- 1 -
题型七 概要写作
Writing 1
阅读下面短文,根据其内容写一篇 60 词左右的内容概要。
These days our society develops rapidly and forces people to rush. It appears that people have
got used to being in a hurry. However, it’s better for people to take their time and live their
life at a slower pace than to hurry to get things done.
The main reason that convinces us to oppose doing work in a hurry is the possibility of doing
wrong in a rush. When people do their jobs or take action in a hurry, they can’t make a sound decision
and probably regret later. As the saying goes, "Haste makes waste." We should think carefully before
making a decision and do our work less quickly. We should not make mistakes by doing work hurriedly.
Slowing down the pace of life helps people enjoy their life better. For example, taking a train
to some place certainly will take more time than taking a plane. However, taking a train makes people
have enough time to get to know a lot of new friends. Besides, it allows people to fully enjoy the
beautiful scenery along the way. On the contrary, being in a hurry will make us lose chances of enjoying
our life.
Finally, slower life pace provides better health condition for us. As is known to all, taking
action in a hurry bothers people and raises their stress. People think if they are not in a hurry,
they will become a loser and that annoys them. But being in a hurry can hurt people both physically
and mentally. According to some studies, people who have a slower pace suffer fewer diseases, tend
to be happier and live much longer than those whose life is tense, even if the former finish work
more slowly than the latter.
In short, working quickly will bring about more material benefits to make our society more
advanced. Yet, much stress can’t bring enjoyment, friends and health, which are much more important
than money and other material advantages. Therefore, take your time and live your life at a slower
pace.
Writing 2
阅读下面短文,根据其内容写一篇 60 词左右的内容概要。
Is the traditional family dinner a thing of the past? In today’s households where both parents
go to work and kids have busy schedules, an array of afterschool activities and much homework, finding
time for a gathering at the table seems impossible. Yet, studies have shown time and again that eating
together has multiple benefits for family members, especially children.- 2 -
According to a number of reports issued by the National Center on Addiction and Substance Abuse
at Columbia University, children who eat at least five times a week with their family are at lower
risk of developing poor eating habits, weight problems or alcohol dependency, and tend to perform
better academically than their peers who frequently eat alone or away from home.
Eating together as a family is not just about food and nutrition. "Food has become so easily
and cheaply available that we no longer appreciate its significance, "says Professor Robin Fox, who
teaches anthropology at Rutgers University in New Jersey. "We have to rediscover its importance
and its value." Sharing a meal with loved ones should be considered a special event, which can almost
take the form of a ceremony, as it was practiced by our ancestors, for whom finding food was a constant
struggle.
Besides appreciation for the value of food, there are also many social elements that come into
play when families share meals, says Miriam Weinstein, author of The Surprising Power of Family Meals.
The dinner table can be the perfect environment where kids learn how to conduct conversations, observe
good manners, serve others, listen, solve conflicts and compromise.
Of course, there is no guarantee that the simple act of eating at home surrounded by family will
save children from developing unhealthy lifestyles or making regrettable choices down the road.
It may not make them more virtuous (品行端正的)or socially more responsible. But it can form a basis
for a lot of things.
Writing 3
阅读下面短文,根据其内容写一篇 60 词左右的内容概要。
Scientists in London say they have found the best diet for both humans and the planet. They
told Reuters that if the world followed the so called "planetary health" diet, each year more than
11 million early deaths could be prevented. Scientists say that the way we produce and eat food
is very bad for the planet. And they claim the best diet can reduce greenhouse gases and save more
land,water and animals.
Tim Lang,a professor at University of London,co-led the research. He told Reuters,"The food we
eat and how we produce it determine the health of people and the planet,and we are currently getting
this seriously wrong." Lang added that the world’s population is expected to grow to 10 billion
by 2050. If we want to feed everyone,we all need to change what we eat and the way we eat by "improving
food production and reducing food waste". - 3 -
Well,what do you eat on the planetary health diet?The scientists who created this diet say it
is largely plant-based but still has small amounts of dairy products,fish and meat. The diet calls
for cutting red meat and sugar by 50 percent and doubling the amount of nuts,fruits,vegetables and
legumes.
