2020年高三英语语法讲解及练习题：动词的时态

重难点分析 高考中通常把时态和语境结合起来考查（常在语法填空和短文改错两个题型中考查）。题 干中往往没有明确的时间状语，需要考生搜索出时间参照信息。英语有 16 种时态，中学阶段 常用的是 10 种（也是本专题需要讲解的 10 种）。 一、动词的基本形式一览表 形式 变化规则 构成方法 例词 原形 see, finish, teach, touch 一般情况 加-s look—looks, write—writes 以 ch, sh, s, x 结尾 加-es teach—teaches, finish—finishes, guess—guesses, mix—mixes 以 o 结尾 加-es do—does, go—goes 现在时第 三人称单 数形式 以“辅音字母+y”结 尾 变 y 为 i，加-es try—tries, cry—cries 一般情况 加-ed stay—stayed, look—looked 以不发音 e 结尾 直接加-d decide—decided, hope—hoped 以重读闭音节结尾， 末尾只有一个辅音 字母 双写这个辅音字 母再加-ed stop—stopped, admit—admitted 过去式、 过去分词 规则变化 以“辅音字母+y”结 尾 变 y 为 i，加-ed carry—carried, try—tried 一般情况 加-ing go—going, read—reading 现在分词 以不发音 e 结尾 去 e，再加-ing have—having, write—writing以重读闭音节结尾， 末尾只有一个辅音 字母 双写这个辅音字 母再加-ing cut—cutting, run—running 二、常用的 10 种动词时态的构成及其常用时间状语一览表 时态 构成 常用时间状语 一般现在时 动词原形(第三人称单数) always, usually, often, sometimes, every 等 一般过去时 动词过去式 yesterday, the day before yesterday, the other day, last…, …ago 等 will(shall)+动词原形 be going to+动词原形一般将来时 be about to+动词原形 tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, next…, in…day 等 过去将来时 would+动词原形 多用于间接引语的宾语从句中 现在进行时 am(is, are)+现在分词 now, during these days 等 过去进行时 was(were)+现在分词 at eight yesterday, at this time yesterday 等 将来进行时 will(shall)+be+现在分词 at eight tomorrow, at this time tomorrow 等 现在完成时 have(has)+过去分词 already, just, yet, since, for 等 过去完成时 had+过去分词 by…, before 等 现在完成进行时 have(has)+been+ 现 在 分词 for…, since…等 三、注意以下几种时态的区别1. 一般过去时和现在完成时 (1) 一般过去时只表示过去发生的动作或状态，常和表过去的时间状语连用，即仅谈过去， 不谈现在。如： I wrote a letter this morning. 今天早上我写了一封信。(只说明写过一封信的事实，现在不 是早上了) (2) 现在完成时表示过去发生的动作或状态，但和现在有联系，可能刚结束，也可能继续 下去。不能和表过去的时间状语连用，译成汉语时可加“已经”。如： I have written a letter this morning. 今天早上我已经写了一封信。(已经写了一封信，有继 续写第二封的可能，现在还是早上) 2. 一般过去时和过去进行时 (1) 一般过去时侧重于说明发生某动作的事实。如： It rained heavily last night. 昨晚下的雨很大。(强调下雨，并不强调持续时间) (2) 过去进行时侧重于强调在过去某个特定时间某动作的持续过程或表示动作正在进行。 如： It was raining cats and dogs last night. 昨晚一直在下倾盆大雨。(强调没停，一直持续) 3. 现在完成时和现在完成进行时 (1) 现在完成时在含义上着重表示动作的结果。如： I have read the book. 我已经读了那本书。(已读完) (2) 现在完成进行时着重表示动作一直在进行，即动作的延续性。如： I have been reading that book all the morning. 今天早上我一直在读那本书。(还没读完) 考点练透一、单句填空 用所给动词或根据汉语提示填入动词的正确形式。 1. (1) — Remember the first time we __________ (meet)? — Of course. You __________ (study) in Beijing University then. (2) Cathy is taking notes of the grammatical rules in class at Sunshine School, where she __________ (study) English for a year. 2. (1) The government __________ two factories in this region since the end of last year. (2) The government __________ two factories in this region by the end of this year. (build) 3. (1) It __________ ten years since we left school. (2) It __________ two years before we leave school. (be) 4. They __________ (work) on the program for almost one week before I joined them, and now we __________ (still work) on it as no good results have come out so far. 5. The pen I __________ (think) I __________ (lose) is on my desk, right under my nose. 6. If their marketing plans succeed, they __________ (increase) their sales by 20 percent. 7. She said that it __________ (be) the second time she __________ (see) the film. 8. I don’t really work here. I __________ (just help) out until the new secretary arrives. 9. Look at the timetable. Hurry up! Flight 2039 __________ (take) off at 18:40. 10. — How are you today? — Oh, I __________ (not feel) as ill as I do now for a very long time. 11. (1) My good friend __________ from Guangdong. (2) My good friend __________ from Guangdong last week. (come) 12. (1) Where __________ (be) you? (你在哪儿？) (2) Where __________ you __________? (be) (你去了哪？)(3) Where __________ he __________? (go) (他去哪了？) 