2021 年全国卷高中英语《经济学人》外刊新高考培优讲义[06-06]
作文素材阅读理解语法词汇拓展积累
(含词汇讲解、长难句解析、翻译技巧、背景知识、写作积累:均由阿满编写)
原文[续 06-05]
The analogy with horses can clearly be taken too far. Yet the experience
is instructive. Automation is reducing human wages; Messrs Acemoglu and
Restrepo reckon that one additional industrial robot per thousand workers reduces
wages across the economy by 0.5%. Real wage growth in many rich economies has
been disappointing for much of the past two decades. Low wages are enabling some
reallocation of workers. An overwhelming share of the growth in employment in rich
economies over the past few decades has been in services, nearly half in low-
paying fields like retailing and hospitality. Employment in such areas has been able
to grow, in part, because of an abundance of cheap labour.
拿马来做类比显然可能会扯得太远,但这一经验仍具有启发性。自动化正在导
致人类的工资下降。阿西莫格鲁和雷斯特雷珀认为,每千名工人配备的工业机器人
每增加一台,整个经济的工资便下降 0.5%。在过去 20 年的大部分时间里,很多发达
经济体实际工资的增长都令人失望。低工资使得一些工人能被重新安置。在过去几
十年发达经济体的就业增长中,服务业占有压倒性比例,其中近一半是低工资行
业,如零售和餐旅业。这些领域的就业之所以能够增长,充足的廉价劳动力是原因
之一。词汇讲解
.analogy
analogy 可以表示“相似”、“类似”、“类比”、“类推”这类含义
(something that seems similar between two situations, processes etc)。常见搭配有
analogy with/to/between, draw/make an analogy (=make a comparison), by
analogy with
o analogies between human and animal behavior
o She drew an analogy between childbirth and the creative process.
o Dr Wood explained the movement of light by analogy with (=using
the analogy of) the movement of water.
相关构词知识拓展
词汇拆解:analogy = ana- (upon, according to) + -logy
构词成分:常见词缀 -logy 在这里指“表达” (expression)
示例补充:phraseology, tautology
相关拓展:词缀 -logy 还可以表达“论”、“学”、“研究” (doctrine;
theory; science) 这类含义
示例补充:ethnology, mineralogy, sociology, theology, zoology
相关同义词拓展
similarity, resemblance, analogy, likeness 均可以表示“相似”或者“类似”。o similarity 指不同的人或事物在外表、特征、程度或性质等方面有
某些相似之处。
o resemblance 指外观或性质有相似之处。
o analogy 指外表或实质均不相同的事物对比之下的类似之处。
o likeness 普通用词,指人或物从外观看去,有很明显的相似之处,
或完全相似。
.instructive
同义于 informative 和 enlightening,表示“传达知识或信息的”、“启蒙
的”、“有启发的” (providing a lot of useful information)
.wage
相关用法辨析:income, pay, wages, salary, fee
income 是其中最普通的常用词汇,用以指从工作﹑投资等所得的钱。它可以指
挣来的收入,也可指并非挣来的收入 (it can be earned or unearned income)。
pay 一般用以指雇主定期付给的工资。(pay is a general word for money we
regularly receive from an employer for work done.)