Food situations around the world are not equal. In certain areas,this would mean great changes.
People in North America,for example,eat 6.5 times the recommended amount of red meat. On the other
hand,people in South Asia eat only half the amount suggested by the new planetary health diet. Meeting
the targets for vegetables would need big changes in other areas. In sub-Saharan Africa,people on
average eat 7.5 times the suggested amount of vegetables like potatoes and cassava.
The scientists admit their goal will be difficult to achieve. But for them doing nothing is
also not an option. Willet said,"If we can’t quite make it,it’s better to try and get as close
as we can."
Writing 4
阅读下面短文,根据其内容写一篇 60 词左右的内容概要。
Artificial intelligence (AI) teachers can provide customized teaching for students to meet their
unique requirements through analyzing data and deep learning. In the future, they may replace human
teachers for basic teaching tasks. Since some students may find it hard to follow teachers in class,
AI can meet their individual needs, give them confidence and put new power into traditional teaching
patterns. An education system providing customized teaching centered on students represents the
future trend of AI education.
China’s AI education has developed rapidly in recent years with the rise of several thousand
relevant companies. Currently, AI teachers are able to help students learn pronunciation, analyze
their condition, guide them to learn independently, and even grade writing assignments. Some foreign
AI education systems have been introduced into several domestic schools and have worked well on
trial.
However, the promotion of AI education is still facing several difficulties in practice such
as low technological levels, the inadequacy of data and lack of funds. AI education still depends
largely on human teachers’ work. Most importantly, it conflicts with current educational patterns
because the courses developed by foreign countries are not suitable for Chinese exam-oriented
education. Teachers may also find it hard to change their original roles in classrooms since easing - 4 -
control on classes may make them seem irresponsible. These problems need to be handled before the
mass promotion of AI education.
With AI teachers, the original teacher-centered classes will be transformed into
student-centered ones where teachers only organize the class and provide guidance. Since teachers
are supposed to not only equip students with knowledge but also shape their values and help them
develop creative abilities, AI teachers will not replace human teachers but only pose higher
requirements of teaching. A combination of AI teachers and human ones can create the best future
for AI education.
Writing 1
阅读下面短文,根据其内容写一篇 60 词左右的内容概要。
Nowadays, shared bicycles can often be seen scattered(分散的) everywhere on city streets and
piles of bicycles damage the image of the city and disrupt public transport, causing many cities
to ban the entry of bike-sharing companies. Frankly speaking, since the birth of this new service,
neither economic profits nor social benefits have been satisfactory. This implies that the current
shared bicycle service model is unsustainable. If the service is allowed to expand under its current
model, it will cause huge challenges to urban management, especially to order on the streets. In
other words, the current urban management model can’t bear this type of operation model.
Of course, shared bicycle services are not without benefits. In big cities, some areas are
inaccessible to public transport or even taxis. In this case, these bikes play a particularly useful
role. However, the limited benefit of convenience is not enough to cancel out the huge cost created
by the mess and waste of this operation model. This problem is increasingly striking in cities that
have a large number of shared bikes. Convenience for a limited number of users is gained at the
expense of the vast majority of the city. Thus it is high time that urban management and transport
authorities dealt with this issue.
Firstly, since there is still no successful shared bicycle service model, the expansion of this
service should be stopped. Secondly, if possible, relevant firms should try to rearrange their
existing bicycles in a more reasonable way and improve their operation so that existing bikes can
be better used to minimize the waste of resources.
Years have passed since this business appeared, but old problems still exist. Therefore, an
innovative(创新的)concept is not enough; there must also be technological and management innovation
to match it. The focus of bike-sharing firms should be shifted from quantity to combination with - 5 -
cities’ public management. We all hope to see more of this kind of timely and effective measures
so that the sharing economy can follow a healthier model of development.
Writing 2
阅读下面短文,根据其内容写一篇 60 词左右的内容概要。
Public speaking is the act of speaking to a large group of people in a highly organized manner.
