2020 年高三英语之纠错笔记：七选五
易错点 1 忽视词汇和关键信息衔接导致的错误
(1)忽视词汇线索——代词
Until relatively recently, the vast majority of human beings lived and died without ever
seeing a city. The first city was probably founded no more than 5,500 years ago... In fact, nearly
everyone lived on farms or in tiny rural (乡村 的) villages. It was not until the 20th century that
Great Britain became the first urban society in history — a society in which the majority of people
live in cities and do not farm for a living.
Britain was only the beginning. 2 The process of urbanization — the migration (迁移)
of people from the countryside to the city — was the result of modernization, which has rapidly
transformed how people live and where they live.
D. Soon many other industrial nations became urban societies.
【错因分析】考生容易因忽视代词线索或者没有分析清楚代词所指代的对象而误选其他答案。
【试题解析】文章的第一段说英国是第一个城市化的国家，第二段接着说英国仅仅是个开始，不久许多别
的工业国家也成为城市化的社会，这里 many other 这个不定代词与前面的 Britain 呼应，因此 D 为正确答
案。
【正确答案】D
英语表达中，代词出现的频率极高。代词是指代名词或句子的，通过代词在句中的成分，可以判断它
所指代内容的类型。
在详读文章和选项的过程中，一定要注意句子中出现的人称代词或者指示代词，特别是选项中以及空
格附近句子中出现的代词。根据代词的单复数和其在句子中所作的成分，我们可以找出代词指代的名词或
者句子，从而帮助我们解题。
(2)忽视词汇线索——同义词/近义词Business management is a term used to describe the techniques of planning, direction, and
control of the operations of a business. 3 One is the establishment (制定) of broad basic
policies with respect to production; sales; the purchase of equipment, materials and supplies;
and accounting.
G. Planning in business management has three main aspects.
【错因分析】有些学生容易忽视词汇复现而误选其他答案。
【试题解析】空格前面的一句话提到了 planning，direction 和 control，同时根据空格后面的 One 的提
示，可知这里 G 中的 planning 与前面提到的 planning 是同一词。
【正确答案】G
七选五段落前后往往有同义词、近义词、近义表达语甚至相同词汇的重复使用，这是我们解题的一个很
好的判断线索。复现是保证文章前后衔接而经常使用的一种写作手段。作者在文章中会对同一个概念重复描
述，从而使得同样的意思在文章不同的地方重复出现。词汇复现通常有同义词复现、近义词复现、反义词复
现等。七选五中，词汇线索是一个十分重要的解题方法，所以，浏览文章过程中圈出关键词十分重要。
易错点 2 语意理解错误
Making good choices about your own health requires reasonable evaluation. A key first step
in bettering your evaluation ability is to look carefully at your sources of health information.
Reasonable evaluation includes knowing where and how to find relevant information, how to
separate fact from opinion, how to recognize poor reasoning, and how to analyze information
and the reliability of sources…
Go to the original source. Media reports often simplify the results of medical research. Find
out for yourself what a study really reported, and determine whether it was based on good
science. Think about the type of study. ____2____
Watch for misleading language. Some studies will find that a behavior ＂contributes to＂ or
is ＂associated with＂ an outcome; this does not mean that a certain course must lead to a
certain result… Carefully read or listen to information in order to fully understand it.Use your common sense. If a report seems too good to be true, probably it is. Be especially
careful of information contained in advertisements… Evaluate ＂ scientific ＂ statements
carefully, and be aware of quackery (江湖骗术).
G. The following suggestions can help you sort through the health information you receive
from common sources.
【错因分析】学生容易因对语意理解有误而误选其他答案。
【试题解析】这个选项是一个段落的结尾句，这种选项通常起着总结上文，提示下文的功能。根据文章第二
段、第三段、第四段的首句可以看出作者提供了一些建议，因此本空引出了下文的多个建议，故选择 G 项。
【正确答案】G
设问在段尾
所选答案应引出下一段的内容。如果在选项中找不出与前文之间的关联，此时可考虑与下一段开头是
否有关联。认真阅读下一段开头几句，看是否与选项紧密相连。注意分析其与前文是转折还是对比关系。
此时要注意在选项中查找表示转折、对比的关联词，同时注意选项中所讲内容是否与前文在同一主题上形
成对立、对比关系。如果在第一段的段尾设题，要认真阅读，看此处是细节还是主题。通常文章第一段要
提出文章的主题，如果在段尾提出主题，会用一些信号词，如转折词来引出来，正确答案中应有这样的特
征词。段尾通常是结论、概括性语句。注意在选项中查找表示结果、结论、总结等的信号词，如：therefore，
as a result，thus，hence，in short，to sum up，to conclude，in a word 等词语，选项中也可发现前文
的同义词句。
易错点 3 逻辑结构衔接理解错误
4 As part of a healthy diet, eat more fruits and vegetables each day. Vitamins (维生
素) C and E help protect eyesight and promote eye health.
A. Eat your greens.
【错因分析】本题学生容易误认为所填句子与文章逻辑结构无关而误选其他答案。
【试题解析】这是一道小标题的试题，位于整个段落的最前面，这样的选项，往往是对下面整个段落内容
的概括和总结，反映整个段落的主旨和大意。这种试题往往需要从下面的整段中搜索核心词汇，找出做题
的线索。空白处后文的内容是：作为健康饮食的一部分，每天要吃更多的水果和蔬菜。维生素 C 和 E 帮助
保护视力，促进眼睛健康。这里根据下文的核心词汇 fruits and vegetables，Vitamins 可知，A 项＂Eat yourgreens.(吃点绿色蔬菜)＂能够概括本段大意。故选 A 项。
【正确答案】A
1. 假如问题出现在段首，它通常是段落主题句
认真阅读后文内容，根据段落一致性原则，查找同义词或其他相关的词，推断出主题句。另外着重阅
读后文第一、二句，锁定线索词，然后在选项中查找相关特征词。通常正确答案的最后一句与空白后的第
一句在意思上是紧密衔接的，因此这两句间会有某种衔接手段。
2. 语篇标记语
语篇标记语是指语篇中表明各种逻辑连接关系，并对语篇连贯起指示作用的词语。语篇标记语可以是
表示时间顺序的 first，then，next 等；表达作者组织语篇方式的 for example，in other words，in short
等。语篇标记语不仅能表达相邻句子之间的关系，还能表明某一特定语篇的总体走向。因此，对语篇标记
语了解得越多，就越可以更好地理解文章的结构和要表达的内容。
3. 空前空后
一篇文章的句与句之间必然有一定的逻辑关联，如果我们把其中一句抽掉，必然会影响其逻辑意义的
顺畅发展。比如说空前空后的两句讨论的不是同一个主题，那么空格处所在的句子一般会起转折、改变话
题等作用。
(1)从行文逻辑上判断——例证关系
前后句的某句是为了证明另一句而举的例子。例证的形式具有多样性，思维过程基本是归纳(从例子到
观点)和推理(从观点到例子)。
Protect against UV rays ( 紫 外 线 ). Long-term stay in the sun creates risk to your eyes. No
matter what the season is, it’s extremely important to wear sunglasses. 2
C. They can properly protect your eyes.
【 解 析】 空 白 处前 面 的 句 子 No matter what the season is ， it’s extremely important to wear
sunglasses.意为＂无论是什么季节，戴太阳镜是极其重要的＂，属于总结概括句。选项 C 意为＂它们可以
适当地保护你的眼睛＂，本句是对上句观点的举例说明，能很好地顺接语境。故选 C。
【答案】C
(2)从行文逻辑上判断——转折关系转折关系主要指英语行文中后句对前句构成逆转的逻辑关系。如果空格前后两句话之间有 however(然
而)，nevertheless(然而，不过)，still(还，仍然)，though(可是，不过，然而)，yet(然而)，on the contrary(正
相反)，in contrast(与此相反，相比之下)，in comparison(比较起来，与……比较)，by comparison(相
比之下)等词，则表明前后两句话存在逻辑上的逆转，空格处很有可能表示转折。
Don’t forget to forgive yourself. 5 But it can rob you of your self-confidence if you
don’t do it.
E. For some people, forgiving themselves is the biggest challenge.
【解析】E 项中的信息 forgiving themselves 与本段的主题＂不要忘记原谅你自己＂意义一致，并且选项 E
与后面的句子之间用 but 连接，有转折的语气，因此构成了一种意义上的对比关系，尤其是 but 这个词，
更加突出了对比的意义，因此选项 E 符合这里的意义和结构。
【答案】E
(3)从行文逻辑上判断——因果关系
做题时最重要的是要在读懂空格前后的句子的基础上，依据彼此的关系来确认答案。有时，前后的句
子之间出现 as a result(结果)，thus/therefore(因此)，so(such)...that(如此……以至于)等标志性词语，表
明前后句有着原因和结果的关系，说明前因后果或者前果后因等情况。
Large cities were impossible until agriculture became industrialized. Even in advanced
agricultural societies, it took about ninety-five people on farms to feed five people in cities.
