experimented with glass to better bend light.
If we can rediscover the values of hands-on experience and craftwork, Smith says, we can marry the best of our modern insights with the handiness of our ancestors.
38. How did Smith, feel after reading the French manuscript? （ ）
A. Confused about the technical terms.
B. Impressed with its detailed instructions.
C. Discouraged by its complex structure.
D. Shocked for her own lack of hand skills.
39. According to Smith, the reconstruction work is done mainly to _____________. （ ）
A. restore old workshops B. understand the craftsmen
C. improve visual effects D. inspire the philosophers
40. Why does the author mention museums? （ ）
A. To reveal the beauty of ancient objects.
B. To present the findings of old science.
C. To highlight the importance of antiques.
D. To emphasise the values of hand skills.
41. Which would be the best title for this passage? （ ）
A. Craftsmen Set the Trends for Artists
B. Craftsmanship Leads to New Theories
C. Craftsmanship Makes Better Scientists
D. Craftsmen Reshape the Future of Science
D
Certain forms of AI are indeed becoming ubiquitous. For example, algorithms（算法）carry out huge volumes
of trading on our financial markets, self-driving cars are appearing on city streets, and our smartphones are
translating from one language into another. These systems are sometimes faster and more perceptive than we
humans are. But so far that is only true for the specific tasks for which the systems have been designed. That is
something that some A I developers are now eager to change.
Some of today's AI pioneers want to move on from today's world of “weak” or “narrow” AI, to create “strong”
or “full” AI, or what is often called artificial general intelligence（A GI）. In some respects, today's powerful
computing machines already make our brains look weak. A GI could, its advocates say, work for us around the
clock, and drawing on all available data, could suggest solutions to many problems. DM, a company focused on the development of A GI, has an ambition to “solve intelligence”. “If we're successful,” their mission statement reads,
“we believe this will be one of the most important and widely beneficial scientific advances ever made.”
Since the early days of AI, imagination has outpaced what is possible or even probable. In 1965, an
imaginative mathematician called Irving Good predicted the eventual creation of an "ultra-intelligent
machine…that can far surpass all the intellectual（智力的）activities of any man, however clever." Good went on
to suggest that “the first ultra-intelligent machine" could be “the last invention that man need ever make."
Fears about the appearance of bad, powerful, man-made intelligent machines have been reinforced（强化）by
many works of fiction—Mary Shelley's Frankenstein and the Terminator film series, for example. But if AI does
eventually prove to be our downfall, it is unlikely to be at the hands of human-shaped forms like these, with
recognisably human motivations such as aggression （ 敌 对 行 为 ） . Instead, I agree with Oxford University
philosopher Nick Bostrom, who believes that the heaviest risks from A GI do not come from a decision to turn
against mankind but rather from a dogged pursuit of set objectives at the expense of everything else.
The promise and danger of true A GI are great. But all of today's excited discussion about these possibilities
presupposes the fact that we will be able to build these systems. And, having spoken to many of the world's
foremost AI researchers, I believe there is good reason to doubt that we will see A GI any time soon, if ever:
42. What does the underlined word “ubiquitous” in Paragraph I probably mean? （ ）
A. Enormous in quantity. B. Changeable daily.
C. Stable in quality. D. Present everywhere.
43. What could A GI do for us, according to its supporters? （ ）
A. Help to tackle problems. B. Make brains more active.
C. Benefit ambitious people. D. Set up powerful databases.
44. As for Irving Good's opinion on ultra-intelligent machines, the author is ____________. （ ）
A. supportive B. disapproving
C. fearful D. uncertain
45. What can be inferred about A GI from the passage? （ ）
A. It may be only a dream.
B. It will come into being soon.
C. It will be controlled by humans.
D. It may be more dangerous than ever. 第二节（共 5 小题；每小题 2 分，共 10 分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Many people think that positive thinking is mostly about keeping one's head in the sand and ignoring daily
problems, trying to look optimistic. In reality it has more to do with the way an individual talks to himself. Self-talk
is a constant stream of thoughts of a person, who is often unaware and uncertain of some events, phenomena,
people, or even the person himself. 46 Meanwhile, positive thinking can help to stop negative self-talks and
start to form a positive view on an issue. People who regularly practise positive thinking tend to solve problems
more effectively. They are less exposed to stress caused by external factors. They tend to believe in themselves and
in what they do.
