高考英语语法核心考点专项复习05：形容词副词

高考英语语法核心考点专项复习 05：形容词副词 形容词副词是英语学习的基础知识点也是重点，是考试的重点。本专题是从形容词副词的基 本作用、后缀和词性转换、比较等级来讲解。 一、形容词的作用 1. 作定语 He has never seen such a more interesting film.他从来没有看过这么有趣的电影。 2. 作表语 I’m fine, but tired.我身体很好，但很累。 The weather is getting warmer and warmer.天气变得越来越暖和。 3. 主语（宾语）补足语 The fish was caught alive.这条鱼是活抓的。（主语补足语） Now you have to pull it to make the surface smooth like that. 现在你必须拉动它以使表面像这样的光滑。（宾语补足语） 4. 伴随状语 He spent 7days in the wind and snow,cold and hungry. 他在风雪中度过了 7 天，又冷又饿。 She stared into the distance, speechless for a long time. 她盯着远处看，好长时间不讲话。 5. 与定冠词连用表示某一类人或物，在句中可作主语、宾语 The rich and the poor live very different lives.富人和穷人过着不同的生活。二、副词作用 1. 作状语 He worked hard all his life.他一辈子工作努力。 He plays tennis very badly.他网球打得相当糟糕。 2. 作表语 Sorry,Mr.Smith isn’t in.He is out.抱歉，史密斯先生不在，他出去了。 3. 作定语 On our way home,we saw a traffic accident.在回家的路上，我们目睹了一起交通事故。 4. 作宾语补足语 I saw you out with Mr.White yesterday morning. 昨天早上我看到你和史密斯先生出去了。 注意 兼有两种形式的副词 (1)close 与 closely: close 意思是“近”； closely 意思是“仔细地”。 (2)late 与 lately: late 意思是“晚”； lately 意思是“最近”。 (3)deep 与 deeply: deep 意思是“深”，表示空间深度；deeply 时常表示感情上的深度，“深深地”。 (4)high 与 highly: high 表示空间高度；highly 表示程度，相当于 much。 (5)wide 与 widely: wide 表示空间宽度；widely 意思是“广泛地”，“在许多地方”。(6)free 与 freely: free 的意思是“免费”；freely 的意思是“无限制地” 三、形容词、副词的比较等级 解答比较等级这类题目时考生一定要善于判断比较的对象或范围：如果没有比较的对象或范围 就用原级；如果是两者或两方面之间的比较就用比较级；如果是三个或三个以上的人或事物进 行比较那就用最高级。 1．比较级中的两个特殊作用的结构 : The ＋ 比较级 ＋ 句子， the ＋ 比较级 ＋ 句子和 比较级＋ and ＋ 比较级。 前一个句型结构表示的意义是“越(怎么样就)越(怎么样)”，在这个结构中的两个“比较级”不要求 词性一定相同，它们各自的词性要依句子的需要而定；后一个句型结构表示的意义是“越来越(怎 么样)”，在这个结构中的两个“比较级”则要求词性相同。如： The harder you work at your study, the better academic records you will have. 你学习越努力，你的成绩就越好。 The more we have, the more we want.人欲无穷。 When winter is coming , it gets colder and colder.冬天来临之际，天越来越冷了。 He became less and less satisfied with the football team’s performance. 他对足球队的表现越来越不满意了。 2．比较级与否定词连用可表示最高级之意。如： I have never seen a better film than the one I saw last night.我从来没有看过比昨天晚上那部更好的电影。 —Shall we have a short rest?“我们可不可以休息一会儿？” —I can’t agree any more.“非常同意。” 3．as＋形容词或副词原级＋as 像……一样……… 在否定句或疑问句中可用 so… as… He cannot run so/as fast as you.他跑得不如你快。 【专家提醒】 当 as… as 中间有名词时采用以下格式：as ＋形容词＋ a(an) ＋单数名词； as ＋ many/much ＋名词 This is as good an example as the other is.这是一个和另一个一样好的例子。 4．可修饰比较级的程度副词 (1)a bit, a little, rather, much, far, by far, many, a lot, lots, a great deal, any, still, even 等。 (2)还可以用表示倍数的词或度量名词作修饰语。 (3)以上词(除 by far)外，必须置于比较级形容词或副词的前面。 5．than 构成的习语 (1) more B than A　A 不如说 B (2) no more… than… 与……一样……，不比……多 no less… than…与……一样…… (3)more than　，非常(4)rather than 而不是 (5)other than 除……外。 首先要正确理解以下结构的含义： not more...than＝不如…… no more...than＝和……一样不 (否定两者) not less...than＝不如……不 (即指不如 less 后形容词的反面) no less...than＝和……一样 (肯定两者) 比较以下各句的意思： You are more careful than he is. 你比他仔细。 You are not more careful than he is. 你不如他仔细。 You are no more careful than he is. 你和他一样不仔细。 You are less careful than he is. 你不如他仔细(你比他粗心)。 You are not less careful than he is. 你比他仔细(你不如他粗心)。 You are no less careful than he is. 你和他一样仔细。 倍数表示法 (1)……倍数＋形容词(或副词)的比较级＋than。如： ①This rope is twice longer than that one. 这根绳的长度是那根绳的三倍。(比那根绳长二倍) ②This hall is five times bigger than our classroom. 这个大厅比我们的教室大五倍。(是我们教室的六倍)(2)……倍数＋as＋形容词(或 much)或副词＋as。