4
A. That kept cities very small.
【解析】空格的上一句话提到了，即使在先进的农业社会，也需要大约 95 个农民养活 5 个城市人，这只有
一个结果，就是使得城市很小，与 A 项信息呼应。
【答案】A
(4)从行文逻辑上判断——递进关系
递进关系主要指英语行文中后句对前句是一种顺承逻辑关系。如果空格前后两句话之间有 also(也，而
且)，further(进一步地，而且)，furthermore(而且，此外)，likewise(同样地，也)，similarly(相同地，类
似地)，moreover(而且，此外)，in addition(另外，加之)，what’s more(更重要的是)，not only...but
also(不但……而且……)等连接词或词组，则表明前后两句是逻辑上的递进关系，空格处很有可能是个递进的句子。
Over the past two centuries, the Industrial Revolution has broken this balance between the
city and the country. _____5____ Today, instead of needing ninety-five farmers to feed five city
people, one American farmer is able to feed more than a hundred non-farmers.
F. Modernization drew people to the cities and made farmers more productive.
【解析】空格前面的一句话提到，在过去的两个世纪里，工业革命打破了城乡之间的平衡。后一句话提到，
现在的情况不需要 95 个农民养活 5 个城市人了，在美国一个农民就能养活一百多个非农民，与 F 项信息，
即：＂现代化把人们吸引到城市里来，并使得农民更加多产＂一致。
【答案】F
(5)从行文逻辑上判断——并列关系
如果空格前后两句话之间有 first(首先，第一)，second(第二)，third(第三)；firstly(第一，首先)，
secondly(第二(点)，其次)，thirdly(第三)；first(第一)，next(其次)，then(那么，然后)；in the first place(第
一，首先)，in the second place(第二，其次)；for one thing(首先，一则)，for another(其次)；to begin
with(首先，第一)等词或词组，则表明前后两句是逻辑上的并列关系，空格处很有可能是个并列的句子。
One is the establishment (制定) of broad basic policies with respect to production; sales; the
purchase of equipment, materials and supplies; and accounting. 4 The third relates
to the establishment of standards of work in all departments.
E. The second aspect relates to the application of these policies by departments.
【解析】根据上文所提到的 One 和下文所提到的 The third 可知，这里是按照顺序排列，此处应该是第二
条，与 E 项 The second aspect...相呼应。
【答案】E
【解题步骤】
1. 通读全文
快速浏览文章，把握文章结构及主要内容，寻找主题句。
2. 定位选项
明确各备选选项的含义，抓住其关键词语，围绕文章的整体结构与具体内容，将选项填入文中，填写时尤其要注意各选项中出现的句子衔接手段及句中的衔接标志词。
3. 通读复检
将所选答案代入文中，再次通读全文，重点检查逻辑关系。
4. 确定排除
研究多余选项，确定排除理由，以防造成易混选项误选，最终确定答案。
【解题策略】
熟练利用三种衔接手段——词汇衔接、逻辑衔接、结构衔接。
1. 词汇衔接
词汇衔接可分为：
（1）代词
英语表达中代词出现的频率很高，代词的作用是指代前面提及的名词或形容词概念，利用指代关系或根
据代词的单复数差异可以准确而快速地解题。
（2）同义词/近义词
英语前言后语之间常有同义词、近义词、近义表达结构甚至相同词汇的重复使用，这是解题的很好的判
断线索。
（3）上下义词/同一范畴词
什么是上下义词或同一范畴词？举例说明。如：job 和 driver 之间就是上下义词，因为前者包含了后者。
driver 和 doctor 之间则是同一范畴的关系，都属于 job。
2. 逻辑衔接
逻辑衔接可分为：
（1）解释关系：前后句之间含有解释的逻辑关系，这样的逻辑关系较隐蔽。
（2）例证关系：前后句的某句是为了证明另一句而举的例子。
（3） 因果关系：前后句的逻辑是因果关系，常见的逻辑表达有：because, for, since, as, the reason
is that, result in/from, due to, in response to 等。
（4）顺逆关系：如果空格前后两句话之间是逻辑上的逆转，则空格处很可能是表转折意义的句子。
（5）总分结构关系：英语文章大多数都是总分结构。
3. 结构衔接
结构衔接包括：
（1）描述性结构（主要介绍事物、问题的特点或对人物进行描述，因此时间、地点往往是出题的重点）；（2）释义性结构（解释某一理论、学科、事物，主要用举例、比喻来阐述）；
（3）比较性结构（把两个人或事物的功能、特点、优缺点进行对比）；
（4）原因性结构（这种结构主要分析事物的成因，有客观的、主观的、直接的和间接的等）；
（5）驳斥性结构（这种结构主要是先介绍一种观点，然后对其进行评论或驳斥，再分析其优点、危害性，
最后阐明自己的观点）。
【特别注意】
辨别语境线索：
语境线索主要指反应上下文关系的衔接手段，如篇章结构、词语重现、逻辑、连接、指称、同构等。
词语重现是指词语的重复出现，不是指词语的简单重现，而是指某词语可能以不同词类、词性、数、格、
时态、语态等形式出现，还可能是以同义词、近义词甚至反义词等形式出现。（关键词）
逻辑是事物之间内在的、必然的联系，包括时间先后关系、空间位置关系、因果关系、归纳总结关系、总
分关系等。
连接是指用连接词或连接语表明上下文之间的逻辑关系，如 and, however。（并列关系、转折关系）
指称是指用代词替代前文已出现的人物、事件、物品等，如 he, she, they。
同构是指上下文使用了同一或类似的句式。
【答题探究】
一、选项特点
(1)主旨概括句（文章整体内容）
(2)过渡性句子（文章结构）
(3)注释性句子（上下文逻辑意义）
二、解题技巧
1. 查看有无主题句：段首或段尾
2. 看空前空后内容，分析之间的逻辑性
3. 观察语法关系：同义词或近义词的重复使用、名词单复数及动词时态的变化、动宾搭配等
4. 注意代词或定冠词：it, they, this, the…
5. 注意特殊疑问词及标点符号: why, where, when, what…
6. 注意连词: however, so, though, not only…but also, also ...
7. 灵活掌握答题顺序8. 看选项，初步排除含有无关内容的选项。
三、七选五解题的三个切入点
1. 从语境入手
在做题时最重要的是要读懂空白前后的句子，明白这几句话的确切意思，然后根据意思的连贯性或逻
辑性从选项中选取正确答案。在读懂意思的基础上，再利用线索特征词等进一步确认答案。
2. 从词汇入手
做题时很重要的一点是保持对一些线索词的敏感，最主要的线索特征词是空白前后的名词和动词，寻
找答案时注意在选项中查找同义词、近义词、反义词或表示同一类事物的词语等。其次是代词、数词、表
示时间/年代的词、地点/名称等专有名词等。尤其是在读不懂句子的情况下，利用这样的线索词寻找答案是
很有效的方法。
3. 从逻辑关系入手
由于英语的句、段之间经常会运用关联词表示衔接和过渡，使文章逻辑更清楚和连贯，因此文章中和
选项中表示各种逻辑关系的路标性信号词在选择答案时都是很重要的线索。
在做题时可将这三个层面的线索很好地结合起来。例如，在看到表示并列或递进关系的关联词时，一
般表示前后句子的名词或句意具有同指性；而表示转折让步关系的词则往往表示前后句子的名词同指，但
句意对立，或褒贬对立或肯否对立；而表示例证关系的词则意味着在举例之前或之后有表述概念或某一观
点的句子，往往会有复数名词出现。常见的关联词主要有：
并列与递进关系：and, or, also, neither, nor, either, or, likewise, similarly, equally, in the same way,
that is to say, as well as, the same as, besides, additionally, furthermore, moreover, in addition to,
what’s more 等。
因果关系：because, for, since, as, thus, hence, therefore, so, so that, consequently, accordingly,
due to, thanks to, as a result, because of, in that, for this reason, of course 等。
转折关系：but, however, yet, on the contrary, by contrast, on the other hand, unfortunately, while,
whereas, unlike, rather than, instead of, it is true that, of course, although, though, even though,
even if, nevertheless, despite, in spite of 等。
时 间 关 系 ： afterwards, at first, at last, finally, first, firstly, in the first place, to start with, in the
meantime, last, later, next, second, secondly, then, third, thirdly, to begin with 等。
四、解题步骤
具体答题步骤如下：
1. 通读全文，理解大意，画出关键词先快速浏览全文，寻找主题句，快速掌握文章的主题及主要内容。在浏览完全文，对全文的大意有所
了解后，我们应该顺次浏览一下所有的选项。在浏览的过程中，要特别注意选项中出现的与原文相同或者
相似的词语，如果遇到这种情况，可以试着把选项代入原文，看看是否符合上下文逻辑。
2. 分析衔接手段，初步试填
文章正文部分通常分为若干小段落。详细阅读，明确各段的主旨，并找出各个小段落的关键词，为解
题做好铺垫。然后再明确各选项的含义，抓住其关键词语。
一般来说，文章的行文需要通过一定的衔接手段来实现。文章的衔接手段有：重复使用某一词语或其
近义词，用总称指代具体事物或用具体事物指代整体，使用代词避免重复，使用语篇标记语连接句子等，
即词汇衔接、逻辑衔接、结构衔接。我们要对文章汇总出现的衔接手段保持敏感度。有时候我们在读文章
时即使没有发现明显的衔接手段，也能感觉到字里行间千丝万缕的逻辑关联。
3. 做好标记，排除干扰项
一旦确定一个选项，就在该选项上做出标记(如删除符号)，以避免其干扰和分散我们的注意力。我们在选
完答案后，还要注意对多余选项进行对比分析。由于多余选项可能会与某个正确选项的内容相近，所以我
们要对其进行研究，确定排除理由，从而选出正确答案。
4. 代入重读，确定答案
最后，我们还需要将选项代入到文章重读，检查文章逻辑是否合理、语义是否清晰、语句是否连贯通畅，
从而判断所选答案是否正确。
【特别注意】
解七选五类型的题目需注意以下几点：
1. 根据解题技巧可能发现有两处或三处与该空格有关系，此时必须要冷静分析哪一个选项与该段或整篇文
章关系最紧密。
2. 对该题型大家关注的内容主要是空格前后的内容，在把握好整篇文章主题的前提下，无需对离空格太远
的句子进行分析。
3. 分析选项中的时态是否与全文时态吻合，不能吻合的选项可直接排除。
【巧学妙记】
七选五解题口诀
口诀一：
七选五，重结构；
给标题，猜大意；段首句，主题句；
空前后，靠逻辑；
陈述否定祈使句。
看标点，大小写；
冠名代，特关键；
K(=key words)F(=foretelling)C(=connection)，细品味；
主旨过渡细节类。
口诀二：
文章标题猜大意，段首段尾主题句；
空前空后逻辑性，同义举例与对比；
代词冠词大小写，标点符号关键词；
相似句式或排比，多个条款要对起。
高考真题
题组一 2019 年真题
Passage 1（2019·新课标全国卷 I）
Is Fresh Air Really Good for You?
