2020 年高三英语之纠错笔记：语法填空
易错点 1 错用＂惯性思维＂
1. Staying ________________ the oldest person is finished is considered to be a basic tradition of
Korean table manners.
【错因分析】有些考生看到 stay 后面跟的是人，就会想到 with，殊不知这里不是填介词而是连词。
【试题解析】句意：一直等到最年长的人用膳完毕被认为是韩国餐桌礼仪的一个传统。故填 until。
【参考答案】until
2. July 1, 1997 saw the return of Hong Kong to China. The day our Chinese people had looked
forward to ________________ (come) at last.
【错因分析】有些考生看到＂look forward to＂ 就马上想到固定搭配，后面用 doing。其实这里的主语是
That day，而 our Chinese people had looked forward to＂是省略了关系代词的定语从句。
【试题解析】come 在主句中充当的是谓语，这里是说过去发生的事情要用一般过去时，故填 came。
【参考答案】came
为了避免惯性思维的干扰，考生要认真理清词语的搭配和句子结构，判断出合乎逻辑的句意。下面再
给几句容易让思维定势造成误区的句子供考生们学习：
The reason ________________ he gave us at the meeting was not acceptable.
（应填 that/which，不要以为 reason 后面就一定是填 why；这里的先行词 reason 在从句中作 gave
的宾语而不是状语）
I will never forget the time ________________ we spent together in the countryside.
（应填 that/which，不要以为先行词是表示时间的，后面就一定是填 when；这里的先行词 time 在
从句中作 spent 的宾语而不是状语）
This is the factory ________________ we visited three years ago.（应填 that/which，不要以为先行词是一个地方，后面就一定是填 where；这里的先行词 factory 在
从句中作 visited 的宾语而不是状语）
3. He was very tired ________________ doing this for a whole day, but he felt very happy since the
crop did ＂grow＂higher.
【解析】有些考生一看到＂be tired＂就马上想到＂be tired of’＂这一短语，但这里不是＂厌倦＂的意
思，而是表示＂在⋯⋯之后感到累，因做某事而累＂。
【答案】after / from
4. I still remember the story, ________________ believe it or not we got lost on a rainy night.
【解析】有些考生看到＂story＂后面有逗号就填＂which＂，习惯性地认为是非限制性定语从句，其实这
是一个同位语从句。
【答案】that
易错点 2 错用＂藕断丝连＂ 结构
1. Is there anyone you can think of ________________ may know which hospital he was sent to?
【错因分析】考生可能会因为没看出来本句中的＂you can think of’＂是插入语而误填答案。
【试题解析】句意：你能不能想到有谁可能知道他被送往哪一家医院了？句中的＂you can think of’’是
插入语，＂anyone＂后面跟的是定语从句，且定语从句中缺少主语，所以要用 who 来引导。
【参考答案】who
命题者有意在句子中使用插入语，给考生的理解带来一定的困难和干扰。要解决这样的困扰，考生必
须对英语中的插入语有一定的了解。
首先，插入语在英语中属于独立成分，是对一句话进行附加解释或说明。通常由一个词、一个短语或
一个句子构成，常位于句首、句中或句末，一般用逗号或破折号与句子隔开。由于插入语与句中其他成分
没有语法上的关系，将它删掉之后，句子结构仍然完整，所以遇到此类题目时，考生应先删掉插入语来理
解句子成分。下面列出一些含有插入语的句子(主要是插入语位于句中的句子)供考生们理解，画线部分为插
入语：1. He made another wonderful discovery, which I think is of great importance to science.
2. Who do you think will give us a talk this afternoon?
3. An awful accident did, however, occur the other day.
4. If metal is heated and then cooled very quickly, for example, by dipping in water, it will be
very hard but will break easily.
5. Some are young people who, for one reason or another, have left home and have
nowhere to live.
6. Therefore, our tobacco seller, Mr. Johnson, always asks his customers, if they are very
young, whom the cigarettes are bought for.
7. A fast-food restaurant is the place where, just as the name suggests, eating is performed
quickly.
2. And this is, when my taxi driver told me, ________________ I now call, ＂The Law of the Garbage
Truck. ＂
【解析】本题中，＂when my taxi driver told me＂是插入语，＂this is＂后面跟的是表语从句，从句中缺
少宾语，且表示＂什么＂，因此要用 what。
【答案】what
3. We were driving in the fight lane ________________ all of a sudden, a black car jumped out of a
parking space right in front of us.
【解析】此处是＂be doing sth when...＂结构，表示＂正在做……这时……＂。
【答案】when
4. An American professor, Charles Zastrow, offers an interesting answer, particularly
________________ the second question.
【解析】＂an answer to the question＂表示＂问题的答案＂，是固定搭配。
【答案】to
易错点 3 错用＂同形异性＂
1. Stage schools often act as agencies which supply children for stage and television work.
________________ visit to such schools will leave you in no doubt that the children enjoythemselves.
【错因分析】考生可能会误以为空后的 visit 是动词，所以错填了代词，而实际上，visit 在此用作名词，所
以前面缺的应是冠词。
【试题解析】句意：戏剧学校经常充当了代理机构的角色，为孩子提供上台表演和上电视工作的机会。一
次到这种学校的参观会毫无疑问地让你相信，那里的孩子是真心享受学校生活。表示＂一次＂要用不定冠
词 a。
【参考答案】A
2. Language learning research ________________ (show) that successful language learners are
similar in many ways.
【错因分析】有些考生会误以为题中的 research 是作动词，从而错填成了非谓语 showing，实际上这里
research 这里用作名词，空处在句中用作谓语。
【试题解析】句意：语言学习研究显示，成功的语言学习者们在很多方面都相似。主语 Language learning
research 为第三人称单数形式，因此谓语也要用第三人称单数，故填 shows。
【参考答案】shows
英语中有很多这种同形同义但异性(词性)的单词，或者是同形异性并异义的单词。考生在分析句子成分
的时候要仔细，根据＂主语+谓语＂来确定主要成分，再结合句意确定这类单词的词性和意义。此外，平时
要注意积累这类单词，下面列出一些常见的词汇：
help v. 帮忙 n. 帮忙 like v. 喜欢 prep. 象
hand v. 交给 n. 手 head v. 前进 n. 头/首脑
form v. 形成 n. 表格 end v. 结束 n. 终点
influence v. 影响 n. 影响 smile v. 微笑 n. 微笑
smell v. 嗅到 n. 嗅觉/气味 study v. 学习 n. 学习/书房time v. 计时 n. 时间/次数 train v. 培训 n. 火车
match v. 相配 n. 比赛/火柴 work
v. 工 作 / 起 作
用
n. 工作
slow adj. 慢的 v. 减速 object v. 反对 n. 物品
right adj. 正确的 n. 权利 watch v. 看 n. 手表
patient adj. 耐心的 n. 病人 matter v. 要紧 n. 事情
3. Many people care for the question: am I getting enough vitamins, and am I getting the right
kind? Even though very small amounts of each vitamin are enough for the needs of the body,
________________ worry that people have about vitamins has some reasons.
【解析】worry 在此用作名词，表示＂担心，担忧＂，在句子中作主语，这里表示＂这种担心＂，且为特指，
所以空处要填定冠词 the。
【答案】the
易错点 4 忽视语篇语境和上下文的逻辑关系
1. It was raining lightly when I （arrived） (arrive) in Yangshuo just before dawn. But I didn’t
care. A few hours , I’d been at home in Hong Kong, with （its） (it) choking smog.
