重难点分析
代词是代替名词或代替起名词作用的短语或句子的词。大多数代词具有名词和形容词的功
能。英语中的代词，按其意义、特征及在句中的作用分为：人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、
不定代词、疑问代词、指示代词、相互代词和关系代词八种。
代词类别 例词 功能
主格 I, you, he, she, it, we, you, they 作主语人称
代词 宾格 me, you, him, her, it, us, you, them 作宾语
形 容 词
性
my, your, his, her, its, our, your, their 作定语物主
代词
名词性 mine, yours, his, hers, its, ours, yours, theirs 作主语、宾语、表语
反身代词 myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves,
yourselves, themselves
作宾语、表语、同位语
不定代词 some, any, no, either, neither, all, none, each,
somebody, no one, everybody, much, many,
other(s), another 等
视情况而定，一般可作
定语、主语、宾语等
疑问代词 what, who, whose, whom, which, whatever,
whichever ,whoever, whomever 等
可作主语、宾语、定语
等
指示代词 this, that, these, those 作主语、宾语、定语、
表语
相互代词 each other, one another 作宾语
关系代词 that, who, whom, whose, which 等 连接定语从句
下面举例说明其用法，其中疑问代词见“专题 12 句子种类”，关系代词见“专题 13 定语从句”。
一、人称代词的用法
1. 作主语用主格，作宾语用宾格。如：
She teaches us English. 她教我们英语。
2. 在句中作表语，常用宾格，但有时用主格。如：
—Who is it? 谁呀？
—It’s me. 是我。
It was I who told him about it. 是我告诉他这件事的。(强调句型)
3. it 的用法
用法说明 例句
1 作人称代词，指代前面提到的
事物
This is not my book. It is Mary’s. 这不是我的书，是玛莉
的。
2 替代指示代词 this 或 that —What’s this? 这是什么？ —It’s a dictionary. 这是
一本字典。
—Whose jacket is that? 那是谁的夹克？ —It is hers. 是
她的。
3
指人
—Who is knocking at the door? 谁在敲门？ —It’s
me. 是我。
The baby no more cried as soon as it saw its mother. 那
个婴儿一看到他(她)的妈妈就不哭了。
4 —What’s the time now? 现在几点钟？ —It’s ten past
eight. 8:10。指时间、距离、天气、环境等 It’s getting colder and colder now. 现在变得越来越冷了。
It’s about ten minutes’ walk from my home to the
school. 从我家到学校步行大约要十分钟。
It is very quiet at the moment. 目前很安静。
5 指代前面整个句子的内容 Our team won the football match. Have you heard about
it? 我们队赢得了足球赛。你听说了吗？
6
表示“喜欢、恨”等心理方面
的动词，后面跟 it 后再跟从句，
其从句作 it 的同位语
I will appreciate it if you can give me a hand. 如果你能帮
我一个忙，我将十分感激。
I hate it when people talk with their mouths full. 我不喜
欢人们满嘴是食物的时候说话。
I like it in autumn when the weather is clear and bright.
我喜欢秋天，那时候的天气晴朗。
7 (未指明但谈话双方心里都明白
的)那件事、那种情况
How is it (=your life/your work) going? 情况怎样？
—Do you like it here? 你喜欢这里吗？ —Oh, yes. The
air, the weather, the way of life. Everything is so nice. 哦，
当然。这里的空气、天气、生活方式——一切都是这么
的美好。
8 It 还可用作形式主语、形式宾语
以代替主语从句、宾语从句、
不定式短语、动名词短语等
It’s impossible to get there in time. 及时到达那儿是不
可能的。
I find it strange that she doesn’t want to go. 我发现她
不想去，真奇怪。二、物主代词的用法
1. 形容词性物主代词——作定语
This is our classroom. 这是我们的教室。
His father is an engineer. 他父亲是位工程师。
2. 名词性物主代词
所作成分 例句
主语 This is her coat. Mine is over there. 这是她的上衣，我的在那边。
宾语 Something has gone wrong with my bike. May I use yours? 我的自行车出了
点毛病，我能用你的吗？
表语 This book isn’t mine; its Tom’s. 这本书不是我的，是汤姆的。
注意：(1) 英语中必须有形容词性物主代词，而汉语中往往省略不译。如：
Jack took off his coat and went to bed. 杰克脱掉外套就上床睡觉了。
(2) “of+名词性物主代词”可用作定语。如：
Some friends of mine will attend my birthday party. 我的一些朋友将出席我的生日聚会。
三、反身代词的用法
所作成分 例句
动宾 Tom taught himself Chinese. 汤姆自学汉语。1 宾语
介宾 She loves me for myself, not for my money. 她喜欢的是我，不是我
的钱。
2 表语 She is not quite herself today. 她今天有些不舒服。
3 同位语 I myself can repair the bike. 我自己会修自行车。The table itself has only three legs. 这张桌子本身只有三条腿。
四、指示代词的用法
1. 时空的差别。如：
There is this seat here, near me, or there is that one in the fourth row. Which will you have,
this or that? 靠近我的这个座位，还是第四排的那个座位，你选哪一个，这个还是那个？
2. this 和 that 在行文叙述上的差别。如：
I shall say this to you: he is a poor man. 我要跟你说的是，他是一个可怜的人。
He was ill. That’s why he didn’t come. 他生病了，那就是没来的原因。
3. that 和 those 用于表比较的结构。如：
The weather of Zhangjiang is better than that of my hometown. 湛江的天气比我家乡的好。
