sectionA grammar
八下英语Unit 2 I’ll help to clean up
the city park. Free talk
Do you want to be a volunteer?
What kind of volunteer work do you
think you could do?volunteer
志愿者help old peoplegive out
food at the
food bankvisit sick
people in
the hospitalcheer up sick kids在校园集合
出发clean
up the
parkWhat else could you do to help people?
help children with their schoolwork.
visit the old in an old people’s home.
help watch the traffic.
give our old books to “Hope School”.
…
I’d like to
I hope to
I could
I volunteer to
.
..homeless peopleI’d like to help
homeless people.
Kobe Bryant
would
like to help
homeless people. we are volunteers.
Volunteers Mark cheer myself upB: You could ask hospitals to let you
visit the kids and cheer them up.
A: What could I do?Learning can help us to get our future dream jobs.They volunteer there once
a week to help kids lean to write.They volunteer there once
a week to help kids lean to
read.put up signs
I’m making some signs
to put up around the
school.people without homes
start; establish
make something clean
make someone happier
work in the open air
make something happen later
give something to somebody in order
to help someone who needs help
to hang or stick something on (a
board)
clean up
put up
cheer up
work outside
offer help
put off
give out
homeless people
set up
Can you match the phrases?I’d like to help homeless people.
She decided to try out for a volunteer
after-school reading program.
You could ask hospitals to let you visit the
kids and cheer them up.
Grammar FocusGrammar Focus
Mario believes it can help him to get his
future dream job.
She volunteers there once a week to help
kids lean to read.
I’m making some signs to put up around
the school. 动词不定式是一种非谓语动词形式，
其结构为“to＋动词原形”，其中to不是
介词，而是动词不定式的符号，称为小品
词，动词不定式没有人称和数的变化。动
词不定式和其后面的名词等构成不定式短
语，在句子中可以用作主语、表语、宾语、
补足语、定语、状语等。本单元主要学习
其作宾语，状语，宾补的用法。
(一)动词不定式 一. 作宾语
动词不定式（短语）可以放在一些动词后
面用作宾语，能以动词不定式作宾语的动词
有：begin, want, remember, agree, learn,
like, decide, fail, pretend, demand, refuse等。
例：
• I want to tell you a story.
They begin to work at eight every morning.
Don’t forget to lock the door.
Would you like to go and have a picnic with
us tomorrow? 二. 作宾语补足语。例如：
• The teacher asked us to read English for half
an hour in the morning.
• The teacher often tells Jim not to spend too
much time playing computer games.
• Please let me help you.
动词不定式作宾语补足语，表示宾语所做的动
作，可以用动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词有：
tell, ask, want, like, invite, encourage, help等。但在let, make, see, watch, hear, feel, notice,
have等感官听觉动词或使役动词后面作宾语补
足语的动词不定式一般要省略动词不定式符号
“to”，可以归纳为以下三种句式：
1.不可以省to的不定式作宾语补足语：
tell /ask / want / would like / wish / suppose /
invite /encourage /teach/ depend on等 + sb.+ to
do sth. 例：
The teacher told us to come earlier tomorrow.
I want you to go now.
Her parents wish her to be a teacher. 2.省“to”的不定式作宾语补足语：
Let / make / have + sb. +do sth.
• Let the boy go out now.
• The boy made the baby cry.
see / watch / hear / notice / feel + sb. +do sth.
• I saw the students play basketball on the
playground yesterday.
• I often hear the girl sing in the next room.
3.可省可不省的： help sb. （to）do sth.
I often help my mother （to）do housework.否定形式：
（1）动词不定式的否定式是直接在to之前加
not. 例：Tell them not to play football in the
street.
（2）省to的动词不定式的否定式是直接在动
词前面加not. 例：
Let the boy not go.三. 作状语:
（1）作目的状语。如：He stopped to have a
rest. 强调动词不定式所表示的目的时，动词
不定式可用in order to或so as to +动词原形，
so as to不用于句首。如：
The bus stopped so as to pick up passengers.
（2）作结果状语。如：
He woke up only to find everybody gone.
His grandma lived to see the liberation of
China.