We all grew up people tell us to “go out and get some fresh air.” ____36____ According to
recent studies，the answer is a big YES，if the air quality in your camping area is good.
___37___ If the air you’re breathing is clean-which it would be if you’re away from the
smog of cities-then the air is filled with life-giving，energizing oxygen. If you exercise out of doors，
your body will learn to breathe more deeply ， allowing even more oxygen to get to your
muscles(肌肉)and your brain.
Recently ， people have begun studying the connection between the natural world and
healing( 治 愈 ). _____38_____ In these places patients can go to be near nature during their
recovery. It turns out that just looking at green，growing things can reduce stress，lower blood
pressure，and put people into a better mood(情绪).Greenery is good for us. Hospital patients who
see tree branches out their window are likely to recover at a faster rate than patients who seebuildings or sky instead. ______39______ It gives us a great feeling of peace.
___40___While the sun's rays can age and harm our skin, they also give is beneficial Vitamin D.
To make sure you get enough Vitamin D—but still protect your skin— put on sunscreen right as
you head outside. It takes sunscreen about fifteen minutes to start working, and that's plenty of
time for your skin to absorb a day's worth of Vitamin D.
A. Fresh air cleans our lungs.
B. So what are you waiting for?
C. Being in nature refreshes us.
D. Another side benefit of getting fresh air is sunlight.
E. But is fresh air really as good for you as your mother always said?
F. Just as importantly, we tend to associate air with health care.
G. All across the country, recovery centers have begun building Healing Gardens.
【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了新鲜空气的好处：新鲜空气中的氧气，阳光对人们的身心
健康均有好处。人们已经开始利用大自然和治愈疾病的关系，建造“康复花园”，治疗病人了。
36. E 【解析】根据下一句中的“the answer is a big YES”可知，该空应该是一个一般疑问句，选项中只
有 E 选项是一般疑问句。故选 E：但是新鲜空气真得像你母亲说的那样对你有好处吗？空前的 people
tell us to “go out and get some fresh air”和选项中的“your mother always said”亦是呼应。
37. A 【解析】根据下一句中提到的“If the air you’re breathing is clean…the air is filled with
life-giving, energizing oxygen”可知，新鲜空气充满赋予人生命的，充满活力的氧气。下文中
“…breathe more deeply, allowing more oxygen to get to your muscles and your brain”
是对前文的递进：在户外，更多的氧气进入你的肌肉和大脑。根据前面的分析可以推知，该空应该
提到新鲜空气的基本作用，根据常识，我们知道吸入的空气首先进入的是肺部，然后才会使我们的
肌肉和大脑受益，故该空应选 A 选项：新鲜空气清洁我们的肺部。
38. G 【解析】根据下一句中提到的“these places”可以推知，该空应该提到表示地点的复数名词。选
项中只有 G 选项提到该类名词，故选项 G：在全国，康复中心已经开始建造“康复花园”。these
places 就是指 Healing Gardens。
39. C 【解析】前文介绍的是“康复花园”中的绿色植物对于病人康复的好的作用：绿色的正在成长的植
物可以减轻压力，降低血压，使人情绪良好。空后提到“它给我们一种平和感”。该空起承上启下
的作用，仍然要提到处于“康复花园”这种自然环境中的好处，空后的 it 也要指代这种情况。故 C
选项切题：身处大自然可以使人精神焕发。40. D 【解析】根据下文中提到的“the sun’s rays…give us beneficial Vitamin D”可知，该段介绍的
阳光的好处。故该选项应该提到阳光。选项中只有 D 选项涉及阳光。故选 D：获得新鲜空气的另一
个好处是阳光。
Passage 2（2019·新课标全国卷 II）
Imagine a child standing on a diving board four feet high and asking himself the
question:“Should I jump? This is what motivation or the lack of it can do. Motivation and goal
setting are the two sides of same coin. ___36___Like the child on the diving board, you will
stay undecided.
___37___ More than that, how should you stay motivated to achieve the goal? First, you
need to evaluate yourself , your values your strengths, your weaknesses, your achievements,
your desires ,etc. Only then should your you’re your goals
You also need to judge the quality and depth of your motivation. This is quite important,
because it is directly related to your commitment. There are times when your heart is not in your
work. ___38___ So, slow down and think what you really want to do at that moment. Clarity(清
晰)of thoughts can help you move forward.
Another way of setting realistic goals is to analyze your short and long term objectives,
keeping in mind your beliefs, values and strengths. Remember that goals are flexible.____39____
They also need to be measurable. You must keep these points in mind while setting your goals.
Your personal circumstances are equally important. For example, you may want to be a
Pilot but can’t become one because your eyesight is not good enough.____40____You should
reassess your goals, and motivate yourself to set a fresh goal.
You will surely need to overcome some difficulties, some planned, but most unplanned. You
cannot overcome them without ample motivation. Make sure that you plan for these difficulties
at the time of setting your goals.
A. This can affect your work.
B. So how should you motivate yourself?
C. However, this should not discourage you.
D. So why should we try to set specific goals?
E. They can change according to circumstances.
F. Motivation is what you need most to do a good job.G. Without motivation you can neither set a goal nor reach it
【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。文章作者对于怎样设定具体目标，给出了一些方法。
36. G 【解析】上文说“动机和目标设定是同一枚硬币的两面”。下文说“就像孩子在跳水台，难以决定”。
该空承上启下，G 选项“没有目标，你就既不能设定目标，也无法实现它”切题，故选 G。
37. B 【解析】下文说“不仅如此，你应该如何为实现你的目标保持积极性”。该空引出下文，B 选项“那
么你应该如何激励自己呢”切题，故选 B。
38. A 【解析】上文说“有时候你的心不在工作上”，下文说“所以，减慢速度，想一想那时候，你到底想
干什么”。该空承上启下，A 选项“这会影响你的工作”切题，故选 A。
39. E 【解析】上文说“记得，目标是灵活的”。该空承接上文，E 选项“它们会根据环境的改变而改变”
切题，故选 E。
40. C 【解析】上文说“你可能想当一名飞行员，但是不能成为一名飞行员，因为你的视力不够好。”下
文说“你应该重新评估你的目标，并且设定一个新的目标”。该空承上启下，C 选项“然而，这也
不要使你沮丧”切题，故选 C。
Passage 3（2019·新课标全国卷 III）
In an online class, developing healthy patterns of communication with professors is very
important. ___36___ While I have only listed two of each, there are obviously many other
situations that can arise. Students should be able to extend the logic( 逻 辑 )of each to their
particular circumstance.