如： ①This big stone is three times as heavy as that one. 这块大石头的重量是那一块的三倍。(这块石头比那块重二倍) ②The plane flew ten times as high as the kite. 那架飞机飞行高度是那个风筝的十倍。(高出九倍) (3)……倍数＋the size(length，height...)of。如： ①This street is four times the length of that street. 这条街是那条街的四倍长。 ②This hill is four times the height of that small one. 这座山的高度是那座小山的四倍。(比那座小山高三倍) 也可用：The height of this hill is four times that of that small one. 四、误区点拨 1． 要避免重复使用比较级。 【误】 He is more cleverer than his brother. 【正】 He is more clever than his brother. 【正】 He is cleverer than his brother. 2． 要避免将主语含在比较对象中。 【误】 China is larger than any country in Asia. 【正】 China is larger than any other country in Asia. 3． 比较的对象要一致。【误】 The weather in China is different from America. 【正】 The weather in China is different from that in America. 【解析】 句意为：中国的天气与美国的天气不同。比较的是天气而不是国家，比较的主 体要一致，因此用 that 代替前面的 weather。 4． 要避免表语形容词用作定语。 【误】 Entering the room, I saw an afraid girl crouching in the corner. 【正】 Entering the room, I saw a frightened girl crouching in the corner. 【解析】 afraid 是表语形容词不能作定语，而 frightened 是过去分词变来的普通形容词， 可以作定语。 5． 不要把连接性副词当连词使用。 (1) 【误】 He takes no interest in studies, instead, he plays tennis all day. 【正】 He takes no interest in studies; instead, he plays tennis all day. 【正】 He takes no interest in studies. Instead, he plays tennis all day. (2) 【误】 The house is not big enough for us, besides, it is too far from town. 【正】 The house is not big enough for us, and besides, it is too far from town. 【正】 The house is not big enough for us. Besides, it is too far from town. 【解析】 instead, besides 等很多词是起连接作用的副词，不能当连词使用，因此它们所在 的句子和前面的句子之间只有语义上的逻辑关系，而句子之间在语法上是独立的，因此前面的 句子要用句号或分号或用 and 并列。 课堂练习 1．When you study the local map，you'll find this town is________ . A．twice the size of that one B．twice as a large town as that C．twice as larger as that one D．twice as larger a town as that 解析：句意：当你研究当地的地图时，你会发现这座城镇是那个的两倍大。倍数的表达方 式：A is ＋倍数＋the＋名词(如 size/length)＋of B；B 项中不定冠词位置错误；C、D 项中 as 后应用形容词原级。 答案：A 2．Believe it or not，swimming is________ as any to lose unwanted weight. A．a way as good B．as a good way C．as a way good D．as good a way 解析：考查固定短语。as...as 表示“和……一样”，固定表达方式有“as＋adj./adv.＋as”“as＋ adj.＋a/an＋n.＋as”等。 答案：D 3．David got a higher grade in the final exam，for，you see，he made ________ mistakes. A．few B．fewer C．little D．less 解析：考查形容词比较级。所填词修饰可数名词 mistakes，且根据题干意思是否定，由前 一分句中的 higher 可知所填词用比较级，因此选 B。答案：B 4．—Do you think that the 11th Chinese National Games were a success? —Yes，________ ！It couldn't be ________ . A．relatively；better B．approximately；worse C．absolutely；better D．fortunately；worse 解析：本题考查副词和形容词在语境中的运用。relatively 相对地，比较地；approximately 大约；absolutely 当然是，绝对正确；fortunately 幸运地。根据语境知，第十一届全运会 绝对是一个成功的盛会，没有比它更好的了，故 C 项正确。 答案：C 5．Of the two cameras，I would prefer ________ one，which is very easy for me to carry. A．a smaller B．the smallest C．a small D．the smaller 解析：考查形容词比较级。由 of the two cameras 可知，总共有两台相机，其中“小的那 台”，应该用比较级 smaller，同时又是“确指”的概念，所以用 the smaller，选 D 项。 答案：D 6 ． When it was his turn to deliver his speech ， ________ ， he walked towards the microphone. A．nervously and embarrassingly B．nervous and embarrassedly C．nervously and embarrassing D．nervous and embarrassed 解析：该题考查形容词作状语。形容词一般作定语，但也可作状语，表状态或结果。如：He lay in bed，awake.再如：Her husband came back，drunk. 