He is old enough to go to school.（3）在某些表示喜、怒、哀、乐等的形
容词后作原因状语。如:I’m proud to
have taken part in the competitions...
e.g. I’m happy to have found many
things I can do.Phrasal
verb
Sentence Meaning
cheer up He looks sad. Let’s cheer
him up.
make sb
happy
give out We’re going to give out
money to the poor.
hand out
come up
with
We need to come up with
some ideas.
think up
(二)动词短语一、定义
动词之后加介词或副词构成短语,表达
一种特定的含义,称为动词短语。
二、分类
1.动词+介词
2.动词+副词
3.其它类动词词组 1. 动词+介词
look at 看 look like 看上去像
look after 照料 listen to 听
welcome to 欢迎到……
say hello to 向……问好
speak to 对……说
此类短语相当于及物动词，其后必须带宾语，但
宾语无论是名词还是代词，都要放在介词之后。
e.g. He is looking after his sister.
She always takes care of these children.2. 动词+副词
“动词+副词”所构成的短语义分为两类：
A．动词（vt.）+副词
put on 穿上
take off 脱下
write down 记下
此类短语可以带宾语，宾语若是名词，放在副词
前后皆可；宾语若是人称代词，只能放在副词
的前面。
e.g. He took off his coat.B．动词（vi）+副词
come on 赶快
get up 起床
go home 回家
come in 进来
sit down 坐下
stand up 起立
此类短语属于不及物动词, 不可以带宾语。
e.g. Come on! The bus is coming! close the door
look the same
go to work/class
be ill
have a look/seat
have supper
look young
go shopping
watch TV/games
play games
3、其它类动词词组1.由put引导的短语
put away
put on
put up
put off
put into
put down
put out
常用短语及用法
把……放好
穿上，把……放在……上
举起，表现出，张贴
推迟，拖延
把……放入，把……翻译成……
记下，放下
放出，伸出2. 由give引导的短语
give up
give in
give out
give away
give back
give off
放弃
屈服，让步
分发，散发；用尽，耗尽
捐赠，赠送；分发
归还，恢复
发出，放出3.由call 引导的短语
call on
call up
call in
call at
call for
访问（某人）；号召；要求
打电话给……；使人想起……
找来，请来
访问(某处)；(车，船等)停靠(某处)
需要，要求４.由take 引导的短语
take back
take after
take away
take down
take up
take over
take off
拿回；使疑惑
像……
拿走，减去
写下，记下；拆卸
占据空间
接过……；接管
脱下；飞机起飞5. 由look 引导的短语
look after
look for
look at
look into
look through
look out
look out of
look up
look like
照顾，照料
寻找，找……
看……
调查；向……里看
浏览，快速地看
小心
向……外看
查找，查询；向……上看
看起来像……6.由show引导的短语
show up
show off
show around
出现，露面
炫耀，卖弄
带……参观……7.由turn引导的短语
turn up
turn on
turn off
turn down
turn to
turn over
turn in
turn out
把(音量)开大；出现，到达
打开
关掉(煤气、水、电等)
把(音量)关小；拒绝
向……求助；转向……
翻转，翻身
归还，就寝
结果是……，证明是……；生产1. I want to_______ my plan to work in an
animal hospital until next summer. I’m too
busy with my studies this year.
2. She hopes to________________ at least five
primary schools to ask if they need volunteers
for their after-school programs.
4a Fill in the blanks with phrasal verbs in the box.
put up hand out call up cheer up
come up with give out put off
put off
call up3. Our class is trying to____________ some
ideas to_________ sick children because
they are often sad.
4. We decided to _________signs around the
school and_________ notices to tell students
about the book sale. We will_________ the
money from the sale to homeless people.
come up with
cheer up
put up
hand out
give out4b Fill in the blanks with the correct forms of
the verbs in the box.
help move do make visit spend
Most people today are only worried about
getting good jobs _________ lots of money.
In their free time, they think about what
_______ for fun. However, few people think
about what they can do__________ others.
There are many people
to do
to help
to makewho are less lucky than us. Volunteering our
time to help these people is a good way
__________ our free time. For example, we can
make plans_________ sick children in the
hospital or raise money for homeless people.
Some people even stop doing their jobs for a
few months to a year__________ to another
place，like one of the countries in Africa, and
help people there
to spend
to visit
to move4c Complete the sentences with your own ideas.
Use infinitives.
1.I’d like to volunteer______________________
________________
2. At 12:00 a.m., I called my friend________
____________________________________.
3. I’m very busy but I could help__________
____________________________________
4. Summer vacation is coming, and I want___
_____________________________________
5. I want to travel alone. My parents told me
(not) ________________________________.
at the food bank to help
the poor people.
to play
basketball at the playground.
to look after
my little sister.
to go to beach with my friends.
not to eat unhealthy food.1) I’d like ______ homeless people.
2) She decided _________ for a volunteer
after-school reading program.
3) You could ask hospitals ____ you visit the
kids and cheer them up.