【错因分析】考生在做此题时容易忽视上下文的语境，单纯从空格所在的句子入手，去揣测答案。
【试题解析】分析题干不难看出，空后的的句子用的是过去完成时，而空格前用的是过去时，由此可以判
断“at home in Hong Kong”发生在“was raining”之前，因而得出答案，故填 earlier。
【参考答案】earlier
常用的语篇连词和短语：first, second, what’s more, in addition, apart from this, last but not the
least, however, but, although, though, despite, because, as, since, now that, therefore, thus, so,
not only... but also..., as well as, in a word, in short, to sum up 等。2. He had a mate and she was dying on the ground. Sitting close beside her, he opened and
closed _______wings as if to fan her.
【解析】做该题时，不少学生忽视了空格处与句子主语的关系，因而误填 the，此处的主语为 he，所以空
格处要用 his，表示＂他的＂。
【答案】his
【名师点睛】考生在做题时要注意句子的整体性，注意句子的前后联系，使用符合英语表达习惯的词来完
成空格。如本题，代词的人称和数应与它替代的名词或代词保持一致，而 the 表示特指或指上文提到过的
人或事。
易错点 5 错误理解抽象名词或物质具体化
1. Yes it would come as _________surprise to a lot of people to hear that Christmas was actually
originally meant to celebrate the birth of Jesus Christ.
【错因分析】有些抽象名词具体化后，表示一个具体的人或者事，前面必须用不定冠词。比如：pity, shame,
pleasure, must, success 等。
【试题解析】句意：在听到圣诞节实际上是为了庆祝耶稣的诞生时，很多人都会很惊讶。surprise 在此用作
名词，表示＂令人惊奇的事＂。
【参考答案】a
抽象名词具体化通常可分为以下两类：
一、表示情感、情绪的词，强调具体的人或事时常将其具体化使用。常用的重点抽象名词可概括为如
下 11 个字：惊、乐、幸、憾、傲、慰、险、助、成、败、美。
1. surprise 吃惊、惊奇（不可数名词）
a surprise 令人吃惊的人或事（可数名词）
in surprise 惊奇地、吃惊地 to one’s surprise 令人吃惊的是
What a surprise to see you here! 在这里见到你真是个意外的事。
2. pleasure 愉快、高兴（不可数名词）a pleasure 一件乐事、一个乐趣（可数名词）
如：with pleasure 高兴地、乐意地 take pleasure in 以……为乐、爱好
It’s a pleasure to work with him. 和他一块儿工作是件乐事。
3. honor 荣誉、信誉（不可数名词）
an honor 一种光荣的人或事（可数名词）
如：for the honor of the country 为了国家的荣誉
It’s an honor to speak here. 在这里发言是我的荣幸。
4. pity 遗憾
a pity 一件遗憾的事
It’s a pity that you should fail to pass the exam. 你没通过考试真是件遗憾的事。
5. pride 骄傲（不可数名词）
a pride 令人骄傲的人或事（可数名词）
如：He takes pride in his son. 他以儿子为骄傲。
He is a pride to his parents. 他是父母的一个骄傲。
6. comfort 安危、舒适（不可数名词）
a comfort 一个令人安慰的人或事（可数名词）
如：enjoy comfort 享受舒适
Books become a comfort to him. 书籍成为他的一种安慰。
She tried to make her children live in comfort, which is a great comfort to her. 她尽力让她的
孩子生活舒适，这对她来说是一种安慰。
7. danger 危险（不可数名词）
a danger 可能引起危险的人或物（可数名词）
如：In war, a soldier’s life is full of danger. 战争中，士兵的生命充满了危险。
The man is a danger to society. 那是个对社会危险的人物。
8. success 成功（不可数名词）
a success 一个成功的人或事（可数名词）
如：be sure of success 确信成功
He is a great success as a scientist. 作为科学家，他是个伟大的成功者。
9. failure 失败（不可数名词）
a failure/failures 失败的人或事（可数名词）如：Failure is the mother of success. 失败是成功之母。
He had had six failures and would have a seventh try. 他已经历六次失败，并将再次努力。
10. help 帮助
a help 帮手，起帮助作用的物
It’s a great help to me. 这对我来说帮助很大。
11. beauty 美、美丽（不可数名词）
a beauty 美人、美丽的东西（可数名词）
如：the beauty of nature 大自然的美
He regarded his wife as a beauty. 他把妻子视为美人。
二、表行为的抽象名词，强调其具体表现形式时，常以 a/an 加抽象名词，或 a/an+形容词+抽象名词。
常用短语、句型如下：
have a wonderful supper have a strong character have a bright future
have a good time have a population of have a good
knowledge/understanding of
have an income of receive a good education receive a warm welcome
cover an area of reach a height of It’s a waste of time/money.
It’s a great help to me. It’s a pity that...
三、表示具体动作意义的抽象名词，加 a/an 与某些动词（have, take, make, give）等词连用时，
表示某一次短暂的动作。
have a swim/rest/look/trip/discussion/smoke/wash/sleep
take a walk/bath give/take a try
make an advance/an early start/an apology
take/have a great interest
go out for a walk
四、接同源宾语的短语，通常名词表示具体化意义。
die a heroic death live/lead a happy/simple/hard/poor/bitter life dream a
strange dream
2. My parents approached the site, which was still wet from ___________ heavy rain.
【解析】在这道题中，很多考生会误填 the，认为 rain 是物质名词，前面不用冠词，即使使用冠词也应用the，但这里 rain 前有形容词 heavy 修饰，因此 rain 就具体化了，表示＂一场大雨＂要用不定冠词 a。
【答案】a
【名师点睛】
类似于 rain 的用法的名词被称为物质名词，它们一般都是不可数名词，但是一旦在它们前面加上了形容词，
就成了物质名词具体化。此处表示＂一场大雨＂，因此应用不定冠词 a .类似的名词还有：dinner 泛指＂
饭＂， a good dinner 指＂一顿美餐＂；fire 泛指＂火＂，a big fire 指＂一场大火＂等。
易错点 6 冠词的误用
1. On the other hand, as is known to all, ______ honest man wins the respect of others.
【错因分析】有些考生会认为 honest 是以辅音字母 h 开头，而误认为要用不定冠词 a。实际上，判断是用
a 还是用 an 的关键是看单词发音而不是看首字母。
【试题解析】句意：另一方面，众所周知，诚实的人会赢得别人的尊重。这里是泛指一个诚实的人，因此
要用不定冠词，又因 honest 是以元音音素开头，因此要用 an。
【参考答案】an
2. There was ______big bright moon hanging in the sky, giving off a magic glow.
【错因分析】有些考生一看见 moon，就认为这里是要用定冠词 the，而忽略了其前有形容词修饰时，要
用不定冠词。
【试题解析】表示独一无二的事物的名词前有形容词修饰时，需要用不定冠词 a 或者 an，此处 moon 前
有修饰语 big bright，因此应用 a。
【参考答案】a
3. Anyone who achieves success in this field can be ____________ success.
【解析】句意：任何一个在这一领域取得成功的人都是成功人士。success 在此表示＂一个成功的人“，
因此其前要用不定冠词。
【答案】a4. We can never expect ____________ bluer sky unless we create ____________ less polluted world.
