2020-2021学年中考英语语法专项讲解训练：被动语态

2020-2021 学年中考英语语法专项讲解训练：被动语态 【 五种基本句型 】 ①主 谓 （无被动语态） ②主 谓 宾 ③主+谓+间宾+直宾 ④主+谓+宾+宾补 ⑤主 系 表 （无被动语态） 被动语态 被动语态的基本结构为：be+done 各种时态的主动、被动语态的结构如下表（以动词 do 为例）： 一．被动语态的用法：在被动语态中，主语是动作的承受者，主要用于下列几种情况： （1）不知道动作的执行者是谁。 如：This watch is made in China． （2）没有必要指出动作的执行者是谁。 如：More trees must be planted every year．。 （3）需要强调或突出动作的承受者时。 如：Chinese is spoken by more and more people in the world． 时态 主动语态 被动语态 一般现在时 do/does am/is/are+done 一般过去时 did was/were+done 现在进行时 am/is/are+doing am/is/are+beingdone 现在完成时 have/has+done have/has+been done 一般将来时 will/shall/be going to + do will/shall/be going to+be done 过去进行时 was/were+doing was/were+being done 过去将来时 would/should/be going to+do would/should/be going to+be done 含有情态动词 can/may/must+do can/may/must+be done（4）句子的主语是动作的承受者。 如：Many houses were washed away by the food． 二、主动语态和被动语态的转换 1．主动语态变为被动语态 （1）要将主动句里的宾语变为被动句中的主语，若主动句中的宾语是人称代词，要将宾语变 成主格。 （2）把主动句中的主语变为被动句中的宾语，主格变成宾格，并用 by 引导。 （3）谓语动词变成相应的被动形式。 主动语态： 动作执行者+谓语动词主动形式+动作承受者 被动语态： 动作承受者+谓语动词被动形式+动作执行者 如：We asked him to sing an English song．(变为被动语态) →He was asked to sing an English song by us． 2．带双宾语的谓语动词变为被动语态 谓语动词带双宾语时，既可以将间接宾语转化成主语，也可以将直接宾语转化为主语。若将间 接宾语转化为主语，则保留直接宾语；若将直接宾语转化为主语则保留间接宾语，且在被保留 的间接宾语前加上介词 to 或 for。 如：She gave me a book．(变为被动语态) →I was given a book by her．(间接宾语 me 改为了主 语) A book was given to me by her．(直接宾语 a book 改为了主语) 3．动词短语变为被动语态 许多由动词和介词、副词构成的动词短语相当于及物动词，可以有宾语，也可以有被动语态。 在变为被动语态时，不可丢掉构成动词短语的介词或副词。 如：We should speak to old men politely．(变为被动语态) Old men should be spoken to politely．(to 不可省略) 4．带复合宾语的动词变为被动语态 宾语加上宾语补足语一起构成复合宾语。变被动语态时，只把宾语变为被动句的主语，宾语补足语保留在原处，成为主语补足语。 如：I heard Jane playing the piano in her room．(变为被动语态) →Jane was heard playing the piano in her room． 5．变被动语态后动词形式的选择 主动句中在感官动词 see，hear，watch，feel，notice 等，及使役动词 let，make，have 等后跟 省略 to 的不定式，变为被动句时，应加上不定式符号 to。 如：He makes the girl stay at home．（变为被动语态） →The girl is made to stay at home by him． 练习： 1. The door of her room _________ every day. A. are not cleaned B. not are cleaned C. is not cleaned D. not is cleaned 2. No rubbish _________ for three weeks. A. collected B. is collected C. has collected D. has been collected 3. By 1980 the bridge _________. A. was completed B. had been completed C. has been completed D. have been completed 4. Another railway bridge _________ there now. A. is building B. is being built C. is built D. has been built 5. He told me that the composition _________ by him. A. was not written B. not was written C. is not written D. not is written 答案：1. C 2. D 3. B 4. B 5. A 1. A talk on Chinese history ____________ in the school hall next week. A. be given B. has been given C. will be given D. will give 答案：C 2. To make our city more beautiful, rubbish ___________ into the river. A. needn’t be thrown B. mustn’t be thrown C. can’t throw D. may not throw 答案：B 3. You may go fishing if your work ___________. A. is done B. will be done C. has done D. have done 答案：A 4. The trees must ___________ three times a week. A. water B. is watering C. be watered D. waters 答案：C 5. —I won’t come to the party unless Sue ___________ , too. —You mean if Sue comes you’ll come? A. will invite B. invites C. invited D. is invited 答案：D 6. I like my new bike. It ___________ very well.A. rides B. is riding C. is ridden D. has ridden 答案：A 7. Mr. Chen has a long voice. His voice can ___________ clearly even in that big classroom. A. hear B. be heard C. be hearing D. have heard 答案：B 8. — It’s time to do your homework, Jack. — Yes , Mum . I’ll turn off the TV as soon as the programme ___________. A. ends B. end C. will be ended D. will end 答案：A 9. You___________ to the meeting, why didn’t you go? A. be invited B. will be invited C. were invited D. are invited 答案：C 10. A lot of trees ___________ along the river last year. A. planted B. are planted C. were planted 答案：C 【实战模拟】 一. 