由词连句——背词汇、学连句，让作文丰满起来
一、话题常用词汇必背
1．常用单词
(1)consideration n．考虑，体贴
(2)deed n. 行为，事迹
(3)activity n. 活动
(4)hesitation n. 犹豫
(5)dignity n. 尊严
(6)assistance n. 帮助
(7)offer v. 提供
(8)congratulate v. 祝贺
(9)remind v. 提醒
(10)persevere v. 坚持不懈
(11)advocate v． 提倡
(12)overcome v. 克服
(13)inspire v. 鼓励，激励
(14)harmonious adj. 和谐的
(15)regretful adj. 后悔的
(16)independent adj. 独立的(17)outgoing adj. 外向的
(18)meaningful adj. 有意义的
(19)confident adj. 自信的
(20)unfortunately adv. 不幸地
(21)strongly adv. 强烈地2．常用短语
(1)give up 放弃
(2)rather than 而不是
(3)belong to 属于
(4)be familiar with 对……熟悉
(5)have a talent for 在……有天赋
(6)remind sb. of ... 使某人想起……
(7)call on sb. to do sth. 号召某人做某事
(8)receive many awards for 因为……获得很多奖二、连词成句并背诵(按括号中的要求，添加适当的词连词成句)
1．as we all know, attend, such an activity, really, meaningful
(用动名词短语作主语)
答案：____________________________________________
____________
2．see, the old man, stand, I, offer, my seat, him, without,
hesitation (用现在分词作状语和宾语补足语)
答案：____________________________________________
_____________________
As we all know, attending such an activity is really
meaningful.
Seeing the old man standing, I offered my seat to
him without hesitation. 3．his behavior, remind, us, the traditional Chinese virtues,
help, others (用it作形式主语)
答案：____________________________________________
___________________________
4．inspire, her dream, she, continue, study, by oneself, rather
than, give up (用过去分词短语作状语)
答案：____________________________________________
__________________________
His behavior reminds us that it is the traditional
Chinese virtues to help others.
Inspired by her dream, she continued to study by
herself rather than give up.Ⅰ.高频单词必记
1．_______ vt. 假装；假扮
2．_______ vt.& vi. 系上；缚上；附加；连接
3．_______ vt. (使)组成；形成；构成
4．_____ vt. 赚；挣得；获得
5．______ adj. 额外的；外加的
6．_________ n．& vi.& vt. 广播；播放
pretend
attach
form
earn
extra
broadcast7．__________ adj. 熟悉的；常见的；亲近的
8．__________ n．过路人；行人→____________ (pl)
9．________ vt.& vi.表演；履行；执行→_____________
n．表演；演奏；工作；成绩
10．____ vi.依赖；依靠→_______ adj.可靠的；可信赖的
11．_________ adj.幽默的；诙谐的→_________ n．幽默
familiar
passerby passersby
perform performance
rely reliable
humorous humor12． adj.吸引人的；有吸引力的→ vt.吸
引→ n．吸引；吸引力；吸引人的事物
13． adj.自信的；确信的→ n．自
信；信任
14． adj.简短的；简要的→ adv.简要地；短暂地
15． n．投入；热爱→ vt.投入；热爱
→ adj.献身的；忠诚的
16． adj.敏感的；易受伤害的；灵敏的→_______
n．感觉；感官
attractive attract
attraction
brief briefly
devotion devote
devoted
sense
confident confidence
sensitive1．语境串记(用所给词的适当形式填空)
(1)The doctor the operation quite well and the
director was very satisfied with his and
praised him as a real of difficult
operations.(perform)
(2)He was a communist fighter, whose to
his country made him all his life to the
revolutionary cause.(devote)
(3)After a pause, he began to end up the meeting
with few words.(brief)
performed
performance
performer
devoted devotion
brief
devote
briefly2．主题串记
本单元学习了devotion，请根据词性和汉语提示写出像
它一样含tion后缀的高频单词
(1) n． 装饰；装潢；装饰品
(2) n. 描写；形容；叙述
(3) n. 目标；目的地；终点
(4) n. 谈话；交谈
(5) n. 方向；方位；[常用复数]指示；用法说明
decoration
description
destination
conversation
direction Ⅱ.重点短语必背
1．_________ 梦见；梦想；设想
2．____________ 说实在地；实话说
3．_________ 认为有(重要性、意义)；附上；连接
*4．________ 用现金；有现钱
*5．_____________ 戏弄
*6．________ 依赖；依靠
dream of
to be honest
attach ...to
in cash
play jokes on
rely on7．__________________ 熟悉；与……熟悉起来
8．_______ 大约
*9．_________ 打碎；分裂；解体
*10．_________ 另外；也
*11．________ 分类
*12．__________ 最重要；首先
be/get/familiar with
or so
break up
in addition
sort out
above all选用以上标有*的短语填空(其中有一项是多余的)
1．By tradition, people often others on April
Fools' Day.