47 People who think positively demonstrate increased life spans（寿命）, lower rates of depression and
anxiety, better physical and psychological health, reduced risks of death from heart problems. Positive thinking also
contributes to one's ability to deal with problems and hardships. 48 For example, researchers have found that
in the case of a crisis accompanied by strong emotions, such as a natural disaster, positive thinking can provide a
sort of buffer（缓冲作用）against depression and anxiety. Resilient（适应性强的）people who think positively
tend to treat every problem as a challenge, a chance for improvement of any kind, or as an opportunity for personal
growth. Pessimists, on the contrary, tend to perceive problems as a source of additional stress. 49
In conclusion, positive thinking is a powerful and effective tool for dealing with hard times and improving the
quality of one's life. It doesn't have anything to do with ignorant optimism when an individual refuses to notice a
problem. 50
Thinking in a positive, self-encouraging way brings about many benefits to one's physical and mental health.
A. It doesn't cause any severe emotional discomfort, either.
B. Negative self-talk damages self-confidence and decreases self-respect.
C. It helps one to remain clear-headed and confident in difficult situations.
D. Positive thinking has several beneficial effects on the body and the mind.
E. As thinking changes, an individual's behaviour and habits change as well.
F. They often offer a real alternative to the common and regular way of thinking.
G. They often feel discouraged long before trying to solve the problem, even if small.
第三部分：书面表达（共两节，35 分）
第一节（15 分）假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你们学校英语戏剧俱乐部外籍指导教师 Jim 因疫情滞留英国。复学在即，
作为俱乐部负责人，你给 Jim 写一封电子邮件，请他推荐一名外籍指导教师，内容包括：
1. 条件及要求；
2. 表示感谢并提醒注意防护。
注意：1. 词数不少于 50；
2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Jim,
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
（请务必将作文写在答题卡指定区域内）
第二节（20 分）
假设你是红星中学高三（1）班班长李华。居家学习期间，你们班开展了一次以“自律”为主题的调研活动。
请根据以下四幅图的先后顺序，写一篇英文稿件，给你们学校英文网站投稿，记述你在本次活动中发现问
题并解决问题的过程。
注意：词数不少于 60。
提示词：自律 self-discipline（请务必将作文写在答题卡指定区域内）
参考答案
2020 年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（北京卷）英语
参考答案
第一部分：知识运用（共两节，45 分）
第一节语法填空（共 10 小题；每小题 1.5 分，共 15 分）
1. plays/has played/is playing/has been playing 2. lucky 3. if/whether 4. are thrown 5. to break
6. into/to 7. countries 8. found 9. lived/had lived/had been living 10. smarter
第二节完形填空（共 20 小题；每小题 1.5 分，共 30 分）
11. C 12. B 13. C 14. A 15. D 16. B 17. D 18. A 19. C 20. A 21. D 22. B
23. C 24. A 25. D 26. B 27. D 28. A 29. B 30. C
第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，40 分）
第一节（共 15 小题；每小题 2 分，共 30 分）
31. C 32. B 33. A 34. B 35. D 36. A 37. C 38. D 39. B 40. D 41. C 42. D
43. A 44. B 45. A
第二节（共 5 小题；每小题 2 分，共 10 分）
46. B 47. D 48. C 49. G 50. A
第三部分：书面表达（共两节，35 分）
第一节（15 分）
One possible version:
Dear Jim,
How are you doing? I hope everything's OK with you.
Our school's drama club plans to start practising. Since you're away in Britain, we need a drama teacher to be
in your place. Would you please recommend one for us?
He or she should be a native English speaker, currently in Beijing, and experienced in both directing and
teaching.
Thank you, for your help. Please take care of yourself. Remember to wear a mask when necessary.
Best wishes, Yours,
Li Hua
第二节（20 分）
一、内容要点
1. 发现问题 2. 征求意见 3. 线上讨论 4. 汇报成果
二、范文
One possible version:
While studying at home, I surveyed my class on “self-discipline”. The findings worried me a lot.
To solve the problem, I asked my parents for help, and they offered some practical advice. Then I held an
online discussion with my classmates on how to well discipline ourselves. After that, we all knew better what to do.
Three months later, I did a second survey, which showed great improvements in self-discipline. I phoned my
teacher about it, and we both felt very pleased.
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