2020高考英语重难点纠错笔记：非谓语动词

2020 年高三英语之纠错笔记：非谓语动词 1. Lily doesn’t feel like __________ （study）abroad. Her parents are old. （单句语法 填空） 【错因分析】易误填 to study。like to do sth. 喜欢做某事，偶尔一次喜欢做某事；like doing sth.后跟动词不定式，经常性地喜欢做某事。看到 like，容易误填 to study。此句表示莉莉不 想要出国留学，feel like doing sth. 想要做某事。 【试题解析】句意：＂莉蒂亚不想出国读书。（因为）她的父母年纪大了。＂feel like doing sth. 意为＂想要做某事＂，是固定搭配。 【参考答案】studying 动名词与不定式的不同 1) 动名词与不定式的区别 动名词 状态，性质，心境，抽象，经常性，已发 生的 不定式 目的，结果，原因，具体，一次性，将发 生的 2) 接不定式或动名词，意义相近，如：begin/start to do = begin/start doing; continue to do =continue doing。 3) 动名词与不定式语义不同的有 11 组：stop to do stop doing forget to do forget doing remember to do remember doing regret to do regret doing cease to do cease doing try to do try doing go on to do go on doing afraid to do afraid doing interested to do interested doing mean to do mean doing begin / start to do begin/ start doing 常见考法 1. 不定式作状语； 2. it 作形式主语代替后面的不定式； 3. 不定式的否定形式； 4. 被动语态中的不定式； 5. 不定式省 to 情况； 6. 不定式作定语的情况。 误区提醒 1. 不定式的不同形式误用；2. 被动语态中仍然省 to； 3. 否定形式 not 位置弄错； 4. 主动语态中该省 to 不省； 5. 不定式作定语时丢内容。 动名词作宾语 a. 作动词的宾语，某些及物动词后面直接接宾语时只能加动名词，不能加不定式，如 advise, allow, permit, avoid, consider, enjoy, finish, imagine, include, keep, mind, miss, delay, practice, resist, suggest, escape, bear 等。 ►Mark often attempts to escape being fined whenever he breaks traffic regulations. 每当违反交通规则时，Mark 总是尝试着逃脱惩罚。 b. 作介词的宾语（单个介词或最后是介词的动词短语），如 depend on, think about, set about, succeed in, worry about, burst into, be used to, get used to, devote…to…, look forward to, pay attention to, get down to 等。 ►We are against killing small animals. 我们反对屠杀小动物。 ►Shall we have a rest or get down to doing our work? 我们是休息一下还是继续工作？ c. 作短语动词的宾语 give up, keep on, put off, insist on 等。 ►He is often persuaded to give up smoking. 他总是被劝戒烟。 d. 其他情况 be worth, be busy, can’t help, can’t stand 等。 ►The music is well worth listening to more than once. 这音乐值得反复听。 ►We are busy preparing for the coming sports meet. 我们忙着为即将到来的运动会做 准备。 不定式作宾语►I want to speak to Tom. 我想跟 Tom 谈谈。 ►Please show us how to do that. 请给我们演示一下怎么操作。 2. One morning, I was waiting at the bus stop, worried about __________（be）late for school. （单句语法填空） 【错因分析】易误填 been 或 be。worried about...是过去分词短语作状语， 【试题解析】句意：一天早上，我正在等公交车，担心上学会迟到。介词 about 后面用名词 或动名词作宾语，故填 being。 【参考答案】being 3. __________（ignore）the differences between the two research findings will be one of the worst mistakes you make. （单句语法填空） 【错因分析】分析不清句子成分，易误填 Ignore。 【试题解析】句意：忽视这两种研究结果的差异将是你所犯的最严重的错误之一。分析句子结 构可知，句子的谓语动词是 will be；＂one of the worst mistakes...＂是表语；you make 是省略关系代词的定语从句，修饰 mistakes。很显然，＂__________ the differences between the two research findings＂是主语部分，结合语境可知设空处用动名词作主语。 【参考答案】Ignoring 动名词作主语： a. 直接位于句首作主语。 ►Swimming is a good sport in summer. 夏天游泳是一项很不错的运动。 b. it 作形式主语，常见的能用于这种结构的形容词还有：better, wonderful, enjoyable, interesting, foolish, difficult, useless, senseless, worthwhile 等。►It is no use telling him not to worry. 告诉他没必要担心。 注意：important, essential, necessary 之后常用不定式。 c. 用于＂There be＂结构中。 ►There is no saying when he’ll come. 不知道他什么时候回来。 d. 用于布告形式的省略结构中。 ►No smoking (=No smoking is allowed (here).（这里）禁止抽烟。 ►No parking. 禁止停车。 e. 动名词的复合结构作主语。 ►Their coming to help was a great encouragement to us. 他们的到来及提供的帮助对 我们来说是极大地鼓励。 动名词作主语与动词不定式作主语的比较 a. 动名词多用来表示泛指，不定式多用来表示特指。 ►Smoking is not good for health. 抽烟对健康有害。 ►It is not good for you to smoke so much. 抽这么多烟对你不好。 b. 