2020年中考英语重要题型解析：阅读理解之说明文

阅读理解之说明文 In today’s world, almost everyone knows that air pollution and water pollution are harmful to people’s health. However, not all the people know that noise is also a kind of pollution, and that is harmful to human health, too. People who work and live under noisy conditions usually become deaf. Today, scientists believe that 10% of the workers in Britain are becoming deaf because of the noise where they work. Many of the workers who print newspapers and who weave cloth（织布）become deaf. Plenty of people living near airports also become deaf. Recently it was discovered that many teenagers in America could hear no better than 65-year-old persons, because these young people like to listen to pop music and most of pop music is a kind of noise. Besides, noise which is produced by jet planes or machines will make people’s life difficult and unpleasant. It can make people ill or even drive them mad. It is said that a continuous noise of more than 85 decibels（分贝）can cause deafness. Now the governments in many countries have made laws to control noise and make it less than 85 decibels. In China, the government is trying to solve not only air and water pollution problems but also noise pollution problems. 1. Scientists believe 10% of the workers _____________ are becoming deaf because of their noisy workplaces. A. in America B. in China C. in Britain 2. _____________ will probably become deaf. A. Workers who print newspapers B. People who live far from airports C. Students who like listening to soft music 3. According to the passage, noise from jet planes or machines can _____________. A. make people sleepy B. drive people mad C. cause people to die 4. The underlined word "continuous" means _____________ in Chinese. A. 正常的 B. 持续的 C. 清晰的 5. What’s the best title of this passage?A. Air Pollution B. Water Pollution C. Noise Pollution 【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文，说明了在今天的世界上，几乎每个人都知道空气污染对人们身体有害， 然而，并不是所有人都知道噪声污染也对身体有害，声音超过 85 分贝，可以导致耳聋，所以在每个国家制 定法律减少或控制噪音使它小于 85 分贝。 1. C【解析】细节理解题。根据文中 Today, scientists believe that 10% of the workers in Britain are becoming deaf because of the noise where they work.可知，科学家们认为，英国有 10%的工人因为工 作场所嘈杂而耳聋。故选 C。 2. A【解析】细节理解题。根据文中 Many of the workers who print newspapers and who weave cloth （织布）become deaf.可知，印刷报纸的工人可能变聋。故选 A。 3. B【解析】细节理解题。根据文中 Besides, noise which is produced by jet planes or machines will make people’s life difficult and unpleasant. It can make people ill or even drive them mad. 可知，根据通道，喷气式飞机或机器发出的噪音会使人发疯。故选 B。 4. B【解析】词句猜测题。根据下文 noise of more than 85 decibels（分贝）can cause deafness. Now the governments in many countries have made laws to control noise and make it less than 85 decibels.可知，据说持续超过 85 分贝的噪音会导致耳聋。continuous 的意思是＂持续＂。故选 B。 5. C【解析】标题判断题。通读整篇短文可知，这篇短文主要讲述了噪音污染的危害。故选 C。 Weekly Round—up ①The number of Chinese studying abroad grew at a slower rate(比率) in 2018, as more students have come to realize that studying abroad does not guarantee(保证) a well-paid job in foreign countries. About 78 percent of Chinese students’ abroad plan to work in China either right after graduation or after working abroad for a while. ② Tours that provide a window on wildlife without harming the animals are a welcome development for Chinese animal—lovers, a recent survey found. About 60 percent of interviewees said that they would refuse to take part in tours that might badly influence the normal Life of animals in the wild or be harmful to wildlife. ②A survey by American Councils for International Education, showed that there were 227,086 Chinese learners across the formal US education system, making Chinese the third most popular language being studied. ④ Passengers found eating or drinking on the Beijing subway who do not stop when they are asked will face having their actions noted on their social credit (信用) score according to Beijing Municipal Commission of Transport. 1. Which of the following is true according to News l? A. Most Chinese students studying abroad plan to work in China. B. Most Chinese students will no longer go abroad for education. C. Chinese students studying abroad can find jobs easily in China. D. Chinese students studying abroad can get well-paid jobs in China. 2. What’s the main idea of News 2? A. Chinese tourists will not do any harm to wildlife from now on. B. The tours are specially designed for Chinese to protect wildlife. C. Many tourists in China have a strong sense of animal protection. D. The tours make more tourists become interested in wild animals. 