Unit 5 Nelson Mandela—a modern hero
能力提升卷
班级___________ 姓名___________ 学号____________ 分数____________
（考试时间：60 分钟 试卷满分：100 分）
一、阅读理解（每小题 2 分，满分 30 分）
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的 A、B、C 和 D 四个选项中,选出最佳选项。
A
Welcome to Holker Hall & Gardens
Visitor Information
How to Get to Holker
By Car:Follow brown signs on A590 from J36, M6. Approximate travel
times:Windermere—20 minutes, Kendal—25 minutes, Lancaster—45 minutes,
Manchester—1 hour 30 minutes.
By Rail: The nearest station is Cark-in-Cartmel with trains to Carnforth, Lancaster and
Preston for connections to major cities & airports.
Opening Times
Sunday—Friday(closed on Saturday)11:00 am—4:00 pm, 30th March—2nd November.
Admission Charges
Hall & Gardens Gardens
Adults: ￡12.00 ￡8.00
Groups: ￡9.00 ￡5.50
Special Events
Producers' Market 13th April
Join us to taste a variety of fresh local food and drinks. Meet the producers and get some
excellent recipe ideas.
Holker Garden Festival 30th May
The event celebrates its 22nd anniversary with a great show of the very best of
gardening, making it one of the most popular events in gardening.
National Garden Day 28th August
Holker once again opens its gardens in aid of the disadvantaged. For just a small
donation you can take a tour with our garden guide.
Winter Market 8th November
This is an event for all the family. Wander among a variety of shops selling gifts while
enjoying a live music show and nice street entertainment.
1.How long does it probably take a tourist to drive to Holker from Manchester?
A.20 minutes. B.25 minutes. C.45 minutes. D.90 minutes.
2.How much should a member of a tour group pay to visit Hall & Gardens?
A.￡12.00. B.￡9.00. C.￡8.00. D.￡5.50.
3.Which event will you go to if you want to see a live music show?
A.Producers' Market. B.Holker Garden Festival.
C.National Garden Day. D.Winter Market.
答案
[语篇解读] 本文是一篇应用文,介绍了到达 Holker 的方式、参观时间、参观费用和特殊
活动。
1.D 细节理解题。根据题干中的 from Manchester 直接定位到文章 How to Get to Holker
部分中的 Manchester—1 hour 30 minutes,故选 D 项。
2.B 细节理解题。根据题干中的 a tour group 和 Hall & Gardens 直接定位到文章
Admission Charges 部分中的 Groups:￡9.00,故选 B 项。
3.D 细节理解题。根据题干中的 see a live music show 直接定位到文章 Winter Market 部
分中的 enjoying a live music show,故选 D 项。
B
Today, paper-making is a big business. But it is still possible to make paper by hand
since the steps are the same as using big machines.
You should use paper with small amounts of printing. Old envelopes are good for this
reason. Colored paper also can be used, as well as small amounts of newspaper. Small pieces
of rags or cloth can be added. These should be cut into pieces about five centimeters by five
centimeters.
Everything is placed in a container, covered with water and brought to a boil. It is mixed
for about two hours with some common chemicals and then allowed to cool. Then it is left
until most of the water dries up. The substance left, called pulp(纸浆), can be stored until you
are ready to make paper.
When you are ready, the pulp is mixed with water again. Then the pulp is poured into a
mould. The mould is made of small squares of wire that hold the shape and thickness of the
paper. To help dry the paper, the mould lets the water flow through the small wire squares.
After several more drying steps, the paper is carefully lifted back from the mould. It is
now strong enough to be touched. The paper is smoothed and pressed to remove trapped air.
You can use a common electric iron used for pressing clothes.
4.It is suggested that we “should choose paper with small amounts of printing” to .
A.make paper by ourselves B.renew the old envelopes
C.make various colored paper D.create our own newspaper
5.Whether the paper is strong enough to be touched is determined by .
A.how long the pulp is stored B.how thick the paper is
C.how much water remains D.what type of chemicals are used
6.When the paper is lifted back from the mould, it is time to .
A.make it smooth B.make it strong C.decorate it D.use an iron
7.The passage is most probably intended to .