Do's
• ___37___ Questions about subject content are generally welcomed. Before asking
questions about the course design, read the syllabus( 教 学 大 纲 )and learning management
system information to be sure the answer isn't hiding in plain sight.
• Participate in discussion forums(论坛), blogs and other open-ended forums for dialogue.
___38___ Be sure to stay on topic and not offer irrelevant information. Make a point, and make it
safe for others to do the same.
Don'ts
• Don't share personal information or stories. Professors are not trained nurses, financial aid
experts or your best friends. If you are in need of a deadline extension, simply explain the
situation to the professor. ___39___
• Don't openly express annoyance at a professor or class. ___40___ When a student attacksa professor on the social media, the language used actually says more about the student. If
there is truly a concern about a professor's professionalism or ability, be sure to use online course
evaluations to calmly offer your comments.
A. That's what they are for.
B. Turn to an online instructor for help.
C. If more information is needed, they will ask.
D. Remember that online professors get a lot of emails.
E. Below are some common do's and don' ts for online learners.
F. Everyone has taken a not-so-great class at one time or another.
G. Ask questions, but make sure they are good, thoughtful questions.
【文章大意】本文为说明文。在网络课堂上，与教授建立健康的交流模式是非常重要的，作者在文中
列举了一些规矩与禁忌。
36. E 【解析】根据文章段落结构和本段首句 In an online class, developing healthy patterns of
communication with professors is very important，可知，在网络课堂上，与教授建立健康的交
流模式是非常重要的，作者在下文中列举了一些规矩与禁忌，故选项 E 符合语境。
37. G 【解析】根据其后一句 Questions about subject content are generally welcomed.（与课程内
容相关的问题是受欢迎的），解释了什么样的问题是好问题，可知，与 G 项“make sure they are
good, thoughtful questions”相呼应，要提一些好的令人深思的问题，故选 G。
38. A 【解析】根据前一句 Participate in discussion forums（论坛）, blogs and other open-ended
forums for dialogue.可知，要参与论坛讨论、博客和其他开放式的对话论坛。而这正是网络课堂采
用的交流的途径，故选 A。
39. C 【解析】根据本段 Professors are not trained nurses, financial aid experts or your best friends
教授不是训练有素的护士，不是经济援助专家，也不是你最好的朋友，可知，不要分享个人信息或
故事，如果他们需要更多信息的话，他们会主动问起的，故选项 C 符合语境。
40. F 【解析】通读本段，并根据本段主题句 Don’t openly express annoyance at a professor or class.
告诫读者，每个人都可能曾经上过不太好的课，不要在社交媒体上攻击教授，不要公开表达对教授
或班级的不满，要利用课程评价冷静地提出你的意见。选项 F 符合上下文语境。
Passage 4（2019·北京卷）
Much of the work in today’s world is accomplished(完成)in teams. Most people believe the
best way to build a great team is to gather a group of the most talentedindividuals._____46_____Companies spend millions hiring top business people. Is their money well
spent？
___47___They focused on football，basketball and baseball. The results are mixed For football
and basketball，adding talented players to a team proves a good method，but only up to the
point where 70% of the players are top talent ； above that level, the team’s performance
begins to decline. Interestingly，this trend isn’t evident in baseball. where additional individual
talent keeps improving the team’s performance.
To explain this phenomenon ， the researchers explored the degree to which a good
performance by a team requires its members to coordinate(协调)their actions.______48______In
baseball，the performance of individual players is less dependent on teammates. They conclude
that when task interdependence is high，team performance will suffer when there is too much
talent ， while individual talent will have positive effects on team performance when task
interdependence is lower. If a basketball star is. for example，trying to gain a high personal point
total，he may take a shot himself when it would be better to pass the ball to a teammate ，
affecting the team's performance. Young children learning to play team sports are often told，
“There is no I in TEAM.”___49___
Another possibility is that when there is a lot of talent on a team，some players may make less
effort. Just as in a game of tug-of-war(拔河比赛)，whenever a person is added，everyone else
pulls the rope with less force.
___50___.An A-team may require a balance-not just A players，but a few generous B players
as well.
A. It's not a simple matter to determine the nature of talent.
B. Sports team owners spend millions of dollars attracting top talent
C. The group interaction and its effect drew the researchers' attention.
D. Stars apparently do not follow this basic principle of sportsmanship.
E. Several recent studies examined the role of talent in the sports world.
F. Building up a dream team is more complex than simply hiring the best talent.
G. This task interdependence distinguishes baseball from football and basketball.
【文章大意】这是一篇夹叙夹议的文章。文章主要讲了建立一支最佳阵容球队比简单地雇佣最优秀的
人才要复杂得多。一支一流球队可能需要一种平衡——不仅仅是最好球员，也需要一些优雅量的普通球员。46.B 【解析】上文说“大多数人相信建立一个伟大团队的最好方法就是聚集一群最有天赋的人个人”。下
文说“公司花费数百万雇佣顶级商业人士。”该空承上启下，也是在举例，B 选项“运动队老板花费
数百万美元吸引顶尖人才。”切题，故选 B。
47.E 【解析】下文说“他们专注于足球、篮球和篮球。结果有好有坏。”该空引出下文，E 选项“最近的
几项研究调查了体育世界中人才的作用。”切题，故选 E。
48.G 【解析】上文说“为了解释这一现象，研究人员探索了一场好的表现要求队员们协调他们行动的程
度”，下文说明了研究结果，该空承上启下，G 选项“这项任务的相互依赖性使棒球区别于足球和
篮球。”切题，故选 G。
49.D 【解析】上文说了“一个球星为了个人得分，而影响团队的表现”，该空承接上文，D 选项“球星显
然没有遵守运动员精神的基本原则”切题，故选 D。
50.F 【解析】下文说“一支一流球队可能需要一种平衡——不仅仅是最好球员，也需要一些优雅量的普通
球员。”该空引出下文，F 选项“建立一支最佳阵容球队比简单地雇佣最优秀的人才要复杂得多。”
切题，故选 F。
Passage 5（2019·浙江卷）
Rock music consists of many different styles. Even though there is a common spirit among all
music groups, they make very different music. ___31___ At that time the Beatles entered the
world of music from Liverpool.
After they were given an invitation to appear live on BBC, the Beatles quickly became
famous in Britain with nationwide tours. By mid-1963, the Beatles had been extremely popular in
England. ___32___ They held large concerts and performed at clubs. They became the hottest
thing on the pop music scene in England. They began as a modestly successful musician group
and ended the year as show business legends(传说). John Lennon and Paul McCartney were
named composers of the year.
___33___ They were not sure how the Americans would react to the new type of music.
Beatlemania hit New York on February 7, 1964. Hundreds of fans jammed the airport to greet
them. ___34___ The concert was broadcast live and attracted the largest one night audience in
the history of television up to that time. The Beatles were described as a British invasion(入侵)by
local and nationwide newspapers at that time. Their victory in America was still remembered as
a major turning point in the history of rock and roll. Thanks to the Beatles, a lot of opportunities
were opened up to new faces on the market. ___35___A. They decided on a tour to the United States in 1964.
B. Even their hairstyles became major trends at that time.
C. Rock music developed in the 1950s and the early 1960s.
D. However, their songs changed the lives of generations to come.
E. Many rock bands were able to follow in the footsteps of the Beatles.
F. They appeared in the films A Hard Day's Night(1964)and Help！(1965).
G. They performed their first concert in America at CBS television's 53rd street studio.
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文中讲述了披头士的发展和影响，引领了一种潮流趋势。
31. C 【解析】第一段讲述摇滚音乐，根据空后的 at that time 可知前句提到了时间，而且与 rock music
有关，选项中只有 C 项讲的是摇滚音乐，并且讲述了其发展的时间，故选 C。
32. B 【解析】空前后都是讲述披头士的出名程度，根据空前 extremely popular in England, 以及后文的
they became the hottest thing 可知此处描述了他们的影响，选项 B （甚至他们的发型在那时也
成为了一种潮流）符合文意，且关键词 even 是一个提示，故选 B。
33.A 【解析】根据空后 They were not sure how the Americans would react to the new type of
music.（他们不确定美国人怎样反应），可知他们首次来美国演出，所以 A 项（决定首次到美国开巡
回演出）符合文意，故选 A。
34. G 【解析】根据空后 The concert was broadcast live...可知前句中应该出现 concert，选项 G 中的
关键词 their first concert 前后呼应。故选 G。
35. E 【解析】根据空前（由于披头士，市场上出现了很多机会），E 项（很多新乐队（新面孔）都是模仿
披头士），符合逻辑。故选 E。
题组二 2018 年真题
Passage 1（2018·新课标全国卷 I）
Color is fundamental in home design — something you’ll always have in every room. A
grasp of how to manage color in your spaces is one of the first steps to creating rooms you’ll
love to live in. Do you want a room that’s full of life? Professional? Or are you just looking for a
place to relax after a long day? 36 , color is the key to making a room feel the way you
want it to feel.