3. According to the news above, we know that ________. A. 227,086 Chinese learners have been to America to study languages B. Chinese has become the most popular languages in the United States C. passengers are not allowed to drink or eat on the Beijing Subway D. passengers will be punished and fined if they eat or drink on the subway 【文章大意】这个短文是每周的新闻信息：中国留学人口；许多人对野生动物有很强的保护意识；汉 语成为第三大受欢迎的语言；地铁上吃东西的行为。 1. A【解析】推理判断题。根据文中 About 78 percent of Chinese students’ abroad plan to work in China either right after graduation or after working abroad for a while.可知，大多数出国 留学的中国学生计划在中国工作。选项 A 是正确的。故选 A。 2. C【解析】细节理解题。通读第二个新闻可知，主要讲述了在中国，许多游客都有很强的动物保护意识。 故选 C。 3. C【解析】细节理解题。根据文中 Passengers found eating or drinking on the Beijing subway who do not stop when they are asked will face having their actions noted on their social credit (信用) score according to Beijing Municipal Commission of Transport.可知，在北京地铁上，乘客 不能饮食。故选 C。 The Coffee Pot Restaurant We’re looking for Saturday assistants (帮手) in our busy town centre restaurant. The job will include setting and clearing tables, serving customers and helping in the kitchen. We’re looking for polite and patient people who can work under pressure. Hours: 10 am-4 pm including a half-hour lunch break. Pay: £5 an hour + lunch Film Extras Wanted Have you ever wanted to be in the movies? Are you interested in acting? We’re making a film in the local area during July and August and we’ll need several young people as extras (临时演员). We’re looking for active and social 14-18-year-olds. Pay: £50 a day + meals. Please include a recent photograph in your application. Newspaper Boys/Girls We’re looking for honest young people to deliver (投递) newspapers and magazines. We need one person for morning deliveries (7-8) and two people for evening deliveries (5-6). You must be at least 13 years old and have your own bicycle. For morning deliveries you need to be good at getting up early, too! Pay: £30 a week When you apply (申请), please say whether you prefer mornings or evenings. PART-TIME ASSISTANTS WANTED Shop’n’Save Supermarket needs two young people (14-18) for evening and weekend work. The job includes helping customers, putting things on the shelves, collecting trolleys, etc. Hours: 5-7 evenings or 10-5 Saturdays and Sundays. Pay: £4 an hour and free lunch for weekend hours 1. To be a film extra, one has to be _________. A. polite and patient B. active and social C. honest and strong D. helpful and careful2. A part-time assistant at Shop’n’Save Supermarket needs to _________. A. set and clear tables B. provide a photo C. deliver newspapers D. help customers 3. If 13-year-old Tom is free from 5:00 pm to 7:00 pm, which job can he apply for? A. A restaurant assistant. B. A film extra. C. A newspaper boy. D. A supermarket assistant. 【文章大意】这篇短文由四个广告组成，第一个广告是某餐馆在寻找帮手；第二个广告是招聘临时演员； 第三个广告是找送报纸和杂志的男孩或女孩；最后一个是某超市招聘兼职的工作人员。 1. B【解析】细节理解题。根据第二个广告中 We’re looking for active and social 14-18-year-olds 可知，临时演员应该积极、有社交能力。由此可知应选 B。 2. D【解析】细节理解题。根据第四个广告中 The job includes helping customers, putting things on the shelves, collecting trolleys, etc.可知，Shop’n’Save 这个超市招聘工作人员来帮助顾客、把东 西放到架子上，收集手推车等等。由此可知应选 D。 3. C【解析】细节理解题。根据题意可知，Tom 13 岁了，下午 5 点到 7 点有时间，按照这些条件我们在每 个广告中寻找，根据第三个广告 We need one person for morning deliveries (7-8) and two people for evening deliveries (5-6). You must be at least 13 years old and have your own bicycle.可知，Tom 的条件都符合，故应选 C。 It is expected that Pacific Island countries will become popular with Chinese tourists in 2019. Which one should you choose for your summer holiday? Country What you need to know Language What you need to do Papua New Guinea It is the largest one of the Pacific Island countries. Both the mainland and its islands are perfect for deep sea diving (潜水). English & Tok Pisin Go deep sea diving in the Solomon Sea. Kingdom of Tonga Tonga is ahead of the rest of the world: it’s the first country in the world to start a new day. English & Tongan Visit the Royal Palace of Tonga.The Republic of Vanuatu It sits between Hawaii and Australia. In Vanuatu, you’ll find the world’s only underwater post office in the capital, Port Villa. English, French & Bislama Send a postcard from the underwater post office. Fiji Fiji is one of the world’s best-known places for your holiday. The island’s blue sea, white-sand beaches and the forests are well worth seeing. Fijian & English Go diving on Mana Island 1. Which country is the first one to start a new day? A. Papua New Guinea. B. Kingdom of Tonga. C. The Republic of Vanuatu. D. Fiji. 2. People go to Fiji for their holidays mainly because __________. A. things there are well worth seeing B. the underwater post office is exciting C. they want to stay in the Royal Palace D. it is the largest Pacific Island country 3. Which language is spoken in all the four Pacific Island countries? A. Tok Pisin. B. French. C. Bislama. D. English. 