2．Don't him to do anything. He's just a talker.
3．It is necessary that he the information for
my reference.
4．It's the last week before they , and they're doing all
kinds of Christmas activities.
5．Please pay , credit cards cannot be used in this
supermarket.
6．We must work, and we must believe in ourselves.
play jokes on
rely on
(should) sort out
break up
in cash
above allⅢ.经典句型必会
most of which are worldfamous
1．The musicians were to play jokes on each other as well as
play music, most of which was based loosely on the Beatles.
组成乐队的音乐人演奏音乐，还彼此打趣逗乐。这些玩笑
和音乐大多都在模仿“甲壳虫”乐队。
[解读] most of which是由“代词＋of＋which”构成的定语
从句。
[仿写] 他拍了十多部电影，其中大多数都是世界闻名的。
He has made ten films, .2．Their personal life was regularly discussed by people who
did not know them but talked as if they were close friends.
一些不认识他们的人也在不断地讨论他们的私生活，而且
就像是他们的密友一样在谈论他们。
[解读] as if/though “似乎；好像”，引导方式状语从句。
[仿写] 他谈论起长城好像长城是他自己建造的一样。
He talked about the Great Wall it had been built by
himself.
as if3．Each week on TV, the Monkees would play and sing songs
written by other musicians.
门基乐队每个星期都要在电视上演唱由别的音乐家创作的
歌曲。
[解读] written by other musicians为过去分词短语作定语，
修饰名词songs。
[仿写] 我们期待着从全国各地挑选出来的运动员能在今年
夏季的赛事中给我们带来荣誉。
The players are expected
to bring us honor in this summer game.
selected from the whole countrywithout talking about sports first
4．Freddy and his band could not go out anywhere without
being followed.
弗雷迪和他的乐队无论走到哪里都会有人跟随。
[解读] not ...without ...“没有……就不能……”，双重否
定句式。
[仿写] 我们每次见面无不是从谈论体育开始的。
We never see each other .1．pretend vt.& vi.假装；扮演
[经典例句] We can't just go on pretending that
everything is OK.(朗文P1610)
我们不能继续假装一切正常。 ①She pretended she didn't know me/pretended not to know me
when we met in the street.
我在街上见到她时，她装作不认识我。
②When his mother came in, he his
homework.
妈妈进来时，他假装正在做作业。
③Jacy pretended to have known everything about it and said
nothing.
杰西假装已了解了一切，一句话也没说。
pretended to be doing2．attach vt.附上；系上；贴 上；使依恋
[教材原句] To be honest, a lot of people attach great
importance to becoming rich and famous.
说实在的，许多人把名和利看得很重。
(1)attach ...to ... 把……固定(附在)……上
attach importance/significance/value/weight to sth.
认为……有重要性/意义/价值/分量
attach to (使)与……有联系/关联
(2)attached adj. 依恋；附属于
be attached to 附属于；依恋①The photo attached to the application was sometimes that of a
very goodlooking person and sometimes that of a less attractive
person.(2012·上海高考完形填空)
贴 在申请表上的照片有时是长相好看的人的，有时是缺乏吸引
力的人的。
②They have attached a number of conditions to the agreement.