选择填空 1. The rivers smells terrible People must ___________ dirty things into it. A. be stopped to throw B. be stopped from throwing C. stop to throw D. stop form throwing 2. Paper ___________ first invented in China .A. is B. are C. was D. were 3. — Do you like the flower? — Yes, it___________ sweet. A. is smelling B. smelt C. is smelt D. smells 4. It snowed heavily last night. The ground___________ thick snow. A. was covered with B. was filled with C. was made of D. covered with 5. The light in the room___________ before you leave. A. must turn of B. will turn off C. are turned D. must be turned off 6. _________ the kind of question often___________ in your class, Ann? A. Does, ask B. Is, asked C. Has, asked D. Will, ask 7. The bridge___________ in three weeks . A. will build B. is built C. will be built D. builds 8. The old men and the children must ___________ in our country . A. take good care B. be taken good care C. take good care of D. be taken good care of 9. Paul doesn’t have to be made ___________. He always works hard. A. learn B. to learn C. learned D. learning 10. The girl was unhappy because she ___________ by some boys in the class. A. is laughed B. was laughed C. laughed at D. was laughed at 11. We ___________ that the English test ___________ next Monday.A. are told, gives B. tell, will give C. are told, will be given D. told, is going to be given 12. Great changes ___________ place in China since 1978. A. have been taken B. have taken C. has been taken D. took 13.___________ the red pencil-box___________ by your father last week? A. Has, bought B. Was, bought C. Does, buy D. Did , buy 14. Mary___________ many songs at the party. A. heard sing B. heard to sing C. was heard sing D. was heard to sing 15.___________ trees usually___________ in April? A. Have, planted B. Are, planted C. Do, plant D. Were, planted 16. When we got there, the broken road___________ repaired. A. is being B. was being C. has been D. / 17. The windows of the room___________ once a week. A. has been cleaned B. is cleaned C. are cleaned D. are cleaning 18. In 1620, about half the USA___________ forests. A. was covered B. was covered by C. were filled with D. covered with 19. The young tree___________ the stick. A. should be tied to B. must be tied by C. should tie to D. can be tied with 20. A present___________ me by my friend on my birthday. A. is giving B. was given to C. is given for D. will give to 21. By ___________ was the book ___________ ?A. who, wrote B. whom, write C. whom, written D. whom, writing 22. Films about crime and violence（暴力与犯罪）___________ by young children . A. should not see B. should be not seen C. should not be seen D. should be seen 23. In warm weather fruit and meat ___________ long. A. can’t be kept B. don’t keep C. is not kept D. aren’t keeping 24. Half the world’s telephone calls ___________ in English. A. are made B. are making C. make D. is made 25. That building___________ now. A. is building B. is built C. is being built D. builds 26. The trees in our school___________ every Friday afternoon. A. are watered B. are watering C. have watered D. water 27. More “ Great Green Walls ” must___________ all over the world. A. build B. are built C. be building D. be built 28. His school bag ___________ by a woman ten minutes ago. A. took away B. was taken away C. was taken off D. is taken 29. It___________ that she___________ very clever. A. was said, is B. was said, were C. is said, is D. is said, is being 30. Yesterday a visitor___________ something about his hometown. A. was asked B. was asking C. is asked D. asked 31. Do you like this kind of paper? Yes, it___________ very nice.A. is felt B. felt C. is feeling D. feels 32. These books ___________ well. A. sells B. are being sold C. are sold D. sell 33. The boy___________ lost on his way home yesterday. A. got B. is C. gets D. has 34. Though the coat is a bit large now, it___________ me very soon. A. will be fit B. will fit C. fit D. fits 35. Football___________ everywhere in the world. A. is played B. play C. is playing D. plays 36. Everybody here was___________ a present. A. gave B. given C. To give D. Giving 37. A new factory___________ in our city last year. A. built B. has built C. was built D. is building 38. All trees must___________ well when it is dry. A. be watered B. are watered C. water D. be watering 39. This shirt___________ silk. A. must be made in B. make by C. must be made of D. must be made by 40. These books ___________ good care of. A. must taken B. must take C. have to take D. must be taken 41. Stamps ___________ by people for sending letters. A. use B. in using C. used D. are used 42. More trees___________ next year.A. will be planted B. will