A.introduce the history of paper-making
B.describe the process of paper-making
C.compare the ancient with the modern paper-making
D.argue about the possibility of paper-making by hand
答案
[语篇解读] 本文属于说明文,作者讲述了如何手工做纸,并详细介绍了手工做纸的程序
和方法。
4.A 推理判断题。根据第一段第二句 But it is still possible to make paper by hand since
the steps are the same as using big machines.可知主要讲述的是手工做纸的话题,所以在第
二段中提出要选择那些印刷内容较少的纸张,目的就是自己做纸。故 A 正确。
5.C 推理判断题。根据第三段第三句 Then it is left until most of the water dries up. The
substance left, called pulp(纸浆), can be stored until you are ready to make paper.以及最后一
段中的 After several more drying steps...可知剩下的水越少,说明纸浆就越多,那么生产出
来的纸的质量也就越好,能够硬到让人去触摸。故 C 正确。
6.A 细节理解题。根据最后一段中的 The paper is smoothed and pressed to remove trapped
air. You can use a common electric iron used for pressing clothes.说明当纸从模具里拿出来
以后,要对它进行熨烫,让它变平。故 A 正确。
7.B 主旨大意题。作者在本文中讲述的是如何手工做纸,并详细介绍了手工做纸的程序
和方法。所以本文主要就是描述做纸的过程,故 B 正确。
C
As trees across the northern areas turn gold and deep red, you can find autumn colors in
parks and woodlands, in the cities, countryside, and mountains. People are wondering what
these colors are for. For years, scientists have worked to understand the changes that happen
to trees in the autumn. Up to now there have been different explanations for why natural
selection makes autumn colors so widespread.
Dr.Hamilton from Oxford University proposed that bright autumn leaves contained a
message: they warn insects to leave them alone. In the autumn, insects choose trees where
they will lay eggs. When the larvae(幼虫)come out the next spring, they feed on the trees,
often with a result of destruction of the trees. Dr. Hamilton suggested that trees could ward off
these insects with poisons. They could have strong defenses by letting egg-laying insects
know what was in store for their eggs.
Dr.Hamilton and his students turned the theory into a mathematical model, which
showed that warning signals could indeed drive the evolution(进化)of bright leaves. It was a
first attempt to see what was out there.
A research team from the University of Wisconsin gave a quite different explanation. “If
you are up here in Wisconsin, by the time leaves change, all the insects that feed on leaves are
gone,” Dr. Hoch said. He believed that autumn colors served mainly as protection.
According to Dr. Hoch and his team, autumn colors might be able to protect the leaves
from sun damage or frost(冰冻)injury—in other words, they actually act as a sunscreen to
avoid the destruction of the leaves. Besides, autumn colors might protect the leaves from
water loss. If the cells in the leaves become dry, the connections between the cells will be
weakened and the leaves will break off.
Although there are different explanations about autumn colors, it has really given them a
deeper concern for this time of year. “People sometimes say that science makes the world less
interesting by just explaining things away,” one famous biologist said.“But with autumn
leaves, the more you know about them, the more amazed you will be.”
8.According to Dr. Hamilton, there is a connection between .
A.the size of leaves and the survival of insects
B.the size of leaves and the behavior of insects
C.the size of leaves and the quality of insects
D.the size of leaves and the number of insects
9.Dr. Hoch and his team give the explanation that .
A.climate has an influence on the color of the leaves
B.sun damage and frost injury drive the insects away
C.the color of autumn leaves has a protective function
D.autumn colors bring great destruction to the leaves
10.The underlined phrase “ward off” in Paragraph 2 probably means“ ”.
A.catch B.attract C.ignore D.prevent
11.Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?
A.The evolution of colorful leaves
B.The secret to autumn leaves' changes
C.The charming autumn colors
D.The role of leaves' being protection
答案
[语篇解读] 秋天到了,叶子成了金黄色。在我们眼中这是美丽的秋景,可是科学家们却在
研究叶子变成黄色是为了什么。秋天的叶子里藏着什么秘密?
8.D 推理判断题。根据第二段中 In the autumn, insects choose trees where they will lay
eggs. When the larvae(幼虫)come out the next spring, they feed on the trees, often with a
result of destruction of the trees.可知幼虫以树叶为食,所以树叶的大小和昆虫的数量有关
系。故选 D 项。
9.C 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中 According to Dr. Hoch and his team, autumn colors
might be able to protect the leaves from sun damage or frost(冰冻)injury—in other words,
they actually act as a sunscreen to avoid the destruction of the leaves.可知秋天的树叶有保护
作用,金黄色保护叶子免受伤害,故选 C 项。
10.D 词义猜测题。根据第二段画线词前一句 When the larvae(幼虫)come out the next
spring, they feed on the trees, often with a result of destruction of the trees.和后一句 They
could have strong defenses by letting egg-laying insects know what was in store for their
eggs.可知画线词的意思是“阻止”,故选 D。
11.B 主旨大意题。根据第一段第一句 As trees across the northern areas turn gold and deep
red, you can find autumn colors in parks and woodlands, in the cities, countryside, and
mountains.和最后一段中 “But with autumn leaves, the more you know about them, the more
amazed you will be.”可知本文叙述的是秋天树叶变化的秘密。故选 B 项。
D
If you've ever had to chop an onion, you probably know that it's one of the most
annoying cooking experiences. It just fills your eyes with tears. Scientists and farmers have
been working on a solution to this problem for decades, and they've apparently come up with
a tearless onion.
