重难点分析
引用别人的话有两种方式，一种是直接引用别人原句，这叫直接引语，要用引号；另一种
是用自己的话来转述别人话，且不能用引号，这是间接引语。
一、直接引语和间接引语的区别
直接引语 直接引述别人的话，用双引号(“ ”)
间接引语 转述别人的话，不用双引号
二、直接引语改为间接引语时，如引述动词为过去时，间接引语中的动词、时间、时态、
地点、人称等一般要作相应的变化。遵循下列规律：
在直接引语中 在间接引语中
this that指示代词
these those
now then
today that day
yesterday the day before
last week the week before
tomorrow the next day
next year the next year
时间状语
two days ago two days before
地点状语 here there
一般现在时(work) 一般过去时(worked)
现在进行时(is/are working) 过去进行时(was/were working)现在完成时(have/has worked) 过去完成时(had worked)
一般过去时(worked) 过去完成时(had worked)
过去完成时(had worked) (不变) (had worked)
动词时态
( 以 work 为
例)
一般将来时(will work) 过去将来时(would work)
can/may could/might
must had to
come go
动词变化
bring take
三、各种句型的直接引语改成间接引语时的相应变化
句型 变化要领 例句
陈述句 连接词用 that，在口语中可
省略
She said, “He will be busy.”→ She said that he
would be busy.
一般疑问
句
连接词用 if 或 whether，改
为陈述语序
She said to Tom, “Can you help me?”
→ She asked Tom if/whether he could help her.
特殊疑问
句
用原句中的疑问词作连接
词，改为陈述语序
The teacher asked, “How did you repair it?”
→ The teacher asked me how I had repaired it.
祈使句 用“动词+宾语+不定式”结
构
The mother said, “Tom, get up early, please.”
→ The mother asked Tom to get up early.
四、直接引语变间接引语时，几种不变的特殊情况
不变的情况 例句直接引语是客观真理或谚(习)语 The teacher said, “The earth goes around the
sun.”
→ The teacher said that the earth goes around
the sun.
被引述的部分是反复出现的、习惯性的动
作或说话时情况仍然存在
He said, “We are still students.”
→ He said they are still students.
引语中有明确的表示过去的时间状语，时
态不变
He said to me, “I was born in 1998.”
→ He told me that he was born in 1998.
引述部分含有 insist, suggest, demand 等
引导的虚拟宾语从句，变间接引语时，引
语中的主从句时态都不变
She said, “He demanded that the girl leave at
once.”
→ She said he demanded that the girl leave at
once.
引述动词是现在时，则间接引语中的动词、
时间状语、时态的形式不变
She says, “I’ll never forget the moment.”
→ She says that she’ll never forget the moment.
五、其他注意事项
1. 直接引语如果是祈使句，间接引语应改为 tell, ask, order, beg 等。如：
“Don’t make any noise,” she said to the children. → She told/ordered the children not
to make any noise.
2. 直接引语如果是以 Let’s 开头的祈使句，变间接引语时，常用 suggest+动名词(或从
句)。如：
He said, “Let’s go to the library.” → He suggested going to the library. 考点练透
一、完成句子 用适当的形容词、副词或用所给词的适当形式填空。
1. My father said, “Practice makes perfect.”
→ My father said practice ___________ perfect.
2. The boy said to us, “I usually get up at six every day.”
→ The boy told us he usually ___________ at six every day.
3. The engineer said, “I was at college in 1997.”
→ The engineer said he ___________ at college in 1997.
4. My uncle said, “I sowed my carrot seed yesterday.”
→ My uncle said ______________________ carrot seed _______________.
5. The farmers said, “We picked these cabbages three days ago.”
→ The farmers said that ______________________ cabbages _______________.
6. He asked me, “What’s the weather going to be like tomorrow?”
→ He asked me _________ the weather _____________ to be like _____________.
7. The teacher said to us, “Light travels much faster than sound.”
→ The teacher _________ light __________________________.
8. She said to me, “I have left my fork in your room.”
→ She ______________ that ______________ fork in _____________.
9. He said, “I will come here tonight.”
→ He said that __________________________.
10. “Did you plant rice last week?” he said to us. → He _______________ planted rice __________.
11. “Are you ready, children?” asked Mrs. Li.
→ Mrs. Li asked _____________________ ready.
12. “Where is your brother ploughing now?” he asked.
→ He asked ______________ brother ________ ploughing ________.
