2021高考英语第一轮复习考点考法精练：动词的时态、语态和主谓一致（新高考Word版含解析）

- 1 - 第二部分　语法知识贯通 专题一　动词的时态、语态和主谓一致 题组 1 限时模拟 1.[2020 北京朝阳区期末,8]Some people believe junk food, such as candy, cookies, and potato chips, 　　　　 (taste) good, but it’s not good for the human body. 2.[2020 广东六校联考,61]In the early period of the 17th century, Chinese tea 　　　　(export) to Europe. 3.[2020 湖北八校第一次联考,62]Children younger than 12 　　　　(allow) only to play the game for a maximum of one hour a day, and after 9 pm, they would be banned from logging on(登录),said Tencent. 4.[2020 河北石家庄重点高中毕业班摸底考试,61]Translated fiction sales in the United Kingdom　　　　 (rise) by 5.5 percent last year, with growing demand for Chinese titles, said Nielsen Book on Wednesday. 5.[2020 江西南昌重点中学高三段考,62]Power walking offers many benefits. Walking at a quick pace of 4 mph 　　　　(burn) around 300 calories per hour. 6.[2020 河南洛阳第一次联考,67]In recent years, the demand for goji has been rising and we 　　　　 (see)increasing numbers of buyers from overseas. 7.[2020 广东惠州高三第二次调研,61]I recently heard a story about a famous scientist.When he 　　　　 (ask)why he was able to succeed,he gave his answer. 8.[2020 江苏扬州期中调研,33]Now China 　　　　(push) for a larger role in global economic policy-making. 9.[2020 考试,46]Since he became director of the Palace Museum, Shan Jixiang 　　　　 (bring) many changes to the world’s largest royal complex (建筑群). 10.[2020 河南八市重点高中联考,41]For thousands of years, doctors 　　　　(recognize) that childbirth can have a big effect on a woman’s mind and body. 11.[2020 北京海淀区期末,1]The first time I saw May, she 　　　　(sit) in my front yard, hugging my dog Harley. 12.[2020 黑龙江大庆高三第一次联考,41]"Living within 300 metres of green space 　　　　(associate) with a sense of worth, greater happiness and life satisfaction," says a new study. 13.[2020 高三阶段性检测,43]This was the first time George 　　　　(feel) accepted by the people around him. 14.[2019 河北唐山高三模拟,70]The variety of hats in Britain　　　　(reflect) its multicultural background and rich cultural heritage. 15.[2019 湖北部分重点高中高三考试,65]Those companies could pay a fine when those chips　　　　 (ship)back into the country. 16.[2019 河北高三检测,50]I’m sure once you try it, you 　　　　(agree). 17.[2019 山西吕梁高三段考,45]Driving too close and braking (刹车) hard　　　　(be) the biggest causes of road rage. 题组 2 精选真题　　　　　　　 1.[2019 全国Ⅱ,64]Picking up her "Lifetime Achievement" award, proud Irene 　　　　(declare) she had no plans...Irene said... - 2 - 2.[2019 浙江 6 月,62]One study in America found that students’ grades 　　　　(improve) a little after the school introduced uniforms. 3.[2019 北京,1]On the first day of my first grade...I 　　　　(voice) my biggest concern to my mother, "How will I make friends?" 4.[2019 江苏,29]A few months after he had arrived in China, Mr. Smith　　　　(fall)in love with the people and culture there. 5.[2019 江苏,22]The musician along with his band members　　　　(give)ten performances in the last three months. 6.[2019 全国Ⅲ,69]On the last day of our week-long stay, we 　　　　(invite) to attend a private concert... 7.[2019 天津,8]Amy, as well as her brothers, 　　　　(give)a warm welcome when returning to the village last week. 8.