Knowing the art of public speaking is very important. The ability to speak confidently and
convincingly in public not only will make you stand out while in college, but also will enable you
to play an active role in your workplace and community in the future. There are many occasions where
you will likely be asked to give a speech, such as at school meetings, graduation ceremonies, award
ceremonies, receptions, or wedding parties.
Public speaking often involves two major stages of work: preparation and delivering. As for
the preparation, you should start with an audience analysis and decide on a speech topic and purpose.
The more you know and understand about your audience, the better you will choose a topic and prepare
the speech. After you analyze your audience and set the speech objective, you need to gather materials
to support your idea. Examples, stories, statistics, and testimony(证明) are four major types of
supporting materials. You can gather these materials from the Internet, journals, magazines, books,
newspapers, or your personal experience. After you gather enough materials about the topic, you then
need to organize them clearly and logically.
The language of a speech tends to be different from that of writing. In a speech, shorter and
simpler words and sentences are preferred to long and complex ones so that the listeners can
understand well. Besides, various kinds of rhetorical devices(修辞手法) are often employed to add
power to the speech language and bring emotional responses in the audience.
To successfully deliver a speech, you need to do a lot of work as well. For example, you need
to make effective use of your voice and body so as to convey your message clearly and vividly. Maybe
you also need to prepare some visual(视觉的) aids such as PowerPoint to help your audience understand
you well.
Writing 3- 6 -
阅读下面短文,根据其内容写一篇 60 词左右的内容概要。
Scientists have already shown that genetic engineering can rapidly spread a self-destructive
genetic modification(基因改造)through a species. Researchers have been ready to test it in mosquitoes.
If proved successful, the new technology might cause mosquitoes as a species to die out. A question
is raised: Do humans have the right to use gene extinction(灭绝) against other species?
With mosquitoes, there may seem to be enough reasons for some to say "yes". According to data
from the World Health Organization, mosquitoes cause the death of at least 725,000 persons annually
by spreading deadly diseases such as malaria, dengue fever, yellow fever and type-B encephalitis.
So many argue that we have the right to pay mosquitoes back and defend ourselves.
However, a basic rule of evolution is that every existing creature has reason to exist, and is
part of the Earth’s ecosystem as a whole. Ending one species might lead to chain reactions beyond
the expectations of everyone. If mosquitoes die out under the genetic attack of humankind, it is
possible that certain frogs, spiders, as well as birds might die out, too, because they hunt mosquitoes
for food. Then species that feed on these might die out and so on up the food chain. Even with the
best intentions, gene drives could potentially change food chains and wipe out beneficial creatures
alongside the "pests" being targeted when released into the environment. Besides, if people decide
they have the right to end mosquitoes, they might choose to end other species they consider "harmful".
Who gets to decide which species is the next to go extinct?
While voting against the proposal to temporarily ban the release of genetically-driven creatures,
the United Nations Conference on Bio-Diversity did require the researchers of genetically-driven
mosquitoes to evaluate the possible effects of their research and control them to avoid unnecessary
harm. Gene drives are being announced as a quick fix, but we can never be too cautious about
interfering(干涉)with nature.
Writing 4
阅读下面短文,根据其内容写一篇 60 词左右的内容概要。
In the deepest dive in a manned submersible(潜艇), US explorer Victor Vescovo spotted and
video-recorded a plastic bag and a pile of candy wrappers on the seabed. His discovery of plastic
waste 11.2 kilometers below sea level in the Challenger Deep in the Pacific Ocean, the deepest known
point in the Earth’s oceans, means there is nowhere on this planet plastic waste cannot reach, as
it has been found on Mount Qomolangma and in both Arctic and Antarctic waters.
Since the patent(专利)for plastics was registered in 1907, 8.3 billion tons of plastic products
have already been produced, of which 6.3 billion have been gotten rid of without processing. Most - 7 -
of the abandoned plastic products end up in the ocean. In the Pacific Ocean, plastic garbage and
other waste have already formed an island, which is 1.6 million square kilometers in size. It is
estimated that the total weight of plastic waste will reach 12 billion tons by 2050, more than the
total weight of oceanic fish.
