2020-2021 学年中考英语语法专项讲解训练:定语从句
什么是定语?
定语是用来修饰、限定、说明名词或代词的品质与特征的。 主要有形容词,
此外还有名词、代词、数词、介词短语、动词不定式(短语)、分词、定语从句或相当于形容词
的词、短语或句子都可以作定语。 汉语中常用
'……的' 表示。
例 a beautiful girl
the noisy music
什么是定语从句?
一、定义:在复合句中,修饰名词或代词的句子叫作定语从句。
例 I like the book which is about tale story.
Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane.
二、先行词:定语从句在句中作定语, 用来修饰某个名词或代词, 这个名词或代词叫先行词,
而定语从句位于先行词的后面。
三、关系词:用来引导定语从句的词叫做关系词。关系词分关系代词(that, which, who, whom, whose)和关系副词(when, where, why)。
关系词常有 3 个作用:1.连接作用。连接主句和从句。
2.指代作用。指代先行词
3.在从句中充当一定成分。
指人 指物 所作成分
that √ √ 主语、宾语(做宾语可以省略)
which √ 主语、宾语(做宾语可以省略)
who √ 主语、宾语(做宾语可以省略)
whom √ 宾语(可以省略)
关
系
代
词
whose √ √ 定语
where 地点状语
when 时间状语
关系
副词
why 原因状语
例 This is the place where they fought the enemy.
Yesterday I received a letter which came from Australia.1. 先通过翻译确定是定语从句
2. 找先行词,看先行词是人是物
3. 看从句缺什么成分
练习
1.The place _______interested me most was the Children's Palace.
A. which B. where C. what D. in which
2. Mr. Smith is the man ____ teaches us English.
A who B whom C what D which
3. We all like people ______ are kind and patient.
A that B whom C what D which
4.The factory ______we'll visit next week is not far from here.
A. where B. which C. what D. when
5. Great changes have taken place since then in the factory _______we are working.
A. where B. that C. which D. there6. Is this the factory __________ you visited the other day?
A. that B. where C. in which D. the one
7. The wolves hid themselves in the places __________ couldn’t be found.
A. that B. where C. in which D. in that
8. I hate the people _______ don’t help others when they are in trouble.
A. who B. which C. they D. where
9. The foreigner ________ visited our school is from Canada.
A. which B. when C. who D. whom
10. He often helps the students _____ he thinks are not quick at their studies.
A. whom B. who C. when D. because
11. Don’t talk about such things of __________ you are not sure.
A. which B. what C. as D. those
答案:1.A 2.A 3.A 4.B 5.A 6.A 7.A 8.A 9.A 10.B 11.B
5、whose
whose 既可用于指人,也可用于指物,同时还可以指动物,它在定语从句中用作定语,修饰其
后的名词。
The boys whose names were called stood up. 叫到名字的男孩们站了起来。
The house whose windows are broken is unoccupied. 那个窗户破了的房子没人住。对于考查关系代词 whose 的考题,掌握以下一点非常有用:
1. 它在定语从句中通常是用作定语,所以其后通常应有被修饰的名词。
例 It was an English novel whose name I have forgotten.
那是一本英语小说,书名我忘了。
练习
1. Mother gave me a book ______ cover is red.
A which B that C whose D what
2. I know someone else________ father works here.
A who B whom C whose D that
3. This is the girl ______ pronunciation is the best in our class.
A who B whom C whose D that
答案:1.C 2.C 3.C
练习
Ⅰ. 用 that, who, which 或 whom 填空
1. Alice likes singers _________ write their own music. 2. Generally, old people like music _______ is quiet and gentle.
3. The girl _______________ you met just now in the street is my friend.
4. This is the school in _______ I studied two years ago.
5. The man with _______ my father is talking over there is our head teacher.
答案:1.who/that 2.which/that 3.who/whom/that 4.which 5.whom
II. 根据句意, 用正确的关系代词填空。
1. He is the man __________ is ready to help others.
2. The girl ________________ I spoke to just now is my friend.
3. The dress ___________ you bought in the city mall is made of silk.
4. Bill likes music ___________ he can sing along with.
5. This is the village __________ I used to live in.
6. Women always like buying many things _____________ they don’t need at all.
7. I’m studying a subject ___________ I am very interested in.
8. The girl with ________ I went shopping yesterday is my cousin.
答案:1.who/that 2.who/whom/that 3.that /which 4.that/ which 5.that/ which 6.that/
which 7.that /which 8. whom 注意
一、介词后面只能用 which 或 whom, 不能用 that 或 who。
There are lots of things (that) I need to prepare before the trip.