[2018 全国Ⅰ,64]While running regularly can’t make you live forever, the review says it 　　　　(be) more effective at lengthening life... 9.[2018 全国Ⅱ,61]Since 2011, the country 　　　　(grow) more corn than rice. 10.[2018 江苏,31]Hopefully in 2025 we will no longer be e-mailing each other, for we　　　　 (develop)more convenient electronic communication tools by then. 11.[2018 北京,9]A rescue worker risked his life saving two tourists who 　　　　(trap) in the mountains for two days. 12.[2018 天津,13]My washing machine　　　　(repair)this week, so I have to wash my clothes by hand. 13.[2018 浙江 6 月,60]...and I 　　　　(shock) when I learnt she hadn’t cooked once in all that time. 14.[2017 甲卷(全国Ⅱ),68]Later, engineers 　　　　(manage) to construct railways in a system of deep tunnels (隧道), which became known as the Tube. 15.[2017 丙卷(全国Ⅲ),69]My dad thinks I should take the offer now. But at the moment, school 　　　　 (come) first. 16.[2017 浙江 6 月,62]Pahlsson and her husband 　　　　(search) the kitchen, checking every corner,but turned up nothing. 17.[2017 北京,33]People have better access to health care than they used to, and they 　　　(live) longer now as a result. 18.[2017 乙卷(全国Ⅰ),64]When fat and salt 　　　　(remove) from food, the food tastes as if it is missing something. 19.[2017 甲卷(全国Ⅱ),65]Steam engines 　　　　(use) to pull the carriages... 20.[2017 江苏,27]He hurried home, never once looking back to see if he　　　　(follow). 21.[2017 天津,6]Nowadays, cycling, along with jogging and swimming, 　　　　(regard) as one of the best all-round forms of exercise. 22.[2017 江苏,24]The publication of Great Expectations, which 　　　　(be) both widely reviewed and highly praised, strengthened Dickens’ status as a leading novelist. 23.[2016 浙江 6 月,9]Silk 　　　　(become) one of the primary goods traded along the Silk Road by about 100 BC. 24.[2016 北京,30]The students have been working hard on their lessons and their efforts 　　　　 (reward) with success in the end. 25.[2016 丙卷(全国Ⅲ),62]Truly elegant chopsticks might　　　　(make) of gold and silver with Chinese characters. 26.[2016 甲卷(全国Ⅱ),63]If you feel stressed by responsibilities at work, you should take a step back...Leaving the less important things until tomorrow 　　　　(be) often acceptable. - 3 - 27.[2016 丙卷(全国Ⅲ),69]Confucius believed knives would remind people of killings and 　　　　(be) too violent for use at the table. 28.[2015 天津,6]Jane can’t attend the meeting at 3 o’clock this afternoon because she 　　　　(teach) a class at that time. 29.[2015 湖南,28]He must have sensed that I 　　　　(look)at him. He suddenly glanced at me and said quietly, "Why are you staring at me like that?" 30.