Unit 4 Wildlife protection1．wild adj.野生的；野的；未开发的；荒凉的
n．减少；减2．decrease vi.& vt.减少；(使)变小；或变少
小；减少量
3．hunt vt.& vi.打猎；猎取；搜寻
4．certain adj.确定的；某一；一定
5．contain vt.包含；容纳；容忍
6．affect vt.影响；感动；侵袭；作用7．appreciate vt.鉴赏；感激；意识到
8．succeed vi.成功 vt.接替；继任
9．income n．收入
10．employ vt.雇用；利用(时间、精力等)
11．harm n．& vt.损害；危害
12．bite vt.& vi.(bit, bitten)咬；叮；刺痛
13．incident n．事件；事变n．减少，减1．decrease vi.& vt.减少；(使)变小；或变少
小；减少量(反义词：increase)
例句 His interest in music gradually decreases.
他对音乐的兴趣逐渐减退。
They are making efforts to decrease the expense of their family.
他们正在努力减少家庭开支。
There has been a steady decrease in the birth rate in this city.这
个城市的出生率在持续下降。
搭配 decrease by...下降了(强调幅度)
decrease to...下降到(强调结果)辨析 decrease/reduce
decrease 强调数目减少；reduce 则表示尺寸、数量、程度
或强度减少，也可以表示地位、处境、状况降低或恶化。
运用 完成句子
(1)参加英语口语测试的人数减少了 10%。
The number of students who took part in the oral English test
_________________.
(2)最近几年，这个镇的人口减少到 10 万。
In recent years, the population in this town______________
________.
(3)我们要逐步缩小工资差距。
We must gradually______the wage gap.
decreased by 10%
has decreased to
100,000
reduce2．hunt vt.& vi.打猎；猎取；搜寻
例句 It is illegal to hunt rare animals.
捕猎珍稀动物是违法的。
We'll go hunting in the afternoon.
我们下午将出去打猎。
搭配 hunt for 搜索；试图找到
hunt after 探求；追求
hunt sth./sb.down 捕获某人/物
hunt sth./sb.out 找出某人/物运用 完成句子
(1)警察追捕到了一名罪犯。
The police ____________a criminal.
(2)约翰那天外出找工作了。
John went out to _______work that day.
(3)他从储藏室里找出一本旧日记。
He __________an old diary from the storage.
hunted down
hunt for
hunted out3．contain vt.包含；容纳；容忍
例句 Most fruits contain water and sugar.
大多数的水果含有水和糖分。
The meeting hall can contain 200 people.
这个会议室能容纳 200 人。
辨析 contain/include
(1)contain 意为“包含；容纳”，指某物被容纳在比它范围
更大的东西之内，侧重所含的量与成分。
(2)include 意为“包括”，侧重被包含者只是其中的一部分。运用 完成句子
(1)这本书包含了你所需要的全部信息。
This book ________________________you need.
(2)这个瓶子可容纳多少粒药片？
How many tablets can the bottle________?
(3)这个价钱包括邮资在内。
The price_______ postage charge.
contains all the information
contain
includes4．affect vt.影响；感动；侵袭；作用
例句 Her deeds affected the whole world.
她的事迹感动了全世界。
One's experiences will affect his outlook on life.
一个人的经历会影响他的人生观。
派生
搭配
effect n．结果；影响；效力
be affected by 受……影响/被……感动
have an effect upon/on 对……有影响/有效力
运用 完成句子
(1)这对孩子的将来影响很大。
It _________________the future of the child.
(2)所有的观众都被这场电影感动了。
All the audience______________ the movie.
had a great effect on
were affected by5．appreciate vt.鉴赏；感激；意识到
例句 Her talent for music was not appreciated.
她的音乐才能无人赏识。
派生
搭配
appreciation n．欣赏；感激
appreciate doing sth.感激做某事
I would appreciate it if...如果……我将会很感激
运用 完成句子
(1)那是因为你不会欣赏音乐。
That's because you are not able to________________.
(2)如果你能帮我做这件事，我将十分感激。
____________________________you would help me with it.
appreciate music
I would appreciate it very much if用本单元所学单词及用法完成下列句子
1．他们的狗将门咬了一个洞。
Their dog ___a hole in the door.