Called the “Sunion”, this new vegetable is the result of a natural cross-breeding program
that's been going on farms in Nevada and Washington since the 1980s. It's supposedly a
sweet, mild-tasting onion that doesn't leave that strong, pungent aftertaste, but what really sets
it apart from most other onion varieties is that it doesn't cause teary eyes when it's chopped.
When you cut into a normal onion, it releases a compound called lachrymatory-factor
synthase, and when that hits your eyes, your body produces tears. Now, the interesting thing
about regular onions is that the amounts of lachrymatory-factor synthase increase the longer
the vegetables are stored, so the older they are, the more you will cry. In Sunions, on the other
hand, the levels of that annoying compound drop as time goes by, until it no longer has any
effect on your eyes when you cut it.
That's what Sunion growers are claiming anyway, but reports from those lucky enough to
have tried them seem to confirm these claims. The Huffington Post had three of its reporters
chop some Sunions, and apparently, none of them shed a single tear. According to the
Washington Post, they don't have the pungency of regular onions and are so sweet that you
can eat them “like popcorn”.
So the good news is that tearless onions are now a real thing. The bad news is that they
are currently only grown in Washington and Nevada, and even though they are sold
nationwide, they are still in relatively short supply. The first Sunion batches hit the shelves of
grocery stores in December, but we'll probably start seeing them in most grocery shops and
supermarkets in the next few years, as more people learn about them.
12.What is special about the Sunion?
A.It's easily chopped. B.It's sweet and tastes strong.
C.It's tearless and mild. D.It's grown nationwide in the USA.
13.How does the author introduce the Sunion in Paragraph 3?
A.By comparison. B.By telling a story.
C.By giving examples. D.By asking questions.
14.What does the underlined word “pungency” in Paragraph 4 mean?
A.Round shape. B.Strong smell.
C.Special character. D.Medical function.
15.What can we conclude from the last paragraph?
A.The Sunion has been largely on the market.
B.The Sunion is still on trial at present.
C.The Sunion will soon be grown worldwide.
D.The author is confident about the future of the Sunion.
答案
[语篇解读] 有过切洋葱经历的人一定会印象深刻:两眼泪水。美国两个州研究出了一种
新型的洋葱,不会让人流泪而且还可以像吃玉米花那样吃它。
12.C 细节理解题。根据文章第一段最后一句中的 they've apparently come up with a
tearless onion 及第二段中 It's supposedly a sweet, mild-tasting onion that doesn't leave that
strong, pungent aftertaste, but what really sets it apart from most other onion varieties is that it
doesn't cause teary eyes when it's chopped.可知这种洋葱不会让人流眼泪且气味不浓。故选
C 项。
13.A 推理判断题。根据文章第三段可知,作者用普通洋葱与新型洋葱进行比较,故作者
是运用了比较法。故选 A 项。
14.B 词义猜测题。根据其后半句 are so sweet that you can eat them “like popcorn”可以猜
测出 pungency 是“刺激性气味”之意。故选 B 项。
15.D 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中 The first Sunion batches hit the shelves of
grocery stores in December,but we'll probably start seeing them in most grocery shops and
supermarkets in the next few years,as more people learn about them.可知作者对 Sunion 的未
来很有信心。故选 D。
二.完形填空（每小题 1.5 分，满分 30 分）
阅读下面短文,从短文后各题所给的 A、B、C 和 D 四个选项中,选出可以填入空白处
的最佳选项。
My daughter is a single parent. She works hard to 1 for herself and her three young
sons. She budgets(谨慎花钱) carefully and 2 to plan for the little luxuries (奢侈品) and
treats that others take for granted. When her eldest son, David, wanted a 3 so that he
could do an after-school newspaper delivery job, she 4 and soon, he was the proud 5
of a good second-hand bike.
One afternoon, my daughter asked David to go to a local shop. He rode his bicycle, 6
foolishly left it outside the shop 7 locking it up. When David came out of the shop, it was
8 . He walked home in 9 and then, together with his frustrated mother, went to the local
police station to report the 10 .
Imagine their 11 when they arrived at the station: a car parked out front had David’ s
bike wedged (把……挤入) in its boot (汽车后部的行李箱). The 12 told them how he’ d
seen a group of kids 13 the bike once my grandson had gone inside the shop.
