Unit 6 Our Local Area知识点总结(仁爱七下)

Unit 6  Our Local Area Topic 1  I have a nice house 一、词汇： 1.       in front of 在……的前面 2.       hear from sb. 收到某人的来信 3.       next to 靠近  4.       give back归还 5.       for a while 一会儿 6.       go upstairs 上楼 7.       have a look 看一看 8.       put away 把……收起来 9.       play with a ball 玩球 10.   on the second floor 在第二层 11.   look after 照顾；照看；照料；保管 二、句型: 1.       Why not go upstairs and have a look?  (1) go upstairs上楼        go downstairs下楼  (2) have a look看 have a look at… 看…… have a walk散步 have a bath洗澡 have a swim游泳 have a talk谈话 have a rest休息  (3) Why not+动词原形…?句型是提建议的一种表达法，形同“Why don’t + 人称代词 + 动词原形上+ …？”。这样的句型常用来启发或建议某人做某事。回答常用Ok, let’s…/All right./That’s a good idea. 2.       Please give it back soon.请尽快地把它还给我。 give …back:(=return)归还：代词作宾语时应放在give 和back的中间，如果是名词作宾语，可放在中间，也可放在后面。例如：    give the book back;/give back the book.    give it back / give them back 类似的短语还有put away, put on, try on, take off, 3.Let’s play computer games for a while.让我们玩一会儿电脑吧。 (1)    play computer games玩电脑游戏 (2)    Let’s …=Let us后接动词原形：让我们…… 4.My pet dog plays with the ball everywhere.我的宠物狗在家里到处玩球。 (1)    everywhere=here and there处处；到处 (2)    play with 其后接人时，意为“与……玩”             其后接物时，意为“玩（单纯地玩耍）……” play football, play basketball, play volleyball指技术性较高的运动  5.There is a watermelon and lots of apples in the box.箱子里有一个西瓜和许多苹果。 (1)    lots of =a lot of 许多的；大量的，用来修饰名词 There are a lot of students in that school. （=many） There was a lot of snow last year.(=much) There’s a lot of rice in the bag.(=much) 三、语法：There be句型和Have的区别 类型 There be Have 涵义不同 侧重 "存在关系"，表示"某地或某时间存在某人/某物"，there只是引导词，无意义。 如：There is a boat in the river.河里有一条船。 侧重 "所属关系"，示"属于……所拥有"的东西，第三人称用has。如： I have a nice watch.                 我有一块好看的手表。                 She has a new computer.                 她有一台新电脑。   句型不同 1.肯定式：There is/are+主语+其它。 2.否定式：There is/are+ not+主语+其它。 3.疑问式：--Is/Are there+主语+其它？ --Yes, there is/are. --No, there isn't/aren't 1.肯定式：主语+have/has+其它。 2.吉伯定式：a)主语+don't/doesn't have+其它； b)主语+haven't/hasn't+其它。 3.疑问式：a)--Do/does+主语+have+其它？ --Yes,主语+do/does./No,主语+don't/doesn't. b)--Have/Has+主语+其它？--Yes,主语+have/has./No,主语+haven't/hasn't.   主谓一致不同 1.There is +单数主语/不可数主语…如： There is some milk in hte bottle. There is a hat on the desk. 2.There are+复数主语…如：There are some flowers in the basket. 3.There is +单数主语+and+复数主语…如： There is a mouse and two pens on the deak. 4.There are+复数主语+and+单数主语…如：There are two pens and a mouseon the desk. 1.主语（第三人称单数）+has+…如： She has many new clothes. Tom has a nice feather. 2.第一、二人称单数和复数主语+have+…如:You have some good firends but they have few.       划线提问不同 1.对主语提问一律用"What's+某地/某时？"结构，其中谓语动词须用is，且there要省略。如：There are some pictures on the wall.---What's on the wall? 2.对地点提问要用"Where is/are there…?"如：There is a black car under the tree.--Where is there a black car? 3.对主语的数量提问要用"How many+主语（复数）+are there…?/How much+主语（不可数）+is there…?" 如： There're three people in my family. --How many people are there in your family? There's some rice in the bag. ---How much rice is there in the bag? 1.对主语提问要用"Who/has/have+…?"如： Mary has a sweater.--Who has a sweater? We have new brooms.--Who hsve new brooms? 2.对宾语提问要用"What have/has+主语？