【解析】句意：如果我们不创造一个污染较少的世界，就永远不要期待一片更蓝的天空。sky 前有形容词比
较级 bluer 修饰，因此其前要用不定冠词。
【答案】a；a
5. ____________ Shanghai of tomorrow is sure to create new splendor and spring up as another
center of international economy.
【解析】表示人名或者地名的专有名词前一般不用冠词，但是如果表示＂……的人＂或者具有某种特点的
地点，前面可以根据具体情况用不定冠词或者定冠词，这里指的是明天的上海，为特指，因此要用定冠词
the。
【答案】The
2019 年 高考真题
Cloze 1（2019·新课标卷 I）
The polar bear is found in the Arctic Circle and some big land masses as far south as
Newfoundland. While they are rare north of 88°,there is evidence ___61___ they range all the
way across the Arctic, and as far south as James Bay in Canada. It is difficult to figure out a
global population of polar bears as much of the range has been ___62___ (poor) studied;
however, biologists calculate that there are about 20,000-25,000 polar bears worldwide.
Modem methods ___63___ tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since
the mid-1980s, and are expensive ___64___ (perform) consistently over a large area. In recent
years some Inuit people in Nunayut ___65___ (report) increases in bear sightings around human
settlements, leading to a ___66___ (believe) that populations are increasing. Scientists have
responded by ___67___ (note) that hungry bears may be congregating(聚集) around human
settlements, leading to the illusion(错觉) that populations are ___68___ (high) than they actually
are. Of ___69___ nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six
___70___ (be) stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data.
【语篇解读】本文为科普文类说明文，介绍了北极熊的生存现状。
61. that【解析】考查同位语从句。根据句子结构分析可知，主句为 there be 句型，且结构完整，空格后为同位
语从句，解释说明中心词 evidence 的内容，故填 that。
62. poorly
【解析】考查副词用法。根据句意和结构分析可知，此处用副词 poorly 修饰谓语动词 has been studied，
意为“研究很少”。故填 poorly。
63. of/for
【解析】考查介词用法。此处 tracking polar bear populations 作 Modern methods 的定语，用 of 连
接，“methods of doing sth.”,意为“……的方法”，构成固定结构。或者意为“对于跟踪北极熊的
方法”用 for。故填 of/for。
64. to perform
【解析】考查非谓语动词。主系表结构之后，常用不定式作原因或目的状语，句意：跟踪北极熊的现代
方法只是在二十世纪八十年代以来开始采用，并且在如此大区域内持续采用是昂贵的，故此处用 to
perform。
65. have reported
【解析】考查时态。根据上下文语境，尤其是时间状语 in recent years 可知，主句用现在完成时态，故
填 have reported。
66. belief
【解析】考查名词。根据其前不定冠词和其后的同位语从句可知，空格处为名词形式，故填 belief。
67. noting
【解析】考查非谓语动词。根据其前介词 by 可知，此处用动名词主动形式，故填 noting。
68. higher
【解析】考查形容词比较级。根据其后 than they actually are 可知，此处为形容词的比较级，故填
higher。
69. the
【解析】考查定冠词。此处为特指，意为“在已知的 19 个北极熊亚种群中”，故填 the。
70. are
【解析】考查主谓一致。根据 three are declining，此处数词 six 作主语，代指前文中的“polar bear
subpopulations”，故用复数谓语，一般现在时，故填 are。
Cloze 2（2019·新课标卷 II）
A 90-year-old has been awarded “Woman Of The Year”for ___61___ (be)Britain's oldestfull-time employee-still working 40 hours a week. Now Irene Astbury works from 9am to 5pm daily
at the pet shop in Macclesfield, ___62___ she opened with her late husband Les. Her years of
hard work have ___63___(final)been acknowledged after a customer nominated(提名)her to be
Cheshire's Woman Of The Year.
Picking up her “Lifetime Achievement” award，proud Irene ___64___(declare) she had no
plans ___65___ (retire) from her 36-year-old business. Irene said，“I don't see any reason to give
up work. I love coming here and seeing my family and all the friends I ___66___(make) over the
years. I work not because I have to, ___67___ because I want to.”
Granddaughter Gayle Parks ， 31-who works alongside her in the family business-said it
remained unknown as to who nominated Irene for the award. She said，“We don't have any
idea who put grandma forward. When we got a call ___68___ (say)she was short-listed ， we
thought it was ___69___ joke. But then we got an official letter and we were blown away. We are
so proud of her. It's ___70___ (wonder).”
【语篇解读】本文为记叙文。讲述了九十高龄的 Irene 作为英国最年长的全职员工，依然在宠物店做着
朝九晚五的工作，没有退休的打算，她被颁发 “年度女士”称号。
61. being
【解析】考查非谓语动词。根据其前介词 for 可知，此处用动名词形式作宾语，故填 being。
62. which
【解析】考查非限制性定语从句。分析句子结构可知，先行词为 the pet shop，在非限制性定语从句中
作 opened 一词的宾语，故用 which。
63. finally
【解析】考查副词用法。根据空格所处位置可知，此处应用副词形式作状语，修饰谓语动词 have been
acknowledged，意为“最终得以认可”，故填 finally。
64. declared
【解析】考查谓语动词。根据上下文可知，该句主语为 Irene，此处为谓语成分，根据后文 had 以及 said
可知用一般过去时态，故填 declared。
65. to retire
【解析】考查不定式作定语。此处用 to do sth 做后置定语,用来修饰前面的名词 plan,表示“……的计
划”，故填 to retire。
66. have made【解析】考查动词时态。根据该定语从句中的时间状语“over the years”可知，此处用现在完成时态，
句意：我喜欢到这里来看看我的家人和我这些年来交到的朋友们。故填 have made。
67. but
【解析】考查并列连词。根据句意逻辑可知，此处为转折关系，句意：我工作不是因为我不得不做，而
是因为我想做。此处用 but 与前文 not 呼应，构成“不是……而是 ……”之意，故填 but。
68. saying
【解析】考查非谓语动词。根据其后所接的宾语从句可知，此处用现在分词形式 saying 作后置定语，解
释名词 call 的内容，call 与 say 是主动关系，故填 saying。
69. a
【解析】考查冠词用法。根据句意“我们还以为这是一个玩笑” 可知，此处 joke 为泛指，故填 a。
70. wonderful
【解析】考查形容词作表语。根据句子结构可知，在系动词 is 之后用形容词形式作表语，故填 wonderful。
Cloze 3（2019·新课标卷 III）
On our way to the house，it was raining ___61___ hard that we couldn't help wondering how
long it would take ___62___ (get)there. It was in the middle of Pearl City.
We were first greeted with the barking by a pack ___63___ dogs，seven to be exact. They
were well trained by their masters ___64___ had great experience with caring for these animals.
Our hosts shared many of their experiences and ___65___(recommend)wonderful places to eat，
shop，and visit. For breakfast，we were able to eat papaya(木瓜)and other fruits from their trees in
the backyard.