Do you know the girl who / that is singing in the classroom?
This is the biggest fish (that) I have ever seen.
二、关系词只能用 that 的情况:
a. 先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰,或本身是序数词、基数词、形容词最高级时, 只能
用 that,而不用 which。例如:
He was the first person that passed the exam.
b. 被修饰的先行词为 all, any, much, many, everything, anything, none, the one 等不定代词时, 只
能用 that, 而不用 which。例如:
Is there anything that you want to buy in the shop?
c. 先行词被 the only, the very, the same, the last, little, few 等词修饰时,只能用 that,而不用 which。
例如:
This is the same bike that I lost.
d. 先行词里同时含有人或物时, 只能用 that, 而不用 which。例如:
I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room.
e. 以 who 或 which 引导的特殊疑问句, 为避免重复, 只能用 that。例如:
Who is the girl that is crying? f. 主句是 there be 结构, 修饰主语的定语从句用 that, 而不用 which。例如:
There is a book on the desk that belongs to Tom.
单项选择
1. I like music _______ great lyrics.
A. that have B. that has
C. who have D. who has
2. They are talking about things and persons _______ they saw there a few days ago.
A. who B. which C. that D. what
3. This is the highest building _______ I’ve ever seen.
A. which B. that C. what D. where
4. I really didn’t know anything _______ happened to Jim yesterday.
A. which B. whose C. when D. that
5. --- Who is the man _______ is standing over there?
--- Oh, he is my math teacher.
A. who B. whom C. that D. which
答案:1.B 2.C 3.B 4.D 5.C6、关系副词的用法
(1)when 指时间,其先行词表示时间,在句中作时间状语。例如:
This was the time when he arrived.这是他到达的时间。
(2)where 指地点,其先行词表示地点,在句中作地点状语。例如:
This is place where he works.这是他工作的地点。
(3)why 指原因,其先行词是原因,起原因状语作用。例如:
Nobody knows the reason why he is often late for school.
没人知道他为什么上学总迟到。
练习
(1) Shanghai is the city ________ I was born.
A which B that C what D where
(2) The house_________ I lived ten years ago has been pulled down.
A why B that C what D where
(3) I still remember the day__________I first came to the school. A why B when C what D where
(4)The reason _________ he refused the invitation is not clear.
A why B that C what D where
答案:1.D 2.D 3.B 4.A
1.The photo _____ taken by my brother last week is very nice. A.which were
B.that is
C.that were
D.which was
参考答案:D
2.The woman _____ is the most important in my life is my mother.
A.which
B.who
C.whom
D.what
参考答案:B
3.The stories _____ were written by Mark Twain are often humorous.
A.that
B.those
C.who
D.what
参考答案:A
4.—Nowadays WeChat is very popular among friends.
—Yes. It seems to be the best way of communication _____ people like.A.that
B.which
C.who
参考答案:A
5.Everyone _____ has been to Shanghai says it is a modern city.
A.why
B.whose
C.who
D.which
参考答案:C
6.I think the first lesson _____ we are learning is very easy.
A.that
B.where
C.who
D.when
参考答案:A
7.-Why are you so worried?
-I’ve lost the watch _____ my dad bought me on my birthday.
A.whom
B.who
C.whoseD.which
参考答案:D
8.We don’t like people _____ talk too much but never do anything.
A. whose
B. who
C. when
D. which
参考答案:B
9.A friend is someone _____ says, “What! You too? I thought I was the only one!”
A.who
B.which
C.what
D.whose
参考答案:A
10.This is the book _____ tells many English stories.
A.what
B.which
C.who
参考答案:B