/What do does+主语+have…?"如： My father has a big farm .                       What has your father?/                     What does your father have? 3.对宾语的数量提问用"How many+复数名词+have/has+主语？/How much+不可数名词+have/has+主语？"或"How many +复数名词+do/does+主语+have?/How much+不可数名词+do/does+主语+have?" 如：I have two pictures. --How many pictures do you have?/How many pictures have you?   注意 there be结构在改为否定或疑问句时，一般将some改为any. 如：There are some dishes on the desk. --There aren't any dishes on the desk./Are there any dishes on the desk? have 句型在改为否定句时，也应将 some 改为 any. 如： She has some fruit. --She hasn't/doesn't have any fruit./Has she any fruit?/Does she have any fruit? 注：在表示 "附属于某物/某处的东西"时，there be结构与have句型都可以用。如： There are four windows in the classroom =The classroom has four windows. The house has eighteen floors.=There are eighteen floors in the house. Topic 2  I am your new neighbor. 一、词汇： 1.       look for寻找 2.       a parking lot停车场 3.       at the street corner在街道的拐角 4.       play the piano弹钢琴 5.       knock at（the door）敲（门） 6.       hear sb. doing sth.听到某人正在做某事 7.       at the end of 在……的尽头；在……的末尾 8.       in the suburbs在郊外；在郊区 9.       according to按照 二、句型: 1.       What’s your home like?你的家什么样？ like用作动词时意为“喜欢”，用作介词时意为“像……”，常用短语：be like, look like 2.       I’m looking for a grocery store.我正在找一家杂货店。 look for 寻找。强调寻找的动作； find找到，发现。强调结果； find out着重指通过分析、调查等弄清或杳明一件事情 Are you looking for your pen? Yes, I am.你在找你的钢笔吗？是的。 Can you help me find my bike?你能帮我找到自行车吗？ Please find out who broke the window.请找出是谁把窗户打破的？ 3.There is one in front of our building.我们的楼前有一家（杂货店）。    in front of 在……的前面（在范围之外的前面）    in the front of在……的前面（在范围内的前面）    There is a tree in front of the classroom..教室前面有一棵树。（树在教室外） The teacher is standing in the front of the classroom.老师站在教室的前面。（老师在教室里） 4.What’s the matter?怎么了？（出什么事了？）   类似的表达法还有：What’s up?/What’s wrong?/What’s going on? 5.People enjoy living in a house with a lawn and a garden.人们喜欢住带有草坪和花园的房子。    enjoy doing sth.喜欢、享受做某事。Enjoy后接名词或动词的ing形式，如：    He enjoys reading novels.他喜欢读小说。 6.I hear you playing the piano beautifully.我听见你弹钢琴很动听。   hear sb. doing sth.听到某人正在做某事。如：.   I hear them singing songs in the next room.我听到他们正在隔壁房间唱歌。  7.Hello, this is Mrs. Wang speaking.喂，我是王太太。   电话用语，不用I和you, 而用this和that。如：   This is Mary (speaking).我是玛丽。   Who’s that (speaking)?你是谁？  8. The kitchen fan doesn’t work.厨房的排气扇不工作了。    work进行顺利，起作用，（机器）正常运转 如：My clock doesn’t work.我的钟不走了。 Topic 3 Is there a supermarket around here? 一、词汇： 1.       thousands of成千上万的 2.       a public phone公用电话 3.       get to到达 4.       the way to the station去车站的路 5.       be far from远离…… 6.       traffic lights交通灯 7.       across from在（街，路等）的对面 8.       between…and…在……和……之间 9.       the information desk咨询处 10.   on the left在左边；on the right在右边 二、句型: 1.       Excuse me, how can I get to the library?劳驾，去图书馆怎么走？ 2.       Turn right at the second turn.在第二个拐弯处向右拐。 (1)    turn right（left）= turn to the right (left)向右(左)拐 (2)    turn (turning)名词，拐弯处 at the first turning在第一个拐弯处 (3)    Turn right at the second turn. =Take the second turning on the right. 3.       Thank you anyway.仍然（还是）要谢谢你。类似的还有： Thank you all the same./Thank you anyhow. 4.       You need to take No. 718 bus here.你需要乘718路公共汽车。 