2．十一月正是猎鹿的好时节。
November is a good time to ____ deer.
3．一些野生动物处于危险中，因此有必要保护它们。
Some ____animals are in danger, so it is necessary to protect
them.
4．他每月的收入刚刚超过 2000 元。
His monthly _______was just over 2,000 yuan.
bit
hunt
wild
income5．他成功地得到了那份工作。
He__________ in getting the job.
6．这起事件正在被调查。
The ________is being investigated.
7．水中含有氧气。
Water ________ oxygen.
8．这个城市烟民的数量在持续下降。
There has been a steady ________ in the number of smokers in
this city.
9．我很欣赏他对工作的极端专注。
I really _________ his complete absorption in his work.
10．情绪会影响工作。
Mood can______ work.
succeeded
incident
contains
decrease
appreciate
affect1．die out 灭亡；逐渐消失
2．burst into laughter 突然笑起来；大声笑了出来
3．protect...from/against 保护……不受……(危害)
4．pay attention to 注意
5．come into being 形成；产生1．die out 灭亡；逐渐消失
例句 Many old customs are gradually dying out.
许多旧习俗都在逐渐消失。
拓展 die of 死于(疾病、饥寒、情感、年老等)
die from 死于(除疾病、饥寒、情感、年老等以外的其他原
因)
die down 暗淡；平静下来；减弱
die off 一个个死去；相继灭亡
be dying for/to do sth.渴望(做)某事运用 用 die 相关短语的适当形式填空
(1)The baby ________fever.
(2)He _________ a chest wound.
(3)The sound of the car __________ in the distance.
(4)This kind of animal has _________ in the world.
(5)The deer in the forest are all________ for lack of water.
(6)I'm_________ something to eat.
died of
died from
died down
died out
dying off
dying for2．burst into laughter 突然笑起来；大声笑了出来
例句 All the classmates burst into laughter when they heard
the joke.听到那个笑话时，全班同学都捧腹大笑。
拓展 burst into tears/flames 突然哭起来/着火
burst out laughing/crying 突然大笑/哭起来
burst into some place 闯入某地运用 完成句子
(1)我的英语老师的幽默足可以让每个学生捧腹大笑。
My English teacher is so humourous as to make every student
______________________________.
(2)我们又继续了 10 分钟，直到女儿突然哭起来，并承认她
被打败了。
We continued for another ten minutes, until suddenly my
daughter__________________________, and admitted that she was
beaten.
burst into laughter/burst out laughing
burst into tears/burst out crying3．protect...from/against 保护……不受……(危害)
例句 Every parent should protect their children from being
hurt.每个父母都应保护自己的小孩不受伤害。
运用 完成句子
大树长出很多树叶，所以它们提供树荫保护我们免受阳光
照射。
Trees produce many leaves, so they provide shade to _________
___________.
protect us
from the sun4．pay attention to 注意
例句 You must pay attention to what your teacher says in the
class.上课的时候你必须专心听老师讲课。
拓展 to 为介词的常用搭配有：
look forward to 期待
be related to 与……有关
be addicted to 沉溺于
get down to 着手做
make a contribution to 对……作出贡献
refer to 参考；查阅；涉及运用 完成句子
(1)当比较不同文化的时候，我们经常只是注意不同点，而
没有注意许多相似的地方。
When comparing different cultures, we often only ___
__________the differences without noticing the similarities.
(2)我熟悉他的作品，并期待他能就文艺创作问题发表自己
的见解。
I am familiar with his works and ________________hearing
his view on literary and artistic creation.
(3)当你不知道怎么拼写一个单词时，查阅一下词典。
________the dictionary when you don't know how to spell a
word.
pay
attention to
looking forward to
Refer to5．come into being 形成；产生
例句 I am still confused on how the black holes come into
being.我还是弄不清黑洞是怎么形成的。
拓展 come into effect 实施；生效
come into use 投入使用
come into power 上台执政
运用 用 come 相关短语的适当形式填空
(1)When did the world_____________?
(2)The new seat belt regulations ______________last week.