他们在协议上附加了许多条件。
③This hospital the medical college nearby.
这家医院附属于附近的那所医学院。
is attached to [链接高考]
(2010·江西高考)Parents_____________ much importance to
education. They will do their best to give their children that
priceless gift.
A．attach B．pay C．link D．apply
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：父母都非常重视教育。他们
会尽自己最大的努力给予孩子们无价的馈赠。attach much
importance to“非常重视……”，为习语搭配。pay“付出”，短
语为pay attention to“重视；注意”； link ...to ...“把……与……
联系起来”；apply to“适应”。 答案：A3．form n．形状；形态；外形；表格；形式 v．(使)组成；
形成；构成；排列
[教材原句] But just how do people form a band?
但是人们是怎样组成一个乐队的呢？
(1)form the habit of doing sth.＝ get into/fall into the
habit of doing sth. 养成做某事的习惯form/set up
a
club 成立俱乐部
(2)in the form of 以……的形式
take the form of 采取……的形式；表现为……的形
式
fill in/out the form 填表格①He was about to give up when a good idea began to form in his
mind.
他正要放弃，这时一个好主意在脑海中形成。
②Once you form the habit of blaming somebody for a bad
situation, you are a loser.
一旦养成情况不妙就指责别人的习惯，那你就是个失败者。
③Her services were recognised a Military
Medal by the French government.
法国政府以授予军事奖章的形式来表彰她的服务。
in the form of4．perform vt.& vi.表演；履行；执行
[高考佳句] When they discovered that Black Wednesday
were going to perform at our local theatre, they all bought
tickets for the performance.(2011·山东高考完形填空)
当他们得知Black Wednesday乐队要在当地的剧院演出时，
为了看演出他们都买了票。 (1)perform the role of 扮演……角色
perform a ... role in 在……中起……作用
perform an operation 进行手术
perform one's duty/promise 尽责任/履行承诺
(2)performance n. 执行；表演；履行
put on/give a performance 表演
(3)performer n. 执行者；表演者
①Once performed, the works of Beethoven must attract all the
people present at the concert.
一旦演出，贝多芬的作品一定会吸引所有出席音乐会的人。
②As everyone knows, she in our
organization.
大家都知道，她在我们的组织中发挥着重要的作用。
performs an important role [链接高考]
(2012·浙江高考)Your_____________ as a student will be
excellent if you develop a habit of reflecting on how you learn.
A．operation B．growth
C．performance D．character
解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：作为学生，如果你养成对自
己的学习方法进行反思的习惯，你的表现将会非常出色。
performance“表现”。operation“手术；操作”；growth“成长”
；character“个性”。根据句意可知选C项。
答案：C 5．sensitive adj.敏感的；灵敏的；容易生气的
[教材原句] At last feeling very upset and sensitive，
Freddy and his band realized that they must leave the
country before it became too painful for them.
终于由于深感苦恼，神经高度紧张，弗雷迪和他的乐队
意识到，他们必须在自己感到太痛苦之前离开这个国家。
be sensitive to 对……敏感
be sensitive about 介意……；在乎……①There's no doubt that the consumers are still very sensitive
to the price.
毫无疑问，消费者仍对价格十分敏感。
②She her appearance.
她对外表很在乎。
is very sensitive about [单词对点集训]
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．After months of unemployment all he asked for was a chance to
(挣；赚得) his bread.
2．She (假装) that she likes them so that she can get their
help.
3．He was (自信的) that he would be admitted to the
famous university.
4．Who will take over the company is a very (敏感的) issue.
5．The price they offered was very (有吸引力的) and
that was why we decided to buy the car.
6．Walking is a good (形式) of exercise for both the young
and the old.
pretends
confident
sensitive
attractive
earn
form Ⅱ.单项填空
1．Compared with his sister, Jerry is even more_____________
to, and more easily troubled by, emotional and relationship
problems.