Over the years, there have been a number of different techniques to help designers
approach this important point. 37 , they can get a little complex. But good news is thatthere’re really only three kinds of decisions you need to make about color in your home: the
small ones, the medium ones, and the large ones.
38 . They’re the little spots of color like throw pillows, mirrors and baskets that most of
us use to add visual interest to our rooms. Less tiring than painting your walls and less expensive
than buying a colorful sofa, small color choices bring with them the significant benefit of being
easily changeable.
Medium color choices are generally furniture pieces such as sofas, dinner tables or
bookshelves. 39 . They require a bigger commitment than smaller ones, and they have a
more powerful effect on the feeling of a space.
The large color decisions in your rooms concern the walls, ceilings, and floors. Whether
you’re looking at wallpaper or paint, the time, effort and relative expense put into it are
significant. 40 .
A. While all of them are useful
B. Whatever you’re looking for
C. If you’re experimenting with a color
D. Small color choices are the ones we’re most familiar with
E. It’s not really a good idea to use too many small color pieces
F. So it pays to be sure, because you want to get it right the first time
G. Color choices in this range are a step up from the small ones in two major ways
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了室内设计中颜色的选择问题。
36. B 【解析】36 题以逗号结尾，后面另起一个简单句，可以从句子结构排除 D,E,F,G 项。根据前文的三
个问句可知，此处是从中选择一种。故选 B（不管你寻找哪一种） 。
37. A 【解析】前文：在过去的许多年里，有许多技术帮助设计者实现这一要点；下文：它们有点复杂。所
以 A（然而他们都很有用）承上启下。符合题意。
38. D 【解析】本空是一个主题句，总说选择小颜色是我们很熟悉的方法。后文分说小颜色的具体用途。故
选 D。
39.G 【解析】根据前文“中型颜色选择通常是指一些例如沙发，餐桌或者书架等家具的颜色选择”接着表
明这种范围的颜色选择是对小型颜色选择在两种方式上的进一步提示，故选 G。
40.F 【解析】前文 the time, effort and relative expense put into it are significant 你所付诸的时间、
精力和相关的费用是巨大的。后文 F 那肯定是值得的，因为你想第一次把它弄好。故选 F。Passage 2（2018·新课标全国卷 II）
If you are already making the time to exercise, it is good indeed! With such busy lives, it can
be hard to try and find the time to work out. ___36___ Working out in the morning provides
additional benefits beyond being physically fit.
Your productivity is improved. Exercising makes you more awake and ready to handle
whatever is ahead of you for the day.___37___
Your metabolism(新陈代谢) gets a head start. ___38___ If you work out in the mornings, then
you will be getting the calorie(卡路里)burning benefits for the whole day, not in your sleep.
___39___ Studies found that people who woke up early for exercise slept better than those
who exercised in the evening. Exercise energizes you, so it is more difficult to relax and have a
peaceful sleep when you are very excited.
___40___ If you work out bright and early in the morning, you will be more likely to stick to
healthy food choices throughout the day. Who would want to ruin their good workout by eating
junk food? You will want to continue to focus on positive choices.
There are a lot of benefits to working out, especially in the mornings. Set your alarm clock an
hour early and push yourself to work out! You will feel energized all day long.
A. You will stick to your diet.
B. Your quality of sleep improves.
C. You prefer healthy food to fast food.
D. There is no reason you should exercise in the morning.
E. You can keep your head clear for 4-10 hours after exercise.
F. After you exercise, you continue to burn calories throughout the day.
G. If you are planning to do exercise regularly, or you’re doing it now, then listen up!
【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。列举了早晨锻炼对人体的四条好处，号召人们早点起床，进行身体锻
炼。
36.G 【解析】根据空前的内容“生活忙碌没有时间锻炼”和空后的内容“晨练除了身体健康之外，还能
带来其他好处”，下文接着列举了晨练的其他好处。由此可知，此处缺一个承上启下句。G 项中 then
listen up!（那么请仔细听!）很好的起到了承上启下的作用。故选 G。
37.E 【解析】根据上一句 Exercising makes you more awake（锻炼能让你更清醒），E 项（你可以在运
动后保持头脑清醒 4-10 个小时。）是对上一句的进一步解释。故选 E。38.F 【解析】空前句子是本段的主题句，晨练是新陈代谢的开始，空后句子说如果晨练，则你会得到卡路
里一整天都在燃烧的益处，F 项（锻炼之后，你一整天都在燃烧卡路里。）是空后句子的根据，空后
句子是对 F 项的进一步延伸。故选 F。
39.B 【解析】此处缺一个主题句。空后句子解释了早起锻炼的人比晚上锻炼的人睡得更好。B 项（你的睡
眠质量提高了。）是对后面内容的总述。故选 B。
40.A 【解析】根据空后句子“If you work out bright and early in the morning, you will be more likely
to stick to healthy food choices throughout the day.（如果你在早晨锻炼身体，你将更有可能
坚持健康的食物选择。）”，A 项(你将坚持你的饮食。)符合本段内容，是主题句，起到统领下文的
作用。故选 A。
Passage 3（2017·新课标全国卷 III）
Before there was the written word, there was the language of dance. Dance expresses love
and hate, joy and sorrow ,life and death, and everything else in between.
___36___We dance from Florida to Alaska, from north to south and sea to sea. We dance at
weddings, birthdays , office parties and just to fill the time.
“I adore dancing,” says Lester Bridges, the owner of a dance studio in Iowa. “I can't
imagine doing anything else with my life." Bridges runs dance classes for all ages. "Teaching
dance is wonderful. ____37____It's great to watch them. For many of them, it's a way of meeting
people and having a social life."
___38___"I can tell you about one young couple," says Bridges. “They're learning to do
traditional dances. They arrive at the class in low spirits and they leave with a smile.
_____39_____”
So, do we dance in order to make ourselves feel better, calmer, healthier? Andrea Hillier
says,“Dance, like the pattern of a beating heart, is life. Even after all these years, I want to get
better and better.____40____ I find it hard to stop! Dancing reminds me I'm alive."
A. So why do we dance?
B. Dance in the U.S.is everywhere.
C. If you like dancing outdoors, come to America.
D. My older students say it makes them feel young.
E. I keep practicing even When I'm extremely tired.
F. Dancing seems to change their feeling completely.G. They stayed up all night long singing and dancing.
【文章大意】本文为说明文。文章主要介绍了跳舞的好处。
36.B 【解析】根据空后的内容 We dance from Florida to Alaska, from north to south and sea to sea.
We dance at weddings, birthdays , office parties and just to fill the time.可知，这里是说遭美
国都有人跳舞
从弗罗里达到阿拉斯加，从北到南等，因此 B 项符合题意。
37.D 【解析】根据前文舞蹈课为各个年龄阶段的人架起了桥梁，教跳舞是非常好的，再根据后句 it’s great
to watch them，根据人称可知是在谈论他们，所以 D 和 F 符合，再根据本段最后一句可知，此段
主要介绍了跳舞对他们的好处，故选 D。
38.A 【解析】根据第四段后句，是通过举例介绍人们跳舞的原因，故选 A。
39.F 【解析】根据前句 they arrive at the class in low spirits and they leave with a smile, 所以他们
的心情彻底改变，故选 F。
40.E 【解析】根据文章前后句可知，此处人称为第一人称，所以 E 符合语境，作者结合自己的跳舞经历
介绍了跳舞给自己带来的好处。
Passage 4（2018·浙江卷）
Moving into a new home in a new neighborhood is an exciting experience. Of course, you
want to make sure that you become an acceptable and valuable part of your neighborhood .
the easiest way to accomplish this is to make sure you conduct yourself as a good neighbor
should. ___31_____
Perhaps one of the most important things you can do as a good neighbor is to keep your
property(房产) neat, clean, and in good repair. _____32_ __ By choosing to keep the outside of
the home in great shape, you will help to improve the look and feel of the area.
Second, take the overall appearance of the neighborhood seriously. When going for a
walk，take a small garbage bag. ____33_____ This small act will let your neighbors know that you
care about the area.
_____34____ If a neighbor is going to be out of town, offer to collect mail and newspapers. If
a neighbor suffers an illness, offer to do the grocery shopping . Let them know you are there to
help in any way that is acceptable, while still respecting the privacy of your neighbor.
_____35__ _ By following the basic rules of respecting others, taking care of what belongs to
you, and taking pride in the appearance of the neighborhood in general, you will quicklybecome a good neighbor that everyone appreciate.
A. In general, keep an eye on their property while they are gone.
B.A good neighbor is also one who likes to help out in small ways.