The driver — in his late teens himself — called out to them to "leave that bike 14 ".
Despite this, one member of the group 15 on the bicycle and rode it away while the
others followed. Not to be 16 , the teen got in his car, drove after them and 17 that
they give the stolen bike back.
He was 18 to be able to return it to my grandson together with a lecture about the
silliness of 19 to use the bike lock. 20 , in all the excitement, he slipped away,
without even giving them his name or telephone number.
1 A.stand B.provide C.change D.watch
2 A.permits B.refuses C.manages D.decides
3 A.bicycle B.watch C.phone D.backpack
4 A.gave out B.set aside C.saved up D.worked out
5 A.biker B.worker C.seller D.owner
6 A.and B.but C.so D.when
7 A.without B.against C.except D.by
8 A.left B.missed C.broken D.gone
9 A.laughter B.trouble C.tears D.peace
10 A.danger B.theft C.accident D.fight
11 A.joy B.regret C.anger D.disappointment
12 A.policeman B.manager C.teacher D.driver
13 A.ride B.fix C.steal D.knock
14 A.out B.off C.away D.alone
15 A.jumped B.touched C.walked D.moved
16 A.annoyed B.upset C.confused D.discouraged
17 A.advised B.demanded C.insisted D.ordered
18 A.grateful B.surprised C.happy D.determined
19 A.learning B.teaching C.reminding D.failing
20 A.Besides B.Then C.Finally D.Therefore
【答案】
1．B2．C3．A4．C5．D6．B7．A8．D9．C10．B11．A12．D13．C14．D15．A16
．D17．B18．C19．D
20．B
【解析】1．根据首句"My daughter is a single parent"可知,作者的女儿是个单亲母亲, 她
努力工作来养活她自己和三个儿子,故选 B。provide for"为……提供生计,赡养"。
2．根据下文她为孩子买自行车的事可知,她认真预算,设法买一些对她来说是"奢侈品",而
其他人认为是理所当然要买的东西。manage to do sth."设法做某事",故选 C。
3．根据空后的"a good second-hand bike"可知,她的大儿子想要一辆自行车,所以选 A。
4．give out "被用完";set aside"把……撇开";save up"储蓄";work out"算出,解决"。根据上
下文可知她积攒了钱给孩子买自行车,故选 C。
5．根据语境可知,David 从期盼者变成了自行车的拥有者,故选 D。
6．根据上下文可知, 作者的女儿让 David 骑车前往商店,但是他忘了锁车,前后为转折关
系,所以选 B。
7．根据上下文可知,他骑车前往商店,但是没有锁上自己的自行车,所以选 A。without 意
为"没有"。
8．根据下文"He walked home"可知,自行车不见了,故选 D。gone 意为"不复存在"。B 项
若为 missing 亦可。
9．根据上文可知来之不易的自行车不见了,所以 David 很伤心,故选 C。
10．根据下文可知,他们母子两人一起到警察局报告这次被盗事件,所以选 B。theft"失窃"。
11．根据情理可推知,当他们看到自行车就在警察局门口的情景,他们很开心,故选 A。joy"
开心"; regret"遗憾"; anger"生气"; disappointment"失望"。
12．根据语境可知,一辆小汽车停在警察局门口,后备箱里装着 David 的自行车,所以此人
应该是司机,所以选 D。
13．从上文可知,司机在叙述事件经过:作者的外孙进入商店后有一群孩子偷了他的自行
车,故选 C。
14．leave sth. alone 是个固定词组,意思是"别碰"。根据语境可知这位司机看到后大喊:别
动那辆自行车,故选 D。
15．根据下文叙述可知有一个人跳上了自行车,把车骑走了,故选 A。
16．根据下文可知眼看着自行车被偷走了,司机也不气馁,所以选 D。annoyed"恼怒";upset"
心烦意乱的";confused "困惑的";discouraged"气馁的"。
17．根据语境可知这个司机开车去追他们,而且强烈要求他们归还所窃取的自行车,故选
B。demand 意为"强烈要求",注意其后宾语从句使用了虚拟语气。
18．据倒数第二段所描述的司机的所作所为来看,他很高兴能物归原主,故选 C。
19．根据上文叙述可知,作者的外孙是因为没有给自行车上锁而把它弄丢的,故选 D。fail
to 意为"未能(做)……, 没能(做)……"。
20．根据前后两句的逻辑关系可知,此处表示时间上的顺承关系,司机觉得他说完了该说
的,就走了,故选 B。
三、语法填空 （每小题 1 分，满分 10 分）
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Nelson Mandela, 1 (born) on July 18,1918, is the first black president of South
Africa. He studied law 2 he entered university. Then in 1952 he set up a law office 3
(help) poor black people. Because of his fight 4 the government and anti-black laws, he
5 (sentence) to five years' hard labour. After that ANC Youth League he 6 (form) in
1944 began 7 (blow) up buildings in 1963 and he was sentenced to life imprisonment in
1964 on Robben Island. Twenty six years 8 (late), he was freed. In 1994 he 9
(make)President of South Africa and the government by and for the black people was 10
(final) set up.