4. What is the purpose of the text? A. To ask for some help. B. To introduce languages. C. To answer a question. D. To offer holiday choices. 【文章大意】你喜欢旅行吗？这篇短文给我们介绍了几个太平洋岛国，有巴布新几内亚、汤加王国、瓦努 阿图共和国以及斐济，他们各有特色，选一个去度暑假吧！ 1. B【解析】细节理解题。根据表格第二行中 Tonga is ahead of the rest of the world: it’s the first country in the world to start a new day.可知，汤加王国是世界上第一个开始新一天的国家。故应选 B。 2. A【解析】细节理解题。根据表格中对 Fiji 这个国家的介绍 Fiji is one of the world’s best-known places for your holiday. The island’s blue sea, white-sand beaches and the forests are well worth seeing.可知，这是世界上著名的度假胜地之一，岛上蓝色的大海、白色的沙滩和森林，都值得一看。 由此可知应选 A。3. D【解析】细节理解题。根据表格第三列 Languages 中的介绍可知，这四个国家都说英语，故应选 D。 4. D【解析】主旨大意题。根据短文第一段 It is expected that Pacific Island countries will become popular with Chinese tourists in 2019. Which one should you choose for your summer holiday?和 文意可知，太平洋岛国将受中国旅行者们的喜爱，文章中对几个国家进行了具体的介绍，读者们可以选择 自己喜欢去的地方。由此可知文章的目的是给读者推荐可以旅行的地方，故 D 选项符合文意。 A recent study from a team of South Korean researchers suggests that eating alone often may lead to poor eating habits and poor food choices .Specifically ,the study found that men who ate alone more than twice a week had a greater risk of developing high blood pressure ,high cholesterol and diabetes. For children, eating with their families is not only about preventing bad outcomes(结果) —it is also about developing good ones. In 2014, the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development(OECD) looked at data from nearly three-quarters of the world’s countries .Among its findings was the fact that students who shared a main meal with their families were less likely to skip school .Children who eat a main meal with their families are also less likely to abuse drugs and alcohol(吸毒酗酒). In the report, titled ＂The Importance of Family Dinners (VIII) ＂, researchers say that ＂teens who have frequent family dinners are more likely to say their parents know a lot about what’s going on in their lives ＂. They also claim that when teens say they feel closer to their parents, they are less likely to use drugs and alcohol. Another study from the University of Montreal found that children who ate with their families experience long –term physical and mental health benefits(好处) .These children were physically in better shape and drank fewer sugary soft drinks .These children also seemed to have better social skills and they were less aggressive(好斗的). Professor Linda Pagani says that mealtimes shared with parents ＂likely provide young children with first-hand social interactions ,discussions of social issues( 事 件 ) and day-to-day concerns ＂. She adds that they may likely help the child have better communication skills with others. 1. What can be the best title for the text? A. Benefits of eating together B. Advantages of eating alone C. Ways of developing social skills D. Risks of using drugs and alcohol 2. Children eating with their families are more likely to _________. A. drink more sugary soft drinks B. do well in their studies at school C. be more socially active and aggressive D. have a closer relationship with their parents 3. Why is Professor Pagani mentioned in the last paragraph? A. To introduce her B. To add a new point C. To explain further D. To provide background information 4. From which is the text probably taken? A. A travel guide B. A biology textbook C. A cooking instruction D. A science magazine 【文章大意】这是一篇说明文，多项研究结果说明家人一起吃饭的重要性，民以食为天，吃饭是一个让我 们停下手中的事情来享受生活的机会。 1. A【解析】主旨大意题。根据.Among its findings was the fact that students who shared a main meal with their families were less likely to skip school .Children who eat a main meal with their families are also less likely to abuse drugs and alcohol(吸毒酗酒).和 Another study from the University of Montreal found that children who ate with their families experience long –term physical and mental health benefits(好处)可知文章主要讲一起吃饭的好处；故选 A。 2. D【解析】细节理解题。根据. They also claim that when teens say they feel closer to their parents ,可知是和父母有更亲近的关系；故选 D。 3. C【解析】细节理解题。根据 Professor Linda Pagani says that mealtimes shared with parents ＂ likely provide young children with first-hand social interactions ,discussions of social issues(事件) and day-to-day concerns ＂ .She adds that they may likely help the child have better communication skills with others .可知是为了更深一层的解释孩子和父母一起吃饭的重要性；故选 C。 4. D【解析】细节理解题。根据 A recent study from a team of South Korean researchers suggests that eating alone often may lead to poor eating habits and poor food choices .Specifically ,the study found that men who ate alone more than twice a week had a greater risk of developing high blood pressure ,high cholesterol and diabetes .和后文的一些调查，可推测文章内容可能是一 篇来自科学杂志的文章；A travel guide 一本旅游指南， A biology textbook 一本生物课本，A cooking instruction 一本烹饪说明，A science magazine 一个科学杂志；故选 D。