2020-2021学年中考英语语法专项讲解训练:定语从句
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2020-2021学年中考英语语法专项讲解训练:定语从句

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时间:2020-12-23

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2020-2021 学年中考英语语法专项讲解训练:定语从句 什么是定语? 定语是用来修饰、限定、说明名词或代词的品质与特征的。 主要有形容词, 此外还有名词、代词、数词、介词短语、动词不定式(短语)、分词、定语从句或相当于形容词 的词、短语或句子都可以作定语。 汉语中常用 '……的' 表示。 例 a beautiful girl the noisy music 什么是定语从句? 一、定义:在复合句中,修饰名词或代词的句子叫作定语从句。 例 I like the book which is about tale story. Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane. 二、先行词:定语从句在句中作定语, 用来修饰某个名词或代词, 这个名词或代词叫先行词, 而定语从句位于先行词的后面。 三、关系词:用来引导定语从句的词叫做关系词。关系词分关系代词(that, which, who, whom, whose)和关系副词(when, where, why)。 关系词常有 3 个作用:1.连接作用。连接主句和从句。 2.指代作用。指代先行词 3.在从句中充当一定成分。 指人 指物 所作成分 that √ √ 主语、宾语(做宾语可以省略) which √ 主语、宾语(做宾语可以省略) who √ 主语、宾语(做宾语可以省略) whom √ 宾语(可以省略) 关 系 代 词 whose √ √ 定语 where 地点状语 when 时间状语 关系 副词 why 原因状语 例 This is the place where they fought the enemy. Yesterday I received a letter which came from Australia.1. 先通过翻译确定是定语从句 2. 找先行词,看先行词是人是物 3. 看从句缺什么成分 练习 1.The place _______interested me most was the Children's Palace. A. which B. where C. what D. in which 2. Mr. Smith is the man ____ teaches us English. A who B whom C what D which 3. We all like people ______ are kind and patient. A that B whom C what D which 4.The factory ______we'll visit next week is not far from here. A. where B. which C. what D. when 5. Great changes have taken place since then in the factory _______we are working. A. where B. that C. which D. there6. Is this the factory __________ you visited the other day? A. that B. where C. in which D. the one 7. The wolves hid themselves in the places __________ couldn’t be found. A. that B. where C. in which D. in that 8. I hate the people _______ don’t help others when they are in trouble.   A. who     B. which     C. they    D. where 9. The foreigner ________ visited our school is from Canada.   A. which     B. when     C. who     D. whom 10. He often helps the students _____ he thinks are not quick at their studies. A. whom B. who C. when D. because 11. Don’t talk about such things of __________ you are not sure. A. which B. what C. as D. those 答案:1.A 2.A 3.A 4.B 5.A 6.A 7.A 8.A 9.A 10.B 11.B 5、whose whose 既可用于指人,也可用于指物,同时还可以指动物,它在定语从句中用作定语,修饰其 后的名词。 The boys whose names were called stood up. 叫到名字的男孩们站了起来。 The house whose windows are broken is unoccupied. 那个窗户破了的房子没人住。对于考查关系代词 whose 的考题,掌握以下一点非常有用: 1. 它在定语从句中通常是用作定语,所以其后通常应有被修饰的名词。 例 It was an English novel whose name I have forgotten. 那是一本英语小说,书名我忘了。 练习 1. Mother gave me a book ______ cover is red. A which B that C whose D what 2. I know someone else________ father works here. A who B whom C whose D that 3. This is the girl ______ pronunciation is the best in our class. A who B whom C whose D that 答案:1.C 2.C 3.C 练习 Ⅰ. 用 that, who, which 或 whom 填空 1. Alice likes singers _________ write their own music. 2. Generally, old people like music _______ is quiet and gentle. 3. The girl _______________ you met just now in the street is my friend. 4. This is the school in _______ I studied two years ago. 5. The man with _______ my father is talking over there is our head teacher. 答案:1.who/that 2.which/that 3.who/whom/that 4.which 5.whom II. 根据句意, 用正确的关系代词填空。 1. He is the man __________ is ready to help others. 2. The girl ________________ I spoke to just now is my friend. 3. The dress ___________ you bought in the city mall is made of silk. 4. Bill likes music ___________ he can sing along with. 5. This is the village __________ I used to live in. 6. Women always like buying many things _____________ they don’t need at all. 7. I’m studying a subject ___________ I am very interested in. 8. The girl with ________ I went shopping yesterday is my cousin. 