o pay-day 指每星期[每月]领取工资的日子
wages 按星期(有时按日)发放,通常为现款 (in cash)。wages 通常按小时﹑
日﹑星期计算,或者按完成一定的工作量计算 (they are based on an hourly, daily or
weekly rate or on a certain amount of work done.)。
o postman's wages are 180 per week. 邮递员的工资为每周 180 英镑salary 按月支付,常直接拨入领取者的银行账户内。salary 有时可以表示“年收
入” (the amount of salary received is quoted at a yearly rate)。办公室职员领取的
薪水通常叫做 salary (professional people and those who work in offices receive a
salary)。
o a salary of 12000 a year/per annum 每年 12000 英镑的薪水
o The company is offering a salary of 20000 per annum. 这家公司招
聘职员,年薪为 20000 英镑
fee 是付给律师﹑医生等的报酬。(a fee is a payment to a lawyer, doctor, etc for
professional services)
o I thought the accountant's fee rather high.我认为那个会计师收费
很高
. reckon
文中释义:认为
reckon 表示“计算”的时候,可作为 calculate 的同义词。文中这里指“认
为”,可作为 consider 的同义词。
相关同义词拓展
consider, think, believe, count, deem, reckon, regard 这些动词均含有“认为”
的含义。
o consider 指经过考虑和观察后得出的结论。
o think 普通用词,指按照自己的意见提出看法。
o believe 通常指根据一定的证据,经思考后而认为属实。o count 指作出判断后而得出的看法等。
o deem 正式用词,常用于法律、文学,强调作判断而不是思考。
o reckon 指对人或事作全面“权衡”,把各方面意见考虑进去后得
出结论。
o regard 侧重凭外表或表面现象作判断。多强调观点。
翻译技巧
翻译知识点:英汉语言文化的繁复与简单对比
分析:英语是一种重形合的语言,连淑能认为英语“造句注重形式接应(formal
cohesion),要求结构完整,句子以形寓意,以法摄神,严密而规范,采用的是焦
点句法”。 形合语言其句中充满丰富的连接手段和形式,有连接词,还有词缀变化
等显性连接手段。
汉语则是一种意合语言,“造句注重意念连贯(semantic coherence),不求结
构齐整,句子以意役形,以神统法,因而流泻铺排,采用的是散点句法。
在《英汉对比研究》一书中,连淑能先生表示,西洋人做文章把语言化零为整,
中国人做文章几乎可以说是化整为零。因此英译汉时常常要破句重组, 化繁为简:
1. In the doorway lay at least twelve umbrellas of all sizes and colours.
门口放着一堆雨伞, 少说也有十二把, 五颜六色, 大小不一。
(比较: 门口放着至少有十二把五颜六色、大小不一的雨伞。)2. There are many wonderful stories to tell about the places I visited and the
people I met.
我访问了一些地方,遇到了不少人。要谈起来,奇妙的事儿可多着哩。
(比较:关于我所访问的一些地方和遇见的不少人有许多奇妙的故事可以
讲。)
3. Can you answer a question which I want to ask and which is puzzling me?
我有一个问题弄不懂,想请教你,你能回答吗?
(比较:你能回答一个使我弄不懂而又想问你的问题吗?)
本段中,An overwhelming share of the growth in employment in rich
economies over the past few decades has been in services, nearly half in low-paying
fields like retailing and hospitality. 是由一个逗号分隔开来的两个部分,但在翻译成
中文的时候,则有了三个逗号,将句子分成了四个部分,就是尽量做到照顾中文以
简单句为主的思维。
参考文献:连淑能. 英汉对比研究[M].北京:高等教育出版社, 2010. 97
写作积累
•The analogy with horses can clearly be taken too far. Yet the
experience is instructive. 拿马来做类比显然可能会扯得太远,但这一经验仍
具有启发性。•Automation is reducing human wages 自动化正在导致人类的工资下降
•one additional industrial robot perthous and
workers reduces wages across the economy by 0.5% 每千名工人配备的工业
机器人每增加一台,整个经济的工资便下降 0.5%
•Real wage growth in many rich economies has been disappointing for
much of the past two decades. 在过去 20 年的大部分时间里,很多发达经济
体实际工资的增长都令人失望。
•Low wages are enabling some reallocation of workers. 低工资使得一些
工人能被重新安置。
•An overwhelming share of the growth in employment in rich
economies over the past few decades has been in services, nearly half in low-
paying fields like retailing and hospitality.在过去几十年发达经济体的就业增
长中,服务业占有压倒性比例,其中近一半是低工资行业,如零售和餐旅
业。
•an abundance of cheap labour 充足的廉价劳动力
--- 未完待续 ---