答案：D 7．My grandfather is as ________ as a young man and hates sitting around doing nothing all day. A．enthusiastic B．energetic C．talkative D．sensitive 解析：依据后半句 hates sitting around doing nothing all day 可知这里表示“精力充沛的”， 故选 B 项。enthusiastic 热情的；talkative 健谈的；sensitive 敏感的。 答案：B 8．Even students with ________ intelligence can be excellent students after bettering their study habits. A．average B．unusual C．splendid D．popular 解析：考查形容词辨析。average 表示“一般的，平常的”；unusual 表示“异乎寻常的”；splendid 表示“极好的，壮丽的”；popular 则表示“流行的”。根据语意，此处表示“智力一般的学生 在改进学习习惯之后也能变得很出色”，所以选 A 项。 答案：A 9．Young people go to college with the expectation that________ educated people get a higher pay. A．good B．better C．best D．the best 解析：本题考查形容词、副词的比较级。句意为：年轻人上大学，带着这样的期望——得 到更好教育的人会得到更高的工资报酬。所以本题应该选择 B 项。 答案：B10．The increase of the number of the students makes the limited computers not________ to each student. A．available B．affordable C．helpful D．acceptable 解析：考查形容词词义辨析。语境为：学生数量的增加使有限的电脑不够每个学生都使用。 固定短语 be available to 意为“可享受的，可得到的，可使用的”。be helpful to 对……有帮 助的，有益的，有用的；affordable 付得起的，不太昂贵的；acceptable 可接受的，合意的， 可承受的，可忍受的。语境暗示学生多，电脑少，因此应是不够用。 答案：A 11 ． Though many extra planes and trains are used to carry passengers ， traffic tools are still________ needed during the “May Day” holidays. A．eagerly B．badly C．equally D．slightly 解析：考查副词。尽管增加了许多航班和火车班次以便运送旅客，但是在五一假期里交通 工具还很急需。eagerly 热切地；badly 很，非常；equally 平等地；slightly 略微，稍微。 只有 B 项符合语意。 答案：B 12．On snowy days，you have to drive very ________ to avoid traffic accidents. A．cautiously B．neatly C．smoothly D．properly 解析：句意为：在下雪天，你必须谨慎驾车以避免交通事故。cautiously 谨慎地；neatly 整洁地；smoothly 平滑地；properly 适当地。 答案：A13．He was robbed last night，but________ he didn't have much on him then. A．fortunately B．eventually C．certainly D．surprisingly 解析：fortunately 幸运地；eventually 最终；certainly 当然；surprisingly 惊讶地。句意为： 他昨晚被抢劫了，但幸运的是那时他身上没有多少钱。 答案：A 14．Sorry, somebody borrowed the book last week，but I'll let you know once it is________ . A．possible B．probable C．available D．punctual 解析：句意为：对不起，上周有人把书借走了，但一旦有的话，我会让你知道。available 可得到的；probable 可能的；punctual 准时的。 答案：C 15．This new kind of chemicals will help keep the air，soil and water________ from pollution. A．free B．empty C．loose D．short 解析：句意为：这种新的化学物质将有助于使空气、土壤和水免受污染。此处 free 表示“免 于，不受……影响的”，和 from 搭配。 答案：A 16．—Jack is really a brave guy. —So he is.And we can't admire his courage________ . A．too much B．a lot C．very much D．a little 解析：考查固定结构。从语意看，答话人也认为 Jack 是个勇敢的男孩，用 can't ...too much 表示“再……也不为过”。语意：我们非常欣赏他的勇气。 答案：A 17．My mom once worked in a very small village school，which is________ only on foot. A．acceptable B．adequate C．accessible D．appropriate 解析：考查形容词辨析。句意为：我妈妈曾经在一个小村庄的学校教书，这所学校只有步 行才能到达。这里用 accessible 表示“可进入的，可接近的”。acceptable 可接受的；adequate 适当的，充分的；appropriate 合适的，适当的。 答案：C 18．—Do you like the place of interest? —On the contrary，it's the________ place that I want to visit. A．worst B．last C．best D．latest 解析：考查形容词辨析。根据答语中的 On the contrary 可知，答话者对这个地方不满意。B 项的 last 表示“最不可能的”，即那是我最不想参观的地方。 答案：B 19．After the accident, the names of injured passengers who have been sent to hospitals were published online and updated ________. A．extremely B．constantly C．vivitly D．particularly 解析：考查副词辨析。语意表示在事故发生之后，受伤并被送往医院治疗的乘客名单被公 布到网上，并且不断得到更新。用 constantly 表示“经常地，持续不断地”。 答案：B20．