在 It is no use..., It is no good..., It is fun..., It is a waste of time...等句型中，常用动 名词作真实主语。 ►It is no use talking about that. 说那些没有用。 ►It is no good quarreling with him. 跟他吵架没好处。 c. 在疑问句中，通常用动名词的复合结构，不用不定式的复合结构作主语。 ►Does your saying that mean anything to him? 你说那个对他意味着什么对吗？ d. 在＂There be＂句型中，只能用动名词，而不能用不定式作主语。 ►There is no telling what will happen. 没有被告知将要发生什么。e. 句子中的主语和表语都是非谓语动词时，要遵循前后一致的原则，主语和表语在形式 上要求统一： ►Seeing is believing. / To see is to believe. 眼见为实。 4. No, he went off to his tennis match before I finished __________ （make）them, so he couldn’t have done it. 【错因分析】易误填 having made。有的考生误以为是-ing 形式的完成式作宾语，从而误填 having made。 【试题解析】finish 后只能接名词、代词或-ing 形式作宾语，故填 making。 【参考答案】making。 常见后跟动名词的动词有： acknowledge 承认，自认 cease 停止 mention 说到，讲到 admit 承认 tolerate 忍受 dislike 不喜欢，讨厌 advocate 提倡，主张 complete 完成 dread 可怕 appreciate 感激，欣赏 confess 坦白 endure 忍受 avoid 避免 contemplate 细想 enjoy 享有，喜爱 bear 忍受 defer 拖延 envy 嫉妒 can’t help 不禁 delay 延迟 escape 逃跑，逃避 can’t stand 受不了 deny 否认 excuse 借口 consider 考虑 detest 嫌恶 fancy 幻想，爱好 favor 造成，偏爱 mind 介意 repent 悔悟 figure 描绘，计算 miss 错过 resent 怨恨finish 完成，结束不得 pardon 原谅，饶恕 resist 抵抗，阻止 forgive 原谅 permit 允许 resume 恢复 imagine 设想 postpone 延迟，延期 risk 冒险 involve 卷入，包含 practise 实行，实践 suggest 建议 hate 讨厌 prevent 阻止 save 营救，储蓄 keep 保持 quit 放弃停止 stand 坚持，忍受 loathe 非常讨厌，厌恶 recall 回想 5. When I came in, my naughty son pretended __________（read）. 【错因分析】to read。有的考生以为这里是不定式的一般式作宾语，从而误填 to read。 【试题解析】根据语境，这里的 pretended 后要接 to be doing 作宾语，表示＂我＂进来 时，儿子假装＂正在做什么＂。本句意为：我进来时，我那顽皮的儿子假装在看书。 【参考答案】to be reading 常见后跟动词不定式的动词有： attempt 企图 enable 能够 neglect 忽视 afford 负担得起 demand 要求 long 渴望 arrange 安排 destine 注定 mean 意欲，打算 begin 开始 expect 期望 omit 忽略，漏 appear 似乎，显得 determine 决定 manage 设法 cease 停止 hate 憎恨，厌恶 pretend 假装 ask 问 dread 害怕 need 需要 agree 同意 desire 愿望 love 爱swear 宣誓 volunteer 志愿 wish 希望 bear 承受 endeavor 努力 offer 提供 beg 请求 fail 不能 plan 计划 bother 扰乱；烦恼 forget 忘记 prefer 喜欢，宁愿 care 关心，喜欢 happen 碰巧 prepare 准备 decide 决定 learn 学习 regret 抱歉，遗憾 choose 选择 hesitate 犹豫 profess 表明 claim 要求 hope 希望 promise 承诺，允许 start 开始 undertake 承接 want 想要 consent 同意，赞同 intend 想要 refuse 拒绝 decide 决定 learn 学习 vow 起 contrive 设法，图谋 incline 有……倾向 propose 提议 seek 找，寻觅 try 试图 【归纳】 决心学会想希望，拒绝设法愿假装。 主动答应选计划，同意请求帮一帮。 decide/determine, learn, want, expect/hope/wish, refuse, manage, care, pretend, offer, promise, choose, plan, agree, ask/beg, help 1. The chair looks rather hard, but in fact it is very comfortable to _______. A. sit B. sit on C. be seat D. be sat on【解析】如果不定式为不及物动词，其后应有必要的介词。当动词与介词连用时，常位于＂形 容词+动词不定式＂结构的末尾。 【答案】B 2. —I usually go there by train. —Why not _______ by boat for a change? A. to try going B. trying to go C. to try and go D. try going 【解析】why not 后面接不带 to 的不定式，故选 D。 【答案】D 3. Paul doesn’t have to be made _______. He always works hard. A. learn B. to learn C. learned D. learning 【解析】make 后接不带 to 的动词不定式，当其用于被动时，to 不可省略，故选 B。 【答案】B 4. She pretended _______ me when I passed by. A. not to see B. not seeing C. to not see D. having not seen 【解析】pretend 后应接不定式。其否定形式为 pretend not to do sth.。 【答案】A 5. The patient was warned _______ only food after the operation. A. to eat no B. eating not C. not to eat D. not eating【解析】warn 一词要求后用不定式，否定形式为 be warned not to do。 【答案】C 6. Days of snowstorms have left the city ________ under thick layers of ice and some 50,000 homes without power. A. to be trapped B. trapped C. having trapped D. being trapped 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：连日的暴雪使这个城市陷入厚厚的冰雪中，大约 5 万个家庭 停电。