[2015 湖南,22]As you go through this book, you 　　　　(find)that each of the millions of people who lived through World War Ⅱ had a different experience. A 专项语篇型填空(动词的时态、语态和主谓一致) 　　There 　1　(be) a new modern art exhibition downtown for the last three days, which 　2　(close) this coming Sunday. Having got two tickets for it, I 　3　(consider) inviting my friend Tony to go along with me. I know that he 　4　(finish) his paper by Sunday and can afford the time. He once 　5　(tell) me that he liked modern art, so I think he will be interested in this exhibition. Just this morning, when I entered my office, my colleagues 　6　(talk) about it, and some of them said they 　7　(go) to see it already. The exhibition 　8　(hold) in ten more big cities in America after it goes to San Francisco next week. I’ve just called Tony and he has agreed to go with me, saying that he 　9　(look) forward to going to an exhibition for months. I will call for him this Sunday. I’ll go home for lunch now, as I 　10　(starve). B 语法填空 　　[2020 湖北黄冈高三检测]Honeybee populations in the United States 　1　(decrease) dramatically over the decades. And a new study suggests that a certain kind of pesticide could be making things 　 2　(bad). The number of honeybees hasn’t changed much over the past few years, but the overall picture doesn’t look good for an insect that plays 　3　 important role in our food supply. Scientists don’t know for sure 　4　 this is happening. Pesticides and parasites (寄生虫)are the most suspected reasons, according to a study recently published in a scientific journal. One suggests that neonicotinoids, types of pesticides that 　5　 (use) around the world, are incredibly poisonous to honeybees and other insects. Part of the reason for that is that these pesticides appear 　6　 (stick) around in the environment and stay dangerous for a long period of time. Though they’re deadly to insects, neonicotinoids are not considered dangerous to humans. An ongoing challenge 　7　 farmers is finding ways to keep other insects away while 　8　 (protect)bees. Pesticides may not discriminate the insects they kill, though neonicotinoid makers say the risk to bees is lower when they are used properly. The U.S. Department of Agriculture says it’s 　9　 (likely) that there’s one magic 　10　 (solve) to the problem, but there are a number of organizations trying to help honeybees. - 4 - 题组 1　限时模拟 1.tastes　根据语境可知,此处叙述的是客观情况,应用一般现在时;感官动词 taste 后接形容词作表语,应用主 动形式表示被动含义;且 taste 对应的主语 junk food 为不可数名词,故应用 taste 的第三人称单数形式。 2.was exported　根据时间状语"In the early period of the 17th century"可知,此处应用一般过去时;分析句 子结构可知,export 和 Chinese tea 构成被动关系,故填 was exported。 3.wouldbeallowed　根据语境并分析句子结构可知,allow 是所在分句的谓语,和所在分句的主语构成被动关系; 又根据第二个分句中的"would be banned"可知,此处应用过去将来时,所以填 would be allowed。 4.rose　根据空后的"last year"可知,此处描述的是发生在过去的事情,应用一般过去时,故填 rose。 5.burns　Walking at a quick pace of 4 mph 是动词-ing 短语作主语,谓语动词要用单数形式;本句陈述的是 客观情况,所以用一般现在时,故填 burns。 【知识储备】　单个的动词-ing(短语)、不定式(短语)以及从句作主语时,谓语动词通常用单数。 6.have seen　根据该句中的时间状语"In recent years"并结合题意可知,此处应用现在完成时,且主语为 we,故 填 have seen。 7.was asked　根据该句中的"he gave his answer"可知,他是被别人提问的,应用被动语态;此处叙述的是过去发 生的事,要用一般过去时;且主语为 he, 故填 was asked。 8.is pushing　句意:中国正在争取在全球经济决策中发挥更大作用。由句意及 Now 可知,应用现在进行时,填 is pushing。 9.has brought　句意:自成为故宫博物院院长以来,单霁翔给这个世界上最大的皇家建筑群带来了许多变化。 since 引导的时间状语从句用了一般过去时,对应的主句应用现在完成时,且主语为第三人称单数,故填 has brought。 10.have recognized　根据句意及时间状语 For thousands of years 可知,此处应使用现在完成时,且主语为 doctors,故填 have recognized。 11.was sitting　句意:我第一次见到 May 时,她正坐在我家前院,抱着我的狗 Harley。根据句中的 The first time I saw May 可知,此处叙述的是过去的事情,再根据句意可知,此处描述的是当时正在进行的动作,故应用过去 进行时。 