TV sets made in Nanjing are better than those made here. 南京生产的电视机比在这里生
产的电视机好。
4. 打电话时 this 表示我，that 表示你。
五、不定代词的用法
可数 one, each, many, both, another, either, neither, (a) few
不可数 much, (a) little
可数/不可数 none, any, other, all, some
复合不定代词 anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something, everyone,
everybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing
1. none, no one 与 nothing 的用法区别(1) none 既可指人，也可指物，且一定是特定概念，常用来回答 how many/much 引导的
疑问句；no one 只能指人，且只能是泛指概念，常用来回答 who 引导的疑问句；nothing“什
么也没有”，否定一切，常用来回答 what 引导的疑问句。如：
—How many people are there in the room now? 现在房间里有多少人？ —None. 一个
人都没有。
—Who is in the room? 谁在房间里？ —No one / Nobody. 没有人。
—What’s in your schoolbag? 你书包有啥呢？ —Nothing. 啥都没有。
(2) none 后面可加 of 引导的介词短语，而 something / anything / everything / nothing /
someone / anyone / everyone / no one 却不能。如：
It is none of my business! 这不关我事。
2. each 与 every 的用法区别
(1) each 强调“个体”，具有代词和形容词的作用；every 强调“全体”，只能作定语。each
作同位语时，不影响谓语动词的数。不可用 not each 来表示部分否定，而用 not every 表示部
分否定。如：
The tickets each cost ten dollars. 这些票每张要 10 美元。(each 作同位语)
(2) every 还可表示“每……的、每……中的”，下列说法中只能用 every：
every year or two 每一两年
every now and then 时常
every other day 每隔一天
one car to every 20 people 每 20 人乘一辆车
Choose one out of every ten boys. 每 10 个男孩中选一个。
3. another, other, the other, others 与 the others 的用法区别不定代词 意义 用法说明
another 再一个，另一个 指同类事物中的另一个，用作代词或形容词。如：I don’t like this
coat. Show me another, please.
other 另外的 只作定语，常与复数名词或不可数名词连用；但如果前面有 the,
this, that, some, any, each, every, no, one 以及 my, your, his 等时，
则可与单数名词连用。如：any other plant, every other day
the other 两者中的另一个 常与 one 连用，构成 one…the other… 一个……另一个……；作定语
修饰复数名词时，表示“全部其余的”
others 泛指别的人或物 是 other 的复数形式，泛指别的人或物(但不是全部)，不能作定语，
构成 some…others… 一些……另一些……
the
others
特指其余的人或
物
是 the other 的复数形式，特指其余的人或物
4. both, all, either, any, neither 与 none 的用法区别
都 任何 都不
两者 both either neither
两者(以上) all any none
如：
I had to buy all these books because I didn’t know which one was the best. 我不得不把
这些书都买下来，因为我不知道哪一本最好。
It is easy to do the repair. All you need is a hammer and some nails. 做这个修理工作很容
易你所需要的是一把锤子和一些钉子。
I invited Joe and Linda to dinner, but neither of them came. 我邀请乔和琳达吃晚饭，但是他们两个一个都没来。
—Which of the three ways shall take to the village? 三条路中哪一条通往那个村子？
—Any way as you please. 任何一条都可以。
We had three sets of the garden tools but we seemed to have no use for any. 我们有三套
园艺工具，但是我们没有怎么使用它们。
5. one, ones, the one, the ones, that 与 those 的用法区别
one 用来替代前面出现的单数名词，是泛指概念，相当于“a/an+单数名词”；ones 用来
替代前面出现的复数名词，有时可用 that 代替(尤其在有后置定语的情况下)；the ones 用来替
代前面特指的复数名词，有时可用 those 代替(尤其在有后置定语的情况下)；that 用来替代前
面出现的特指的单数可数名词或特指的不可数名词，相当于“the+单数/不可数名词”。如：
Mr. Zhang gave me a very valuable present, one (=a present) that I have never seen. 张先
生给了我一件十分珍贵的礼物，这件礼物是我从未见过的。
Mr. Zhang gave me many valuable presents, ones (=many presents) that I have never
seen. 张先生给了我许多珍贵的礼物，它们是我从未见过的。
The book on the desk is better than that/the one under the desk. 桌子上的那本书比桌子
下的那本好。
The books on the desk are better than those/the ones under the desk. 桌子上的那些书比
桌子下的那些好。
考点练透
一、单句填空 用适当的代词填空，使其意思和结构完整。
1. We couldn’t eat in a restaurant because ________ of us had ________ money on us.2. I hope there are enough glasses for each guest to have ________.
3. Although he is wealthy, he spends ________ on clothes.
4. —Can you come on Monday or Tuesday?
—I am afraid ________ day is possible.
5. If you want to change for a double room, you will have to pay ________ 15 dollars.
6. —Shall I sit at this end of the boat or the other end?
