2020-2021学年中考英语语法专项讲解训练：情态动词

2020-2021 学年中考英语语法专项讲解训练：情态动词 一、can/could 1. 表示“能力”，can 表示现在的能力，could 表示过去的能力。 例 Can you lift this heavy box? 2. 表示推测，通常用于否定句，can’t 表示“不可能”，用于表示把握比较大的推测。 例 That can’t be Mary, for she is in hospital. 3. 表示“请求”和“许可”(could 用来表示“请求”时，是委婉的说法，回答时一般用 can)。 例 --Could you please do me a favor? --Yes, I can. ①-Finish drawing a horse in ten minutes.OK？ -Sorry.It________in such a short time. A. may do B.can’t be done C.must do D.needn’t be done ②_______she ride when she was three years old？ A.Can B.Could C.Need D.May 答案：①B ②B 二、may/might 1. may 和 might 在肯定句中表示“允许”，在疑问句中表示“请求”。might 表示请求时，对其进行肯定回答用 may/can, 而 不 用 might ； 对 于 may 的 疑 问 句 ， 肯 定 回 答 用 “Yes, you may.” ， 否 定 回 答 用 “No, you can't/musn't.” 例 ─May I go fishing with you tomorrow? ─Yes, you may. /No, you can't/mustn’t. 2. 表示推测，意为“可能，或许”，比 can 的可能性小。通常不用于疑问句中。 例 She may be at home today. 3. may 用于祈使句中表示祝愿。 例 May you be happy forever. ① -________I have your name，please？ -Yes，Michael.M-I-C-H-A-E-L. A.Must B.Will C.May D.Need ② -May I go to the cinema，dad？ -No，you________.You must finish your homework first. A.mustn’t B.won’t　 C.don’t D.needn’t ③ -What do you send to your sister as a Christmas gift? -I haven't decided yet. I ________ send her a handbag. 答案：①C ②A ③may 可能性 can﹥could﹥may﹥might 礼貌程度 might﹥may﹥could﹥can三、must 1. 表示义务、必要性、命令等，意为“必须，应该”，更强调主观态度。 例 You must finish your homework this afternoon. You mustn’t smoke here. 2. 表示推测。语气最为肯定，一般用于肯定句，意为“一定，准是”。 例 She must be tired after such a long walk. 注意：其否定形式为 mustn’t, 意为“不许，禁止”。若要表示“不必须，没必要”时，则用 don't have to 或 needn't ；若表示“不可能”时，用 can't. 练习 ① The desk is not dirty.You_______clean it. A.mustn’t B.shouldn’t C.needn’t D.can’t ② —Is Jessica giving us a speech this evening? --No, it ________be her. She________ to Japan. A.mustn’t has gone B.mustn’t has been C.can’t has gone D.can’t has been 答案：①C ②C ③may 四、have to 表示客观需要，意为“必须，不得不”，强调客观上的必要性。 例 You have to be back before 10 o’clock because the train leaves at 10:05. 五、shall 1. 征求对方意见。用于主语是第一人称或第三人称的疑问句中。 例 Henry is waiting outside. Shall he come in, sir? 2. 表示说话者给出的命令、警告、许诺或威胁等。用于主语是第二人称或第三人称的陈述句中。 例 You shall be punished for what you have done. Tell Jerry he shall get a gift if he is nice. 3. 在条约、规定、法令等文件中表示规定或义务等。 例 Those belonging to our club shall wear uniforms. 六、should 1. 表示劝告、建议、命令或义务。 例 You should learn to respect your elders. You should help him because he is in trouble. 2. 表示惊讶、忧虑、惋惜等情绪，意为“竟会，竟然”。 例 It’s a pity that you should be so careless. Why should anyone want to marry Tony?七、ought to 1. 意为“理应，应该”，表示一种义务或从道理或道义上来讲的一种责任，可用 should 替换。 例 You ought to study hard. 2. 意为“应该，应是”，表示一种推测，可用 should 替换。 例 He is honest, so what he said ought to be true. 八、will/would 1. 表示意愿，自愿或主动提出做什么。 例 I will help you if you meet with trouble. 2.表示请求，would 比 will 语气委婉。 例 Would you please let me have a look? 3.表示习惯或倾向。will 用于表示一般的习惯，would 用于描述过去的习惯或例行的活动。 例 Jealousy will spoil friendship. He would come to help us when he was free. 4.will 表示规律性的“注定会”。 例 You will fail if you don't work hard. Man will die without air. 九、need1. 表示必要性，常用于疑问句和否定句中，needn’t 表示“不必”；对 need 引出的一般疑问句作肯定回答时用 must 而不用 need，作否定回答是用 needn’t。 例 This is a free service; you needn’t pay for it. ─Need I hand in the application now? ─Yes, you must. / No, you needn’t. 十、dare 意为“敢，胆敢”，作情态动词时后跟动词原形，主要用于疑问句、否定句和条件句中。 例 How dare she do things like that to me? ─Dare you catch the mouse? ─No, I dare not. 练习 1. ─I have prepared all kinds of food for the picnic. ─Do you mean we________bring anything with us? A. can’t B. mustn’t C. shan’t D. needn’t 2. Days later, my brother called to say he was all right, but________say where he was. A mustn’t B shouldn’t C wouldn’t D mightn’t3. It was sad to me that they, so poor themselves, _______bring me food. A might B would C should D could 4. You______buy a gift, but you can if you want. A must B mustn’t C have to D don’t have to 5. The new law states that people______drive after drinking alcohol. A wouldn’t B needn’t C won’t D mustn’t 6. ─You needn’t take an umbrella. It isn’t going to rain. ─Well, I don’t know. It _____do. A might B need C would D should 7. ─_________I take the book out? ─I’m afraid not. A. Will B. May C. Must D. Need 8. He____sleep, although he tried to, when he got on such a hunt for an idea until he had caught it. A wouldn’t B shouldn’t C couldn’t D mustn’t 9. —What do you want to eat for lunch? 