此处是＂leave＋宾语＋补语＂结构，the city 与 trap 之间是被动关系，所以用过去分 词作宾语补足语，故选 B 项。 【答案】B 7. Experts warn that medical waste from hospitals, if ________ properly, may contribute to spreading diseases. A. not handled B. not being handled C. not to be handled D. not having been handled 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：专家警告说，如果医院的医疗垃圾不能恰当处理，可能会导 致疾病的蔓延。if 条件句中省略的主语是 medical waste from hospitals，与 handle 之间是 被动关系，故选 A 项。 【答案】A 8. Faced with a bill for $10,000, ________. A. Smith has taken an extra job B. the boss has given Smith an extra job C. an extra job has been takenD. an extra job has been given to Smith 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：面对 1 万美元的账单，史密斯又找了一份工作。前半句是过 去分词作状语，只有主、从句主语一致的时候，才能用非谓语动词作状语，所以主句主语与 be faced with 的主语一致，故选 A 项。 【答案】A 1. A study of travelers __________ （ conduct ） by the website TripAdvisor names Yangshuo as one of the top 10 destinations in the world. 【错因分析】conducting。有的考生以为此处为-ing 形式作后置定语而误填 conducting。 【试题解析】根据句意和句子结构可知，study 和 conduct 之间为被动关系（同时注意空格 后的介词 by），所以使用过去分词作后置定语。 【参考答案】conducted。 过去分词只有一种形式：规则动词由动词原形加词尾-ed 构成。不规则动词的过去分词没 有统一的规则要求，要一一记住。 过去分词作定语 ►Our class went on an organized trip last Monday. 上周一我们班开展了一次有组织的 旅行。 ►Those selected as committee members will attend the meeting. 当选为委员的人将 出席这次会。注意 当过去分词是单词时，一般用于名词前，如果是过去分词短语，就放在名词的后面。过去 分词作定语相当于一个被动语态的定语从句。 动名词作定语和动词不定式作定语 动名词作定语往往表示被修饰词的某种用途。如： ►a walking stick =a stick for walking=a stick which is used for walking ►a washing machine=a machine for washing=a machine which is used for washing ►a reading room=a room for reading=a room which is used for reading 不定式作定语通常要放在被修饰的词后。 ►I have a lot of work to do. 我有很多工作要做。 2. What makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their ability to ＂air condition＂ a house without ________（use）electric equipment. 【错因分析】used。有的考生认为此处为过去分词作定语而误填 used。 【试题解析】由空格前的介词 without 可知，空格处应该使用动名词形式。 【参考答案】using 动名词和现在分词的同与不同 相同之处：它们都是由动词变化而成的，它们都保留了动词的某些特征，它们都能带自己 的宾语、状语，而构成动名词短语或是现在分词短语去担当句子成分。 ►Speaking in the public, he will surely be very cheerful. 能做演讲，他肯定很开心。（现 在分词短语，作状语） ►She hates speaking in the public. 她讨厌做演讲。（动名词短语，作宾语）区别： 1）动名词和现在分词都可以用于系动词之后作表语，区别方法是： a. 作表语的动名词与主语指的是同一件事，此时系动词相当于＂是＂，通常把主语和表 语的位置互换，语法和意思不变。 ►My hobby is swimming.可改为：Swimming is my hobby. 我的爱好是游泳。 b. 现在分词作表语主要用以说明主语的性质,不能与主语互换位置，例如： ►The story is interesting. 不可改为：Interesting is the story. 这个故事很有趣。 2）动名词和现在分词都可以用作定语来修饰名词，区别在于：动名词修饰名词时主要表示该 名词的用途，而现在分词修饰名词时表性质、状态或动作等。比较： a swimming boy 一 个 正 在 游 泳 的 男 孩 ， 即 a boy who is swimming，现在分词 swimming 表示被修饰名词 boy 的动作。 a swimming suit 游 泳 衣 ， 即 a suit for swimming ， 动 名 词 swimming 表示 suit 的用途。 常见考法 1. 动名词做主语时，谓语动词的数； 2. 在动名词和不定式中，作为介词的宾语是动名词； 3. 动名词的否定直接在其前加否定词，通过代词的宾格或所有格形式给出逻辑主语； 4. 有些词后只能接动名词； 5. 另外还有一些接-ing 形式的常用说法。 误区提醒 1. 动名词(短语)作主语，谓语数用错；2. to 作不定式符号和介词分不清； 3. 否定形式 not 位置不对； 4. 动名词和现在分词的用法弄混； 5. 只接动名词的动词和短语、句型识记不完整。 1.（2019﹒天津卷﹒单项填空）____________ to think critically is an important skill today's children will need for the future. A. Learn B. Learned C. Learning D. Having learned 【答案】C 【解析】考查动名词。句意：学会批判性思维是当代小孩未来所必需的重要技能。句子缺少主 语成分，而过去分词、动词都不可以作主语。此处用动名词作主语，故选 C。 2. (2018·北京卷·单项填空) Ordinary soap, _________ correctly, can deal with bacteria effectively. A. used B. to use C. using D. use 【答案】A 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：如果正确使用的话，普通的肥皂可以有效地处理细菌。 