When they were free from work ， they invited us to local events and let us know of an
interesting ___66___(compete)to watch，together with the story behind it. They also shared with
us many ___67___(tradition)stories about Hawaii that were ___68___ (huge)popular with tourists.
On the last day of our week-long stay ， we ___69___(invite)to attend a private concert on a
beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars ， ___70___ (listen)to musicians and meeting
interesting locals.
【语篇解读】这是一篇记叙文。作者讲述了他们去夏威夷度假途中的经历以及到了主人家后受到的礼
遇，主人热情招待他们，还在工作之余带他们参加了很多当地的活动。
61. so
【解析】考查副词。句意：在我们去那座房子的路上，雨下得如此大以至于我们不能不想还要多久才能到达那里。“so…that…”意为“如此……以至于…”，引导结果状语从句。故填 so。
62. to get
【解析】考查不定式。句中的 would 提示我们作者还没有到达那座房子，wondering 后的句子不缺谓
语，此处应填非谓语动词，故填 to get。
63. of
【解析】考查介词。“a pack of”意为“一群”。故填 of。
64. who
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：它们被他们的主人训练地很好，它们的主人在照顾这些动物方面很有经
验。先行词为 masters（主人），且从句缺主语。故关系词填 who。
65. recommended
【解析】考查一般过去时。句意：我们的主人跟我们分享了很多他们的经历并推荐了一些很好的吃饭、
购物和参观的地方。“and”前后两个动作“shared”与“recommended”是并列关系，时态一致。
故填 recommended。
66. competition
【解析】考查名词。由空格前的不定冠词 an 与空格后的不定式 to watch 可以确定空格处应该填名词形
式。故填 competition。
67. traditional
【解析】考查形容词。空格修饰名词 stories，应用形容词形式，tradition 的形容词为 traditional，故填
traditional。
68. hugely
【解析】考查副词。空格处单词修饰形容词popular，应用副词形式，huge的副词为hugely，故填hugely。
69. were invited
【解析】考查一般过去时的被动语态。由“on the last day of our week-long stay”可知，句子时态为
一般过去时。根据句意：我们被邀请去参加一场私人音乐会，所以用被动语态。主语为 we，故填 were
invited。
70. listening
【解析】考查分词。本句谓语动词为“were invited”，所以 70 题空格处动词 listen 应用非谓语动词形
式。听音乐这个动作是由 we 发出的，所以选用现在分词形式。也可由 and 前后连接两个并列的结构
这一规律解题，and 后 meeting interesting locals 为分词形式，故空格处填 listening。2018 年 高考真题
Cloze 1（2018·新课标卷 I）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
According to a review of evidence in a medical journal, runners live three years 61 (long)
than non-runners. You don’t have to run fast or for long 62 (see) the benefit. You may drink,
smoke, be overweight and still reduce your risk of 63 (die) early by running.
While running regularly can’t make you live forever, the review says it 64 (be) more
effective at lengthening life 65 walking, cycling or swimming. Two of the authors of the
review also made a study published in 2014 66 showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of
running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all 67 (cause).
The best exercise is one that you enjoy and will do. But otherwise … it’s probably running. To
avoid knee pain, you can run on soft surfaces, do exercises to 68 (strength) your leg
muscles (肌肉), avoid hills and get good running shoes. Running is cheap, easy and it’s always
69 (energy). If you are time poor, you need run for only half the time to get the same benefits
as other sports, so perhaps we should all give 70 a try.
【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了跑步的好处，它可以帮助人们延年益寿。
61. longer
【解析】考查副词的比较级。医学报告显示：经常跑步的人比不跑步的人多活 3 年。根据 than 可知用比较
级，故填 longer。
62. to see
【解析】考查不定式作目的状语。你不必跑地太快或时间太长就能看到它的好处。此处不定式作目的状语，
故填 to see。
63.dying
【解析】考查动名词。你也许喝酒、吸烟或超重，但仍然通过跑步会减少早亡的风险。此处 of 是介词，其
后用动名词。故填 dying。
64.is
【解析】考查动词的时态。医学报告显示：跑步比散步、骑车和游泳更能有效地延长寿命。这里叙述的是
一个事实，故用一般现在时。故填 is。
65.than【解析】考查比较句型。跑步比散步、骑车和游泳更能有效地延长寿命。根据文章中的 more effective 可
知此处填 than。
66.that 或 which
【解析】考查定语从句的关系词。此处 a study 是先行词，其在定语从句中作主语，故填 that 或 which。
67.causes
【解析】考查名词复数。一项研究表明，仅仅每天 5 到 10 分钟的跑步，就能减少各种原因的心脏病和早亡。
根据句意用复数形式。故填 causes。
68.strengthen
【解析】考查词形变化。锻炼以增强你腿上的肌肉。此处 to 是不定式符合，其后用动词原形。故填
strengthen。
69.energetic
【解析】考查词形变化。跑步总是让人充满活力的。根据 it’s 可知，系动词后用形容词作表语。故填
energetic。
70.it 或 running
【解析】考查代词或名词的用法。我们都应该试试跑步。此处 give it a try 意为：试试。此处 it 可以指 running。
故填 it 或 running。
Cloze 2（2018·新课标卷 II）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Diets have changed in China — and so too has its top crop. Since 2011,the country ___61___
（grow）more corn than rice. Corn production has jumped nearly 125 percent over ___62___ past
25 years, while rice has increased only 7 percent.
A taste for meat is ___63___ (actual) behind the change: An important part of its corn is used
to feed chickens, pigs, and cattle. Another reason for corn's rise: The government encourages
farmers to grow corn instead of rice ___64___ (improve) water quality. Corn uses less water
___65___ rice and creates less fertilizer(化肥) runoff. This switch has decreased ___66___ (pollute)
in the country's major lakes and reservoirs and made drinking water safer for people.
According to the World Bank, China accounts for about 30 percent of total ___67___
(globe)fertilizer consumption. The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005—when
the government ___68___ (start) a soil-testing program ___69___ gives specific fertilizer
recommendations to farmers - and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons. Thatprevented the emission(排放) of 51.8 million tons of carbon dioxide. China's approach to
protecting its environment while ___70___ (feed) its citizens "offers useful lessons for agriculture
and food policymakers worldwide." says the bank's Juergen Voegele.