Plastic waste kills life in the oceans and on the land alike by filling in their stomachs so
they cannot eat, or winding itself around their bodies so they cannot breathe. It pollutes the Earth
and prevents plants’ roots from digging deep into the ground. Plastic micro-particles(微颗粒)also
join the water cycle and enter the bodies of animals and even humans. As humans are at the top of
the food pyramid, plastic micro-particles build up inside our bodies.
Want to do something to change the situation? Don’t get plastic bags at the supermarket but
take your own reusable one instead. Give up fast delivery lunches and cook or go to the restaurant
instead. Get into the habit of sorting your garbage. But it’s easier said than done.
Environmentalists have been calling for behavioral changes for at least three decades, yet we
continue to use a growing amount of plastic products. Maybe we can hope a new environmentally friendly
material is used in the future, but for now at least, unless we control its use, plastic is going
to continue to get everywhere.
Writing 1
【写作指导】
(1)抓住主要论点,理清论证关系。材料为议论文,第一段就提出了文章的论点,即人们要放慢生活节奏;第二、
三、四段分析了要放慢节奏的原因;第五段总结全文,再次强调论点。
(2)研读核心信息,合理处理论据。论据是让论点更易被人接受的支持性事实材料。所给材料中的第二、三、
四段举了一些例子,分析了放慢节奏的好处。因而,在进行概要写作的时候,我们需要对论据进行适当的安排与处
理。
(3)确立语篇主题,合理重组结构。材料第一段首先表明了文章的中心论点,即"Despite being accustomed
to the fast pace in modern society, people are recommended to lead a slower life"(要点 1);第二段论述了要
放慢节奏的原因之一,即"Slowing down lowers the possibility of committing errors by comprehensive
thinking" (要点 2);第三段论述了要放慢节奏的原因之二,即"More opportunities to enjoy life are allowed
by a slower pace" (要点 3);第四段论述了要放慢节奏的原因之三,即"Better health condition is also what
a slower life brings" (要点 4);第五段总结全篇,即"Live a slower life from now on"(要点 5)。通过以上- 8 -
分析,我们可以发现材料的论述结构:提出论点(要点 1)——论据论证(要点 2—4)——总结全篇(要点 5)。在概要
写作的时候,我们必须首先确定采取何种表达顺序来完成对材料中心的表述。
【范文展示】
Despite being accustomed to the fast pace in modern society, people are recommended to lead a
slower life.(要点 1) Firstly, slowing down lowers the possibility of committing errors by
comprehensive thinking.(要点 2)Secondly, more opportunities to enjoy life are allowed by a slower
pace.(要点 3) Lastly, better health condition is also what a slower life brings.(要点 4)
Therefore, let’s live a slower life from now on.(要点 5)
Writing 2
【写作指导】
本文是一篇议论文。作者在文中论述了家庭聚餐对孩子们有着多方面的益处。本文的语篇结构:家庭聚餐
的现状→提出作者的观点(家庭聚餐对孩子有多重益处)→身心健康和学业方面的好处→认识到食物的价值→
人际关系方面→作出总结(虽然家庭聚餐不能确保孩子一切顺利,但能为许多事情奠定基础)。
【范文展示】
Studies find that eating together as a family, which nowadays seems impossible for busy parents
and kids, is actually beneficial.(要点 1)First, it can contribute to children’s better physical health
and academic performance. (要点 2)It also offers a platform where kids can learn to appreciate the
value of food and develop social skills. (要点 3 和 4)Though sharing meals may not ensure children
lifelong wellness, it can at least guide them on the right track.(要点 5)
Writing 3
【写作指导】
本文是一篇科普类说明文。科学家已经发现了对人类和星球来说最好的饮食,并分析了发现这种最好饮食
的原因,然后介绍了饮食在世界范围内的现状。语篇结构具有科普类文章的常见特点:倒叙。即:Para. 1 发现最
好的饮食及其意义→Para. 2 发现这种最好饮食的原因→Para. 3 什么是最好的饮食→Para. 4 世界各地饮食
情况的不同→Para. 5 目标难以实现但仍要努力。
【范文展示】
Scientists claim they have obtained the best diet benefiting both humans and the planet.(要