Ordinary soap can deal with bacterial effectively 是主句，_________ correctly 是条件 状语，修饰 ordinary soap，ordinary soap 和 use 之间是被动关系，故要用过去分词，A 选 项正确。 3. I would appreciate __________ back this afternoon. A. you to call B. you call C. your calling D.you’re calling 【解析】appreciate 后可直接加动名词作宾语，也可加动名词的复合结构。故选 C。 【答案】C 4. What worried the child most was __________ to visit his mother in the hospital. A. his not allowing B. his not being allowed C. his being not allowed D. having not been allowed 【解析】错选 C 或 D。本题为动名词复合结构作表语。Doing 的否定形式 not 要加在前面， 这点一定要注意。此外，此处应表被动，故选 B。 【答案】B 5. __________ the meeting himself gave them a great deal of encouragement. A. The president will attend B. The president to attend C. The president attended D. The president’s attending 【解析】错选 C。此句缺少主语。A、C 为句子，但无引导词，故排除;B 项逻辑上及形式上都 不对。正确答案 D，为一动名词复合结构。 【答案】D 6. On the bank of the river, we found him __________ on a bench, with his eyes __________ on a kite in the sky. A. seated; fixing B. sitting; fixing C. seated; being fixed D. sitting; fixed 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：我们发现他坐在河岸边的长椅上，眼睛盯着空中的风筝。第 一空用 seated 或 sitting 作宾语补足语；第二空是 with 的复合结构，由 fix one's eyes on sth 可知这里用过去分词 fixed，故选 D 项。【答案】D 7. __________ by beautiful green mountains and located at the foot of Lushan Mountain makes it a famous tourist attraction. A. Surrounded B. Being surrounded C. Having been surrounded D. Surrounding 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：被美丽的绿色的山包围着而且位于庐山的山脚下使得它成为 一个著名的旅游胜地。分析句子结构可知，句子缺少主语，且 surround 与 it 之间是被动关系， 所以用动名词的被动式，故选 B 项。 【答案】B 8. As is known to all, Montreal is the second largest French-speaking city in the world, __________. A. Paris is the largest B. Paris being the largest C. Paris to be the largest D. Paris be the largest 【解析】考查独立主格结构。句意：众所周知，蒙特利尔是世界上说法语的第二大城市，巴黎 是第一大城市。前半句是简单句，中间没有连词，所以后半句需要用独立主格结构作状语，且 Paris 和 be 之间是主谓关系，所以用现在分词作伴随状语，故选 B 项。 【答案】B 9. Put everything __________ to you in your bag, not others. A. belongs B. belonged C. belonging D. to belong 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：把所有属于你的物品而不是别人的放进你的包里。分析句子 结构可知，此处是分词作定语，belong to 是不及物动词短语，无被动语态，与 everything之间是主动关系，所以用现在分词，故选 C 项。 【答案】C 10. Everyone in this country should work hard and do what they can __________ against national smog. A. fight B. fought C. fighting D. to fight 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：这个国家的每个人都应该努力并尽自己所能去抵抗全国性的 雾霾。分析句子结构可知，what they can 是 do 的宾语，后面应该接不定式表目的，故选 D 项。 【答案】D 11. —Shall we put off the match because of the bad weather? —No. Rain or shine, the match will be held as __________. A. schedule B. scheduling C. scheduled D. to schedule 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：＂天气不好，我们要不要推迟比赛？＂＂不用，不论晴天还 是雨天，比赛都将按期举行。＂as 后省略了 it is/has been，match 和 schedule 之间是被 动关系，且动作已完成，所以用过去分词，故选 C 项。 【答案】C 1. Peter’s Chinese was poor when he came to China, so he couldn’t make himself __________ （understand）.（单句语法填空）【错因分析】易误填 understand。有些同学一看到 make，就想起了 make sb. do sth. 使 某人做某事。易误填 understand。但是此句中主语是 he，make 后面是 himself，表达的是 使他自己被听懂，被弄明白。make oneself done 使某人自己被……。 【试题解析】句意：＂当彼得来中国时，他的汉语很差，所以他不能清楚地表达自己＂。himself 与 understand 为逻辑上的动宾关系，故填 understood。 【参考答案】understood 过去分词作宾语补足语 ►I heard the song sung several times last week. 上周我听见这首歌被唱了好几次。 有时过去分词作 with 短语中的宾语补足语。 ►With the work done, they went out to play. 工作做完了，他们出去玩去了。 2. He had his watch __________ (steal) on the bus the other day. 【错因分析】to be stone。有的考生误以为是不定式的被动式作补语，从而误填 to be stolen。 【试题解析】根据句意，这里是被动，由 have sth done（使某物被做）可知，空格处应该 填 steal 的过去分词作补语。本句意为：前几天在公交车上他的手表被人偷了。 【参考答案】stolen 不定式作宾补 ►Father will not allow us to play on the street. 爸爸不允许我们在街上玩耍。 1.（2019·江苏卷·单项填空）China's image is improving steadily, with more countries__________ its role in international affairs.A. recognizing B. being recognized C. to be recognized D. recognized 【解析】考查 with 复合结构。句意：中国的形象正在稳步提升，更多的国家认识到中国在国 际事务中的作用。“更多的国家”和“认识”之间是主动关系，用 with + 名词 + 现在分词结 构，故选 A。 【答案】A 2.(2018·天津卷·单项填空)I need a new passport so I will have to have my photographs___________. A. taking B. taken C. being taken D. take 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：我需要一个新护照，所以我将不得不拍照片。本题考查非谓 语动词作宾语补足语，宾语 my photograph 与补足语之间为被动关系，故用过去分词作宾语 补足语。C 项表示正在进行。故选 B。 【答案】B 3. Unless ________, the fridge won’t work properly. A. repairing B. having repaired C. being repaired D. repaired 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：除非维修，否则冰箱不能正常工作。在作状语的分词前常可 加一个时间、条件或让步状语的引导词来表示逻辑关系。本题中 the fridge 与 repair 之间是 被动关系，所以用过去分词，故选 D。 【答案】D 4. —What’s in the parcel?—Some clothes ________ to our son this afternoon. A. sent B. being sent C. to send D. to be sent 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：＂那个包裹里面装着什么？＂＂一些下午要送给儿子的衣 服。＂由 this afternoon 可知，此处表示将来的动作，故用不定式形式；又由于 clothes 和 send 之间是被动关系，故选 D。 【答案】D 5. The young actor has broken his marriage faith with his wife for another actress, ________ much comment against him in blogs. A. setting off B. to set apart C. setting forth D. to set on 【解析】考查动词短语辨析和非谓语动词。句意：这个年轻演员为了另一个女演员打破了他与 妻子的婚姻信仰，引发了博客里面很多反对他的评论。set off 出发，引发，引爆，使开始；set apart 分开，分离；set forth 启程，出发，详尽地解释，展示；set on 开始，着手。根据语 境可知 A 项正确。现在分词作状语表示自然而然的结果，而不定式作状语表示出乎意料的结 果。 【答案】A 6. ________ a new house is impossible for the young couple because they haven’t saved enough money. A. Buy B. Buying C. Bought D. Having bought 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：买一套新房对这对年轻夫妇来说是不可能的，因为他们没有攒到足够的钱。分析句子结构可知，句子缺少主语，所以用动名词作主语，故选 B 项。 【答案】B 7. Every book ________ from the library should be returned on time. A. borrow B. to borrow C. borrowing D. borrowed 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：从图书馆借的每本书都要按时归还。句中用分词作定语， every book 和 borrow 之间是被动关系，所以用过去分词，故选 D。 【答案】D 8. ________ from J. K. Rowling’s book series of the same title, the Harry Potter movies are universally acknowledged as classics. A. Adapting B. Having adapted C. Adapted D. To be adapted 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：改编自 J.K.罗琳的同名小说，《哈利•波特》系列电影被普遍 认为是经典影片。句中用分词作状语，movies 和 adapt 之间是被动关系，且动作已完成， 用过去分词，故选 C。 【答案】C 9. ________ to teaching, as we know, contributes to his popularity with his students. A. To devote B. Devoted C. Being devoted D. Devoting 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：正如我们知道的那样，对教学的热爱使得他受到学生的爱戴。 be devoted to 献身于，热爱。分析句子结构可知，句子缺少主语，所以用动名词作主语， 故选 C。【答案】C 10. Please speak aloud to make yourself _________ (hear). 【解析】根据句意，这里是被动，由 make sth done（使某物被做）可知，空格处应该填 hear 的过去分词作补语。本句意为：请大声点讲以便让别人听见。 【答案】heard I. 单项选择 1.（2019﹒江苏卷﹒单项填空）__________ the convenience of digital payment, many senior citizens started to use smart phones. A. To enjoy B. Enjoying C. To have enjoyed D. Enjoy 【答案】A 【解析】考查非谓语动词。