(3)When did this machine____________?
come into being
came into effect
come into use用本单元所学短语及用法完成下列句子
1．罗马帝国是什么时候形成的？
When did the Roman Empire_______________?
2．我会给你所有的事实以便你可以自己判断。
I will give you all the facts ______you can judge for yourself.
3．请按照说明将表填好。
Please fill up the form ____________the instructions.
4．所有的村民都和睦相处。
All the villagers live together_________.
come into being
so that
according to
in peace5．随身带一顶帽子，你需要保护你的头发不被太阳晒伤。
Take a cap with you.You need to _______your hair____________
the burning sun.
6．许多动物物种正处在濒临灭绝的危险中。
Many species of animals_______________________.
7．希望你对此问题给予关注。
I hope you will ______________this problem.
8．我们正在严肃认真地谈论问题，他们却突然大笑起来。
They _________________________________ when we were
talking seriously about the matter.
protect from/against
are in danger of dying out
pay attention to
burst into laughter/burst out laughing原句 1 They lived on the earth tens of millions of years ago,
long before humans came into being and their future seemed secure
at that time.早在人类产生之前，它们就在地球上生活了几千万
年，而且在当时它们的未来似乎是安全可靠的。
精讲 long before 在 本 句 中 引 导 时 间 状 语 从 句 。 意 为
“在……的很久以前；在还没有……的很久以前”。此外，long
before 还可以单独作状语，意为“老早；早就”。精练 根据中文提示，完成下列句子
(1)在他还没有结婚以前他就在这家工厂工作很久了。
He had worked in this factory ___________he got married.
(2)我们早就看过那部电影了。
We've seen that film____________.
原句 2 We're being killed for the wool beneath our stomachs.
我们因为肚皮下的羊毛而被捕杀。
精讲 “am/is/are＋being＋过去分词”是现在进行时的被
动语态；而“was/were＋being＋过去分词”是过去进行时的被
动语态。
long before
long before精练 根据中文提示，完成下列句子
(1)那座桥正在修建。
The bridge____________.
(2)那时汤姆在为我修自行车。
My bike ________________by Tom at that time.
is being built
was being repaired运用所学语言基础知识，补充完整下面短文，并背诵之
We should (1)________________ ( 关 注 ) the problem of the
protection of wildlife, because at present they are (2) _________( 濒
临灭绝) or (3)_________ ( 处于危险之中) ．On one hand, people
(4) ____( 捕杀 ) animals for food or for the thick furs.On the other
hand, people can not (5)___________________( 与 …… 相 处 好 )
wildlife which they think are fierce and may attack them to death,
which will endanger the wildlife.
In order to (6)_______ the wildlife (7)_______________ ( 保
护 …… 不 至 于 灭 绝 ), it is necessary to set up wildlife
reserves.(8)____________ ( 只要) the above measures are effective,
the species will develop gradually and safely.
pay attention to
dying out
in danger
hunt
get along/on well with
protect from extinction
As/So long as 听说考试“模仿朗读”备考指导(五)
5．语调
英语中的基本语调有：升调(↗)，降调(↘)，升降调(∧)，
降升调(∨)和平调(→)。其用法为：
(1)升调：主要用于一般疑问句，带有疑问语气；也可用于
祈使句，表示委婉、客气；或用于陈述句，表示疑问、不肯定
或不耐烦等。如：Can you come to us for lunch？↗
你能来和我们一起吃午饭吗？
You know her？↗你认识她？
So long！↗太长了！
(2)降调：主要用于陈述句、特殊疑问句、祈使句(表命令)
和感叹句。如：
The birds are singing in the trees.↘鸟儿正在树上歌唱。
When shall I give you the book？↘
我什么时候要把书给你？
Leave the book on the desk.↘把书放在桌子上。
What a beautiful picture！↘多美的画啊！(3)前升后降调：主要用于：
①选择疑问句。如：
Which do you prefer, tea↗ or coffee? ↘
你更喜欢喝哪一种，茶还是咖啡？
②以状语或状语从句开头的句子。如：
In my opinion，↗he is perfectly right.↘
依我看，他完全正确。