1 will prepare earlier today, —Honey, you____________. Let's go out to have something different. A. mustn't B. can't C. shouldn't D. don't have to 10. --Is that our new English teacher? --Well, it ____ be, but I am not quite sure. A should B might C must D can't11. --What are you going to order? --Well, I think I ______ try the fried eggs, but I am not sure yet. A must B might C can't D shouldn't 答案：1.D 2.C 3.C 4.D 5.D 6.A 7.B 8.A 9.D 10.B 11.B 1 ( ) 1 John___ come to see us tonight, but he isn't very sure yet. 　　A. may B. can C. has to D. must 　　( ) 2 They ___ do well in the exam. 　　A. can be able to B. be able to 　　C. can able to D. are able to 　　( ) 3 -May I take this book out? 　　 -No, you___. 　　A. can't B. may not C. needn't D. aren't 　　( ) 4 You___ go and see a doctor at once because you're got a fever. 　　A. can B. must C. dare D. would 　　( ) 5 -Can you speak Japanese? 　　-No, I____.　　A. mustn't B. can't C. needn't D. may not 2 ( ) 1 -He___ be in the classroom, I think. 　　 -No, he ___ be in the classroom. I saw him go home a minute ago. A. can; may not B. must; may not C. may; can't D. may; mustn't 　　( ) 2 -Shall I get one more cake for you, Dad? 　 　-Thanks, but you___, I've had enough. A. may not B. must not C. can't D. needn't 　　( ) 3 Even the top students in our class can't work out this problem, so it be very difficult. 　　A. may B. must C. can D. need 　　( ) 4 He isn't at school. I think he ___ be ill. 　　 A. can B. shall C. must D. has to 　　( ) 5 ___ I take this one? 　　A. May B. Will C. Are D. Do 3 ( ) 1 The children___ play football on the road.　　A. can't B. can C. mustn't D. must 　　( ) 2 You ___ be late for school again next time. 　　A. mustn't B. needn't C. don't have to D. don't need to 　　( ) 3 -Must I do my homework at once? 　　-No, you___. 　　A. needn't B. mustn't C. can't D. may not 4 ( ) 1 His arm is all right. He___ go and see the doctor. 　　A. has not to B. don't have to 　　C. haven't to D. doesn't have to 　　( ) 2 He had to give up the plan, ___ he? 　　A. did B. didn't C. does D. doesn't 　　( ) 3 They had to walk here, ___ they? 　　A. mustn't B. did C. didn't D. hadn't 5 ( ) 1 He had better stay here, ___ he? 　　A. didn't B. don't C. hadn't D. isn't 　　( ) 2 You'd better___late next time. 　　A. not to be B. not be C. won't be D. don't be 　( ) 3 You'd better ___ your hair ___ once a month.　　A. had; cut B. had; cutted C. have; cut D. have; cutted 　　( ) 4 You___ ask that man over there. Maybe he knows the way. A. had better not to B. had not better C. had better D. had better not 　6 ( ) 1 -Shall we go and visit the History Museum next Sunday? A. Here you are B. Sorry, I can't C. Yes, please D. Let me try 　　( ) 2 -Why don't you ask Mike to go with us? 　　-Thanks, ___. 　　A. I will B. I won't C. lean D. I may 　　( ) 3 -___ I take the newspaper away? 　　-No, you mustn't. You____read it only here. 　　A. Must; can B. May; can C. Need; must D. Must; must 7 ( ) 1 Excuse me. ___ you please pass me that cup? 　　A. Do B. Should C. Would D. Must 　　( ) 2 ___ you like to have another try? 　　A. Could B. Will C. Would D. Do ( ) 3 -Would you like to go boating with us? -Yes, ___. A. I'd like B. I want C. I'd like to D. I do 　 8 ( ) 1 You___ worry about your son. He will get well soon. 　　A. needn't B. can't C. mustn't D. have to 　　( ) 2 The poor man needs our help, ___ he? 　　A. need B. needn't C. does D. doesn't 　　( ) 3 -Must we do our homework first? 　　-No, you___. You may have a rest first. 　　A. mustn't B. needn't C. may not D. can't 习题答案： 　　1. 1-5 A D A B B 　　2. 1-5 C D B C A 　　3. 1-3 C A A 　　4. 1-3 D B C 　　5. 1-4 C B C C 　　6. 1-3 B A B 　　7. 1-3 C C C 　　8. 1-3 A D B