此处是不定式作目的状语。句意：为了享受数字支付的方便，很多 老年市民开始使用智能手机。故选 A。 2.（2019﹒新课标 I 卷﹒语法填空）Modem methods ___of__ tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s, and are expensive ___64___ (perform) consistently over a large area. 【答案】to perform 【解析】考查非谓语动词。主系表结构之后，常用不定式作原因或目的状语，句意：跟踪北极 熊的现代方法只是在二十世纪八十年代以来开始采用，并且在如此大区域内持续采用是昂贵 的，故此处用 to perform。 3.（2019﹒新课标 I 卷﹒语法填空）Scientists have responded by ___67___ (note) that hungry bears may be congregating(聚集) around human settlements,…【答案】noting 【解析】考查非谓语动词。根据其前介词 by 可知，此处用动名词主动形式，故填 noting。 4.（2019﹒新课标 II 卷﹒短文改错）All the football players on the playground cheered loudly, say that I had a talent for football. 【答案】All the football players on the playground cheered loudly, say saying that I had a talent for football. 【解析】考查现在分词。句意：操场上所有的足球运动员大声欢呼，说我有足球天赋。句中谓 语动词为 cheered，say 在这里作伴随状语。与主语 players 是主动关系，故将 say 改为 saying。 5.（2019﹒新课标 II 卷﹒语法填空）A 90-year-old has been awarded “Woman Of The Year” for ___61___ (be)Britain's oldest full-time employee-still working 40 hours a week. 【答案】 being 【解析】考查非谓语动词。根据其前介词 for 可知，此处用动名词形式作宾语，故填 being。 6.（2019﹒新课标 II 卷﹒语法填空）Picking up her “Lifetime Achievement” award， proud Irene ___declared__(declare) she had no plans ___65___ (retire) from her 36-year-old business. 【答案】to retire 【解析】考查不定式作定语。此处用 to do sth 作后置定语，用来修饰前面的名词 plan,表示 “……的计划”，故填 to retire。 7. （ 2019 ﹒ 新 课 标 II 卷 ﹒ 语 法 填 空 ） When we got a call ___68___ (say) she was short-listed，we thought it was ___a__ joke.【答案】saying 【解析】考查非谓语动词。根据其后所接的宾语从句可知，此处用现在分词形式 saying 作后 置定语，解释名词 call 的内容，call 与 say 是主动关系，故填 saying。 8.（2019﹒新课标 III 卷﹒语法填空）On our way to the house，it was raining ___so__ hard that we couldn't help wondering how long it would take ___62___ (get)there. 【答案】to retire 【解析】考查不定式。句中的 would 提示我们作者还没有到达那座房子，wondering 后的句 子不缺谓语，此处应填非谓语动词，故填 to get。 9.（2019﹒新课标 III 卷﹒语法填空）On the last day of our week-long stay，we _were invited__(invite)to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars，___70___ (listen)to musicians and meeting interesting locals. 【答案】listening 【解析】考查现在分词。本句谓语动词为“were invited”，所以 70 题空格处动词 listen 应 用非谓语动词形式。听音乐这个动作是由 we 发出的，所以选用现在分词形式。也可由 and 前后连接两个并列的结构这一规律解题，and 后 meeting interesting locals 为分词形式，故 空格处填 listening。 10.（2019﹒浙江卷﹒语法填空）When the children are walking or ___59___ (cycle) to school on dark mornings,… 【答案】cycling 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：当孩子们在黑暗的早晨步行或骑车上学时，汽车司机很容易 看到它们。or 连接两个并列成分，根据 or 前的 walking 可知，此处要用 cycling。故填 cycling。11.（2019﹒浙江卷﹒语法填空）But some students didn't want ___63___ (wear) the uniform. 【答案】to wear 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：但是，有一些学生不想穿校服。want to do sth 想要做某事， 这里是动词不定式作 to 的宾语。故填 to wear。 12.（2019﹒北京卷﹒语法填空）Nervously ___2___ (face) challenges, I know I will whisper to _myself_(I) the two simple words “Be yourself”. 【答案】facing 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：紧张地面对挑战，我知道我将轻声对自己说两个简单的字“做 你自己”。分析句式可知，此处是作句子的状语，要用非谓语动词，其逻辑主语是 I，与逻辑 主语之间是主动关系，用现在分词作状语。故填 facing。 13. The man ________ the fake news that 18 firefighters lost their lives in the explosion was arrested. A. having circulating B. to circulate C. circulating D. to have circulated 【答案】C 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：传播 18 名火警在爆炸中丧生了的这条假消息的人被逮捕了。 传播假消息与 the man 是主动关系，所以用现在分词作定语， 故选 C。 【点睛】区分非谓语动词时，主要是要区分谓语动词与非谓语动词动作发生的先后顺序。