C. Being a good neighbor is more or less about considerate behavior.
D. Sometimes neighbors may go to the supermarket together to do shopping.
E. Should you come across waste paper thrown out of a passing car, pick it up.
F. People tend to take pride in keeping everything in their street fresh and inviting.
G. Here are a few tips to help you win over everyone in the neighborhood quickly
【文章大意】怎样成为一个邻居都喜欢的人，作者给了几点建议。
31.G 【解析】考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。本段讲如果你想成为邻居中一个可以接受和有价值
的部分，最简单的方法就是确保你的行为举止像一个好邻居。下文是具体做法，G 项：这里有一
些技巧，可以帮助你迅速赢得邻居的信赖。承上启下，故选 G。
32.F 【解析】考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。本段介绍和邻居关系融洽最重要的是保持干净整洁的
户内户外环境，F 项中 keeping everything in their street fresh and inviting. 保持街上的一切新鲜
和诱人，与本段意思一致，故选 F。
33.E 【解析】考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。本段主要建议要重视社区的整体面貌，出门拿上一个
垃圾袋，E 项：遇到从路过的汽车里扔出的废纸，把它捡起来。与上句连接，是拿垃圾袋的作用。故
选 E。
34.B 【解析】考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。本段是建议用邻居可以接受的方式帮助他们，同时尊
重邻居的隐私。B 项：好邻居就是喜欢在小的方面帮助别人的人，符合本段内容，故选 B。
35.C 【解析】考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。最后一段是总结，只要我们考虑周到，尊重他人，照
顾好属于自己的东西，为周围的人感到自豪，很快就会成为一个大家都喜欢的好邻居。C 项中
considerate behavior 是下文内容的概括，故选 C。
题组三 2017 年真题
Passage 1（2017·新课标全国卷 I）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
If anyone had told me three years ago that I would be spending most of my weekends
camping, I would have laughed heartily. Campers, in my eyes, were people who enjoyed insect
bites, ill-cooked meals, and uncomfortable sleeping bags. They had nothing in common with me.36
The friends who introduced me to camping thought that it meant to be a pioneer. 37
We slept in a tent, cooked over an open fire, and walked a long distance to take the shower
and use the bathroom. This brief visit with Mother Nature cost me two days off from work,
recovering from a bad case of sunburn and the doctor’s bill for my son’s food poisoning.
I was, nevertheless, talked into going on another fun-filled holiday in the wilderness. 38
Instead, we had a pop-up camper with comfortable beds and an air conditioner. My
nature-loving friends had remembered to bring all the necessities of life.
39 We have done a lot of it since. Recently, we bought a twenty-eight-foot travel
trailer complete with a bathroom and a built-in TV set. There is a separate bedroom, a modern
kitchen with a refrigerator. The trailer even has matching carpet and curtains.
40 It must be true that sooner or later, everyone finds his or her way back to
nature. I recommend that you find your way in style.
A. This time there was no tent.
B. Things are going to be improved.
C. The trip they took me on was a rough one.
D. I was to learn a lot about camping since then, however.
E. I must say that I have certainly come to enjoy camping.
F. After the trip, my family became quite interested in camping.
G. There was no shade as the trees were no more than 3 feet tall.
【答案】
【文章大意】三年前，作者对露营一无所知，也不认为自己会喜欢露营。然而后来有过几次露营的经
历，作者和他的家人开始爱上了露营，甚至为露营购买了设备齐全的房车。作者认为露营是回归大自然的
一个方式，也建议读者找到适合自己的回归自然的方式。
36. D 【解析】根据前文可知三年前作者认为露营和自己无关，而后文中表明作者热爱露营，暗示此处作者
对待露营的情感态度应该出现转变。D 选项中的 however 表示转折。且 If anyone had told me
three years ago that I would be spending most of my weekends camping 暗示作者态度的转
变就在三年前，D 选项中的 since then＂自从那时候起＂和前文时间吻合。故选 D。
37. C 【解析】根据后文 We slept in a tent, cooked over an open fire, and walked a long distance
to take the shower and use the bathroom 可知作者第一次露营的条件很艰苦，C 选项 The tripthey took me on was a rough one.中的 rough 暗示了这一点，符合语境。故选 C。
38. A 【解析】根据前文 We slept in a tent, cooked over an open fire, and walked a long distance
to take the shower and use the bathroom 可知作者第一次露营时住帐篷，露天生火做饭，走很
远的距离去洗澡、上厕所，条件很艰苦，而后文中 Instead, we had a pop-up camper with
comfortable beds and an air conditioner. 说明作者第二次露营有床有空调。A 选项 This time
there was no tent＂这次没有帐篷了＂暗示作者进行了第二次露营，而且条件比较好，符合语境。
故选 A。
39. F【解析】根据后文 we bought a twenty-eight-foot travel trailer complete with a bathroom and
a built-in TV set. There is a separate bedroom, a modern kitchen with a refrigerator. The
trailer even has matching carpet and curtains.可知作者一家为了露营买了房车，里面设备齐全，
说明作者一家人是喜欢露营的。F 选项 After the trip, my family became quite interested in
camping(那次露营之后，我的家人开始对露营感兴趣)符合语境，故选 F。
40. E 【解析】根据后文 It must be true that sooner or later, everyone finds his or her way back to
nature. I recommend that you find your way in style.可知作者希望每个人能找到适合自己的回
归自然的方法，而根据前文可知作者回归自然的方式就是露营。E 选项 I must say that I have
certainly come to enjoy camping.(我必须得承认我真的开始享受露营)既是对文章第一段中作者
态度转变的一个总结，也很好地衔接了后文。故选 E。
Passage 2（2017·新课标全国卷 II）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Interruptions are one of the worst things to deal with while you’re trying to get work done.
36 , there are several ways to handle things. Let’s take a look at them now.
37 . Tell the person you’re sorry and explain that you have a million things to do and
then ask if the two of you can talk at a different time.
When people try to interrupt you, have set hours planned and let them know to come back
during that time or that you’ll find them then. 38 . It can help to eliminate(消除) future
interruptions.
When you need to talk to someone, don’t do it in your own office. 39 , it’s much
easier to excuse yourself to get back to your work than if you try to get someone out of your
space even after explaining how busy you are.
If you have a door to your office, make good use of it. 40 . If someone knocks andit’s not an important matter, excuse yourself and let the person know you’re busy so they can
get the hint(暗示) than when the door is closed, you’re not to be disturbed.
A. If you’re busy, don’t feel bad about saying no
B. When you want to avoid interruptions at work
C. Set boundaries for yourself as far as your time goes
D. If you’re in the other person’s office or in a public area
E. It’s important that you let them know when you’ll be available
F. It might seem unkind to cut people shirt when they interrupt you
G. Leave it open when you’re available to talk and close it when you’re not
【答案】
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。为避免工作被打断是一件令人感觉很糟糕的事，文章提出了几点建
议，防止此类事件的发生。
36. B 【解析】根据 there are several ways to handle things 可知下文是关于几种防止在工作中被别人
打断的方法，此句与前半句构成一个完整的句子，根据语境故选 B。
37. A 【解析】根据后文＂Tell the person you’re sorry and explain that you have a million things to
do and then ask if the two of you can talk at a different time＂可知，学会在自己很忙的时候去
拒绝别人。故选 A。
38. E 【解析】根据横线前＂have set hours planned and let them know to come back during that
time or that you’ll find them then＂(安排好时间，让他们知道你在什么时候回来，或者告诉他们
你会去找他们)，再结合后文＂It can help to eliminate(消除) future interruptions＂可知选 E。
39. D 【解析】根据后文＂it’s much easeier to excuse yourself to get back to your work than if you
try to get someone out of your space even after explaining how busy you are＂可知，此句
中 it 指代前文＂don’t do it in your own office＂，也就是说此段中作者认为比起在自己的办公室
解释，不在自己的办公室更容易。故选 D。
40. G 【解析】根据＂If you have a door to your office,make good use of it.＂可知，此段主要是讲述
关于如何利用自己办公室的门来防止被打扰。故选 G。
Passage 3（2017·新课标全国卷 III）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Lots of people find it hard to get up in the morning, and put the blame on the alarm clock. Infact, the key to easy morning wake-up lies in resting your body clock. 36 Here’s how to
make one.
● 37 In order to make a change, you need to decide why it’s important. Do you
want to get up in time to have breakfast with your family, get in some exercise, or just be better
prepared for your day? Once you are clear about your reasons, tell your family or roommates
about the change you want to make.
● Rethink mornings. Now that you know why you want to wake up, consider re-arranging
your morning activities. If you want time to have breakfast with your family, save some time the
night before by setting out clothes, shoes, and bags. 38 That’s a quarter-hour more you
could be sleeping if you bought a coffee maker with a timer.
● Keep your sleep/wake schedule on weekends. If you’re tired out by Friday night,
sleeping in on Saturday could sound wonderful. But compensating on the weekends actually
feeds into your sleepiness the following week, a recent study found. 39
● Keep a record and evaluate it weekly. Keep track of your efforts and write down how you
feel. After you’ve tried a new method for a week, take a look at your record. 40 If not,
take another look at other methods you could try.