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文中讲述了中国为保护环境在农作物种植上做了一些变化并得到了
世界上的知名人士的认可。
61. has grown
【解析】考查时态。since 加时间点，主句要用现在完成时。句意：2011 年以来，中国种植的玉米比水稻
多。故填 has grown。
62. the
【解析】考查冠词。句意：玉米产量在过去 25 年里增长了近 125%，而大米只增长了 7%。故是特指在过去
的 25 年里。故填 the。
63. actually
【解析】考查副词。句意：对肉的需求实际上是这种变化的背后原因。句子结构完整，用副词修饰句子。
故填 actually。
64. to improve
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：为了改善水质政府鼓励农民种植玉米而不是大米。没有连词可以且谓语
动词是 encourages，故 improve 应该用非谓语动词。此处表示目的，故用不定式。故填 to improve。
65. than
【解析】考查连词。句意：玉米比大米使用的水更少。根据关键词 less 可知，填比较连词。故填 than。
66. pollution
【解析】考查词性转换。句意：这一转变减少了中国较大的湖泊和水库的污染，使人们的饮用水更加安全。
has decreased 后跟名词作宾语，故填 pollution。
67. global
【解析】考查词性转换。句意：中国约占全球化肥总消费量的 30%。fertilizer consumption 是名词短语，
故应该用形容词修饰。故填 global。
68.started
【解析】考查谓语动词。句意：在 2005 年政府开始了一项土壤测试项目。本句是 when 引导的定语从句，
由于时间是 2005 年，故用过去时。故填 started。
69. that/which
【解析】考查定语从句关系词。根据空后的谓语动词 gives 可知，该空缺少主语，指代 program 并且引导后面的句子。指物用 that/which，故填 that 或者 which。
70. feeding
【解析】考查省略句。句意：中国在养活了中国人民的同时又保护了环境。这一做法为全世界的农业和粮
食政策制定人提供了很有用的经验。空格处表示正在进行的动作，while 后面省略掉了 China is，省略句的
原则：在时间状语从句、条件状语从句、，让步状语从句中，如果从句的主语和主句的主语一致且含有 be
动词时，那么可以把主语和 be 动词一块省略。故填 feeding。
Cloze 3（2018·新课标卷 III）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
I'm not sure _____61_____ is more frightened, me or the female gorilla(大猩猩）that suddenly
appears out of nowhere. I'm walking on a path in the forest in the Central African Republic.
Unexpectedly, I'm face-to-face with the gorilla, who begins screaming at ____62____ top of her
lungs. That makes her baby scream, and then a 400-pound male appears. He screams
the___63___(loud)of all. The noise shakes the trees as the male beats his chest and charges
toward me. I quickly lower myself, ducking my head to avoid ____64____(look) directly into his
eyes so he doesn't feel____65____(challenge).
My name is Mireya Mayor. I'm a ___66___(science)who studies animals such as apes and
monkeys. I was searching ___67___ these three western lowland gorillas I'd been observing. No
one had seen them for hours, and my colleagues and I were worried.
When the gorillas and I frightened each other, I was just glad to find ____68____(they) alive.
True to a gorilla's unaggressive nature, the huge animal ____69____(mean)me no real harm. He
was just saying: "I'm king of this forest, and here is your reminder!" Once his message was
delivered, he allowed me ____70____ (stay)and watch.
【解析】本文为记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者在中非偶遇大猩猩，彼此惊恐的经历。
61. which/who
【解析】考查宾语从句。句意：我不确定哪一个（谁）更害怕，我，还是突然出现的雌性大猩猩。此处为
宾语从句，空格处表示选择，所以用 which 或 who”
62. the
【解析】考查冠词。此处为固定短语 at the top of，此处表示以最大的肺活量喊叫。
63. loudest
【解析】考查最高级。根据后面的 of all 可知，他声音最大，所以用最高级 loudest。64. looking
【解析】考查动词。动词 avoid 后要加 doing。此处表示避免直接看他的眼睛。用 looking。
65. challenged
【解析】考查非谓语。根据语境可知，此处表示不直视他的眼睛，他就不会感到被挑战性。feel 为系动词，
表示“被挑战”，用过去分词 challenged。
65. scientist
【解析】考查名词。根据语境可知，我是一名科学家。scientist 科学家。
67.for
【解析】考查动词短语搭配。search for 是固定搭配，表示“寻找”，表示“我”在寻找“我”研究的三
只西部低地大猩猩。
68. them
【解析】考查代词。此处做 find 的宾语，所以用宾格 them。
69. meant
【解析】考查谓语动词。分析本句的句子成分可知，本句缺少谓语，再根据总体时态可知要用一般过去时，
所以用 meant。
70. to stay
【解析】考查非谓语动词。固定短语 allow sb to do 允许某人做某事，应该用 to stay。
2017 年 高考真题
Cloze 1（2017·新课标卷 I）
There has been a recent trend in the food service industry toward lower fat content and less
salt. This trend, which was started by the medical community（医学界） 61 a method of
fighting heart disease, has had some unintended side 62 (effect) such as overweight
and heart disease—the very thing the medical community was trying to fight.
Fat and salt are very important parts of a diet. They are required 63 (process) the
food that we eat, to recover from injury and for several other bodily functions. When fat and salt
64 (remove) from food, the food tastes as if is missing something. As 65 result, people
will eat more food to try to make up for that something missing. Even 66 (bad), the
amount of fast food that people eat goes up. Fast food 67 (be) full of fat and salt; by 68
(eat) more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet.Having enough fat and salt in your meals will reduce the urge to snack(吃点心) between
meals and will improve the taste of your food. However, be 69 (care) not to go to
extremes. Like anything, it is possible to have too much of both, 70 is not good for the
health.
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了对于食物中的脂肪和盐分，人们的态度不一。脂肪和盐
分对于健康来说是必不可少的，但如果人们摄入过多的脂肪和盐分，自身的健康将会收到损害。
61. 【答案】as
【解析】考查介词。句意：这个做法最初是医学界作为一种对抗心脏病的形式开始的。as 表示＂作为，
以……身份＂，故填 as。
62. 【答案】effects
【解析】考查单复数。分析语境可知作者表达的意思是＂一些不为人知的副作用＂，根据前文的 some
可知＂副作用 side effect＂有很多，故填 effects。
63. 【答案】to process
【解析】考查不定式。句意：它们被要求加工食物。require 表示＂要求＂，require sb. to do sth.表示＂
要求某人做某事＂，被动形式为＂sb. be required to do sth.＂，表示＂某人被要求做某事＂。故填
to process。
64. 【答案】are removed
【解析】考查被动语态。句意：当脂肪和盐分从食物中被去掉。分析可知 fat，salt 和 move 之间是被
动关系，脂肪和盐分是被人们去掉，所以用被动语态。故填 are removed。
65. 【答案】a
【解析】考查冠词。固定短语 as a result 表示＂结果＂，句意：结果，人们将吃更多的食物去弥补损失
的东西。故填 a。
66. 【答案】worse
【解析】考查比较级。句意：更糟糕的是，人们所吃快餐的数量增加了。故填 worse。
67. 【答案】is
【解析】考查主谓一致。句意：快餐食物中充满了脂肪和盐。fast food 的意思是＂快餐＂，表示一类
食物，为不可数名词，谓语动词用单数形式。故填 is。
68. 【答案】 eating
【解析】考查动名词。句意：通过吃更多的快餐，人们将在饮食中摄入超过需求量的脂肪和盐。根据前
文中的 by 可知此处应该填名词，所以填 eat 的动名词形式。故填 eating。69. 【答案】 careful
【解析】考查形容词。句意：然而，注意不要走极端。分析语境可知 be 后面应该用形容词作表语，故
填 careful。
70. 【答案】which
【解析】考查非限制性定语从句。句意：很可能摄入过多的脂肪和盐，那对健康没有好处。分析可知
which is not good for the health 为非限制性定语从句，先行词为前文中的 have too much of
both＂摄入过多的脂肪和盐＂。故填 which。
Cloze 2（2017·新课标卷 III）
She looks like any other schoolgirl, fresh-faced and full of life. Sarah Thomas is looking
forward to challenge of her new A-level course. But unlike school friends,16-year-old Sarah is not
spending half-term ___61___ (rest). Instead, she is earning $6, 500 a day as ___62___ model in
New York.