A．sceptical B．addicted
C．available D．sensitive
解析：句意：杰里和他的妹妹相比，对于情感和人际关系
方面的问题更敏感，更容易被困扰。sceptical“怀疑的”；
addicted“沉迷的”；available“(指物)可用的或可得到的；
(指人)可会见的；有空的”；sensitive“敏感的；灵敏的；易
受伤害的”。
答案：D 答案：D
2．Everyone's attention was drawn to the eightyearold girl
who was_____________ the piano perfectly.
A．acting B．behaving
C．doing D．performing
解析：句意：大家的注意力都集中在那个钢琴弹得很好
的八岁女孩的身上。perform“表演”，符合句意。 3．The detective,_____________ to be reading a newspaper,
glanced at the man seated next to a woman.
A．pretending B．expecting
C．wanting D．intending
解析：句意：这个侦探一边看着坐在一个妇女旁边的那个
男的，一边假装在看报。pretend to be doing ...“假装正在做
某事”，所以选A。
答案：A4．You'd sound a lot more polite if you make a request
_____________ a question.
A．in search of B．in the form of
C．in need of D．in the direction of
解析：考查介词短语辨析。句意：如果以提问的形式来表
达自己的请求，这样听起来更有礼貌。in the form of“以
……的形式”，符合句意。in search of“寻找”；in need of“
需求”；in the direction of“往……的方向”。
答案：B答案：D
5．Miss White sent her friend an email yesterday with
several of her photos on the Great Wall______ to it.
A．attended B．attracted
C．attacked D．attached
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：怀特女士昨天给朋友
发了一封邮件，随之附上了她在长城拍的一些照片。
attach ... to ...“把……附上……”，此处为过去分词短
语在with结构中作宾语补足语。attend“出席”；attract“
吸引”；attack“攻击”。1．rely on依靠；依赖；指望
[教材原句] As some of these actors could not sing
well enough, they had to rely on other musicians to
help them.
由于一些演员唱得不够好，他们只好依靠别的乐手来
帮助他们。
rely on sb.to do sth. 指望/相信某人会做某事
rely on (doing) sth. 依赖/信任/指望……
rely on it that ... 相信……；指望……①These days, we rely heavily on computers to organize our
work.
现在，我们在很大程度上依赖电脑来组织安排我们的工作。
②The success of this project relies on everyone making an
effort.
本项目的成功有赖于诸位一起努力。
③You may that he will come to meet you.
你放心好了，他会来见你的。
rely on it[联想归纳]
试写出rely on的同义短语。
________________________________
2．break up打碎；分裂；解体；驱散；分手；结束；放假
[教材原句] The band broke up about 1970, but happily
they reunited in the mid1980s.
乐队在1970年左右解体了，但令人高兴的是，他们在80
年代中期又重组起来了。
depend on/upon; count on/upon等。[一词多义]
写出下列句中break up的含义
①The space shuttle Challenger broke up in the air. _____
②The meeting didn't break up until deep at night. _____
③Did you know that Kate broke up with her boyfriend?
_____
④The police came running and broke up the crowd. _____
⑤When does the school break up for the summer holidays？
______
解体
结束
分手
驱散
放假break down 出故障；失败；垮掉；垮下来；分解
break in 破门而入；打断(谈话等)
break into 强行闯入；突然……起来
break out (战争、火灾等)爆发；发生(无被动语态)
break away from 脱离；挣脱
⑥The computer system broke down suddenly while he was
searching for information on the Internet.
当他在电脑上查找信息时，电脑系统突然出故障了。
⑦After a fire in the lab, a lot of equipment was
damaged.
实验室发生火灾后，很多设备被毁。
broke out3．above all 最重要；首先
[经典例句] Above all, make sure you keep in touch.
(牛津P4)
最要紧的是你们一定要保持联系。
after all 毕竟；终究
all in all 整体说来；总而言之
in all 全部；合计
at all (否定句)一点也不；(疑问句)到底；究竟①After all, I was a teenage girl, and I couldn't bear people
to look at me and think I was not like them.(2012·广东高
考阅读C)
毕竟，我是个十几岁的少女，我受不了人们看我一眼就认
为我和他们不一样。
② , the government‘s policy which is intended
to control the high housing price seems to work.