A. Get a sleep specialist.
B. Find the right motivation.
C. A better plan for sleep can help.
D. And consider setting a second alarm.
E. If the steps you take are working, keep it up.
F. Stick to your set bedtime and wake-up time, no matter the day.
G. Reconsider the 15 minutes you spend in line at the cafe to get coffee.
【答案】
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了如何帮助人们制订一个计划去调节生物钟，确保起床不
再是一件令人头疼的事。
36. C 【解析】根据后句中的关键词 one 可以判断出，根据空前及空后的内容可知，空处应为解决方法，
再结合所给选项可知只有 C 选项符合语境。
37. B 【解析】本段内容是建议人们要先确定为什么要早起，弄清早起的目的是什么，也就是早起的动机是什么。因此 B 项可以概括本段的中心。
38. G 【解析】根据下句内容可知，作者建议人们买一个可以定时的咖啡机，这样可以节约 15 分钟的喝咖
啡时间，能够多睡 15 分钟，文中的 a quarter-hour 和选项中的 15 minutes 相呼应，是信息提示
词。故选 G。
39. F 【解析】根据段落的中心句可知，本段是建议人们在周末也要坚持自己的作息时间，由此推断出 Stick
to your set bedtime and wake-up time, no matter the day 符合语境。故选 F。
40. E 【解析】后句建议人们如果这样做没作用就尝试新办法，由此推断出该空与 If not 对应，即如果有效
果的话如何去做。故选 E。
Passage 4（2017·浙江卷）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
How to Do Man-on-the-Street Interviews
The man-on-the-street interview is an interview in which a reporter hits the streets with a
cameraman to interview people on the spot. 31 But with these tips, your first
man-on-the-street interview experience can be easy.
●When your boss or professor sends you out to do man-on-the-street interviews for a story,
think about the topic and develop a list of about ten general questions relating to it. For
example, if your topic is about environmental problems in America, you might ask, ＂Why do
you think environmental protection is important in America?＂ 32
●Hit the streets with confidence. 33 Say, ＂Excuse me, I work for XYZ News, and I
was wondering if you could share your opinion about this topic. ＂ This is a quick way to get
people to warm up to you.
●Move on to the next person if someone tells you she is not interested in talking on camera.
Don’t get discouraged.
● 34 Each interview that you get on the street shouldn’t be longer than ten
minutes. As soon as you get the answer you need, move on to the next person. Make sure that
as you go from interview to interview, you are getting a variety of answers. If everyone is giving
you the same answer, you won’t be able to use it. A safe number of interviews to conduct is
about six to ten. 35
●If your news station or school requires interviewees to sign release forms to appear on the
air, don’t leave work without them.A. Limit your time.
B. As you approach people, be polite.
C. If you don’t own a camera, you can buy one.
D. For new reporters, this can seem like a challenging task.
E. To get good and useful results, ask them the same question.
F. That number of interviews should give you all the answers you need.
G. With a question like this, you will get more than a ＂Yes＂ or ＂No＂ reply.
【答案】
【文章大意】本文主要讲了进行街道随机采访的若干技巧。
31. D 【解析】根据空格后一句中的＂your first man-on-street interview experience can be easy＂可
知这是对于记者新人所提出的建议，而选项 D 中的＂new reporters＂正好与其相承接，故选 D。
32. G 【解析】空格前一句是个远非 yes 或 no 就可以回答的提问, 而选项 G 中＂With a question like
this…＂正好与其相承接，故选 G。
33. B 【解析】根据空格后一句所说的很有礼貌的提问可知，这里的建议应该是提问时要注意礼貌，而选项
B 中的 polite 正好与其相呼应，故选 B。
34. A 【解析】根据空格后一句＂Each interview that you get on the street shouldn’t be longer than
ten minutes.＂可知这一段的建议是要限制采访的时间，故选 A。
35. F 【解析】空格前一句是＂A safe number of interviews to conduct is about six to ten＂，而选项 F
中＂That number of interviews…＂正好与其相呼应，故选 F。
【名师点睛】
本文 34 题属于七选五阅读中最常见的设空在段首，那么选择的通常是段落主题句。认真阅读后文内容，
根据段落一致性原则，查找同义词或其他相关的词，推断出主题句。本题我们根据空格后一句＂Each
interview that you get on the street shouldn’t be longer than ten minutes.＂可知这段要求我们采
访时要限制时间。故 A 项为本段主题句。
当七选五阅读设空在句首时，还可能存在以下两种情况：
1. 属于段落间的过渡句。这时要前瞻后望找启示，即阅读上一段结尾部分，通常正确答案与上一段结尾
有机地衔接起来，并结合下一段内容，看所选的答案是否将两段内容连贯起来。
2. 与后文是并列、转折、因果关系等。着重阅读后文第一、二句，锁定线索信号词，然后在选项中查找
相关特征词。通常正确答案的最后一句与空白后的第一句在意思上是紧密衔接的，因此这两句间会有某种
衔接手段，尤其当选项是几句话时。比如，如果选项中出现时间年代时，往往要注意与原文中年代的前后对应关系。
经典演练
Passage 1
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
It's possible to be straightforward about climate change with our children and protect their
emotional well-being. 1 , so they don't have to despair over the future.
Don't overdo the news
Although adults may want to watch and listen to the news, a little goes a long way for
children. There's a difference between being prepared and being overwhelmed, especially for
kids. 2 , For example, when you have anxious kids watching the TV or anxious
families, you may see a growth in kids' anxiety; in other words, when parents do doom and
gloom and watch TV a lot, they're hurting their children. It's the responsibility of parents and
caregivers to control their kids' media consumption; they simply do not need to know everything.
3
As in all areas of parenting, it's up to parents to assess how much their kid can take. If you
know your child is more anxious than the next kid or has a sensitive temperament, you have to
deal with it differently. It's not so much about keeping kids away from every bit of information,
and it's that you handle it differently. 4
Emphasize agency
At home or in school, parents and educators can help kids carry out environmental studies
with steps such as having kids organize a challenge to increase the number of students bringing
reusable bottles to school. 5 Inviting children to brainstorm ideas for environmental
studies gives them hope. Families can support an environmental organization, plan a park
cleanup or host a bake sale to raise money for habitat preservation of a kid's favorite
endangered animal.
Manage what you can manage
None of us will be able to make a dent in all aspects of climate change on our own, but we
can break down the issues into bite-size, manageable pieces. We can explore the many ways in
which we can change outcomes, whether that's supporting science to help manage rising sealevels, getting involved in politics to protect those who have to leave flooded land, or helping
move displaced people.
A. Know your child
B. Teach kids action
C. Here are some ways to help children be part of the team
D. The news can't be too much, especially if a child is sensitive
E. They also can help students research how many species have thrived
F. You change the words depending on their age and what they can handle
G. Without hope, you're not going to have action and thus not going to have hope
【文章大意】本文探讨了一些方法来帮助孩子们成为减轻气候变化影响的团队的一员。
1. C 【解析】推理判断题。根据前文It's possible to be straightforward about climate change with our
children and protect their emotional well-being.对于气候变化，我们的孩子可以直截了当，保
护他们的情绪健康，可知这里有一些方法可以帮助孩子成为团队的一员，故选 C。
2. D 【解析】推理判断题。根据后文 For example, when you have anxious kids watching the TV or
anxious families, you may see a growth in kids' anxiety; in other words, when parents do
doom and gloom and watch TV a lot, they're hurting their children 当你有焦虑的孩子看电视
或焦虑的家庭时，你可能会看到孩子焦虑的增长；换句话说，当父母经常看电视的时候，他们会伤
害他们的孩子，可知这个消息不会太多，尤其是当一个孩子很敏感的时候；故选 D。
3. A 【解析】推理判断题。根据后文 As in all areas of parenting， it's up to parents to assess how
much their kid can take 在所有为人父母的领域，都要由父母来评估他们的孩子能承受多少．可知
了解你的孩子；故选 A。
4. F 【解析】推理判断题。根据前文 It's not so much about keeping kids away from every bit of
information, and it's that you handle it differently 这并不是要让孩子远离所有的信息，而是你要
以不同的方式对待它．可知你可以根据他们的年龄和他们能处理的事情来改变词语,故选 F。
5. E 【解析】推理判断题。根据前文 At home or in school, parents and educators can help kids carry
out environmental studies with steps such as having kids organize a challenge to increase
the number of students bringing reusable bottles to school 家长和教育工作者可以帮助孩子们
开展环境研究，比如让孩子组织一场挑战，让更多的学生带着可重复使用的瓶子来上学，可知他们
还可以帮助学生研究有多少物种已经繁衍起来，故选 E。
Passage 2根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
“Jane Eyre” was published in 1847. It is not just a romance novel, but an educational story.