—If you keep still, you can sit at ________ end.
7. These plants are watered ________ (每两天).
8. If we had followed his plan, we could have done the job better with ________ money and
________ people.
9. There are a lot of trees on ________ side of the square.
10. You will not see ________ the animals in winter.
二、完成句子 用适当的关系代词或副词填空，使其意思和结构完整。
1. The weather was very sunny the following day, ________ was what we had expected.
2. I have finished reading all the books ________ are borrowed from the school library.
3. Is this the second time ________ you have been to Guangzhou?
4. ________ is reported in the newspaper, the war between the two countries has come to a
stop.
5. Can you think of another example ________ this phrase can be used?
6. The train on ________ he is traveling is late.
7. Do you still remember the happy days ________ we spent together in Beijing?
8. I have bought the same skirt ________ she is wearing.9. Is this the reason ________ he is late again?
10. Her parents wouldn’t let her marry anyone ________ family was very poor.
11. I, ________ am your best friend, will help you out.
12. The day will come ________ the people all over the world will win liberation.
13. The students are talking about the strange people and stories ________ they met in the
adventure.
14. He is the very man in ________ pocket I found my lost money.
15. I have a picture by a famous painter ________ was sent to me for my birthday.
三、语篇填空 用适当的代词填空。
One day, as Carl’s wife was going out, her child began to cry, begging to go with
____1____.
“Stay home,” the mother said to him. “When ____2____ return, we will kill a pig for
____3____ dinner!”
When she came back, ____4____ found Carl preparing to slaughter (宰杀) a pig for the
child’s meal. She hurried over to stop ____5____. “What are you doing? You are not really
going to kill a pig, are you?” I was just kidding him!
“How can ____6____ lie to children?” Carl replied. “____7____ learn each and ____8____
movement from ____9____ parents. If ____10____ deceive your child with lies, you are teaching
the child to lie. One cannot educate children this way.”
In the end, Carl killed the pig.
四、语法填空 阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
As a young adult, Noah Webster was a teacher. At that time, the colonies 1 (fight) for independence from Britain. Yet the books that American children used in school all came from
Britain. The books were all about British people and British places. Webster wanted books 2
would mean more to American children’s — a grammar book, a spelling book, and a reader.
These books were very popular, and millions of them 3 (sell).
Webster was interested in changing the spellings of words. 4 wanted words to be
spelled the way they were pronounced. For example, he thought 5 word “head”
should be spelled “hed”, and the word “laugh” should be spelled “laf”. People liked
Webster’s suggestions. Unfortunately, though, few words changed were words in 6 an
unpronounced “u” followed an “o”. That is 7 Americans write color and labor, and
the British write colour and labour.
With the money he made 8 his books, Webster was able to start on his great work.
This work took more than 20 years to write. It was the first American English dictionary, 9
(publish) in 1828. Webster’s dictionary had over 70,000 words and 10 (give) the
meaning and origin of each. To this day, Webster’s work is the example that most
dictionaries of American English follow.
助读词汇
colony n. 殖民地 unpronounced adj. 不发音的
labor n. 劳动 dictionary n. 字典；词典
origin n. 起源 to this day 至今参考答案
考点练透
一、单句填空
1. none; any 2. one 3. little 4. neither 5. another 6. either 7. every other day 8.
less; fewer 9. every 10. all
二、完成句子
1. which 2. that 3. that 4. As 5. where 6. which 7. that/which 8. as 9. why 10.
whose 11. who 12. when 13. that 14. whose 15. that/which
三、语篇填空
1. her 2. I 3. your 4. she 5. him 6. we 7. They 8. every 9. their 10. you
四、语法填空
本文主要介绍美国词典编纂家诺亚·韦伯斯特以及其英语词典。
1. were fighting 分析句子成分可知，动词 fight 在此作谓语，故考虑时态和语态。根据背
景知识和空前的 At that time, the colonies 可知此处应该用过去进行时。
2. that/which 分析句子成分可知 2 would mean more to American children’s 是个定
语从句，先行词是 books，故填 which 或 that 均可。
3. were sold 此处 sell 作谓语，考虑时态和语态。时态是一般过去式，语态要用被动，因
此填 were sold 正确。
4. He 缺少主语填代词。此处 He 指代前面的 Webster。注意首字母要大写。
5. the 根据空后的 word “head” should be spelled “hed”, and the word “laugh”可
知此处是特指，故需用定冠词。
6. which 分析句子成分可知 in 6 an unpronounced “u” followed an “o”是个定语从句且空前已经有个介词 in，故填 which。in which=where。
7. why 此处 why 引导一个表语从句。只有填 why 才符合语境。
8. from 介词短语结构 With the money he made 8 his books 意为“用那些他从书赚
来的钱，……”，表“从……”用介词 from。
9. published 分析句子成分可知，动词 publish 在此作非谓语。而 publish 与逻辑主语
dictionary 存在被动关系，故填过去分词形式 published 作时间状语。
10. gave 根据空前的 Webster’s dictionary had over 70,000 words and 可知，gave 和 had
是两个并列谓语，时态要一致。
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