总的说来，政府旨在抑制高房价的政策似乎起效果了。
All in all[链接高考]
(2011·安徽高考)To be great, you must be smart, confident,
and,_____________ ， honest.
A．therefore B．above all
C．however D．after all
解析：考查副词词义辨析。句意：想要优秀，你必须聪明、
自信，更重要的是诚实。above all“首先；最重要的是”，
符合句意。therefore“因此”；however“然而”；after all“
毕竟”。
答案：B [短语对点集训]
Ⅰ.完成句子
1． (说实话), it doesn't make any sense to rent such
an expensive house.
2．We all (熟悉这个杂志); we
like its content and style.
3．If you want to make progress in your study, __________________
(最重要的是，你必须严格要求自己)．
4．Her friends (总是开她的玩笑),
which sometimes makes her angry.
5．Not having been here for a long time, I ______________________
(只能依靠朋友来找一份工作)．
To be honest
are familiar with the magazine
above all, you must
are always playing jokes on her
have to rely on my friends
be strict with yourself
to help me find a job Ⅱ.单项填空
1．While advertisements are of great help, I don't think we
should entirely_____________ them.
A．insist on B．rely on
C．keep on D．catch on
解析：考查动词短语辨析。句意：尽管广告很有用，但我
认为我们不应该完全依赖广告。rely on“依赖；依靠”，符
合句意。insist on“坚持”；keep on“坚持”；catch on“理解”。
答案：B2．—Can you tell me how to succeed in an interview?
—Well, you should be polite and have some experience in
the job._____________ ， you should have confidence.
A．Above all B．At last
C．After all D．In a word
解析：考查短语辨析。句意：“你能告诉我面试如何取得成
功吗？”“你应该有礼貌，有工作经验，尤其重要的是你应
该有自信心。”above all“尤其是；最重要的是”；at last“最
后”；after all“毕竟；终究”；in a word“总之”。
答案：A 3．(2012·江西高考)He seems to be giving the impression that
he didn't enjoy himself in Paris._____________， he had a
wonderful time.
A．Above all B．What's more
C．As a result D．On the contrary
解析：考查关联词辨析。从前后不一致的说法可以得知中
间用表示相反意思的关联词。A项表示“最重要的是”；B项
表示“而且”；C项表示“结果”；D项表示“正相反”。
答案：D 1．The musicians were to play jokes on each other as well as
play music, most of which was based loosely on the Beatles.
组成乐队的音乐人演奏音乐，还彼此打趣逗乐。这些玩笑
和音乐大多都在模仿“甲壳虫”乐队。
most of which是“名词/代词＋介词＋关系代词”结构引导的
定语从句。
①Here are some problems put up at the meeting, most of
which are about education and health.
会议上提出了一些问题，大部分都是关于教育和医疗的。此类结构常见的有：
(1)some/several/a few/a little/many/more/most ...＋of
which/whom
(2)the＋n.＋of which
②China has thousands of islands, the second largest of which is Hainan
Island.
中国有数千个岛屿，其中第二大岛是海南岛。
③She showed the visitors around the museum, the construction of which
had taken more than three years.
她带领参观者参观了博物馆，建造它花了三年多的时间。
[名师指津] the＋n.＋of＋which结构一般可以与whose＋n.互换。
④I bought an iPhone 5 last week, (＝ whose price)
was very reasonable.
上周我买了一部iPhone 5手机，它的价钱很合理。
the price of which2．Freddy and his band could not go out anywhere without
being followed.
弗雷迪和他的乐队无论走到哪里都会有人跟随。
not ...without ...意为“没有……就不能……”。这是一种双
重否定句式，表示肯定意义。
①You can't leave the country without a passport.