need作行为动词时，意为“需要，需求”，有人称、数和时态的变化。need to do sth. 需要做某事，如：You need to have a good rest.你需要好好休息。         need还可作情态动词，意为“必要，需要”，后接动词原形，常用作否定形式needn’t，意为“不必”，如：You needn’t drive so fast.你不必开得这么快。 5.       Every year thousands of people get hurt or die in road accidents.每年成千上万的人在交通事故中受伤或死亡。 hundred和thousand等表示数目的词前如果有确切的数字，这些词不用复数形式，后面直接跟名词；如果本身表示模糊的概念，这些词用复数且后跟of才能再接名词，如：two hundred books两百本书hundreds of books成百上千本书 five thousand trees五千棵树thousands of trees 成千上万棵树 6.       If everyone obeys the rules, the roads will be much safer.如果人人都遵守交通规则的话，道路交通就会变得更加安全。 (1)    much safer安全得多  much用在比较级前，强调程度。类似的还有a little等。 The earth is much bigger the moon.地球比月亮大得多。 Are you feeling much better today?你今天觉得好点了吗？ Tom is a little taller than his mother.汤姆比他妈妈高一点儿。 (2)    if 连词，意为“如果，假如” If you are hungry ,you can buy some food in the shop.如果你饿了，你可以在店里买点食物。 If he comes , I will tell you .如果他来了，我就告诉你。   三、语言点： 1.       英语中常见的问路方法有: (1)    Is there a … near here? (2)    Where is the … ,please ? (3)    Do you know the way to… ,please? (4)    Which is the way to … ,please? (5)    How can I get to …? (6)    Can you tell me the way to…? (7)    Can you find the way to …? (8)    I want to go to…  .Do you know the way? 2.       英语中常见的指路方法有: It’s over there . It’s next to the … It’s across from… It’s behind the … It’s between … and … . Walk/Go along this street. It’s about …meters from here. Take the first turning on the left. Walk on and turn right. 四、形容词比较级的构成:                     绝大多数形容词有三种形式,原级,比较级和最高级, 以表示形容词说明的性质在程度上的不同。                        形容词的原级: 形容词的原级形式就是词典中出现的形容词的原形。 例如:                        poor  tall  great  glad  bad                          形容词的比较级和最高级: 形容词的比较级和最高级形式是在形容词的原级形式的基础上变 化的。 分为规则变化和不规则变化。                        规则变化如下:                         1) 单音节形容词的比较级和最高级形式是在词尾加 -er 和 -est 构成。                         great (原级) greater(比较级) greatest(最高级)                        2) 以 -e 结尾的单音节形容词的比较级和最高级是在词尾加 -r 和 -st 构成。                         wide (原级) wider (比较级) widest (最高级)                        3)少数以-y, -er, -ow, -ble结尾的双音节形容词的比较级和最高级是在词尾加 -er 和 -est 构成。                         clever(原级) cleverer(比较级) cleverest(最高级)                        4) 以 -y 结尾,但 -y 前是辅音字母的形容词的比较级和最高级是把 -y 去掉,加上 -ier 和-est    构 成.                         happy (原形) happier (比较级) happiest (最高级)                        5) 以一个辅音字母结尾其前面的元音字母发短元音的形容词的比较级和最高级是双写该辅音字      母然后再加 -er和-est。                         big (原级) bigger (比较级) biggest (最高级)                        6) 双音节和多音节形容词的比较级和最高级需用more 和 most 加在形容词前面来构成。                         beautiful (原级) difficult (原级)                        more beautiful (比较级) more difficult (比较级)                         most beautiful (最高级) most difficult (最高级)                         常用的不规则变化的形容词的比较级和最高级:                         原级      比较级       最高级                         good      better        best                         many      more        most                         much      more        most                         bad       worse       worst                         little        less        least                         ill        worse       worst                         far       farther(further)   farthest(furthest)