Sarah ___63___ (tell) that she could be Britain’s new supermodel earning a million dollars in
the new year. Her father Peter, 44, wants her to give up school to model full-time But Sarah,
___64___ has taken part in shows along with top models, wants ___65___ (prove) that she has
brains as well as beauty. She is determined to carry on with her ___66___ (educate).
She has turned down several ___67___ (invitation) to star at shows in order to concentrate on
her studies. After school she plans to take a year off to model full-time before going to university
to get a degree ___68___ engineering or architecture.
Sarah says, ＂My dad thinks I should take the offer now. But at the moment, school ___69___
(come) first. I don’t want to get too absorbed in modeling. It is ___70___ (certain) fun but the
lifestyle is a little unreal. I don’t want to have nothing else to fall back on when I can’t model
any more.＂
【文章大意】本文是一篇人物类记叙文，介绍了 Sarah Thomas 在学业和诱人的职业面前所做出的选
择，她认为在青少年时期学业要放在首位。
61. 【答案】 resting
【解析】考查非谓语动词。固定短语：spend time doing sth 花费时间做某事。
62. 【答案】 a
【解析】考查冠词。model 是可数名词，前面没有限定词，而此处泛指 ＂一个＂，故填 a。
63. 【答案】was told【解析】考查动词。根据句意判断出谓语动词应该用一般过去时的被动形式，主语 Sarah 是第三人称
单数，故填 was told。
64. 【答案】who
【解析】考查定语从句。非限制性定语从句中缺少主语，代替先行词 Sarah，应该用人称代词 who。
65. 【答案】 to prove
【解析】考查非谓语动词。want to do sth.想要做某事。
66. 【答案】education
【解析】考查词形转换。形容词性物主代词后面应该接名词形式
67. 【答案】 invitations
【解析】考查名词单复数。several 修饰可数名词复数形式，故填 invitations。
68. 【答案】in
【解析】考查介词。in 表示＂在某方面＂，获得某项学位 ＂get a degree in…＂。
69. 【答案】 comes
【解析】考查动词。根据语境可知 Sarah 认为当下应该是学业第一，说明现在的情况应该用一般现在
时。
70. 【答案】 certainly
【解析】考查副词。修饰动词应该用副词形式，故填 certainly。
Cloze 3（2017·浙江卷）
Last October, while tending her garden in Mora, Sweden, Lena Pahlsson pulled out a handful of
small 56 (carrot) and was about to throw them away. But something made her look closer,
and she noticed a 57 (shine) object. Yes, there beneath the leafy top of one tiny carrot was
her long-lost wedding ring.
Pahlsson screamed 58 loudly that her daughter came running from the house. ＂
She thought I had hurt 59 (I),＂says Pahlsson.
Sixteen years 60 (early), Pahlsson had removed the diamond ring 61 (cook) a
meal. When she wanted to put the ring back on later, it was gone. She suspected that one of
her three daughters — then ten, eight, and six — had picked it up, but the girls said they hadn’t.
Pahlsson and her husband 62 (search) the kitchen, checking every corner, but turned up
nothing. ＂I gave up hope of finding my ring again,＂ she says. She never replaced it.
Pahlsson and her husband now think the ring probably got 63 (sweep) into a pile ofkitchen rubbish and was spread over the garden, 64 it remained until the carrot’s leafy
top accidentally sprouted (生长) through it. For Pahlsson, its return was 65 wonder.
【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了 Lena Pahlsson 在花园里拔胡萝卜时，找到了丢失已久
的结婚戒指的故事。
56. 【答案】 carrots
【解析】考查名词。根据＂a handful of ＂可知要用 carrot 的复数形式，故填 carrots。
57. 【答案】 shiny/shining
【解析】考查形容词。a 为冠词，object 为名词，横线处应填写形容词。故填 shiny 或 shining。
58. 【答案】 so
【解析】考查固定结构。根据空后的＂loudly that her daughter came running from the house＂可
知这里为 so…that 结构，意为＂如此……以至于＂，故填 so。
59. 【答案】 myself
【解析】考查代词。主语为 I，横线处为宾语，根据语境可知这里指她以为＂我＂弄伤了自己。故填 myself。
60. 【答案】 earlier
【解析】考查形容词。这里指早在十六年前，earlier 在此修饰 Sixteen years。故填 earlier。
61. 【答案】 to cook
【解析】考查动词不定式。一个句子不能出现双重谓语，所以此处要用不定式作目的状语。故填 to cook。
62. 【答案】 searched
【解析】考查动词时态。根据＂but turned up nothing＂可知这里是叙述过去发生的事情，要用一般
过去时，故填 searched。
63. 【答案】 swept
【解析】考查动词。ring 与 sweep 之间是被动关系，要用被动语态。故填 swept。
64. 【答案】 where
【解析】考查连接词。分析句子结构可知，定语从句结构完整，先行词为 the garden，表示地点，故
填 where。
65. 【答案】 a
【解析】考查冠词。wonder 是可数名词的单数形式，且此处表示泛指，因此其前应加不定冠词 a。故填
a。语法填空之解题策略
语法填空题就设题类型而言主要分为有提示词类和无提示词类，这两种设题类型的解题方法不尽相同，
下面分别就这两种类型的解题步骤进行详细介绍：
一、有提示词类
1. 提供动词：当设空处提供动词原形，设空处一般考查动词的时态、语态，非谓语动词或词类转化。
2. 词性转换类：词性转换多以派生词变化为主，如：形容词与副词间的相互转化；形容词与名词间的
相互转化；形容词与动词间的相互转化；动词与名词间的相互转化等。
3. 有个别空可能是词义转换题，词性不一定改变，主要考查与词根意义相反的派生词，此事，需根据
句子意思及上下文的逻辑关系，加 un-，im-等或在词根后加-less 等。
二、无提示词类
首先，分析句子结构确定要填哪类词。然后，根据句子的意思及结构，确定具体填什么词。最后，根
据上下文逻辑关系及语意确定具体用哪个词。解题时要注意以下规律：
1. 缺少主语或宾语，要填代词。
（1）如果在谓语动词前挖空，答案应首先考虑代词。所填代词主要考虑人称代词（he，she，they，
it 等）和关系代词（that，which，who 等）。
（2）如果空前为及物动词、及物动词短语或者介词，要考虑人称代词宾格和在定语从句中作宾语的关
系代词。
2. 名词、代词、动名词前挖空，可以考虑用限定词或介词。
（1）如果在名词前挖空，答案应首先考虑限定词。限定词包括冠词（a，an，the）、物主代词（my，
her 等）、关系词（whose 等）、疑问代词（what，which 等）、不定代词（no，some，neither 等）等。
（2）名词或代词前挖空，而该名词或代词在句中不作主语、表语，也不作动词的宾语时，该空很可能
填介词。此时要特别注意空格处的词与空前的词构成的固定搭配。
3. 若两个或几个单词或短语之间或两个句子间没有连词，可能需要填连词，主要有表示并列关系的and
和表示选择关系的 or 等。
4. 若两句之间没有连词，也没有分号或句号，一般考虑填关系词或从属连词。
5. 若句子结构较完整，空格后的谓语动词是原形，且与上下文时态不一致或主谓不一致时，很可能填
情态动词或表示强调或倒装的助动词（do，does，did 等）。如果是一般疑问句则要考虑填助动词或情态
动词（do，does，did，have，has，had，can，may 等）。
6. 形容词或副词前设空，表示程度要考虑用 how，so，too 等；名词前设空，如果是感叹句考虑用 what 等。