12.is associated　be associated with sth."与……联系在一起"为固定短语,且此处描述客观事实,应用一般 现在时;主语为 Living...space,谓语动词用第三人称单数形式,故填 is associated。 13.had felt　句意:这是乔治第一次感受到被周围的人认可。This was the first time that...句型中,that 从句应使用过去完成时。故填 had felt。 14.reflects　句意:英国帽子种类之多反映了其多元文化背景和丰富的文化遗产。此处叙述的是客观情况,应 用一般现在时;主语部分为"The variety of+可数名词复数",中心词为 variety,谓语动词应用单数形式。 15.are shipped　句意:当那些芯片被运送回国的时候,那些公司可能就要支付罚款。根据句意可知,主句中的情 态动词 could 不是表示过去,而是表示一种语气,因此本空所在的时间状语从句描述的是将来的动作,应用一般 现在时表将来;chips 与 ship 为动宾关系,故此处应用一般现在时的被动语态。 16.will agree　句意:我确信一旦你试过,你就会同意。此处 sure 的宾语为含有时间状语从句的复合句,且遵循 "主将从现"的原则,故此处应用一般将来时。 17.are　句意:开车离得太近和急刹车是公路暴怒的最主要原因。"Driving too close"与"braking (刹车) hard"并列作句子的主语,谓语动词应用复数形式;句子描述的是一般事实,故应用一般现在时。故填 are。 题组 2　精选真题 1.declared　根据"said"可知,此处陈述过去发生的事,应用一般过去时,故填 declared。 2.improved　分析句子结构可知,found 后是 that 引导的宾语从句,且从句中缺少谓语动词,同时,根据主句谓语 动词 found 和宾语从句中的 after the school introduced 可知,此处应用一般过去时,故填 improved。 3.voiced　根据时间状语"On the first day of my first grade"可知,此处叙述的是一年级第一天发生的事,所以 应该用一般过去时。 4.fell　句意:史密斯先生到中国几个月后,爱上了那里的人和文化。这里描述过去发生的事情,应用一般过去时。 注意 fall 为不规则变化动词,过去式为 fell。 5.has given　句意:这位音乐家和他的乐队成员在过去的三个月里进行了 10 场表演。根据时间状语 in the last three months 可知,句子应用现在完成时;along with 连接两个名词作主语时,谓语动词应与 along with 前 的名词在人称和数上保持一致,故填 has given。- 5 - 6.were invited　分析句子结构可知,invite 与主语 we 为动宾关系,且根据时间状语"On the last day of our week-long stay"可知,此处是在叙述过去的情况,故用一般过去时的被动语态。主语为 we,故填 were invited。 7.was given　句意:上周埃米和她的兄弟们回到村庄时受到了热烈的欢迎。根据时间状语 last week 可知,应用 一般过去时;此处表示"受到了热烈的欢迎",应用被动语态;aswellas 连接两个并列成分作主语时,谓语动词应与 as well as 前的成分在人称和数上保持一致,故此处应用单数形式。 8.is　此处是对客观情况的描述,应用一般现在时;分析句子结构可知,says 后的宾语从句缺少谓语动词,又因主 语是 it,故填 is。 9.has grown　由句中的时间状语 Since 2011 可知,此空应用现在完成时。 10.will have developed　句意:2025 年,我们有望不再互相发电子邮件,因为到那时我们将已经开发更加便利的 电子通讯工具。根据句中的时间状语 in 2025 与 by then 可知,空处应用将来完成时。 11.had been trapped　句意:一名救援人员冒着生命危险救出了两名被困在山里两天的游客。分析句子结构可 知,空处在定语从句中作谓语,且 trap 与先行词 tourists 之间为动宾关系,此处应用被动语态;又因为此处表示 在过去动作 risked his life 之前完成的动作,即"过去的过去",所以用过去完成时的被动语态。 12.is being repaired　句意:这个星期我的洗衣机在维修,因此我不得不用手洗衣服。语境表示现阶段正在进 行的动作,而且 washing machine 与 repair 为动宾关系,故此处应用现在进行时的被动语态。 13.was shocked　根据语境可知,此处表示"我很震惊",shock 与主语Ⅰ为被动关系,同时根据后面的 learnt 可 知,时态为一般过去时,所以填 was shocked。 14.managed　因为 engineers 与 manage 之间为主谓关系,而且是发生在过去的事情,所以填 managed。 15.comes　结合上句可知,此处应用一般现在时,且 school 是第三人称单数,故填 comes。 【易错点拨】　动词如果使用一般现在时,要注意主语是不是第三人称单数。此题容易误填 come。 16.searched　结合后面的"turned up"及语境可知,此处应用一般过去时表示发生在过去的动作,故填 searched。 17.areliving　句意:人们现在的医疗保健比过去更便捷,所以现在人们更长寿。根据题干中的时间状语 now 并 结合语境可判断,这里应用现在进行时,叙述当前的情况。 18.are removed　结合句中的"tastes"可知应用一般现在时;fat and salt 是动词 remove 的承受者,应用被动语 态。所以此处填 are removed。 19.were used　结合常识可知,蒸汽机是过去的东西,而且 Steam engines 与 use 之间为被动关系,故用一般过去 时的被动语态。故填 were used。 20.was being followed　句意:他匆匆回家,一次也没有回头看看是否正被跟踪。根据"hurried"及句意可知,本 题应该用过去进行时的被动语态。 【易错点拨】　本题易误填 had been followed,错误的原因是没有弄清楚动作的先后顺序。had been followed 是过去完成时的被动语态,但语境表明,跟踪的动作并未早于主句的动作发生,因此不能填 had been followed。 21.is regarded　句意:如今,与慢跑和游泳一样,骑自行车被看作最好的全面运动形式之一。本句谓语与主语之 间是被动关系,表示"被看作",应该用被动语态;句子主语部分是 A along with B 结构,因此谓语动词应在人称和 数上与 A 保持一致,即用单数形式。再由 Nowadays 可知应用一般现在时,故 is regarded。 