When you arrive at the airport, you can wait for our car to pick you up, or, ________， you may just get into a taxi and come directly to our company. A．instantly B．accidentally C．clearly D．alternatively 解析：考查副词辨析。语意表示“到达机场之后你可以等我们的车来接你，或者也可以直 接打车来公司”，用 alternatively 表示(引出第二种选择或可能的建议)“要不，或者”。 答案：D 1. How beautifully she sings! I have never heard _____ voice. A. a better B. a best C. the better D. the best 2. Professor White has written some short stories, but he is _____ known for his plays. A. the best B. more C. better D. the most 3. The plane flew smoothly ______ in the sky and people spoke ______ of the experienced pilot. A. high；high B. highly；highly C. high；highly D. highly；high4. —— What do you think of the concert? —— Oh, it was______success. A. a very B. quite a C .so D. really 5. I haven’t seen______ this since I collected stamps. A. as old a stamp as B. so an old stamp as C. stamp as old as D. as an old stamp a 6.The task is too much for me, so I can’t carry on ______any longer. I must get some help. A. singly B.simply C.alone D.lonely 7. Have your working conditions improved? ---No, ______than before, I’m afraid. A. no better B.a little batter C.not worse D.no worse 8. To their great relief, the missing child returned home, ______, after an absence of two weeks. A. felt tired and sound B. tiring and soundly C. feeling tired but soundly D. tired but sound 9. We must keep our room clean, for dirt and disease go______, you know. A. hand in hand B. step by step C. from time ti time D. one after another 10. ——How are you getting on with your classmates? ——______. I’ve got to know them all.A. Far better B. Much pleased C. Very comfortable D. Very good 11. It is always difficult being in a foreign country, __________if you don’t speak the language. A.extremely B.naturally C.basically D.especially 12. It is generally believed that teaching is ___________it is a science. A.an art much as B.much an art as C.as an art much as D.as much an art as 13．—Jim, are you ______this Saturday? —Oh, sorry. I need to go to the bookshop ______the bank on Saturday. A．convenient; and B．convenient; as well as C．available; with D．available; as well as 14.This new kind of chemicals will help keep the air, soil and water ______from pollution. A. free B. empty C. loose D. short 15．—How is your father? —He’s fine. He’s ______to play tennis every Sunday. A. enough active still B. enough still active C. still active enough D. still enough active16.—Which team is________to win the game? —I don’t know, but I’ve found________for ours to win. A. probable; it unlikely B. likely; it possible C. possible; it possible D. likely; it possibly 17. He didn’t understand the ________question, so there was a________expression on his face. A. puzzling; puzzled B. puzzling; puzzling C. puzzled; puzzled D. puzzled; puzzling 18. It was raining heavily. Little Mary felt cold, so she stood________to her mother. A. close B. closely C. closed D. closing 19．I can’t give you an answer right now. I’d like________more time to consider my decision. A．still B．fairly C．quite D．a lot 20. I spent ________time doing the job, but I didn’t do any better than he. A．as twice B．twice much C．twice much as D．twice as much 【参考答案】1-5ACCBA 6-10CADAA 11-15DDDAC 16-20BAAAD