4) Mario believes it can help him _____ his
future dream job.
5) She volunteers there once a week ______
kids learn _______.
6) I’m making some signs ________ around
the school.
Fill in the blanks.
to help
to try out
to let
to get
to help
to read
to put up1. I want _________ (become) a policeman
one day.
2. He wants the students _____ (eat) well.
3. The teacher made his students _____
(come) into the meeting room on time.
4. The boy was free _____ (go) where he
liked.
5. Nobody tells him what _____ (do) next.
根据提示完成下列句子。
to become
to eat
come
to go
to do根据汉语提示补全句子。
1. 你愿意帮忙打扫城市公园吗？
Would you like ___ ____ ____ ___ the city
parks?
2. 莉莉，你能帮我洗碗吗？
Could you please help me ___ ____ the
dishes, Lily?
3. 简没有想出解决这道数学题的好方法。
Jane didn’t _____ ___ ____ a good way
___ _____ ____ this math problem.
to help clean up
to wash
come up with
to work out4. 他们正计划去拉萨旅行。
They’re ________ __ ____ a trip
to Lassa.
5. 我们应该努力学习，将来为我们的祖
国做重大的贡献。
We should study hard __ ______ a
major commitment for our country in
the future.
planning to take
to make根据汉语提示完成下列句子。
1.We must find a person ____________
(做这项工作)
2.2. In my family, my mother is always
the first one _______ (起床).
3. Do you have ____________________
(什么问题要问)？
4. Please tell me ___________________
(怎样念这个词).
to do the work
to get up
any questions to ask
how to say this word5. I haven’t decided _______________ (买
哪一件衬衫)
6. The question is ______________ (走哪
一条路).
7. She didn’t know __________ (说什么)？
8. I __________________ (看见他上楼) a
moment ago.
which shirt to buy
which way to go
what to say
saw him go upstairs1.I always tell my students ____ on the
road because it’s really dangerous.
[2013广东广州]
A. not to play B. to play not
C. not playing D. not play
2. –I will go to Harbin for my summer
vacation. What about you?
-- I haven’t decided where ____.
[2013山东济宁]
A. go B. went C. going D. to go3. – I didn’t hear you come in just now.
-- That’s good. We tried ___ any noise,
for you were sleeping. [2013广东]
A. not make B. not to make
C. to make D. making
4. Lucy is shy. She would not invite her
classmates ____ dancing with her.
[2013江西]
A. practice B. practices
C. practicing D. to practiceChoose the best answer.
( )1. Would you please drive faster? My flight is
_______.
A. taking off B. getting off
C. turning off D. putting off
( )2. ---How is the play going ?
---We are going to _______ tomorrow.
A. put on it B. put it off C. put it on D. put off it
( )3. We have to _______ our things if we travel on a
train or a bus.
A. look at B. look up
C. look like D. look after
A
B
D ( ) 4. If you ______ a new idea, please call me as
soon as possible.
A. keep up with B. catch up with
C. feed up with D. come up with
( ) 5. Please _______ the box carefully. It is filled with
glasses.
A. put down B. put on C. put off D. put together
( ) 6. ---________ ! There’s a car coming!
--- Oh. Thanks.
A. Look over B. Look up
C. Look on D. Look out
D
A
D ( ) 7. It’s very cold today. You’d better put _____
your coat when you go out.
A. away B. down C. on D. up
( ) 8. Lucy, could you please help me _____ the map
on the blackboard?
A. put into B. put up C. put out D. put on
( ) 9. “Get a ladder, please. I can’t _____ .” Jim said
in a tall tree.
A. come back B. come out
C. come down D. come over
C
B
C ( ) 10. I can’t see the words clearly. Can I _____
the light?
A. turn on B. put off
C. hold on D. take off
( ) 11. As soon as the man walked into the warm
room, he _____ his heavy coat and sat down.
A. took away B. took down
C. took off D. took up
( ) 12. Would you mind _________ my pet dog
while I’m away?
A. setting up B. looking after
C. turning down D. keeping out
A
C
B ( ) 13. ---Mum, I’m offered 8,000 Yuan a
month of the job.
---Really? It just sounds _____to be true.
A. so well B. too good
C. good enough D. too well
( ) 14. When he ________ home, he saw his
mother cleaning the room.
A. got up B. got back C. got off D. got on
( ) 15. Father is sleeping. You’d better ____
quiet.
A. to keep B. keep C. keeping D. kept
B
B
B Homework
Revise the structures learned in this section
and try to make dialogues with them.
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