2020年高三英语语法讲解及练习题：情态动词

重难点分析 情态动词的高考命题导向：情态动词表示说话者的观点和态度，有一定的含义，但是不能 单独充当谓语，必须与其他动词连用。注意区别具有相同功能的，意思相近的情态动词的用法。 一、情态动词基本用法一览表 情态动词 用法 例句 注意事项 can could 表许可(和 may 可互换)、能力； 表怀疑、猜测、可能性(用于 否定和疑问句中)，could 可表 比 can 更委婉的语气及用于 虚拟语气 You can/may sit here. He can’t be sixty. Could you come again tomorrow? can 和 be able to 都可表 能力，但 be able to 可表 “某事终于成功”，有时 态的变化 对 May…do…? 的 否 定 回 答用 mustn’t/can’tmay might 表许可(问句中表请求，might 更委婉)；表可能、或许、猜 测(might 语气更加不肯定)； 表祝愿(用于倒装句中) May/Might I use your bike? He may/might be at home. May you succeed! 对 May/Might…do…? 的 否定回答用 can’t/might not must 表必须、应该(表主观要求)； 表推测(用于肯定句)，意为“准 是、一定” You must study hard. She must be tired. 否定式 mustn’t 表“不 准、禁止”；对 Must…do…? 的 否 定 回 答 用 needn’t/don’t/doesn ’t have to(不必) have to 只好，不得不(客观的必须)， 口语中也可用 have/has got Without help, I had to do it myself. have to 有时态和人称的 变化to ought to 应当(表示义务或责任，口语 中多用 should) You ought to obey laws. 否定式 oughtn’t；疑问 句用 Ought…to do…? shall 用于一、三人称的疑问句，表 征询意见；用于二、三人称， 表示许诺、命令、警告或表示 说话人的决心等 Shall we go now? The sigh there reads, “No person shall smoke here.” should 表建议或劝告，意为“应该”、 本该(含有责备意味) You should learn from each other. You should have given him help. will would 表意志或决心；疑问句中用于 第二人称表请求(would 比较 委婉) He promised he would never smoke again. Will/Would you like some tea? would 表示过去的习惯或 喜好，不涉及现在；used to 表示过去常常做现在 已经不再有的习惯 dare 敢(常用语否定句、疑问句和 条件状语从句中) He dare not/daren’t sleep alone. Dare you touch it? 过去式 dared；可作实义 动词 need 需要、必须(常用于否定句和 疑问句中) You needn’t do the work now. Need…do…?的肯定回答： Yes,…must；可作实义动 词 过去常常(现在已不再) He used to play 否定式 usedn’t/usen’t used to football. to do/ used not to do/didn’t use to do；疑 问 Used…to do…? Did…use to do? 二、“情态动词+be doing”和“情态动词+have done”用法一览表 句式 说明 例句 can + be doing can + have done 表示“可能”，用于否定句 和疑问句(could 也有此用 法，只是语气更委婉) He can’t be telling lies. 他不可能在说谎。 He can’t have told lies. 他不可能说了谎话。 could + have done 指过去没实现的动作，表 “本来可以” It’s too late. You could have told him earlier. 太迟了，你本来能早点告诉他的。 may + be doing may + have done 表示“可能、也许”，用于 肯定句 He may be doing homework. 他也许在做作 业。 He may have missed the train. 他可能错过了 火车。 must + be doing 肯定句，表示“一定在干某 事” The light is on. He must be working. 灯亮着， 他一定在工作。 must + have done 肯定句，表示“准是干了某 事”，对过去事情的肯定猜 测 He is sad. He must have failed the exam. 他 很伤心，准是考试不及格。 “本来不必做”，用于否定 You needn’t have lent the book to him. He needn’t + have done 句 has bought it already. 你本来不必把这本书 借给他，他已经买了一本。 should/ought to + have done 肯定句表示“本应该做而实 际没做”；否定句表示“不 应该做而实际却做了” I should have bought it. 我应该把它买下来 的。 You shouldn’t have scolded him. 你不应该 责骂他的。 考点练透 一、单句填空 用情态动词或所给词的适当形式填空。 1. I should have been there, but I ___________ find the time. 2. Helen ___________ go on the trip with us, but she isn’t quite sure yet. 3. Tom, you ___________ not leave all your clothes on the floor like this! 4. You can’t imagine that a well-behaved gentleman ___________ be so rude to a lady. 5. It has been announced that candidates ___________ remain in their seats until all the papers have been collected. 