13. She said, “How many times do you harvest crops every year, Mike?”
→ She asked _______ how many times ___________ crops every year.
14. “Can I borrow this book of yours, Miss Gao?” asked the boy.
→ The boy asked Miss Gao _________ borrow _________ of _________.
15. “How long did it take you to remove the weeds?” he asked the farmers.
→ He asked the farmers how long ____________________ the weeds.
16. “Please have a rest,” the farmer said to us.
→ The farmer ____________________ a rest.
17. One of the students said, “Let me go on with the farm work, Uncle Wang.”
→ One of the students ___________ Uncle Wang _____________ with the farm work.
18. “Don’t take off your blouse,” Lily said to Lucy.
→ Lily asked Lucy __________________ blouse.
19. She said, “Our bus will arrive in five minutes.”
→She said that __________________ in five minutes.
20. “You have finished the homework, haven’t you?” my mother asked.
→My mother asked me __________________ the homework.二、语法填空 阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Dad was always full of advice. One of the biggest lessons he taught me one summer was
about having 1 strong work ethic. When my brother and I were growing up, we
mowed lawns during the summer 2 (earn) pocket money.
Every time we went to work, my dad was there to watch. I used to wonder 3 he
came with us. One day we were cutting our neighbor’s yard. He always waited until the grass
was knee-high to call us over. That afternoon, I was finishing the work and was 4
(tire). I was just about to turn off the mower 5 I saw Dad pointing to some grass. I
thought about how little I was getting paid for cutting grass so high that it almost broke the
mower. I ignored him and kept walking. Dad called me 6 (loud), “You missed a
piece.”
I frowned, 7 (hope) he would go home. He kept pointing. So worn and
discouraged, I went back to cut that piece of grass. I said to myself, “That one piece isn’t
hurting anyone. Why won’t he just let 8 go?”
Other neighbors took notice of the good work that we did and we soon got more
business. We started out with one client, but by the end of the summer we had five.
The lesson my dad taught me stayed with me: be 9 (profession). Give your
customers the kind of service you would like to receive. It shows how sincere you are and how
much pride you take 10 your work.
助读词汇
frown vi. 皱眉
mow vt. 修剪
lawn n. 草地；草坪
client n. 客户work ethic 职业道德 call sb. over 叫某人过来
三、佳作欣赏 下面是一篇摘自全国英语高考书面表达的范文，文中有许多精彩且灵活的
语言表达，用心体会其用法。
Nowadays a growing number of teenagers are online for at least 6 hours a day,
continuously using the chatting-rooms or tirelessly playing games. Worried parents choose
to send their children to so-called “Salvation Training Camp”.
I am strongly against the measures some Salvation Training Camps take to treat the web
addicts. Firstly, restriction of personal freedom doesn’t help them to build their
self-confidence. Secondly, physical punishments may make the problem more serious.
In my opinion, proper guidance is the best way to cure web addicts. On one hand, they
should be guided to use the internet in a healthy way rather than be strictly prohibited
from going online. On the other hand, we should try our best to encourage them to distract
their attention from the web by instructing them to do some more meaningful things in their
spare time. Only by doing this can we cure them thoroughly and effectively.参考答案
考点练透
一、完成句子
1. makes 2. gets up 3. was
4. that he had sowed his; the day before
5. they had picked those; three days before
6. what; was going; the next day
7. told us; travels much faster than sound
8. told me; she had left her; my room
9. he would go there that night
10. asked us if/whether we had; the week before
11. her children if/whether they were
12. me where my; was; then
13. Mike; he harvested
14. if/whether he could; that book; hers
15. it had taken to remove 16. asked us to have
17. asked; to let him go on
18. not to take off her
19. their bus would arrive
20. whether I had finished
二、语法填空
爸爸通过修剪草坪这件事让我明白敬业的真正意义。
1. a 不定冠词的基本用法。
2. to earn 作目的状语用动词不定式。
3. why 此处 why 引导宾语从句。
4. tired 主语是人，故填 tired。
5. when 此处 when 引导的并非是时间状语从句，而是作并列连词，意为“就在这时”。
固定结构 be about to do sth…when…意为“某人正要做……就在这时……”。
6. loudly 修饰动词 called 用副词形式。
7. hoping 此处 hope 作非谓语，作伴随动作，逻辑主语是 I，故填现在分词形式。
8. it 缺宾语填代词。it 在此指代前面的 that one piece。
9. professional 作表语用形容词形式。
10. in 习惯搭配，表在工作中常用介词 in。
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