如果 同时发生或者非谓语动作从过去持续到谓语动作那个时间，一般使用现在分词形式；如果非谓 语动作发生在位于动作之后，使用不定式如果非谓语动作发生在谓语动作之前，使用过去分词。 本题考查的就是非谓语动作从过去持续到谓语动作那个时间的情形。14. With the number of homecoming overseas students __________ up in recent years, the attraction of foreign degree holders has gradually faded. A. shot B. being shot C. shooting D. to shoot 【答案】C 【解析】考查固定用法。句意：近年来，由于归国留学生人数的激增，外国学位持有者的吸引 力逐渐减弱。本句为 with 的复合结构，shoot 与 overseas students 构成逻辑上的主谓关系， 故用现在分词作原因状语，故选 C。 15. The little boy stared at the strange man questioningly, not whether to believe what he had said. A. to know B. knowing C. known D. having known 【答案】B 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：小男孩疑惑地盯着这个陌生人，不知道自己是否该相信他说 的话。little boy 与 know 之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，表示主动，用现在分词作伴随状语，故 B 项正确。 16. Facial recognition technology is working well at tourist attractions around China, the time people spend standing in lines at entries or security check. A. to reduce B. reduced C. having reduced D. reducing 【答案】D 【解析】考查现在分词作结果状语。句意：人脸识别技术在中国各地的旅游景点运行良好，减少了人们在入口处或安检处排队的时间。此处是现在分词作结果状语，故答案为 D。 17. Actors should be good observers, watching people's body language and speaking style, and this into their own abilities to progress in acting. A. transferring B. transforming C. transporting D. transmitting 【答案】B 【解析】考查现在分词作伴随状语。句意：演员应该是很好的观察者，观察人们的肢体语言和 说话风格，并将其转化为自己的能力，从而在表演上取得进步。此处句子主语 Actors 和 transform 之间是主动关系，是现在分词作.伴随状语，与 watching 并列，故答案为 D。 18. We had better put off interviewing the athlete, for he Is busy preparing for an international contest __________ in Shanghai next month. A. held B. to hold C. being held D. to be held 【答案】D 【解析】考查动词不定式一般式的被动式作后置定语。句意：我们最好推迟采访这位运动员， 因为他正忙于准备下个月在上海举行的国际比赛。此处 contest 和 hold 之间是一种被动关系， 这里是动词不定式一般式的被动式作后置定语，故选 D。 II. 单句语法填空 1. He suddenly appeared in class one day, _________ (wear) sun glasses. 【答案】wearing 【解析】考查现在分词。根据句子结构可知，已有谓语动词 appeared，动词 wear 前又没 有并列连词，故应为非谓语动词作状语，表示伴随情况；又因主语 he 与 wear 之间是主动关系，故要用现在分词。 2. One morning, I was waiting at the bus stop, worried about _________ (be) late for school. 【答案】being 【解析】考查动名词。介词 about 后应该跟名词或动名词，故用 being。 3. I heard a passenger behind me shouting to the driver, but he refused _________ (stop) until we reached the next stop. 【答案】to stop 【解析】考查不定式。动词 refuse 后要接不定式作宾语，refuse to do sth 拒绝做某事。 4. Still, the boy kept _________ (ride). He was carrying something over his shoulder and shouting. 【答案】riding 【解析】考查固定短语。然而这个男孩一直骑个不停。keep doing sth 一直做某事。 5. We got a little _________ (sunburn), but the day had been so relaxing that we didn’t mind. 【答案】sunburned/ sunburnt 【解析】考查过去分词。我们有点晒黑了。动词 sunburn 晒黑，此处 get＋done 结构为被动 结构，表示某一事件或事故的发生，着重强调动作。 6. My older brother and I are busy _________ (arrange) a trip to Africa. 【答案】arranging 【解析】考查动名词。be busy (in) doing...忙于做某事。 7. Qu was a minister of the State of Chu _________ (situate) in present day Hunan andHubei Provinces，during the Warring States Period(战国时期). 【答案】situated 【解析】考查过去分词。表示位于何地时，用 be situated in/on。过去分词 situated 作定语， 相当于定语从句 which was situated...。 8. Last weekend as I was riding in the bike lane alongside the truck, we reached a crossing and it turned to the right, _________ (hit) me and my bicycle. 【答案】hitting 【解析】考查现在分词。句意：上周我骑自行车时旁边有辆卡车，当到十字路口时，它向右转， 撞到了我和我的自行车。hitting 作结果状语。 9. After luckily _________ (succeed) in the national college entrance examination, I realized my dream again: after graduation, I became a citizen working in a city. 