点 1) Tim Lang, one of the leaders of the research, emphasized the significance of changing the food
and the way we eat.(要点 2) The best diet is more based on plants than animals.(要点 3) However, the
food condition is not globally balanced.(要点 4) Tough as the target is to achieve, it is worth
trying.(要点 5)
Writing 4
【文章大意】
Paragraph 1:人工智能教师可以通过分析数据和深度学习为学生提供个性化教学以满足他们的独特需求。
未来它们可能会取代人类教师来完成基本的教学任务。
Paragraph 2:近几年,中国的人工智能教育发展得很快,现在人工智能教师已经能够帮助学生学习发音、分
析学生的(学习)状态、引导学生自主学习,甚至能够给学生批改作业。有些国外的人工智能教育体制已经被引
进国内的一些学校,并在试用中表现出色。
Paragraph 3:然而,人工智能教学的推广仍面临着许多困难,如技术水平低、数据不足、资金匮乏等。此外,
人工智能教学很大程度上依然依靠人类教师。最重要的是,人工智能教学与我国现行教育模式有所冲突。在普
及人工智能教学之前,这些问题亟待解决。
Paragraph 4:随着人工智能教师的出现,之前的以教师为主导的课堂将转变为以学生为主导的课堂,教师只
起组织和指导的作用。人工智能教师不会取代人类教师,反而对人类教学提出了更高的要求。人类教师和人工
智能教师的结合将会为人工智能教育创造一个最好的未来。
【范文展示】
AI teachers catering for students’ personalities can provide students with personalized
teaching to meet their needs and may serve as an appropriate alternative to implement basic teaching
tasks.(要点 1) China has seen rapid development in AI education in the past years.(要点 2) But many
problems like poor technology, inadequate data and a shortage of funds should be solved before AI
education’s wide application.(要点 3) Despite the advantages of AI teachers, human ones will never
be replaced; instead, both will play their joint roles in the future teaching.(要点 4)
Writing 1
【文章大意】
Paragraph 1:如今,共享单车在城市街道上随处可见,自行车的堆积损害了城市形象,扰乱了公共交通,导致许
多城市禁止共享单车公司进入。这表明目前的共享单车服务模式不适合目前的城市管理模式。
Paragraph 2:共享单车服务虽然也带来了一定的便利,但是有限的便利并不能抵消这种操作模式带来的混
乱和浪费。因此,城市管理和交通部门是时候处理这个问题了。- 9 -
Paragraph 3:首先,应该停止这种共享单车服务的扩张。其次,相关公司应该以更合理的方式重新安排他们
现有的自行车,改善他们的操作,使现有的自行车可以被更好地使用,尽量减少资源的浪费。
Paragraph 4:虽然共享单车服务已经出现很多年了,但是老问题依然存在。因此,一个创新的概念是不够的,
还必须有与之相匹配的技术和管理的创新。
【范文展示】
Shared bicycles greatly disturbing urban management, the entry of bike-sharing companies to many
cities has been forbidden.(要点 1)Though they bring much convenience, their huge cost makes it urgent
for relevant government authorities to handle this problem.(要点 2)As a result, bike-sharing
companies should stop their expansion, and instead redistribute the existing bicycles as well as
perfect their management.(要点 3)All in all, the solution lies in the matched innovation in technology
and management.(要点 4)
Writing 2
【文章大意】
Paragraph 1:公共演讲是以非常有条理的方式在一大群人面前讲话的行为。了解公共演讲的技巧非常重要。
(拥有)公共演讲的能力对你将很有帮助,而且在很多场合下你都有可能被要求进行公共演讲。
Paragraph 2:公共演讲通常包含两个阶段的工作——准备和发表演讲。
Paragraph 3:演讲的语言与书面语不同。演讲词会优先选用较短、较简单的词汇和句子使听众更好地理解,
而且会使用一定的修辞手法来使演讲的语言更有力量,从而引起观众的情感共鸣。
Paragraph 4:为了成功地发表演讲,你需要做很多工作,如有效利用自己的声音和肢体语言以及使用像 PPT
这样的视觉辅助工具等。
【范文展示】
Speaking well in public, which you’re often required to do, benefits you greatly. The following
are some tips.(要点 1) Before the speech, analyze the audience and fix the theme and target with rich
supporting details in an organized way.(要点 2) Besides, simpler expressions and rhetorical devices
are preferred to make the speech comprehensible, powerful and emotion-evoking.(要点 3)While you’re
delivering a speech, other aspects like voice variations, body language and visual aids should be
considered.(要点 4)
Writing 3
【文章大意】
Paragraph1:科学家已经表明,基因工程可以在一个物种中迅速传播自我毁灭性的基因改造。研究人员已经
准备在蚊子中证实这一点。如果被证明是成功的,这项新技术可能会导致蚊子这一物种灭绝。一个问题被提出
来:人类有权对其他物种进行基因灭绝吗?