6. — Lucy doesn’t mind lending you her dictionary. — She ___________. I have already borrowed one. 7. John, look at the time. ___________ you play the piano at such a late hour? 8. — ___________ this book be yours? — No, it ___________ be mine. It ___________ he his. 9. As a girl, she ___________ get up at six every day. 10. ___________ he to clean the classroom after school?11. You ___________ be tired after the long trip, aren’t you? 12. — What’s the name? — Khulaifi. ___________ I spell that for you? 13. You ___________ (see) the film, haven’t you? 14. You ___________ (talk) on the phone at that time, for I couldn’t get through. 15. They ___________ (miss) the plane, or perhaps they have been prevented from coming for some reasons. 16. ___________ you pass the College Entrance Examination! 17. He had known the matter before you told him, so you ___________ (not tell) it to him. 18. I did not call to make any airline reservation but I ___________. 19. The light is out. They ___________ (not work) now. 20. — My cat is really fat. — You ___________ (not give) her so much food. 二、语法填空 阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Many students want to know about the differences between American English and British English. How did these differences come about? There is no quick answer 1 this question. At first the language in Britain and America was the same. In 1776 American became 2 independent country. After that, the language 3 (slow) began to change. For a long time the language in America stayed the same, 4 the language in England changed. For example, 300 years ago the English talked about “fall”. Today, most British people talk about “autumn”, 5 Americans still talk about “fall”. In the same way Americans still use the expression “I guess”(meaning “I think”), just 6 the British did 300 years ago. At the same time, British English and American English started borrowing words from other languages, 7 (end) up with different words. For example, the British took “typhoon” from Chinese, while the Americans took “tornado” from Spanish. The differences are 8 (great) in the spoken language. For example, Americans say dance /dæns/, and in southern England people say /dɑ:ns/. In America 9 pronounce not /nɑ:t/; in southern England they say /nɔt/. However, most of the time people from the two countries do not have any difficulty in 10 (understand) each other 助读词汇 independent adj. 独立的 pronounce vt. 发音 come about 产生 after that 之后 in the same way 同样；以同样的方式 have difficulty in 在某方面有困难 参考答案 考点练透 一、单句填空 1. couldn’t 2. may 3. must 4. should 5. shall 6. needn’t 7. Must 8. Can; can’t; must 9. would 10. Ought 11. must 12. Shall 13. must have seen 14. must be talking 15. must have missed 16. May 17. needn’t have told 18. should have 19. can’t be working 20. shouldn’t have given 二、语法填空 本文主要介绍英国英语和美国英语之间的差异。 1. to 常用搭配，answer to the question(问题的答案)。类似还有 key to the door(门的钥 匙)。 2. an 不定冠词的基本用法，an 在此意为“一个(独立的国家)”。空后 independent 以元 音音素开头，故填 an。 3. slowly 副词修饰动词。 4. while 这里是两种语言的对比，用转折连词 while。(两者对比常用并列连词 while) 5. but 空的前后是两个分句，故填连接词。根据两句间的逻辑关系可知此处存在一个转 折关系，故填 but。 6. as 根据句意可知，此处是指“正如 300 年前不列颠人使用的一样”。just as 在此意为“正 如”，引导方式状语从句。 7. ending 分析句子成分可知，动词 end 在此作非谓语。end 在此与逻辑主语 British English and American English 是主动关系，故填 ending 作结果状语。 8. greater 这是一个隐性比较级。句意：在口语方面的不同之处就更大了。 9. they 缺少主语填代词，they 在此指代前面的 Americans。 10. understanding 介词后的动词需用动名词形式。