Women can learn so much from this great Victorian heroine. This is not to suggest that Jane
didn’t have shortcomings. 1
You can overcome your past, however bad it is. Jane Eyre is made miserable as a child by her
horrible relatives. 2 He constantly reminds her that she’s an orphan(孤儿). But she learns a lot
about letting go when she is sent to a boarding school and makes friends with Helen.
3 Jane notes, “The world was a varied field of hopes and excitement waiting for those
who had the courage to go forth.” If Jane hadn’t been brave, she might have returned to the
cruel woman who raised her.
Don’t be afraid to speak your mind. She is not scared to voice her opinions when necessary. It is
much better to talk about things than to hide unspoken anger. 4
Be positive. When Jane was younger, she had a tendency to feel sorry for herself. 5 But
as she gets older, she learns to be happy despite her past.
A. You can decide your life.
B. The possibilities for life are endless for those who take risks.
C. Talking also helps heal relationships as well.
D. Her cousin, John, is the worst.
E. It is weak and silly to say you can’t bear what it is your fate to be required to bear.
F. Still, there’s much to be learned from the way she chooses to live.
G. Her life was miserable.
【文章大意】本文主要介绍了《简爱》的女主简身上有很多值得我们学习的地方。
1.F 【解析】根据本空前的“Women can learn so much from this great Victorian heroine. This is not
to suggest that Jane didn’t have shortcomings.”可知，此处承接上文，说的是尽管如此，从 Jane
选择的生活方式中可以学到很多，F 项中的 learned 与前面的 learn 相一致，she 指代的就是 Jane。
2.D 【解析】根据本空前的“Jane Eyre is made miserable as a child by her horrible relatives.”可知，
此处将提到一个可怕的亲戚，同时又与本空后的 He 一致，D 项中的 Her cousin 符合这一点。
3.B 【解析】根据本空后的“The world was a varied field of hopes and excitement waiting for those
who had the courage to go forth.”可知，此处是说对于敢于冒险的人来说，生活充满了各种可能
性。4.C 【解析】根据本空前的“t is much better to talk about things than to hide unspoken anger.”可
知，此处承接上文，讲的是交谈的好处。
5.G【解析】根据本空前的“When Jane was younger, she had a tendency to feel sorry for herself.”
可知，此处是说她的生活很悲惨。
Passage 3
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Birds are wonderful both as pets and as visitors to the garden. If you’re considering bird
ownership, the care requirements include providing good housing, nutritious food and keeping
an eye on the bird’s health.
Choose the bird species with care. 1 It is very important to learn as much as you can
about the species before deciding which bird you will choose. The bird must match your lifestyle,
interests and ability to take good care of it.
2 The cage size should be big enough for the bird to put its wings out straight from side to
side. Since small cages tend to lead to behavior problems, space in the cage is important — the
bigger the space in the cage, the better.
Feed the bird regularly at about the same time each day. This could be when you eat, or
maybe earlier. 3 So the bird knows when to expect its food. Besides, provide the bird with
average temperature water and change it daily to ensure the freshness.
Keep the cage properly and regularly cleaned. A clean cage reduces the risk of your bird
suffering from bacteria. Regular removal of bird droppings is very important for keeping the bird
healthy. 4
Give the bird lots of attention. Talk to your bird as it rides around the house. This is necessary
during the first couple of years. 5 For example, some birds will perfectly mimic(模仿) the sound
of you moving the cleaning cloth over the stove or table.
A. Not all bird species are appropriate as pets.
B. Anyhow, choose a time and try to stick to it.
C. Purchase the right kind of cage for housing the bird.
D. If your bird gets lots of attention, he or she will be happier as a whole.
E. Identify the exact food needed by the species of bird you’re caring for.
F. Birds are fast learners and will surprise you with their range of sound effects.G. Moreover, a bird living in a clean environment tends to be more active and happier.
【文章大意】本文是说明文，主要介绍了养鸟方面的内容。
1.A 【解析】根据本段的主题句"Choose the bird species with care"及空后的"It is very important to
learn as much as you can about the species before deciding which bird you will choose"
可知，选鸟时要很小心，且在下决定前要尽可能多地了解有关鸟类的信息。由此可知，空处应说明
决定买鸟前了解有关信息的原因，故 A 项"不是所有的鸟类都适合做宠物"符合语境。
2.C 【解析】根据空后的"The cage size should be big enough for the bird to put its wings out straight
from side to side"和"space in the cage is important — the bigger the space in the cage, the
better"可知，本段主要介绍的是鸟笼的大小、空间方面的内容，故 C 项"购买合适的笼子来安置鸟"符
合语境。
3.B 【解析】根据本段的主题句"Feed the bird regularly at about the same time each day"及空后的
"So the bird knows when to expect its food"可知，空处内容与给鸟喂食有关，且与空后一句构成
因果关系，故 B 项"无论如何，选择一个时间并努力坚持下去"符合语境。
【易错点拨】本题易错选 E 项。虽然 E 项内容有关"食物"，但与下文的内容不构成一定的逻辑关系，故可排
除。
4.G 【解析】根据空前的"A clean cage reduces the risk of your bird suffering from bacteria. Regular
removal of bird droppings is very important for keeping the bird healthy"可知，空处的内容应
该与保持鸟笼干净的重要性或好处有关，故 G 项"此外，生活在洁净环境中的鸟往往会更活泼，更快
乐"符合语境。
5.F 【解析】根据空前的"Talk to your bird as it rides around the house"及空后所举的例子可知，此处内
容应是关于给予鸟关注，与鸟说话的结果。F 项中的"their range of sound effects"与下文中的
"perfectly mimic(模仿) the sound"相呼应，故选 F。
【易错点拨】本题易错选 D 项。虽然 D 项中的"bird gets lots of attention"与最后一段的主题句"Give the
bird lots of attention"相呼应，但 D 项中的"鸟会更快乐"与下文所举的事例之间无关联，故可排除 D 项。
Passage 4
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Business is the organized approach to providing customers with the goods and services they
want. The word business also refers to an organization that provides these goods and services.
Most businesses seek to make a profit（利润）— that is, they aim to achieve income that is more
than the costs of operating the business. _____1_____ Commonly called nonprofits, theseorganizations are primarily nongovernmental service providers. _____2_____
Business management is a term used to describe the techniques of planning, direction, and
control of the operations of a business. 3 One is the establishment（制定）of broad
basic policies with respect to production; sales; the purchase of equipment, materials and
supplies; and accounting. 4 The third relates to the establishment of standards of
work in all departments. Direction is concerned primarily with supervision（监管）and guidance by
the management in authority. 5
A. Planning in business management has three main aspects.
B. In the theory of business management, organization has two main aspects.
C. The second aspect relates to the application of these policies by departments.
D. However, some businesses only seek to earn enough to cover their operating costs.
E. In this connection there is the difference between top management and operative
management.
F. Control includes the use of records and reports to compare actual work with the set
standards for work.
G. Examples of nonprofit business include such organizations as social service agencies and
may hospitals.
【答案】
【文章大意】文章第一段描述了 business 的两个含义：一是提供顾客所要商品和服务的方法；二是提
供这些商品和服务的组织。文展第二段则细述了商务管理是用来描述计划、指导以及控制公司运作技巧的
术语，并在下文中对这三方面进行了一一阐述。
1. D 【解析】本题的后一句出现了一个新名词 nonprofits（非盈利），而前文的内容是在说大多数企业都
在寻求利润，那这里语义的突然变化就提示了我们空格处所填内容应该与 seek to make a profit（寻
求利益）语义相反，而与 nonprofit 相同，因为只有这样才能自然的引出下文。纵观选项，只有答案
D 出现了 however，表示语义的转折，所以正确答案为 D。
2. G 【解析】根据文意，前文提到的 these organizations are primarily nongovernmental service
providers 中的 these organizations 实指 nonprofits organizations，所以此处第 2 题的内容应该
是对 nongovernmental service providers（非政府服务提供商）的进一步解释。纵观选项，只有
答案 G 是在举例子，而且也出现了关键词 nonprofit，所以正确答案为 G。
3. A 【解析】这道题的解题方法就是我们说的充分利用＂指路词＂。下文中出现了 One is...，The thirdrelates...，可见本空是个总起句，概括了什么东西包含有三个方面。纵观选项，只有答案 A 出现了
three，且主语 planning 正好复现了第二段首句出现的 techniques of planning，所以正确答案为
A。
4. C 【解析】还是依靠＂指路词＂，文中出现过了第一和第三，所以本空肯定描述的是第二方面。纵观选
项，只有答案 C 出现了 the second，所以答案为 C。
5. F 【解析】观察第二段可知，商务管理中涉及的 techniques of planning, direction 均已经提到，只
差最后一个 control（控制）还未提及，所以本空一定和 control 有关。纵观选项，只有答案 F 出现
了关键词 control，所以答案为 F。
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