plant C. have planted D. are planting 43. — When___________ the People’s Republic of China___________? — On October 1.1949. A. did …found B. was …found C. was … founded D. is … founded 44. Today, too many trees are still___________ in the world. A. cutting down B. cut down C. being cut down D. cutted 45. This kind of machine___________ Japan. A. is made by B. is made from C. is made in D. is made of 46. The teacher says that the man will___________. A. be well taken care B. well look after C. take care well D. be well looked after 47. — I think the shop ___________. — No, It’s open. It ___________ at six. A. is close … close B. is closed … closes C. closed … closes D. is closed 48. I was astonished（吃惊）to hear that the colour TV set ___________5 , 000 yuan. A. has cost B. cost C. costed D. was cost 49. Great changes ___________ place since he came here. A. have been taken B. have taken C. has been taken D. has taken 50. He was seen ___________ something from the shop. A. steal B. to steal C. to be stolen D. stealed 51. She has___________ by her classmates.A. laughed B. laughed at C. been laughed D. been laughed at 二. 用正确的时态和语态填空 1. Nearly everybody here___________（know）when the old museum___________ （build）. 2. The building can___________（see）from every part of the city; It ___________（build） many years ago . 3. Yesterday Tom__________（tell）me that his bike_________（break）last week. 4. The students ___________ often___________（tell）to take care of their desks and chairs. 5. Now he___________（be）asked if the meeting__________（hold）next Friday. 6. It is known to all that the moon___________（turn）round the earth. 7. Miss Li often___________（use）a recorder in her English class. But she___________（not use）it tomorrow. 8. Vegetables , eggs and fruits___________（sell）in this shop. 9. English___________（speak）here. 10. The song___________（like）by us all twenty years ago. 11. The pictures___________（take）by Jack tomorrow. 12. The computer___________（can use）in the room. 13. The room___________（paint）now. 14. The novel___________（translate）into many languages since it was published. 15. That clock___________（call）Big Ben. 16. Last week, when I___________ （ask）about English culture, I couldn’t answer it well. 17. What language___________（speak）in your country?18. School football games __________ often ________（hold）on Friday evenings. 19. The film___________（show）again sometime next week. 20. If anything___________（happen）to him, let me know. 21.___________ the pair of new shoes___________（suit）you? 22. The bottle___________（break）by the cat yesterday. 23. A tall tree___________（can , see）in the picture. 24. The sports meeting___________（hold）last week. 25. We___________（tell）yesterday that Jane would come back from Australia. 26. Look, Mr Smith___________（take）to the station by Mark in his car. 27. These trees should___________（water）after they___________（plant）. 28. The TV set___________（make）in Beijing. It __________（make）last April. 29. Colour TVs___________（sell）in that shop. 30. When the People’s Republic of China___________（found）? 31. Have you moved into the new house? Not yet . The rooms___________（paint）now. 32. An American film ___________ often__________（show）on TV on Sundays. 33. She___________（tell）the good news as soon as she arrived. 34. Look ! A big modern bridge___________（build）over the river. 35. Dr. Bethune___________（remember）by the Chinese people forever. 36. A recorder ___________ often___________（use）in our English class.[参考答案] 一. 选择填空 1—5 BCDAD 6—10 BCDBD 11—15 CBBDB 16—20 BCBAB 21—25 CCAAC 26—30 ADBCA 31—35 DCABA 36—40 BCACD 41—45 DACBC 46—50 DBBBB 51. D 二. 用正确的时态和语态填空 1. knows , was built 2. be seen , was built 3. told , was broken 4. are , told 5. is , will be held 6. turns 7. uses , won’t use 8. are sold 9. is spoken 10. was liked 11. will be taken 12. can be used 13. is being painted 14. has been translated 15. is called 16. was asked 17. is spoken 18. are , held 19. will be shown 20. happens 21. Does ,suit 22. was broken 23. can be seen 24. was held 25. were told 26. is being taken 27. be watered , are planted 28. is made , was made 29. are sold 30. was founded 31. are being painted 32. is , shown 33. was told 34. is being built 35. will be remembered 36. is , used