③计数或列举。如：
One，↗two, ↗three↗ and four.↘一，二，三，四。
I want a pen，↗ a ruler ↗and some paper.↘
我需要一枝笔、一把尺子和几张纸。注意：and 连接的几个并列的词或短语， and 前面的都读
升调，其后的读降调。
(4)前降后升调：主要用于带有疑问语气的反意疑问句。如：
You haven't finished it，↘have you？↗
你还没完成，是吗？
如果反意疑问句中的疑问成分很少，则全部用降调。如：
It's a nice day, ↘isn't it？↘天气真好，不是吗？
(5)平调：指说话声调维持在同一个高度，而无升降。如何丰富句子的表达
大多数考生写英语作文时，往往不注意语句表达形式的多
样化，句子千篇一律，缺乏生气。这里列举一些简单可行的方
法，以帮助考生丰富句子表达，提高英文写作水平。
1．改变句子长度
初学写作的人容易堆砌简单的短句，读起来单调乏味。如
果改变句子长度，做到短句、中长句、长句兼而有之，情况就
大不一样了。如：①There is one positive result of the rising crime.②This has
been the growth of neighbourhood crime prevention
programs.③These programs really work.④They teach citizens to
patrol their neighbourhoods.⑤They teach citizens to work with the
police.⑥They have dramatically reduced crime in cities and towns
across the country.⑦The idea is catching on.
文段中 7 个句子都是短句，十分单调。现在我们对句子长
度做些调整：
①One positive result of the rising crime rate has been the
growth of neighbourhood crime prevention programs.②Theseprograms really work.③By teaching citizens to patrol their
neighbourhoods and work with the police, they have dramatically
reduced crime in cities and towns across the country.④The idea is
catching on.
修改后的这段文字，有短句②和④，有中长句①，也有长
句③，不仅避免了句子单调化，还使长句更说明问题，短句也
更显力度。
2．将若干简单句合并为一个简单句
为避免堆砌简单短句，可把原若干简单句合并成只带一个
共同主语的简单句。(1)使用并列谓语
He put on his coat.He picked his hat and umbrella.Then he
hurried from the house.变为：
He put on his coat, picked his hat and umbrella, and hurried
from the house.
他穿上外套，拿起帽子和雨伞就急匆匆地从家出去了。
(2)使用分语短语
Judith is alarmed by the increase in meat price.She has become
a vegetarian.变为：
Alarmed by the increase in meat price, Judith has become a
vegetarian.因担心肉价上涨，朱迪思已开始吃素食。(3)使用同位语
She was the mayor of the town.She was an amiable person.She
invited the four students into her office.变为：
The mayor of the town, an amiable person, invited the four
students to her office.
镇长是一位和蔼的人，她邀请了四名学生到她的办公室。
(4)使用短语
英语中的短语十分丰富，选择面极宽。选用适当的短语把
几个简单句合并起来，是增加句子灵活性的一条捷径。如：
The streets are icy.We could not drive the car.变为：
Because of the icy streets, we could not drive the car.
由于路面结冰，我们不能开车。(5)善于使用连接词
有的考生写复杂句时，动辄用 so, and, but, or, then, however,
yet 等，非但达不到丰富表达方式的目的，反而会使句子结构松
散、刻板。如：
The Mississippi River is one of the longest rivers in the world,
and in spring often overflows its banks, and the lives of many
people are endangered.
and 把 3 个分句一贯到底，既乏味又可笑。因此，应慎用上
述并列连词、副词等。如果可能，不妨多用一些表示从属关系的连接词，如 who, which, that; because, since; after, as, before,
when, whenever; if, unless; as if 等。如上例可改为：
The Mississippi River, which is one of the longest rivers in the
world, often overflows its banks in spring, endangering the lives of
many people.
密西西比河是世界上最长的河流之一，在春季时河水经常
会泛滥，严重危及两岸人民的生活。3．打破传统的主谓结构
主谓结构的句子写多了，偶尔用几个词或短语恰到好处地
插入主谓之间，或将主谓倒置，可以为句子表达增添几分新意。
如：
Her ability to listen is an acquired skill that attracts many
friends.变为：
Her ability to listen, an acquired skill, attracts many friends.她
所具备的善于聆听的特质吸引了很多朋友。
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