语法填空之必备知识
1. 词性转换
（1）名词→形容词
后缀 例词
-al industry 工业 → industrial 工业的 nation 国家 → national 国家的
-ern east 东方 → eastern 东方的 north 北方 → northern 北方的
-ful/-less
meaning 意义 → meaningful 有意义的 care 小心 → careful/careless 小心
的；粗心的
-en gold 黄金 → golden 金色的 wood 木头 → wooden 木制的
-ic reality 现实 → realistic 现实的 history 历史 → historic 历史的
-like child 孩子 → childlike 天真的 woman 妇女 → womanlike 女人似的
-an Europe 欧洲 → European 欧洲的 America 美国 → American 美国的
-able reason 原因 → reasonable 合理的 value 价值 → valuable 有价值的
-ish child 孩子 → childish 孩子气的 self 自己 → selfish 自私的
-y anger 生气 → angry 生气的 health 健康→ healthy 健康的
-ary revolution 革命 → revolutionary 革命的
-some trouble 麻烦 → troublesome 令人讨厌的
-ly friend 朋友 → friendly 友好的 love 爱 → lovely 可爱的
（2）形容词→副词一般情况 直接加-ly
bright → brightly 明亮地
clear → clearly 清楚地
correct → correctly 正确地
以＂辅音字母+y＂结尾 变 y 为 i，再加-ly
easy → easily 容易地
heavy → heavily 沉重地
happy → happily 高兴地
以 le 结尾的形容词 去 e 加-ly
simple → simply 仅仅；只；简单地
possible → possibly 可能
（3）动词 → 名词
后缀 例词
-ance
allow → allowance 允许 appear → appearance 外貌，出现
perform → performance 演出 exist → existence 存在
-ence refer → reference 参考 exist → existence 存在
-al
refer → refusal 拒绝 arrive → arrival 到达
propose → proposal 建议 survive → survival 幸存
-ion/-ation
discuss → discussion 讨论 express → expression 词语；表达方式
instruct → instruction 指导，介绍 predict → prediction 预言
-ment
achieve → achievement 成就 commit → commitment
equip → equipment 装备，器材 manage → management 经营管理
（4）形容词 → 名词
后缀 例词
-ness
happy 高兴的 → happiness 幸福 ill 生病的 → illness 疾病
kind 善良的 → kindness 善良 weak 弱的 → weakness 弱点-y/-ly efficient 有效率的 → efficiency 效率 urgent 紧急的 → urgency 紧急
-ism social 社会的 → socialism 社会主义
-th
warm 温暖的 → warmth 温暖 true 真的 → truth 真理
wide 宽的 → width 宽度
（5）否定前缀
后缀 例词
dis-
agreeable（adj. 使人愉快的）→ disagreeable（adj. 不愉快的）
agreement（n. 同意）→ disagreement（n. 意见不同）
appear（vi. 出现）→ disappear（vi. 消失，不见）
courage（n. 勇气，精神）→ discourage（vt. 使气馁）
un-
happy（adj. 快乐的）→ unhappy（adj. 不幸的，不快乐的）
friendly（adj. 友好的）→ unfriendly（adj. 不友好的）
il-
legal（adj. 法律的，法定的）→ illegal（adj. 违法的）
logical（adj. 合乎逻辑的）→ illogical（adj. 不合逻辑的）
literate（adj. 有文化的 n. 学者）→ illiterate（adj. 没受教育的 n. 文盲）
im-
possible（adj. 可能的）→ impossible（adj. 不可能的）
mortal（adj. 必死的，人类的）→ immortal（adj. 不朽的）
moral（adj. 道德的）→ immoral（adj. 不道德的）
ir
regular（adj. 规则的）→ irregular（adj. 不规则的）
rational（adj. 理性的）→ irrational（adj. 无理性的）
resistible（adj. 可抵抗的）→ irresistible（adj. 不可抵抗的）in-
correct（adj. 正确的）→ incorrect（adj. 不正确的）
justice（n. 正义，公平）→ injustice（n. 不正义，不公平）
sincere（adj. 真诚的）→ insincere（adj. 虚假的，不真诚的）
Cloze 1（2018 届江西省、等五市八校高三联考）
The first part of the underwater tunnel for the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macau Bridge was 1
(success) completed on Oct 8, 2016. Known as "one of the seven modem wonders in the world,
"it is the world's 2 (long) bridge currently being constructed
3 (start)from Lantau Island in Hong Kong. the Y-shaped bridge will have 4 total length
of about 55 kilometers, including a 6.7-kilometer underwater tunnel and a 23-kilometer bridge
over the sea. Artificial islands will be built at both ends off the tunnel 5 (allow) for the passage
of large ships.
The bridge will serve 6 an important channel linking Hong Kong, Macau, Zhuhai and the
western part of the Pearl River Delta, 7 is one of the most economically developed areas in
the Chinese mainland.
8 (construct) of the bridge started in 2009. 9 (it) total cost will come to some 10 billion
RMB. It 10 (expect) to be completed by the end of this year.
【文章大意】这是一篇介绍说明类的说明文。介绍了珠港澳大桥建设的情况。
1.successfully
【解析】考查副词。Be successfully completed 被成功地完成。
2.longest
【解析】考查形容词最高级.“是目前世界上建造的最长的桥”
3.Starting
【解析】考查非谓语动词。start from 从…开始。是现在的状态。故用现在分词。
4.a
【解析】考查名词短语。a total length of 总长度…
5.to allow
【解析】考查非谓语动词。表示目的的用不定式。passage 通行，通过；经过6.as
【解析】考查动词短语。serve as 作为…“作为连接…的通道”
7.which
【解析】考查非限制性定语从句。which 指代前面的先行词。
8.Construction
【解析】考查名词。“桥梁的建设开始于 2009 年”
9.Its
【解析】考查形容词性物主代词。Its total cost“它的总造价”
10.is expected
【解析】考查被动语态。 主语 it 和 expect 含有被动关系，故用 is expected
Cloze 2
A Chinese businessman, Mr. Wang, treated 5,000 people 1 a free bowl of noodles after
he found his lost $45,000 engagement(订婚)ring.
He was going to ask his girlfriend 2 (marry) him last Sunday. However, he lost the
engagement ring in his bag at a noodle restaurant. But he was fortunate enough 3 a
customer in the restaurant found the bag and gave it to the manager. The manager found Mr.
Wang’s details in the bag and telephoned him immediately by 4 (he). Mr. Wang was very
surprised to recover his ring.
Mr. Wang wanted to say thank you to the restaurant. On Tuesday, he bought 5,000 5
(customer) each a bowl of spicy noodles. This is 6 average daily sales of the restaurant.