答案:1.who/that 2.who/whom/that 3.that /which 4.that/ which 5.that/ which 6.that/ which 7.that /which 8. whom 注意 一、介词后面只能用 which 或 whom, 不能用 that 或 who。 There are lots of things (that) I need to prepare before the trip. Do you know the girl who / that is singing in the classroom? This is the biggest fish (that) I have ever seen. 二、关系词只能用 that 的情况: a. 先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰,或本身是序数词、基数词、形容词最高级时, 只能 用 that,而不用 which。例如: He was the first person that passed the exam. b. 被修饰的先行词为 all, any, much, many, everything, anything, none, the one 等不定代词时, 只 能用 that, 而不用 which。例如: Is there anything that you want to buy in the shop? c. 先行词被 the only, the very, the same, the last, little, few 等词修饰时,只能用 that,而不用 which。 例如: This is the same bike that I lost. d. 先行词里同时含有人或物时, 只能用 that, 而不用 which。例如: I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room. e. 以 who 或 which 引导的特殊疑问句, 为避免重复, 只能用 that。例如: Who is the girl that is crying? f. 主句是 there be 结构, 修饰主语的定语从句用 that, 而不用 which。例如: There is a book on the desk that belongs to Tom. 单项选择 1. I like music _______ great lyrics. A. that have B. that has C. who have D. who has 2. They are talking about things and persons _______ they saw there a few days ago. A. who B. which C. that D. what 3. This is the highest building _______ I’ve ever seen. A. which B. that C. what D. where 4. I really didn’t know anything _______ happened to Jim yesterday. A. which B. whose C. when D. that 5. --- Who is the man _______ is standing over there? --- Oh, he is my math teacher. A. who B. whom C. that D. which 答案:1.B 2.C 3.B 4.D 5.C6、关系副词的用法 (1)when 指时间,其先行词表示时间,在句中作时间状语。例如:  This was the time when he arrived.这是他到达的时间。 (2)where 指地点,其先行词表示地点,在句中作地点状语。例如:  This is place where he works.这是他工作的地点。 (3)why 指原因,其先行词是原因,起原因状语作用。例如:   Nobody knows the reason why he is often late for school. 没人知道他为什么上学总迟到。 练习 (1) Shanghai is the city ________ I was born. A which B that C what D where (2) The house_________ I lived ten years ago has been pulled down. A why B that C what D where (3) I still remember the day__________I first came to the school. A why B when C what D where (4)The reason _________ he refused the invitation is not clear. A why B that C what D where 答案:1.D 2.D 3.B 4.A 1.The photo _____ taken by my brother last week is very nice. A.which were B.that is C.that were D.which was 参考答案:D 2.The woman _____ is the most important in my life is my mother. A.which B.who C.whom D.what 参考答案:B 3.The stories _____ were written by Mark Twain are often humorous. A.that B.those C.who D.what 参考答案:A 4.—Nowadays WeChat is very popular among friends. —Yes. It seems to be the best way of communication _____ people like.A.that B.which C.who 参考答案:A 5.Everyone _____ has been to Shanghai says it is a modern city. A.why B.whose C.who D.which 参考答案:C 6.I think the first lesson _____ we are learning is very easy. A.that B.where C.who D.when 参考答案:A 7.-Why are you so worried? -I’ve lost the watch _____ my dad bought me on my birthday. A.whom B.who C.whoseD.which 参考答案:D 8.We don’t like people _____ talk too much but never do anything. A. whose B. who C. when D. which 参考答案:B 9.A friend is someone _____ says, “What! You too? I thought I was the only one!” A.who B.which C.what D.whose 参考答案:A 10.This is the book _____ tells many English stories. A.what B.which C.who 参考答案:B

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