Nelson Mandela was really a great man!
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
答案
1.born 考查非谓语动词。be born 出生,此处用过去分词短语作后置定语。
2.after 考查连词。句意:进入大学之后,他学习法律。
3.to help 考查非谓语动词。此处作目的状语,故填动词不定式。
4.against 考查介词。his fight against...他反对……的斗争。
5.was sentenced 考查时态和语态。sentence 为及物动词,意为“判刑”,故此处需用被动语
态,结合上下文可知应用一般过去时态。
6.formed 考查时态。根据时间状语 in 1944 可知应用一般过去时态。
7.to blow/blowing 考查非谓语动词。begin to do/doing...开始做……。
8.later 考查副词。“一段时间+later”表示“多长时间以后”。
9.was made 考查时态和语态。此处表示他被选为南非总统。故用被动语态。
10.finally 考查副词。应用副词作状语。
四、短文改错 （每小题 1 分，满分 10 分）
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文,请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中
共有 10 处语言错误,每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加:在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧),并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除:把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。
修改:在错的词下画一横线,并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意:1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词;
2.只允许修改 10 处,多者(从第 11 处起)不计分。
Robben Island was a frightened place where Elias spent a hardest four years of his life.
There Nelson Mandela begins a school for many prisoner and even the guards. Elias learned
such hard that after he finished the four years in prison, he found a job in an office because of
he was better educated. However, he lose the job soon because the police told his boss that he
has been in prison for blowing up government buildings. Lucky for him, when Nelson
Mandela came power, he gave him a job showing tourists around the old prison on Robben
Island.
答案
Robben Island was a ① place where Elias spent ② hardest four years of his
life. There Nelson Mandela ③ a school for many ④ and even the guards. Elias
learned ⑤ hard that after he finished the four years in prison, he found a job in an office
because ⑥of he was better educated. However, he ⑦ the job soon because the police told
his boss that he ⑧ been in prison for blowing up government buildings. ⑨ for him,
when Nelson Mandela came⑩∧to power, he gave him a job showing tourists around the old
prison on Robben Island.
①修饰地点 place,表示“令人害怕的”。
②此处表示最高级,应用定冠词。
③根据前后时态可知,此处应该用一般过去时态。
④many 修饰名词的复数形式。
⑤修饰副词 hard 应用副词 so,构成 so...that...结构。
⑥because 为从属连词,引导原因状语从句。because of 为介词短语,不引导从句。
⑦根据从句时态可知,此处应用一般过去时态。
⑧前面的时态为一般过去时,此处应为过去完成时态。
⑨修饰整个句子,需要用副词形式。
⑩come to power 掌权,上台。
五、书面表达（满分 20 分）
假设你校学生会定于 4 月 10 日组织一次高一学生的登山活动，请根据下面表格内容，
以学生会的名义用英语写一则通知，欢迎同学们积极参加。
目的 锻炼身体，放松心情
地点 邙山
内容与要求
1.早上 7:20 在校门口乘公交车出发，下午 7:00 返回；
2.上午登山，中午在山顶野餐，下午分组自由活动；
3.拍照、记录，之后参加校摄影展或征文比赛。
温馨提示 1.自带午餐和饮用水；
2.4 月 5 日前到学生会报名。
注意：1.词数 100 左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3.通知的格式已为你写好，不计入总词数。
参考词汇：邙山 Mangshan Mountain；报名 sign up；征文比赛 essay contest
Notice
Student Union
March 30
【答案】Notice
We plan to organize a mountain-climbing activity on April 10 for the purpose of encouraging
Grade One studentsto take physical exercise and relax themselves. After gathering at the
school gate we’ll set off at 7:20 a.m. by bus and return at 7:00 p.m. The morning will be spent
climbing Mangshan Mountain , at the top of which we’ll have a picnic at noon. In the
afternoon we will be divided into groups to have fun at will . Then remember to take photos
and make notes for the photo exhibition or the essay contest to be held later at our
school.Additionally, take your lunch and drinking water with you. If you have interest in it,
sign up at the Student Union before the deadline ,April 5.
Student Union
March 30
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