22.was　分析句子结构可知,which 指代 Great Expectations 这本书, 故定语从句中的谓语动词应用单数形式; 根据句中的 strengthened 可知,应用一般过去时。故填 was。 23.had become　句意:到大约公元前 100 年,丝绸已经成为丝绸之路上主要的交易商品之一。根据句意及"by about 100 BC"可知,become 的动作发生在过去的过去,故用过去完成时。 24.will be rewarded　句意:学生们一直在努力学习功课,他们的努力最终会获得成功。语境说学生一直在努力 学习(have been working hard),由此可知本空描述的是将来的动作,应该用一般将来时;reward 与 their efforts 之间为动宾关系,因此这里应用一般将来时的被动语态。 25.be made　此处指真正雅致的筷子可能是由金和银做成的。make 与句子主语 Truly elegant chopsticks 之 间是动宾关系,又由空前的"might"可知,此处应填 be made。 26.is　此处是说把不太重要的事情留到明天通常是可以接受的。分析句子结构可知,该句的主语为动名词短语 "Leaving the less important things until tomorrow",故谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式,再结合前面的 "feel stressed"可知,此处叙述的是客观情况,应用一般现在时。故填 is。 27.were　根据句中的"believed"可知,此处应用一般过去时;believed 后的宾语从句的主语为 knives,谓语动 词应用复数。故填 were。 28.will be teaching　句意:今天下午三点简不能出席会议,因为那时她将正在上课。由时间状语"at 3 o’clock this afternoon"和"at that time"可知,空处表示的是将来某个时刻正在进行的动作,故用将来进行时。 29.was looking　句意:他一定感觉到了我正在看着他。他突然瞥了我一眼,轻轻地说:"你为什么那样盯着 我?"must have done 表示对过去事情的肯定推测,that 引导的宾语从句应用过去时态。由句意可知,此处应用过 去进行时。- 6 - 30.will find　句意:当你阅读这本书时,你将会发现经历过第二次世界大战的数百万人中的每个人都有着不同 的经历。"As you go through this book"是时间状语从句,从句用的是一般现在时,主句表示将来的动作,应用一 般将来时。 A 专项语篇型填空(动词的时态、语态和主谓一致) 　　本文讲述了作者准备邀请好友一起去看一个展览的事情。 1.has been　考查现在完成时。句中的时间状语"for the last three days"是现在完成时的标志,故填 has been。 2.will/is going to close; is closing　考查一般将来时或现在进行时表将来。根据时间状语"this coming Sunday"可知这里用一般将来时,或用现在进行时表示将来。 3.am considering　考查现在进行时。从语境看,作者买了票,现在正在考虑邀请托尼去看展览,因此用现在进行 时表示当前正在进行的动作。 4.will have finished　考查将来完成时。句中的时间状语表明这里说的是对持续到将来的某种情况的推测,用 将来完成时。等到星期天的时候,他的论文就已经完成了。 5.told　考查一般过去时。根据句中的状语 once 判断,此处应用一般过去时,表示过去的动作。 6.were talking　考查过去进行时。语境表示"当我进办公室时,我的同事们正在谈论这个展览",应该用过去进 行时表示过去某个时候正在进行的动作。 7.had gone　考查过去完成时。主句使用了一般过去时,此时宾语从句的时态与主句呼应,用过去完成时,表示在 过去某一时刻之前已经发生的动作。 8.will be held　考查一般将来时的被动语态。此处叙述的是将来的事情,应用一般将来时,且主语与 hold 之间 是被动关系,应用一般将来时的被动语态。 9.has been looking　考查现在完成进行时。时间状语 for months 表明这里要用现在完成进行时表示较长时 间里一直在做某事。 10.am starving　考查现在进行时。这里表示作者此时很饿,用现在进行时表示当前正在发生的动作。 B 语法填空 几十年来,美国蜜蜂的数量一直在大幅减少。一项新的研究表明,某种杀虫剂可能会令情况进一步恶化。 1.have decreased/have been decreasing　考查动词的时态和主谓一致。时间状语 over the decades 常与完 成时连用;再结合语境可知,该句应用现在完成时或现在完成进行时;由该句主语 Honeybee populations 可知,谓 语动词应用复数形式,故填 have decreased 或 have been decreasing。 2.worse　考查形容词的比较级。上文提到几十年来,美国蜜蜂的数量一直在大幅减少,此处表示某种杀虫剂可 能会使情况变得更糟。故填 worse。 3.an　考查冠词。play a role in…意为"在……中起作用",role 是可数名词,其定语 important 的发音以元音 音素开头,故填 an。 4.why　考查宾语从句。分析句子结构可知,空处引导宾语从句,作 know 的宾语;根据语境可知,此处表示科学家 不能确定这一情况发生的原因。空处在从句中作原因状语,故填 why。 5.are used　考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知,空前的关系代词 that 指代先行词 pesticides,在从句中作主语,故从句的谓语动词用复数形式;此处描述的为客观情况,应用一般现在时;use 与 pesticides 是被动关系,应用被动语态。故填 are used。 6.to stick　考查动词不定式。appear to do sth.是固定用法,意为"似乎做某事"。此处表示这些杀虫剂似乎 会在环境中滞留。 7.for　考查介词。此处表示对农民来说一项持续存在的挑战。故填 for。 8.protecting　考查现在分词。此处表示"在保护蜜蜂的同时使其他昆虫远离",现在分词短语 protecting bees 作时间状语,while 表示强调, protecting 的逻辑主语与不定式 to keep...的逻辑主语一致。 9.unlikely　考查词形转换。根据该句中的"but there are a number of organizations trying to help honeybees"可知,美国农业部表示,不太可能有一个神奇的解决方案。故填 unlikely。 10.solution　考查名词。空前的 magic 是形容词,且 magic 前又有数词 one,故此处应用名词单数形式 solution。