【答案】succeeding 【解析】考查动名词。介词 after 后要用动名词作宾语。 10. Most of the fish there was _________ (freeze), but we had not much trouble finding some fresh fish at the other part of the market. 【答案】frozen 【解析】考查过去分词。此处作表语，表状态，要用 frozen(冰冻的)。 11. Well, it always takes time to consider before _________ (make) a decision. 【答案】making 【解析】考查动名词。在做决定之前要认真考虑。before 是介词，后跟动名词。 12. Now, the merchant’s 1st wife is a very loyal partner and has made greatcontributions in maintaining his wealth and business as well as _________ (take) care of the household. 【答案】taking 【解析】考查动名词。as well as 连接并列结构，take 在形式上要与 maintain 保持一致。 13. Eventually, I decided _________ (contact) University Student Legal Services for help about this matter. 【答案】to contact 【解析】考查不定式。decide to do...决定做某事。 14. Woo Sing stopped _________ (think) about these strange actions, saying to himself, ＂This boy is fooling me. He does everything that I do.＂ 【答案】to think 【解析】考查不定式。Woo Sing 停下来想这些奇怪的行为…… stop to do sth 停下来去做某 事。 15. Most probably, it may lead to a small ta lk which often brings harm or disrespect to others, thus _________ (hurt) others’ feelings. 【答案】hurting 【解析】考查现在分词。句意：很有可能，这种好奇心会导致闲言碎语，而那些闲言碎语会对 别人造成伤害或者不尊重，这样就伤害了别人的感情。现在分词作结果状语，主语 a small talk 和 hurt 之间为主谓关系，故要用现在分词。 16. Yes, and there is a lot of points of view when you listen to talk shows. I usually enjoy _________ (listen) to them. 【答案】listening【解析】考查动名词。enjoy doing 喜欢做某事。 17. Taking a taxi is five times as expensive as _________ (take) a bus. 【解析】考查动名词。这里 taking a bus 和 taking a taxi 进行比较。 【答案】taking 18. I then realized she had no arms or legs, just a head, a neck and upper body, _________ (dress) in a little white skirt. 【答案】dressed 【解析】考查过去分词。此处过去分词短语 dressed in...相当于定语从句 who was dressed in...。 19. The price of tea _________ (pick) in March is extremely high. 【答案】picked 【解析】考查过去分词。tea 与动词 pick 之间是被动关系，故用过去分词作后置定语。 20. We have also formed a special support group to help young people stop _________ (smoke). 【答案】smoking 【解析】考查动名词。stop to do sth 停下来去做某事；stop doing sth 停止正在做的事情。 根据语境可知 ＂我们还成立了一个特殊的小组去帮助青少年戒烟＂。stop smoking 戒烟。 21. We offer them three choices: the end of March, the middle of April and the beginning of May, and they chose the earliest one, which is good actually with exams _________ (come) up in May. 【答案】coming【解析】这里是 with 的复合结构，exam 和 come 是主动关系，所以要用现在分词 coming 作宾语补足语。 22. We’ve got to remember this group wants to look at how the Internet is being _________ (use) in the classroom. 【答案】used 【解析】考查过去分词。参观团想看看我们学校的网络是如何被使用的。此处为现在进行时的 被动语态，故要用过去分词 used。 23. An excellent reputation and high rankings are certainly important, according to a survey _________ (conduct) by Shanghai Municipal Education Commission in 50 Shanghai high schools this summer. 【答案】conducted 【解析】考查过去分词。名词 a survey 与动词 conduct 之间为被动关系，故要用过去分词 做后置定语，相当于定语从句 which is conducted by...。 24. In the beginning, there was only a very small amount of unfairness in the world, but everyone added a little, always _________ (think) that it was only small and not very important, and look where we have ended up today. 【答案】thinking 【解析】考查现在分词。动词 think 与主语 everyone 之间为主动关系，前面已经有了谓语动 词 added，故要用现在分词表伴随。 25. She wished that he was as easy _________ (please) as her mother, who was always delighted with perfume. 【答案】to please【解析】考查不定式。句意：她希望他像母亲一样容易满足，母亲总是喜欢香水。此处为 sb /sth be ＋adj. ＋ to do 结构。