没有护照你就不能离开这个国家。(1)常见的双重否定结构还有：
no (never) ...without ...没有……不……；除……
不……
(2)常见的用否定形式表示肯定意义的结构有：
cannot ...too ... 越……越……；无论怎样……
也不为过
cannot wait to do sth. 急于做某事
cannot help doing sth. 禁不住/忍不住做某事 ②Without water there would be no life.
没有水就没有生命。
③The two can never talk .
这两个人谈话没有不笑的时候。
④You can't be too careful while driving the car.
你开车时再怎么小心也不为过。
without laughingthe walls of which
some of which/of which some
[句型对点集训]
Ⅰ.句型转换
1．Mother bought many tomatoes from the market two days
ago. Some have gone bad due to the bad weather.
→Mother bought many tomatoes from the market two days
ago, have gone bad due
to the bad weather.
2．The newlybuilt cafe, whose walls are painted light green, is
really a peaceful place for us, especially after hard work.
→The newlybuilt cafe, are painted light
green, is really a peaceful place for us, especially after hard
work.Ⅱ.用双重否定句式完成句子
1．尽管他们是很好的朋友，但一见面就吵架。
Although they are very good friends, they ___________
.
2．如果没有你的帮助，我就不可能取得如此大的进步。
I so much progress your help.
never meet
without quarrelling
couldn't have made without答案：A
Ⅱ.单项填空
1．(2013·北京市重点中学月考)—No wonder you caught a
cold.You_____________out last night without a coat.
—I know how silly I was.
A．shouldn't have gone B．mustn't have gone
C．couldn't have gone D．mightn't have gone
解析：考查虚拟语气。句意：“难怪你感冒了。昨晚你不
该不穿大衣出去。”“我知道我是多么愚蠢了。”A项意为
“本来不应该”；B项为不当用法；C项意为“本来不可能”
；D项意为“本来或许”。答案：B
2．(2013·西安第二次质量检测)The old man has two sons,
both of_____________work as doctors, which makes him
very proud.
A．which B．whom
C．them D．who
解析：考查定语从句。句意：老人有两个儿子，他们都是
医生，这让他非常自豪。“both of whom work as doctors”
是定语从句，修饰先行词sons, whom在从句中作介词of的
宾语。答案：D
介词＋关系词引导的定语从句
1．(2013·桐乡模拟)There are species living in the depths of
the oceans_____________ we still know little.
A．for which B．in which
C．of what D．of which
解析：这里表达的是“对……一无所知”，所以用短语
know little of ...，而且所选连词在介词of后作其宾语，
所以用关系代词which，答案选D。答案：D
2．(2012·南阳期末)The professor built a glass wall
_____________ he could observe what was going on
inside.
A．in which B．where
C．from which D．through which
解析：句意：教授建了一面玻璃墙，透过这堵墙他能够
观察到里面正在进行的一切。表示“透过玻璃墙”介词应
该用through，而且介词后的关系词应代替指物的先行词
a glass wall, 所以用关系代词which。答案：B
3．(2012·郑州市第47中学高三期中考试)Recently some
Japanese have been trying to make conflicts with
China,_____________ effects we are greatly concerned.
A．to whose B．about whose
C．to which D．about which
解析：句意：最近一些日本人一直设法与中国制造矛盾，
我们十分关注所产生的影响。be concerned about“关心；
挂念”，whose在从句中作定语修饰effects，同时whose
effects又作about的宾语，介词about 前置，故选B。答案：A
4．(2012·聊城五校联考)They have started an
investigation,_____________ are being kept secret.
A．the details of which B．of which the detail
C．whose the details D．the detail of it
解析：句意：他们开始了一项调查，细节被保密。the details
of which相当于whose details，表示“……的细节”。答案：D
5．(2013·九江一模)In our city there are several big public
parks_____________ many people can go to enjoy the
beautiful scenery.
A．in which B．at which
C．from which D．to which
解析：句意：在我们的城市里有好几个大的公园，许多人
去那里欣赏美景。本句中先行词是several big public parks
，短语go to the parks中的介词to 提前，用“介词to＋
which”结构。
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