Paragraph 2:对于蚊子,似乎有足够的理由让一些人说"是"。根据世界卫生组织的数据,蚊子每年通过传播
致命疾病导致至少 72.5 万人死亡。因此很多人认为,我们有权报复蚊子,保护自己。
Paragraph 3:然而,进化的一个基本规则是每一个现存的生物都有存在的理由,并且是地球生态系统的一部
分。终结一个物种可能会导致超出每个人预期的连锁反应。如果蚊子在人类的基因攻击下灭绝,某些青蛙、蜘
蛛以及鸟类也有可能灭绝,因为它们捕食蚊子。然后,以这些为食的物种也可能灭绝,按食物链以此类推。即使是
出于良好的意图,基因攻击也可能改变食物链,在被用到生态环境中时,不仅消灭目标"害虫",而且有可能消灭有
益生物。此外,如果人们决定他们有权终结蚊子,他们可能会选择终结他们认为"有害"的其他物种。谁来决定下
一个灭绝的物种?
Paragraph 4:联合国生物多样性会议在否决暂时禁止释放基因驱动生物的提案的同时,确实要求基因驱动
蚊子的研究人员评估其研究的可能影响,并对其进行控制,以避免不必要的伤害。虽然基因攻击被认为是一种快
速的解决方法,但在干涉自然这件事上我们越谨慎越好。
【范文展示】
Scientists have been ready to test a self-destructive genetic modification in mosquitoes, which
may end the species, but it arouses doubts.(要点 1)Some believe we should do so, because mosquitoes
spread deadly diseases yearly.(要点 2)But others think it will damage the ecosystem and related
species might become extinct.(要点 3)In a word, we should be careful about gene drives, considering
their likely effects.(要点 4)
Writing 4
【文章大意】
Paragraph 1:塑料垃圾已经到达地球的每一个角落,包括海洋的最深处、珠穆朗玛峰及南北极海域。
Paragraph 2:自 1907 年塑料专利注册以来,大量塑料制品被生产出来,且大多数的塑料垃圾最终都流入了海
洋。据估计,到 2050 年塑料垃圾的总重量将达到 120 亿吨,超过了海洋鱼类的总重量。
Paragraph 3:塑料垃圾杀死了海洋和陆地生物,污染了地球,而且塑料微颗粒在动物甚至在人体内积聚。
Paragraph 4:要改变这种现状,我们应该使用可回收袋,不点外卖而是自己做饭或外出就餐,并开始垃圾分类。
尽管这说起来容易做起来难,但是我们必须改变我们的行为来减少塑料的使用。
【范文展示】- 10 -
Plastic waste has reached every corner of the Earth, including the deepest point in the ocean,
the highest mountain and polar regions.(要点 1)And it is continuing to grow rapidly, most of which
eventually flows into the oceans.(要点 2)Plastic waste kills sea life and land life. It poisons the
ground, and its micro-particles accumulate in the bodies of animals, even humans.(要点 3)In spite
of difficulty, changes in action must be made to cut down plastic use.(要点 4)
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