2021 年全国卷高中英语《经济学人》外刊新高考培优讲义[06-07]
作文素材阅读理解语法词汇拓展积累
(含词汇讲解、长难句解析、翻译技巧、背景知识、写作积累:均由阿满编写)
原文[续 06-06]
Yet low pay leads to policies that complicate the labour-market adjustment.
Instead of bumping off excess labour, rich economies provide some social support:
unemployment benefits, social security or disability payments, and assistance with
housing and food. When the jobs on offer are poor, that cushion, though meagre,
can be enough to draw people out of the labour force into indolence—particularly if
families offer extra help.
但是由低工资催生的政策会让劳动力市场的调节变得更加复杂。发达经济体并
没有消除过剩的劳动力,而是提供了一些社会支持:失业救济、社保或是残疾人补
贴,还有住房和食物援助。当市场上提供的工作报酬很低时,这些缓冲手段即便微
薄,也足以让人脱离劳动力队伍,陷入好逸恶劳的状态,尤其是当家人也提供帮助
的时候。
词汇讲解
.complicatecomplicate 在文中这里是它的常见含义“使(某事)复杂化”(to make a
problem or situation more difficult)。这里我想补充另一个用法,complicate 还可以
表示“使疾病的症状恶化” (to make an illness worse)。
o The situation is complicated by the fact that I've got to work late
on Friday.
o To complicate matters further, differences exist as regards legal
systems, trade customs and language.
o a heart condition complicated by pneumonia
o An infection can complicate an injury.
complicate 的衍生词汇 complicated 同义词拓展
complex, complicated, sophisticated, intricate 都包含“复杂的”的含义。
o complex 侧重内在关系的复杂,需通过仔细研究与了解才能掌握和
运用。
o complicated 和 complex 的含义接近,但语气更强,着重极其复
杂,很难分析、分辨或解释。
o sophisticated 侧重指事物发展到或达到高级的程度所体现出的复
杂。
o intricate 着重指错综复杂,令人迷惑理解。
.bump off
bump sb off 即是 kill or murder sb,并且带有 casually 和 cold-bloodedly 的意
味,因而可理解为汉语中的“干掉”。文中这里用 bump off excess labour 来描述消
除过剩劳动力,很生动。
.meagre
文中释义:微薄
meagre 常用来描述食物、钱等满足不了需求,即“少量的”或者“劣质的”。
常见搭配有 meagre income/earnings/wages etc
o a meagre meal of bread and cheese 只有面包和奶酪的一餐
o her meagre contribution to our funds 她给我们基金的微薄捐款
o Our appeal for help met with a meagre response. 我们求助的呼吁
反应冷淡
.indolence
indolence 即是 laziness,尤其表示逃避工作的那种“好逸恶劳”。(The noun
indolence means a habit of laziness, especially when avoiding work.)
同样的,indolent 等同于 lazy。
写作积累•Instead of bumping off excess labour, rich
economies provide some social support: unemployment benefits, social
security or disability payments, and assistance with housing and food. 发达经
济体并没有消除过剩的劳动力,而是提供了一些社会支持:失业救济、社保
或是残疾人补贴,还有住房和食物援助。
•When the jobs on offer are poor, that cushion, though meagre, can be
enough to draw people out of the labour force into indolence—particularly if
families offer extra help. 当市场上提供的工作报酬很低时,这些缓冲手段即
便微薄,也足以让人脱离劳动力队伍,陷入好逸恶劳的状态,尤其是当家人
也提供帮助的时候。
--- 未完待续 ---