13. (1) Mr. John __________ (teach) English in China for two years. (不在中国了) (2) Mr. John __________ (teach) English in China for two years. (也许仍在中国) 14. (1) I __________ (read) that novel. (读过那本小说了) (2) I __________ (read) that novel all the morning. (一直在读那本小说) 15. (1) When I got there, he __________ the work. (做完那工作了) (2) When I got there, he __________ the work carefully. (正在认真地做工作) (3) When I got there, he __________ the work. (刚要做工作) 二、语篇填空 用括号中所给词的适当形式填空。 When he was a little boy, Christopher Cockerell once watched his mother turning the wheel of her sewing machine with her hand. “Wouldn’t it work quickly if a machine 1 (turn) the wheel for you?” he asked. “I suppose I would,” said his mother, without paying any attention to him. Christopher 2 (know) she always had a lot of work, and he wanted to help. In his bedroom there was a toy steam-engine which his father 3 (buy) him as a gift. “I 4 (make) better use of it,” little Christopher said to himself. So, when his mother 5 (not use) her sewing machine, he fixed the toy steam-engine onto it. When the job 6 (finish), he was quite pleased, thinking his mother 7 (like) it. “Very clever,” his mother said, when she saw it. Then she sad down and went on turning the wheel by hand. “I 8 (work) like this for too many years,” she explained. This taught Christopher the lesson that anyone who 9 (try) to improve anything 10 (have) to learn: Many people don’t like new ideas. 三、语法填空 阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Every student will be faced with the same question when he passes the College Entrance Examination: should he choose a good major 1 a good university? Different people will come up 2 different answers. Some students 3 (choose) a good major. What they really care is what they like most. To their mind, 4 or not the university is famous doesn’t matter — as long as he works hard, he can learn well in any university, and 5 bright future is awaiting him. Other students pay more attention to the fame and quality of the universities. They pay great attention to the university 6 a good university is a symbol of good job prospects. How can you have a broad horizon if you receive your 7 (high) education at a small college or in a little town? In my personal opinion, the best 8 (choose) is a good major at a good university. 9 is known to all, only if we try our best to study can we get the chance. If we cannot obtain 10 , I think the first thing to consider is a good major itself. 助读词汇 await vt. 等待 fame n. 名声 obtain vt. 获得 to one’s mind 依某人来看pay more attention to 更加注意 job prospect 工作前景 broad horizon 广阔的视野 College Entrance Examination 高考 参考答案 考点练透 一、单句填空 1. met, were studying; has been studying 2. has built; will have built 3. has been; will be 4. had been working; are still working 5. thought; had lost 6. will increase 7. was; had seen 8. am just helping 9. takes 10. haven’t felt 11. comes; came 12. are; have, been; has, gone 13. taught; has taught 14. have read; have been reading 15. had done; was doing; was about to do 二、语篇填空 1. turned 2. knew 3. had bought 4. will/shall make 5. was not using 6. was finished 7. would like 8. have been working 9. tries 10. has三、语法填空 高考后所有学生都面临一个问题——到底是选专业还是选学校？对此，不同的人有不同的 看法。作者认为在好的大学读好的专业是最好的，如果不能二者兼之，那么还是先考虑专业。 1. or 根据文章主题和第二、三段首句可知此处是填表“选择”关系的并列连词。 2. with 习惯搭配 come up with 意为“提出、想出”。 3. will choose 根据首段 Every student will be faced with 和 Different people will come up 2 different answers.可知，文章是针对即将高中毕业的高中生所写。根据空后的 a good major 可知是此处指大学阶段，故此题用一般将来时。 4. whether 根据空后的 or not 可知，whether 在此引导主语从句。 5. a 不定冠词的最基本用法，在此意为“一个(灿烂的未来)”。 6. because 空的前后是两个分句，故填连接词。根据两句间的关系可知， 6 a good university is a symbol of good job prospects 表原因，故填 because 引导原因状语从句。 7. higher 分析句子成分可知， 7 (high) education 作宾语，因此括号中的 high 既不 作动词也不是词类转化，只能是形容词的比较等级。higher education 意为“高等教育”。 8. choice 作主语用名词形式。 9. As 此处 As 引导的是定语从句，并在从句中作主语，指代后面 only if we try our best to study can we get the chance 整个情况。 10. both 根据句意可知，此处是指如果不能二者兼之(a good major 和 a good university)， 故填不定代词 both。