There 7 (is) a long queue for the free noodles outside the restaurant. Mr. Wang told reporters:
"Chongqing has the woman I love. I feel very 8 ( luck) and happy." He also put a thank-you
letter with a picture of his girlfriend 9 ( wear) the engagement ring outside the restaurant. A
local man said: "I think the story is 10 (extreme) moving. Love is beautiful and people’s
hearts are more beautiful."
【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了 Mr. Wang 因好心人捡起并归还了他丢失的订婚戒指而
请 5 000 人免费吃面条的故事。
1.to
【解析】考查介词。treat sb. to sth."以某物款待某人"为固定搭配。
2.to marry【解析】考查非谓语动词。ask sb. to do sth."请求某人做某事"为固定搭配。
3.because/since
【解析】考查状语从句。但是他足够幸运，因为餐馆里的一位顾客发现了他的包。根据语境可知，此处应
用 because/since 引导原因状语从句。
4.himself
【解析】考查代词。(餐馆)经理立即亲自给他打了电话。by oneself "亲自"为固定搭配。
5.customers
【解析】考查名词复数。根据空前的 5，000 和 customer"顾客"为可数名词可知，此处应用其复数形式。
6.the
【解析】考查冠词。这是这家餐馆的平均日销量。根据语境可知，此处表示特指，故应用定冠词 the。
7.was
【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。餐馆外面等待免费面条的队列排得很长。根据语境及上文的"On Tuesday"
可知，此处讲的是发生在过去的事情，故应用一般过去时；又因为句子的主语为 a long queue，为单数，
故谓语动词应用第三人称单数。
8.lucky
【解析】考查形容词。空处在句中作表语，故应用形容词 lucky"幸运的"。
9.wearing
【解析】考查非谓语动词。他还在餐馆外放了一封感谢信，感谢信中有一张他的女朋友戴着这枚订婚戒指
的照片。此处为 with 复合结构，his girlfriend 与 wear 之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，故此处应用其现在分词
形式作宾语补足语。
10.extremely
【解析】考查副词。此处应用副词 extremely"极其，非常"修饰形容词。
Cloze 3
The Silk Road is in fact a relatively recent term. These ancient roads had no particular name
until in the mid-nineteenth century, Baron Ferdinand von Richthofen 1 (name) the trade and
communication network the Silk Road. Since then the term 2 (accept) globally.
In the nineteenth century, a new type of travelers stepped onto the Silk Road:
archaeologists and geographers, enthusiastic explorers who were eager 3 (look) for
adventure. Researchers who came from many countries traveled through the Taklamakan
Desert, 4 is now in Xinjiang, to explore ancient sites along the Silk Road, 5 (lead) to manydiscoveries and studies, and most of all, a renewed interest 6 the history of these routes.
Today, many historic 7 (build) and monuments still stand, marking the passage of the Silk
Road through hotels, ports and cities. What’s more, the long-standing legacy( 遗 产 ) of this
remarkable network is reflected in 8 large number of cultures, languages, customs and
religions that have developed for many years along these routes. The passage of merchants
and travelers of many 9 (difference) nationalities resulted not only in commercial exchange,
but in a widespread and continual process of cultural interaction. 10 (obvious), it has
become a driving force in the formation(形成) of diverse societies.
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了"丝绸之路"的名称由来及其地位和影响。
1.named
【解析】考查动词时态。这些古老的道路没有特定的名字直到 19 世纪中期，Baron Ferdinand von
Richthofen 将这个贸易和交流网命名为"丝绸之路"。根据句中的时间状语"in the mid-nineteenth century"
可知，此处应用一般过去时。
2.has been accepted
【解析】考查动词的时态和语态。根据常识可知，"the Skill Road"(即丝绸之路)这个名字目前仍在使用，且
句中的时间状语为"Since then"，故此处应用现在完成时;又因 the term 与 accept 为被动关系，应用被动
语态。故填 has been accepted。
3.to look
【解析】考查固定搭配。此处指那些渴望寻求冒险的探险者，be eager to do sth."渴望做某事"为固定用法，
故此处填 to look。
4.which
【解析】考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词 the Taklamakan
Desert，且空处在从句中作主语，故填 which。
5.leading
【解析】考查非谓语动词。来自许多国家的研究者们旅行穿过现今位于新疆的塔克拉玛干沙漠以探索丝绸
之路沿线的古代地点，这促成了许多发现和研究。根据句意及句子结构可知，lead 与其逻辑主语为主谓关
系，故应用其现在分词形式在句中作结果状语。
6.in
【解析】考查介词。interest 表示"兴趣，关注"时常与介词 in 搭配，表示"对……感兴趣"。
7.buildings【解析】考查名词复数。根据空前的"many historic"和空后的"monuments"可知，此处应用 building 作可
数名词，表示"建筑物"，故用其复数形式 buildings。
8.a
【解析】考查冠词。a large number of"许多"为固定搭配。
9.different
【解析】考查形容词。根据空前的"many"和空后的"nationalities"可知，此处应用形容词作定语修饰名词，
表示"许多不同国籍的商人和旅行者"。
10.Obviously
【解析】考查副词。显然，它已经成为形成多样化社会的一个驱动力。此处应用副词作状语修饰整个句子。
Cloze 4
The Great Wall of China is more than 6, 000 kilometres long. It winds 1.________ (it) way from
west to east, across deserts, over mountains, through valleys 2.________ at last it reaches the sea.
The Great Wall has a history of over twenty centuries. The first part of it 3.________(build) during
the Spring and Autumn period. During the Qin Dynasty, 4.________ (keep) the enemy out of his
empire, Emperor Qin Shi Huang had all the walls 5.________ (join) up. Thus, the Great Wall came
into being. The Great Wall is wide enough at 6.________ top for five horses or ten men to walk side
by side. Along the wall are watchtowers, 7.________ soldiers used to keep watch. Fires were lit on
the towers as a 8.________ (warn) when the enemy came.
It was 9.________ (extreme) difficult to build such a wall in the ancient days without any
modern machines. All the work was done 10.________ hand. Thousands of men died and were
buried under the wall they built. The Great Wall was made not only of stone and earth, but of the
flesh and blood of millions of men.
【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了中国长城的有关情况。
1. its
【解析】考查代词。形容词性物主代词修饰名词，故填 its。
2. till/until/and
【解析】考查连词。此处表示并列或者是＂直到最后到达海边＂，故填 till/until/and。
3. was built
【解析】考查动词的时态和语态。句意：它的第一部分是在春秋时期建成的。根据句意可知用一般过去时
的被动语态。故填 was built。4. to keep
【解析】考查非谓语动词。此处是动词不定式作目的状语，故填 to keep。
5. joined
【解析】考查非谓语动词。此处是过去分词作宾语补足语，表示被动关系，故填 joined。
6. the
【解析】考查冠词。句意：长城的顶部足够宽。此处表示特指，故填 the。
7. where
【解析】考查定语从句。此处 watchtowers 是先行词，在后面的非限制性定语从句中作地点状语，故填
where。
8. warning
【解析】考查名词。句意：作为一个警告。用名词形式，故填 warning。
9. extremely
【解析】考查副词。副词修饰形容词，故填 extremely。
10. by
【解析】考查固定词组。by hand 手工。故填 by。
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